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<mods:title id="D51CA55658C739F00B3FC7596B876374">Hasora mavis Evans, 1934 syn. n. is confirmed to be the female of H. leucospila leucospila (Mabille, 1891) (Hesperiidae, Coeliadinae) by DNA barcoding</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FD79C928543AC54EC5CFAE6A571AE739">Xue, Guoxi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8F4313282C579120F49B202727ABB0E1">Ikari, Etsuo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="50624E751E79E592C0D8A2ED4D4906AB">Inayoshi, Yutaka</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0AF3151AE65FFC9FF1E8FAF74BDEEBE" bold="true" box="[151,661,915,941]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FF1E8FAF74BDEEBE" bold="true" box="[151,661,915,941]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FF1E8FAF77F4EEBE" ID-CoL="9BHVT" authority="Evans, 1934" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,476,915,941]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FF1E8FAF7716EEBE" bold="true" box="[151,318,915,941]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Hasora mavis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FECF8FAF77F4EEBE" author="Evans, W. H." box="[326,476,915,941]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" pagination="33 - 36" refId="ref1676" refString="Evans, W. H. (1934) Indo-Australian Hesperiidae: Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies. The Entomologist, 67, 33 - 36 + 61 - 65 + 148 - 151 + 181 - 184 + 206 - 209 + 231 - 234." type="journal article" year="1934">Evans, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21FE754AE65FFC9FE6A8FAF741CEEBE" box="[483,564,915,941]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13639AB8AE65FFC9FDCA8FAF74A2EEBE" box="[579,650,915,941]" captionStart="FIGURES 12" captionStartId="1.[151,258,660,682]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,344,634]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1435,337,639]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 12. Adults from Phu Quoc, southern Vietnam. 1. Hasora mavis syn. n., female. 2. Hasora leucospila leucospila, male. a. dorsal side; b. ventral side. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534832/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE65FFC9FF1E8F8875A4EED8" blockId="0.[151,1437,915,2014]" box="[151,908,946,972]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB48A113AE65FFC9FF1E8F8875A4EED8" box="[151,908,946,972]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FF1E8F88746EEED8" authority="Evans, 1934: 34" authorityName="Evans" authorityPageNumber="34" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,582,947,971]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="borneensis" subSpecies="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FF1E8F8877B1EED8" box="[151,409,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Hasora borneensis mavis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9A02CAE65FFC9FE168F88746EEED8" author="Evans, W. H." box="[415,582,947,971]" page="34" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FE168F88746EEED8" author="Evans, W. H." box="[415,582,947,971]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" pagination="33 - 36" refId="ref1676" refString="Evans, W. H. (1934) Indo-Australian Hesperiidae: Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies. The Entomologist, 67, 33 - 36 + 61 - 65 + 148 - 151 + 181 - 184 + 206 - 209 + 231 - 234." type="journal article" year="1934">Evans, 1934: 34</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54E3389FAE65FFC9FDC68F8874A9EEDF" box="[591,641,948,972]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingRegion id="499C48DFAE65FFC9FD688F8E7535EED8" box="[737,797,946,971]" country="Malaysia" name="Perak" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Perak</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34FC6ADAE65FFC9FCA18F8E75A0EED8" box="[808,904,946,971]" name="Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE65FFC9FF1E8FEF7475EEF9" blockId="0.[151,1437,915,2014]" box="[151,605,977,1002]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB48A113AE65FFC9FF1E8FEF7475EEF9" box="[151,605,977,1002]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FF1E8FEF7432EEF9" ID-CoL="5HLN2" authority=": Evans, 1949: 70" authorityName="Evans" authorityPageNumber="70" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,538,978,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="khoda" subSpecies="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FF1E8FEF7741EEF9" box="[151,361,978,1002]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Hasora khoda mavis</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9A02CAE65FFC9FEFF8FEE7432EEF9" author="Evans, W. H." box="[374,538,978,1002]" page="70" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" year="1949">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FEFF8FEE7432EEF9" author="Evans, W. H." box="[374,538,978,1002]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" refId="ref1726" refString="Evans, W. H. (1949) A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia &amp; Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). The British Museum, London, 502 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 105941" type="book" year="1949">Evans, 1949: 70</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(key).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE65FFC9FF1E8FCD74FAE91A" blockId="0.[151,1437,915,2014]" box="[151,722,1008,1033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB48A113AE65FFC9FF1E8FCD74FAE91A" box="[151,722,1008,1033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FF1E8FCD7462E91A" authority=": Eliot, 1967: 146" authorityName=": Eliot" authorityPageNumber="146" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,586,1008,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="borneensis" subSpecies="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FF1E8FCD77B1E91B" box="[151,409,1008,1032]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Hasora borneensis mavis</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9A02CAE65FFC9FE2F8FCC7462E91A" author="Eliot, J. N." box="[422,586,1008,1033]" page="146" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FE2F8FCC7462E91A" author="Eliot, J. N." box="[422,586,1008,1033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" pagination="146 - 156" refId="ref1596" refString="Eliot, J. N. (1967) Revisional notes on Oriental butterflies, with special reference to Malaya (part 4). The Entomologist, 23, 146 - 156." type="journal article" year="1967">Eliot, 1967: 146</bibRefCitation>
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(discussion).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE65FFC9FF1E882C73BBE990" blockId="0.[151,1437,915,2014]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB48A113AE65FFC9FF1E882C73BBE990" infered="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FF1E882C77D0E934" ID-CoL="9BHVT" authority=": Maruyama, 1991: 6" authorityName=": Maruyama" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,504,1038,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FF1E882C770CE934" box="[151,292,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Hasora mavis</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9A02CAE65FFC9FEB8882C77D0E934" author="Maruyama, K." box="[305,504,1038,1064]" page="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FEB8882C77D0E934" author="Maruyama, K." box="[305,504,1038,1064]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" refId="ref1996" refString="Maruyama, K. (1991) Butterflies of Borneo. Vol. 2. No. 2. Hesperiidae. Tobishima Corporation, Tokyo, xiii + 89 pp., 48 pls." type="book" year="1991">Maruyama, 1991: 6</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 7 (note), pl. 6, H20 (for female adult);
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9A02CAE65FFC9FC0D88327201E934" author="Eliot, J. N." box="[900,1065,1038,1063]" page="334" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FC0D88327201E934" author="Eliot, J. N." box="[900,1065,1038,1063]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" refId="ref1630" refString="Eliot, J. N. (1992) The butterflies of the Malay Peninsula. 4 th Revised Edition. Originally by Corbet, A. S. &amp; Pendlebury, H. M. Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, 595 pp." type="book" year="1992">Eliot, 1992: 334</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 336, pl. 62, fig. 6 (for the
<typeStatus id="54E3389FAE65FFC9FABD883273B9E934" box="[1332,1425,1038,1063]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9A02CAE65FFC9FF4E881177A7E955" author="Kitamura, M." box="[199,399,1069,1094]" page="46" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FF4E881177A7E955" author="Kitamura, M." box="[199,399,1069,1094]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" pagination="43 - 57" refId="ref1923" refString="Kitamura, M. (2002) Butterflies from the southwest side slope of Mt. Banahaw, Mid-south Luzon, Philippines (7) Hesperiidae Part II, Satyridae. Butterflies, 34, 43 - 57." type="journal article" year="2002">Kitamura, 2002: 46</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 23, 24 (for adults of both sexes);
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9A02CAE65FFC9FCBA8811724FE955" author="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G." box="[819,1127,1069,1094]" page="9" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FCBA8811724FE955" author="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G." box="[819,1127,1069,1094]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" pagination="3 - 72" refId="ref1522" refString="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G. (2007) Hesperiidae of the Philippine Islands. Butterflies of the world, Supplement 15, 3 - 72." type="journal article" year="2007">de Jong &amp; Treadaway, 2007: 9</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(key, note), 10 (note);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FAC7881177BDE976" author="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G." pageId="0" pageNumber="391" refId="ref1555" refString="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G. (2008) Hesperiidae I. Hesperiidae of the Philippines. Butterflies of the world, part 29, 1 - 17, pls. 1 - 39." type="book" year="2008">de Jong &amp; Treadaway, 2008</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 3, figs. 14,15, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2 (for adults of both sexes);
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9A02CAE65FFC9FB8C88707285E976" author="Chiba, H." box="[1029,1197,1100,1125]" page="32" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FB8C88707285E976" author="Chiba, H." box="[1029,1197,1100,1125]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref1443" refString="Chiba, H. (2009) A revision of the subfamily Coeliadinae (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Series A, 7, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="2009">
<collectingRegion id="499C48DFAE65FFC9FB8C8870726CE976" box="[1029,1092,1100,1125]" country="Japan" name="Chiba" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Chiba</collectingRegion>
, 2009: 32
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 81, fig. 93 (for female genitalia), pl. 14, fig. 10 (for female adult);
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9A02CAE65FFC9FD0B8856751DE990" author="Kimura, Y. &amp; Aoki, T. &amp; Yamaguchi, S. &amp; Uemura, Y. &amp; Saito, T." box="[642,821,1130,1155]" page="27" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FD0B8856751DE990" author="Kimura, Y. &amp; Aoki, T. &amp; Yamaguchi, S. &amp; Uemura, Y. &amp; Saito, T." box="[642,821,1130,1155]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" refId="ref1868" refString="Kimura, Y., Aoki, T., Yamaguchi, S., Uemura, Y. &amp; Saito, T. (2011) The Butterflies of Thailand. Based on Yunosuke KIMURA Collection. Vol. 1. Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae. Mokuyosha, Tokyo, 220 pp." type="book" year="2011">Kimura, 2011: 27</bibRefCitation>
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(note);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FC0C88567265E990" author="Sugimoto, S." box="[901,1101,1130,1155]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" pagination="52 - 54" refId="ref2031" refString="Sugimoto, S. (2019) Notes on some hesperid butterflies of southeast Asia. Butterflies, 80, 52 - 54." type="journal article" year="2019">Sugimoto, 2019: 52</bibRefCitation>
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(note), fig. 1 (for female adult).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE65FFC9FF1E88B674E5E9B1" blockId="0.[151,1437,915,2014]" box="[151,717,1161,1186]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FF2588B77452E9B1" ID-CoL="3JVLX" authority="leucospila (Mabille, 1891)" authorityName="leucospila (Mabille" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[172,634,1161,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leucospila" subSpecies="leucospila">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FF2588B777FDE9B1" box="[172,469,1162,1186]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Hasora leucospila leucospila</emphasis>
(Mabille, 1891)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13639AB8AE65FFC9FD0188B574ECE9B1" box="[648,708,1161,1186]" captionStart="FIGURES 12" captionStartId="1.[151,258,660,682]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,344,634]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1435,337,639]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 12. Adults from Phu Quoc, southern Vietnam. 1. Hasora mavis syn. n., female. 2. Hasora leucospila leucospila, male. a. dorsal side; b. ventral side. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534832/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342D5B6AE65FFC9FF1E88927500E846" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE65FFC9FF1E88927489E9F9" blockId="0.[151,1437,915,2014]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FF1E889277A3E9D5" bold="true" box="[151,395,1198,1222]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B308C60AE65FFC9FE18889273B0E9D5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2449444010" box="[401,1432,1198,1222]" collectingDate="2019-01-12" collectingDateMax="2019-01-16" collectingDateMin="2019-01-12" collectorName="Etsuo Ikari" country="Vietnam" county="Kieng Giang" elevation="50" location="Suoi Da Ban" municipality="Phu Quoc" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-male="11">
<specimenCount id="9D5E4DB4AE65FFC9FE18889277D6E9D5" box="[401,510,1198,1222]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" type="male">9♂♂2♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFE6A0FDAE65FFC9FD80889274B2E9D5" box="[521,666,1198,1222]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" value="2019-01-12" valueMax="2019-01-16" valueMin="2019-01-12">
<collectingDate id="EFA25915AE65FFC9FD80889274B2E9D5" box="[521,666,1198,1222]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" value="2019-01-12" valueMax="2019-01-16" valueMin="2019-01-12">1216.I.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<location id="8E87D0E6AE65FFC9FD2D88927507E9D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F1372BAE65FFCBFF1E8FAF7549EC75:8E87D0E6AE65FFC9FD2D88927507E9D6" box="[676,815,1198,1222]" country="Vietnam" county="Kieng Giang" municipality="Phu Quoc" name="Suoi Da Ban" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Suoi Da Ban</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B831C47AE65FFC9FCB38892758EE9D5" box="[826,934,1198,1222]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Phu Quoc</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="6286FEB1AE65FFC9FC3888927215E9D5" box="[945,1085,1198,1222]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Kieng Giang</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34FC6ADAE65FFC9FBCE8892728CE9D5" box="[1095,1188,1198,1222]" name="Vietnam" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CA02BD8AE65FFC9FB26889272CFE9D6" box="[1199,1255,1198,1222]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="50.0">
<elevation id="0075610EAE65FFC9FB26889272CFE9D6" box="[1199,1255,1198,1222]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26ADE3EBAE65FFC9FAA9889273B0E9D5" box="[1312,1432,1198,1222]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Etsuo Ikari</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
, deposited in the private collection of Etsuo Ikari.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE65FFC9FF4E88CA7500E846" blockId="0.[151,1437,915,2014]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FF4E88CA776DE81D" bold="true" box="[199,325,1270,1294]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Bionomics.</emphasis>
The butterflies were only seen within
<quantity id="4CA02BD8AE65FFC9FD6A88CA750FE81E" box="[739,807,1270,1294]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
from the entrance of a trail along a stream at Suoi Da Ban (
<figureCitation id="13639AB8AE65FFC9FF16892676C8E821" box="[159,224,1306,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1473,1495]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,732,1450]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1435,732,1450]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitat of Hasora leucospila leucospila in Phu Quoc, southern Vietnam. Photographed by Etsuo Ikari." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534834/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The specimens were captured when they flew out of the bush along the trail and rested on the leaf at the height of
<quantity id="4CA02BD8AE65FFC9FF3D890276F5E846" box="[180,221,1342,1366]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
to
<specimenCount id="9D5E4DB4AE65FFC9FF7689027707E846" box="[255,303,1342,1366]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CA02BD8AE65FFC9FF7689027703E846" box="[255,299,1342,1366]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
The females were captured at 10 am and noon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342D5B6AE65FFCBFF4E895E7549EC75" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE65FFC9FF4E895E7756EB1A" blockId="0.[151,1437,915,2014]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FF4E895E771EE869" bold="true" box="[199,310,1378,1402]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Remarks.</emphasis>
Based upon one female specimen from
<collectingRegion id="499C48DFAE65FFC9FD6C895E750DE869" box="[741,805,1378,1402]" country="Malaysia" name="Perak" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Perak</collectingRegion>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FCA6895E75C0E869" author="Evans, W. H." box="[815,1000,1378,1402]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" pagination="33 - 36" refId="ref1676" refString="Evans, W. H. (1934) Indo-Australian Hesperiidae: Descriptions of new genera, species and subspecies. The Entomologist, 67, 33 - 36 + 61 - 65 + 148 - 151 + 181 - 184 + 206 - 209 + 231 - 234." type="journal article" year="1934">Evans (1934: 34)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FBD5895F7344E869" authorityName=": Eliot" authorityYear="1967" box="[1116,1388,1378,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="borneensis" subSpecies="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FBD5895F7344E869" box="[1116,1388,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Hasora borneensis mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a separate subspecies. Later, he transferred it to
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FD0389BB74C5E88D" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1876" box="[650,749,1414,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khoda">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FD0389BB74C5E88D" box="[650,749,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">H. khoda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without giving any reason (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FB9589BA72E0E88D" author="Evans, W. H." box="[1052,1224,1414,1438]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" refId="ref1726" refString="Evans, W. H. (1949) A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia &amp; Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). The British Museum, London, 502 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 105941" type="book" year="1949">Evans 1949: 70</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FB5589BA73B0E88D" author="Eliot, J. N." box="[1244,1432,1414,1438]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" pagination="146 - 156" refId="ref1596" refString="Eliot, J. N. (1967) Revisional notes on Oriental butterflies, with special reference to Malaya (part 4). The Entomologist, 23, 146 - 156." type="journal article" year="1967">Eliot (1967: 146)</bibRefCitation>
, however, believed that
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FE1A899777F9E8D1" authorityName=": Maruyama" authorityYear="1991" box="[403,465,1451,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FE1A899777F9E8D1" box="[403,465,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FD3F89977563E8D1" authorityName="Elwes &amp; Edwards" authorityYear="1897" box="[694,843,1450,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FD3F89977563E8D1" box="[694,843,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">H. borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FC4689977219E8D1" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1876" box="[975,1073,1450,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khoda">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FC4689977219E8D1" box="[975,1073,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">H. khoda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it matched well with the male of
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FF6589F37414E8F5" authority="Evans, 1949" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1949" box="[236,572,1486,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="borneensis" subSpecies="luza">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FF6589F37798E8F5" box="[236,432,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">H. borneensis luza</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FE3F89F27414E8F5" author="Evans, W. H." box="[438,572,1486,1510]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" refId="ref1726" refString="Evans, W. H. (1949) A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia &amp; Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). The British Museum, London, 502 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 105941" type="book" year="1949">Evans, 1949</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, although he noticed that it bore less hyaline spots on the forewing than the female of typical
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FE8A89CE775FEB19" authorityName="Elwes &amp; Edwards" authorityYear="1897" box="[259,375,1522,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FE8A89CE775FEB19" box="[259,375,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE65FFC9FF4E8A2A72A9EACE" blockId="0.[151,1437,915,2014]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FF4E8A2A778BEB3D" author="Maruyama, K." box="[199,419,1558,1582]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" refId="ref1996" refString="Maruyama, K. (1991) Butterflies of Borneo. Vol. 2. No. 2. Hesperiidae. Tobishima Corporation, Tokyo, xiii + 89 pp., 48 pls." type="book" year="1991">Maruyama (1991: 6)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FDDF8A2B74BCEB3D" authorityName=": Maruyama" authorityYear="1991" box="[598,660,1559,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FDDF8A2B74BCEB3D" box="[598,660,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was neither
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FC938A2A75A6EB3D" authorityName="Elwes &amp; Edwards" authorityYear="1897" box="[794,910,1558,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FC938A2A75A6EB3D" box="[794,910,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FC378A2A75D7EB3D" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1876" box="[958,1023,1558,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khoda">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FC378A2A75D7EB3D" box="[958,1023,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">khoda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and considered it a possible female of a known species. Without any confidence to associate it with a male, he treated it as a distinct species, viz.
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FA888A0773BDEB41" authorityName=": Maruyama" authorityYear="1991" box="[1281,1429,1595,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FA888A0773BDEB41" box="[1281,1429,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Hasora mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FF1E8A62742EEB65" author="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G." box="[151,518,1630,1654]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref1483" refString="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G. (1993) The Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) of the Philippines. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 288, 1 - 125, figs. 1 - 139." type="journal article" year="1993">De Jong &amp; Treadaway (1993: 13)</bibRefCitation>
considered this action needing further study since the lack of male materials. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FF1E8ABE7759EB89" author="Kitamura, M." box="[151,369,1666,1690]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" pagination="43 - 57" refId="ref1923" refString="Kitamura, M. (2002) Butterflies from the southwest side slope of Mt. Banahaw, Mid-south Luzon, Philippines (7) Hesperiidae Part II, Satyridae. Butterflies, 34, 43 - 57." type="journal article" year="2002">Kitamura (2002: 56)</bibRefCitation>
reported the male of
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FDDB8ABF74B8EB89" authorityName=": Maruyama" authorityYear="1991" box="[594,656,1667,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FDDB8ABF74B8EB89" box="[594,656,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="499C48DFAE65FFC9FD598ABE7527EB89" box="[720,783,1666,1690]" country="Philippines" name="Southern Leyte" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Leyte</collectingRegion>
, and stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FC318ABF75DEEB89" authorityName=": Maruyama" authorityYear="1991" box="[952,1014,1667,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FC318ABF75DEEB89" box="[952,1014,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FBA08ABE72B5EB89" authorityName="Elwes &amp; Edwards" authorityYear="1897" box="[1065,1181,1666,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FBA08ABE72B5EB89" box="[1065,1181,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be different spe- cies due to distinguishable wing patterns and sympatric distribution. This point was followed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FB268A9A73B5EBAD" author="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G." box="[1199,1437,1702,1726]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" pagination="3 - 72" refId="ref1522" refString="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G. (2007) Hesperiidae of the Philippine Islands. Butterflies of the world, Supplement 15, 3 - 72." type="journal article" year="2007">de Jong &amp; Treadaway</bibRefCitation>
(2007: 9;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FE898AF6777CEBF1" author="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G." box="[256,340,1738,1762]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" refId="ref1555" refString="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G. (2008) Hesperiidae I. Hesperiidae of the Philippines. Butterflies of the world, part 29, 1 - 17, pls. 1 - 39." type="book" year="2008">2008: 2</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 3) who also provided photos of a male
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FCA08AF7754FEBF1" authorityName=": Maruyama" authorityYear="1991" box="[809,871,1739,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FCA08AF7754FEBF1" box="[809,871,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Up to now,
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FC7D8AF7721AEBF1" authorityName=": Maruyama" authorityYear="1991" box="[1012,1074,1739,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FC7D8AF7721AEBF1" box="[1012,1074,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found in
<collectingCountry id="F34FC6ADAE65FFC9FB768AF67376EBF1" box="[1279,1374,1738,1762]" name="Thailand" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(Koh Samui), West
<collectingCountry id="F34FC6ADAE65FFC9FEA28AD277A7EA15" box="[299,399,1774,1798]" name="Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, East
<collectingCountry id="F34FC6ADAE65FFC9FE458AD27406EA15" box="[460,558,1774,1798]" name="Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(Kinabalu),
<collectingCountry id="F34FC6ADAE65FFC9FD3D8AD27504EA15" box="[692,812,1774,1798]" name="Philippines" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and Taraud Island. However, judging from the female gen- italia, wing shape, markings and the distribution,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FD2F8B2E7574EA39" author="Chiba, H." box="[678,860,1810,1834]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref1443" refString="Chiba, H. (2009) A revision of the subfamily Coeliadinae (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Series A, 7, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="2009">
<collectingRegion id="499C48DFAE65FFC9FD2F8B2E74CEEA39" box="[678,742,1810,1834]" country="Japan" name="Chiba" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Chiba</collectingRegion>
(2009: 32)
</bibRefCitation>
denied the conspecific status of
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FB3E8B2F72DDEA39" authorityName=": Maruyama" authorityYear="1991" box="[1207,1269,1811,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FB3E8B2F72DDEA39" box="[1207,1269,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FAA08B2E73B5EA39" authorityName="Elwes &amp; Edwards" authorityYear="1897" box="[1321,1437,1810,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FAA08B2E73B5EA39" box="[1321,1437,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and suspected that
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FEEC8B0B778BEA5D" authorityName=": Maruyama" authorityYear="1991" box="[357,419,1847,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FEEC8B0B778BEA5D" box="[357,419,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be the female of
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FD208B0A753FEA5D" box="[681,791,1846,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FD208B0A753FEA5D" box="[681,791,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">leucospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was widely distributed in
<collectingCountry id="F34FC6ADAE65FFC9FB0F8B0A72C7EA5D" box="[1158,1263,1846,1870]" name="Myanmar" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34FC6ADAE65FFC9FB728B0A7375EA5D" box="[1275,1373,1846,1870]" name="Thailand" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, West
<collectingCountry id="F34FC6ADAE65FFC9FF1E8B6676D3EA61" box="[151,251,1882,1906]" name="Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan,
<collectingCountry id="F34FC6ADAE65FFC9FDB28B66749EEA61" box="[571,694,1882,1906]" name="Philippines" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Sulawesi and Amboina. This hypothesis was strongly supported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FF1E8B427725EA85" author="Lee, C. H." box="[151,269,1918,1942]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" refId="ref1962" refString="Lee, C. H. (2012) Molecular phylogeny and systematic clarification of the genus Hasora (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 45 pp." type="book" year="2012">Lee (2012)</bibRefCitation>
with molecular evidence, but he did not draw the final conclusion because only one individual of each taxon from the
<collectingCountry id="F34FC6ADAE65FFC9FF758B9E775CEAA9" box="[252,372,1954,1978]" name="Philippines" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Philippines</collectingCountry>
was included. Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE65FFC9FD0A8B9E754CEAA9" author="Sugimoto, S." box="[643,868,1954,1978]" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" pagination="52 - 54" refId="ref2031" refString="Sugimoto, S. (2019) Notes on some hesperid butterflies of southeast Asia. Butterflies, 80, 52 - 54." type="journal article" year="2019">Sugimoto (2019: 52)</bibRefCitation>
reported both
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FB8D8B9F726AEAA9" authorityName=": Maruyama" authorityYear="1991" box="[1028,1090,1955,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FB8D8B9F726AEAA9" box="[1028,1090,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE65FFC9FBF08B9E72CFEAA9" box="[1145,1255,1954,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE65FFC9FBF08B9E72CFEAA9" box="[1145,1255,1954,1978]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">leucospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Phu Quoc, southern
<collectingCountry id="F34FC6ADAE65FFC9FF708BFA777EEACD" box="[249,342,1990,2014]" name="Vietnam" pageId="0" pageNumber="391">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, and this further aroused the suspicion on the relationship of these two taxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE64FFC8FF4E8CA67487EC51" blockId="1.[151,1437,154,322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
In
<date id="FFE6A0FDAE64FFC8FF6A8CA6775BEDA1" box="[227,371,154,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" value="2019-01">January 2019</date>
, one of the co-authors of the present paper, Etsuo Ikari, succeeded in obtaining six
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE64FFC8FB508CA773B5EDA1" box="[1241,1437,154,178]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FB508CA773B5EDA1" box="[1241,1437,154,178]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Hasora leucospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and two
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE64FFC8FF7C8C8377CFEDC5" authority="in Phu Quoc" authorityName="in Phu Quoc" box="[245,487,190,214]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FF7C8C83777DEDC6" box="[245,341,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">H. mavis</emphasis>
in Phu Quoc
</taxonomicName>
, of which, two
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE64FFC8FD188C837509EDC5" box="[657,801,190,214]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FD188C837509EDC5" box="[657,801,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">H. leucospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and one
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE64FFC8FC0C8C8375CDEDC6" box="[901,997,190,214]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FC0C8C8375CDEDC6" box="[901,997,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">H. mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were used for DNA barcoding (
<tableCitation id="C6DAB386AE64FFC8FACB8C8273BAEDC5" box="[1346,1426,190,214]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,241,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[166,1392,1579,1707]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Specimens used for sequencing." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF27D6B5AE64FFC8FF1E8A3B7442EB0C" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" tableUuid="DF27D6B5AE64FFC8FF1E8A3B7442EB0C">Table 1</tableCitation>
) following the method described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE64FFC8FD998CDE74CCEDE9" author="Hebert, P. D. N. &amp; Penton, E. H. &amp; Burns, J. M. &amp; Janzen, D. H. &amp; Hallwachs, W." box="[528,740,226,250]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="14812 - 14817" refId="ref1778" refString="Hebert, P. D. N., Penton, E. H., Burns, J. M., Janzen, D. H. &amp; Hallwachs, W. (2004) Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101 (41), 14812 - 14817. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0406166101" type="journal article" year="2004">
Hebert
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FDD68CDF74A5EDE9" box="[607,653,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">et al</emphasis>
. (2004)
</bibRefCitation>
. The result shows the mean Kimura-2-Parameter genetic distance of the 649 bp COI gene sequences of the specimens is only 0.3% (
<tableCitation id="C6DAB386AE64FFC8FCEC8D3A7590EC0D" box="[869,952,262,286]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,239,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[166,1173,1788,1926]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 2. Uncorrected pairwise genetic distances (Kimura-2-parameter) between individuals of Hasora species. Specimen ID A64 A65 A66 A64 0 A65 0.003 0 A66 0.003 0.003 0" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF27D6B5AE64FFC8FF1E8AE47379EBE3" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" tableUuid="DF27D6B5AE64FFC8FF1E8AE47379EBE3">Table 2</tableCitation>
), indicating they belong to the same species. This is in agreement with the study of
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE64FFC8FDBB8D167483EC51" author="Lee, C. H." box="[562,683,298,322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refId="ref1962" refString="Lee, C. H. (2012) Molecular phylogeny and systematic clarification of the genus Hasora (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 45 pp." type="book" year="2012">Lee (2012)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF27D6B5AE64FFC8FF1E8EA8746FEFDD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534832" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3534832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534832/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" startId="1.[151,258,660,682]" targetBox="[158,1426,344,634]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE64FFC8FF1E8EA8746FEFDD" blockId="1.[151,1437,660,718]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FF1E8EA87703EFBA" bold="true" box="[151,299,660,682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">FIGURES 12</emphasis>
. Adults from Phu Quoc, southern Vietnam. 1.
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE64FFC8FD648EA9755BEFB9" box="[749,883,661,682]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FD648EA9755BEFB9" box="[749,883,661,682]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Hasora mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FCF08EA87593EFBA" bold="true" box="[889,955,660,681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21FE754AE64FFC8FCF08EA87593EFBA" box="[889,955,660,681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female. 2.
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE64FFC8FBA58EA9736DEFBA" authority="leucospila" authorityName="leucospila (Mabille" authorityYear="1891" box="[1068,1349,660,682]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leucospila" subSpecies="leucospila">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FBA58EA9736DEFBA" box="[1068,1349,660,682]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Hasora leucospila leucospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male. a. dorsal side; b. ventral side. Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF27D6B5AE64FFC8FF1E89FD72C6E8C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3534834" box="[151,1262,1473,1495]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534834/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" startId="1.[151,244,1473,1495]" targetBox="[151,1435,732,1450]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE64FFC8FF1E89FD72C6E8C4" blockId="1.[151,1262,1473,1495]" box="[151,1262,1473,1495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FF1E89FD772FE8C5" bold="true" box="[151,263,1473,1495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Habitat of
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE64FFC8FEF089FE753AE8C5" authority="leucospila in Phu Quoc" authorityName="in Phu Quoc" box="[377,786,1473,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leucospila" subSpecies="leucospila">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FEF089FE74BBE8C5" box="[377,659,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Hasora leucospila leucospila</emphasis>
in Phu Quoc
</taxonomicName>
, southern Vietnam. Photographed by Etsuo Ikari.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF27D6B5AE64FFC8FF1E8A3B7442EB0C" ID-Table-UUID="DF27D6B5AE64FFC8FF1E8A3B7442EB0C" box="[151,618,1543,1567]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF27D6B5AE64FFC8FF1E8A3B7442EB0C" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" targetBox="[166,1392,1579,1707]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE64FFC8FF1E8A3B7442EB0C" blockId="1.[151,618,1543,1567]" box="[151,618,1543,1567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FF1E8A3B7724EB0C" bold="true" box="[151,268,1543,1567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Specimens used for sequencing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE64FFC8FF2F8A1072E2EBB8" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<table id="F958749DAE640036FF2F8A177358EBB8" box="[166,1392,1579,1707]" gridcols="6" gridrows="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<tr id="3568847FAE640036FF2F8A177358EB57" box="[166,1392,1579,1604]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FF2F8A177748EB57" box="[166,352,1579,1604]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Taxa</th>
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FEF78A17745FEB57" box="[382,631,1579,1604]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Locality</th>
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FD298A177529EB57" box="[672,769,1579,1604]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Date</th>
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FCBF8A177553EB57" box="[822,891,1579,1604]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Sex</th>
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FC2E8A177204EB57" box="[935,1068,1579,1604]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Specimen ID</th>
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FBDC8A177358EB57" box="[1109,1392,1579,1604]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">GenBank accession number</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3568847FAE640036FF2F8A6D7358EB79" box="[166,1392,1617,1642]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FF2F8A6D7748EB79" box="[166,352,1617,1642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FF2F8A6E771BEB7A" box="[166,307,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Hasora mavis</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FEF78A6D745FEB79" box="[382,631,1617,1642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE64FFC8FEF78A6D745BEB7A" authority="Suoi Da Ban, Phu Quoc" authorityName="Suoi Da Ban, Phu Quoc" box="[382,627,1617,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">Suoi Da Ban, Phu Quoc</taxonomicName>
,
</td>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FD298A6D7529EB79" box="[672,769,1617,1642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<date id="FFE6A0FDAE64FFC8FD298A6D7529EB7A" box="[672,769,1617,1641]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" value="2019-01-14">14.I.2019</date>
</td>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FCBF8A6D7553EB79" box="[822,891,1617,1642]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">female</td>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FC2E8A6D7204EB79" box="[935,1068,1617,1642]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">A64</td>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FBDC8A6D7358EB79" box="[1109,1392,1617,1642]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<accessionNumber id="940B1BDEAE64FFC8FBDC8A6D72E2EB7A" box="[1109,1226,1617,1641]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN170731" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
MN
<date id="FFE6A0FDAE64FFC8FBF68A6D72E2EB7A" box="[1151,1226,1617,1641]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" value="31-07-17">170731</date>
</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568847FAE640036FF2F8A4D7358EB9D" box="[166,1392,1649,1678]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FF2F8A4D7748EB9D" box="[166,352,1649,1678]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FF2F8A4F7748EB99" box="[166,352,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Hasora leucospila</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FEF78A4D745FEB9D" box="[382,631,1649,1678]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE64FFC8FEF78A49742AEB9D" authority="Kieng Giang" authorityName="Kieng Giang" box="[382,514,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">Kieng Giang</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34FC6ADAE64FFC8FD848A49744BEB9D" box="[525,611,1653,1678]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
</td>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FD298A4D7529EB9D" box="[672,769,1649,1678]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<date id="FFE6A0FDAE64FFC8FD298A4E7529EB99" box="[672,769,1650,1674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" value="2019-01-13">13.I.2019</date>
</td>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FCBF8A4D7553EB9D" box="[822,891,1649,1678]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">male</td>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FC2E8A4D7204EB9D" box="[935,1068,1649,1678]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">A65</td>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FBDC8A4D7358EB9D" box="[1109,1392,1649,1678]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<accessionNumber id="940B1BDEAE64FFC8FBDC8A4E72E2EB99" box="[1109,1226,1650,1674]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN170732" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
MN
<date id="FFE6A0FDAE64FFC8FBF68A4E72E2EB99" box="[1151,1226,1650,1674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" value="32-07-17">170732</date>
</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568847FAE640036FF2F8AAE7358EBB8" box="[166,1392,1682,1707]" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FD298AAE7529EBB8" box="[672,769,1682,1707]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<date id="FFE6A0FDAE64FFC8FD298AAF7529EBB8" box="[672,769,1683,1707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" value="2019-01-14">
<collectingDate id="EFA25915AE64FFC8FD298AAF7529EBB8" box="[672,769,1683,1707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" value="2019-01-14">14.I.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</td>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FCBF8AAE7553EBB8" box="[822,891,1682,1707]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">male</td>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FC2E8AAE7204EBB8" box="[935,1068,1682,1707]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">A66</td>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FBDC8AAE7358EBB8" box="[1109,1392,1682,1707]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<materialsCitation id="3B308C60AE64FFC8FBDC8AAF72E2EBB8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2556160898" box="[1109,1226,1683,1707]" collectingDate="2019-01-14" collectionCode="MN" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" specimenCount="1">
<accessionNumber id="940B1BDEAE64FFC8FBDC8AAF72E2EBB8" box="[1109,1226,1683,1707]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN170733" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<collectionCode id="ED491EF8AE64FFC8FBDC8AAF7257EBB8" box="[1109,1151,1683,1707]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">MN</collectionCode>
<date id="FFE6A0FDAE64FFC8FBF68AAF72E2EBB8" box="[1151,1226,1683,1707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" value="33-07-17">170733</date>
</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF27D6B5AE64FFC8FF1E8AE47379EBE3" ID-Table-UUID="DF27D6B5AE64FFC8FF1E8AE47379EBE3" box="[151,1361,1752,1776]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF27D6B5AE64FFC8FF1E8AE47379EBE3" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" targetBox="[166,1173,1788,1926]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE64FFC8FF1E8AE47379EBE3" blockId="1.[151,1361,1752,1776]" box="[151,1361,1752,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FF1E8AE47722EBE3" bold="true" box="[151,266,1752,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Uncorrected pairwise genetic distances (Kimura-2-parameter) between individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE64FFC8FB2F8AE572DEEBE3" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1881" box="[1190,1270,1753,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FB2F8AE572DEEBE3" box="[1190,1270,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Hasora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE64FFC8FF2F8AC0725EEA95" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<table id="F958749DAE640036FF2F8AC072BDEA95" box="[166,1173,1788,1926]" gridcols="4" gridrows="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<tr id="3568847FAE640036FF2F8AC072BDEA06" box="[166,1173,1788,1813]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FF2F8AC07703EA06" box="[166,299,1788,1813]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Specimen ID</th>
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FE6E8AC07408EA06" box="[487,544,1788,1813]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">A64</th>
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FCA18AC07549EA06" box="[808,865,1788,1813]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">A65</th>
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FBE08AC072BDEA06" box="[1129,1173,1788,1813]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">A66</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3568847FAE640036FF2F8B1E72BDEA28" box="[166,1173,1826,1851]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FF2F8B1E7703EA28" box="[166,299,1826,1851]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">A64</th>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FE6E8B1E7408EA28" box="[487,544,1826,1851]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568847FAE640036FF2F8B7472BDEA72" box="[166,1173,1864,1889]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FF2F8B747703EA72" box="[166,299,1864,1889]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">A65</th>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FE6E8B747408EA72" box="[487,544,1864,1889]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">0.003</td>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FCA18B747549EA72" box="[808,865,1864,1889]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568847FAE640036FF2F8B5172BDEA95" box="[166,1173,1901,1926]" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<th id="76B9ED03AE640036FF2F8B517703EA95" box="[166,299,1901,1926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">A66</th>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FE6E8B517408EA95" box="[487,544,1901,1926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">0.003</td>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FCA18B517549EA95" box="[808,865,1901,1926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">0.003</td>
<td id="76B9ED03AE640036FBE08B5172BDEA95" box="[1129,1173,1901,1926]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7863DAE64FFCBFF4E8B857549EC75" blockId="1.[151,1437,1977,2037]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,154,358]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
Prior to this study, only one specimen from Sulawesi has been known as the female of
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE64FFC8FB0A8B8676D0EAE6" authority="(Evans 1949: 71" authorityYear="1949" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE64FFC8FB0A8B867362EAC2" box="[1155,1354,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Hasora leucospila</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE64FFC8FAD38B8573B5EAC2" author="Evans, W. H." box="[1370,1437,1977,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refId="ref1726" refString="Evans, W. H. (1949) A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia &amp; Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). The British Museum, London, 502 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 105941" type="book" year="1949">Evans</bibRefCitation>
1949: 71
</taxonomicName>
), but judging from the illustration provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE64FFC8FD7A8BE17598EAE6" author="Maruyama, K." box="[755,944,2013,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refId="ref1996" refString="Maruyama, K. (1991) Butterflies of Borneo. Vol. 2. No. 2. Hesperiidae. Tobishima Corporation, Tokyo, xiii + 89 pp., 48 pls." type="book" year="1991">Maruyama (1991</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 6, H21), its wing pattern is conspicuously different from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE67FFCBFEF68CA677F5EDA2" box="[383,477,154,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE67FFCBFEF68CA677F5EDA2" box="[383,477,154,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">H. mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE67FFCBFE6D8CA67405EDA1" bold="true" box="[484,557,154,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21FE754AE67FFCBFE6D8CA67405EDA1" box="[484,557,154,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13639AB8AE67FFCBFDB28CA67452EDA1" box="[571,634,154,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 12" captionStartId="1.[151,258,660,682]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,344,634]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1435,337,639]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 12. Adults from Phu Quoc, southern Vietnam. 1. Hasora mavis syn. n., female. 2. Hasora leucospila leucospila, male. a. dorsal side; b. ventral side. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534832/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Therefore, the identity of this specimen needs further study. The other remaining problem is about the male specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE67FFCBFD168C8274F5EDC6" box="[671,733,190,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE67FFCBFD168C8274F5EDC6" box="[671,733,190,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presented by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE67FFCBFCF98C827236EDC5" author="Kitamura, M." box="[880,1054,190,214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" pagination="43 - 57" refId="ref1923" refString="Kitamura, M. (2002) Butterflies from the southwest side slope of Mt. Banahaw, Mid-south Luzon, Philippines (7) Hesperiidae Part II, Satyridae. Butterflies, 34, 43 - 57." type="journal article" year="2002">Kitamura (2002</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 24) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE67FFCBFB3C8C8276F1EDE9" author="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G." pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refId="ref1555" refString="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G. (2008) Hesperiidae I. Hesperiidae of the Philippines. Butterflies of the world, part 29, 1 - 17, pls. 1 - 39." type="book" year="2008">de Jong &amp; Treadaway (2008</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 3, figs. 14, 15) which are definitely not
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE67FFCBFD238CDE7530EDE9" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[682,792,226,250]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospila">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE67FFCBFD238CDE7530EDE9" box="[682,792,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">leucospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE67FFCBFC3C8CDE72BAEDE9" author="Kitamura, M." box="[949,1170,226,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" pagination="43 - 57" refId="ref1923" refString="Kitamura, M. (2002) Butterflies from the southwest side slope of Mt. Banahaw, Mid-south Luzon, Philippines (7) Hesperiidae Part II, Satyridae. Butterflies, 34, 43 - 57." type="journal article" year="2002">Kitamura (2002: 46)</bibRefCitation>
, the genitalia of his male
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE67FFCBFF1E8D3A76FDEC0E" box="[151,213,262,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mavis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE67FFCBFF1E8D3A76FDEC0E" box="[151,213,262,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">mavis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very similar to and hardly distinguishable from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE67FFCBFCE48D3A75C9EC0D" authorityName="Elwes &amp; Edwards" authorityYear="1897" box="[877,993,262,286]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE67FFCBFCE48D3A75C9EC0D" box="[877,993,262,286]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, we suppose those specimens should belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C58FDBEAE67FFCBFEDE8D1677E3EC51" authorityName="Elwes &amp; Edwards" authorityYear="1897" box="[343,459,298,322]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="B92C5A2FAE67FFCBFEDE8D1677E3EC51" box="[343,459,298,322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the narrow straw-colored area on the upperside wing bases considered by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9FBCCAE67FFCBFABE8D16772FEC76" author="Kitamura, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="393" pagination="43 - 57" refId="ref1923" refString="Kitamura, M. (2002) Butterflies from the southwest side slope of Mt. Banahaw, Mid-south Luzon, Philippines (7) Hesperiidae Part II, Satyridae. Butterflies, 34, 43 - 57." type="journal article" year="2002">Kitamura (2002: 56)</bibRefCitation>
as a diagnostic character should be individual variation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>