211 lines
27 KiB
XML
211 lines
27 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1BA01B3DA97ED72B4072D01C6751F8F4">A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="72825D28046A0517A4381784CA5FF1A5">Hodgson, Chris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="906ED067CF5150348A47CEA80E8779C1">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B2EA640AAE46D02CFCFAB3FDB2D418" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3796835" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163857771" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3796835" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2EA640AAE46D02CFCFAB3FDB2D418" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2EA640AAE46D02CFCFAB3FDB2D418" lastPageId="130" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90AAE46D32CFCFAB3FD80D210" box="[151,587,1341,1367]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AAE46D32CFCFAB3FD80D210" blockId="129.[151,587,1341,1367]" box="[151,587,1341,1367]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAE46D32CFCFAB3FD80D210" ID-CoL="8GX" ID-ENA="249423" authority="Green 1896 a" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,587,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Conchaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32CFCFAB3FD80D210" bold="true" box="[151,587,1341,1367]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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CONCHASPIDIDAE
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AAE46D32DC6FAB3FD80D210" author="Green" box="[429,587,1341,1367]" firstAuthor="Green" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" refId="ref202060" refString="Green, E. E. (1896 a) The Coccidae of Ceylon. Part I. Dulau, London, 103 pp." type="book" year="1896" yearSuffix="a">Green 1896a</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90AAE46D32CFCFA0FFC03D290" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AAE46D32CFCFA0FFB8AD2DD" blockId="129.[151,1436,1408,1495]" box="[151,1089,1408,1434]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0AAE46D32CFCFA0FFB8AD2DD" box="[151,1089,1408,1434]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630AAE46D32CFCFA0FFE1DD2DE" box="[151,470,1408,1433]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAE46D32CFCFA0FFE1DD2DE" ID-CoL="3SZ9" authority="Cockerell 1893 a" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,470,1408,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Conchaspididae" genus="Conchaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32CFCFA0FFEC6D2DE" box="[151,269,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Conchaspis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AAE46D32D7FFA0EFE1DD2DE" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[276,470,1408,1433]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="7 - 9" refId="ref198774" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1893 a) Coccidae or scale insects. - II. Bulletin of the Botanical Department, Jamaica, 40, 7 - 9." type="journal article" year="1893">Cockerell 1893a, 9</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00AAE46D32D8BFA0CFDD9D2DD" box="[480,530,1410,1434]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAE46D32E04FA0FFC65D2DE" ID-CoL="XK7W" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[623,942,1408,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Conchaspididae" genus="Conchaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angraeci">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32E04FA0FFC8DD2DE" box="[623,838,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Conchaspis angraeci</emphasis>
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Cockerell
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</taxonomicName>
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by monotypy.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AAE46D32CFCFA2EFC03D290" blockId="129.[151,1436,1408,1495]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0AAE46D32CFCFA2EFC03D290" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630AAE46D32CFCFA2EFE31D2FF" box="[151,506,1439,1464]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAE46D32CFCFA2EFE31D2FF" authority="Newstead 1893" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,506,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Conchaspididae" genus="Pseudinglisia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32CFCFA2EFEEAD2FF" box="[151,289,1440,1464]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Pseudinglisia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AAE46D32D4CFA11FE31D2FF" author="Newstead, R." box="[295,506,1439,1464]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="153 - 155" refId="ref209956" refString="Newstead, R. (1893) Notes on new or little known Coccidae (No. 4). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 29, 153 - 155." type="journal article" year="1893">Newstead 1893, 153</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00AAE46D32E68FA2EFDFED2FF" box="[515,565,1440,1464]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAE46D32EF9FA2EFBC6D2FF" authority="Newstead" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1893" box="[658,1037,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Conchaspididae" genus="Pseudinglisia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rodrigueziae">
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||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32EF9FA2EFC68D2FF" box="[658,931,1440,1464]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Pseudinglisia rodrigueziae</emphasis>
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Newstead
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</taxonomicName>
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by original designation. (=
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAE46D3294DFA2EFE5ED290" ID-CoL="XK7W" authority=", Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" class="Insecta" family="Conchaspididae" genus="Conchaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angraeci">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D3294DFA2EFEEAD291" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Conchaspis angraeci</emphasis>
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, Cockerell
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</taxonomicName>
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). Junior synonym (discovered by
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630AAE46D32E80FA30FC77D290" box="[747,956,1470,1495]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AAE46D32E80FA30FC77D290" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[747,956,1470,1495]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="100 - 102" refId="ref198845" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1895) Coccidae or scale insects. - VII. Bulletin of the Botanical Department, Jamaica, Series 2, 2, 100 - 102." type="journal article" year="1895">Cockerell 1895, 101</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AAE46D32CFCF98AFE84D078" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AAE46D32CFCF98AFE84D078" blockId="129.[151,1437,1540,2035]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32CFCF98AFEF9D158" bold="true" box="[151,306,1540,1567]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Introduction.</emphasis>
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The family
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAE46D32DD5F98BFDA7D158" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1896" box="[446,620,1541,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Conchaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Conchaspididae</taxonomicName>
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currently includes 4 genera and 30 species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AAE46D32834F98BFA5AD158" author="Garcia Morales" box="[1119,1425,1541,1567]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Garcia Morales" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" refId="ref201635" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N. B. (2019) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: https: // data. nal. usda. gov / dataset / scalenet-scaleinsects-coccoidea-database (accessed 12 August 2019)" type="url" year="2019">
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García Morales
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D3297FF988FA86D158" box="[1300,1357,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">et al.</emphasis>
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2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Most species are found in Africa and
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<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20AAE46D32E54F9A7FD08D104" box="[575,707,1577,1603]" name="Madagascar" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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but they also occur in Asia and the Americas. The adult females are covered in a test that resembles that of diaspidid species but no exuviae are incorporated in a conchaspid test, thus clearly distinguishing it from the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAE46D32E25F9FFFD13D1CC" authorityName=", Giliomee" authorityYear="1967" box="[590,728,1649,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaspididae</taxonomicName>
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. The family have generally been considered to be close to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAE46D32CFCF91BFED6D1E8" authorityName=", Giliomee" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,285,1685,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaspididae</taxonomicName>
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in the past (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AAE46D32D8EF91BFDB4D1E8" author="Takagi" box="[485,639,1685,1711]" firstAuthor="Takagi" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref211653" refString="Takagi, S. (1992 a) A contribution to Conchaspidid systematics (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 46, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Takagi 1992a</bibRefCitation>
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) and the studies of
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AAE46D32F09F91BFB51D1E8" author="Hodgson and Hardy" box="[866,1178,1685,1711]" firstAuthor="Hodgson" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="794 - 804" refId="ref203953" refString="Hodgson, C. J. & Hardy, N. B. (2013) The phylogeny of the superfamily Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) based on the morphology of extant and extinct macropterous males. Systematic Entomology, 38, 794 - 804. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12030" type="journal article" year="2013">Hodgson and Hardy (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AAE46D328BFF91BFF29D193" author="Vea and Grimaldi" firstAuthor="Vea" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="23487" refId="ref212464" refString="Vea, I. M. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2016) Putting scales into evolutionary time: the divergence of major scale insect lineages (Hemiptera) predates the radiation of modern angiosperm hosts. Scientific Reports, 6, 23487. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 23487" type="journal article" year="2016">Vea and Grimaldi (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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||
also found the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAE46D32DFBF937FD88D194" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1896" box="[400,579,1721,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Conchaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Conchaspididae</taxonomicName>
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to be sister to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAE46D32F79F937FC57D194" authorityName=", Giliomee" authorityYear="1967" box="[786,924,1721,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaspididae</taxonomicName>
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||
. An overall brief description of the adult males of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32CDEF953FE85D1B0" box="[181,334,1757,1783]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAE46D32CDEF953FEFFD1B0" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1893" box="[181,308,1757,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Conchaspididae" genus="Conchaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Conchaspis</taxonomicName>
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||
w
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||
</emphasis>
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||
as presented by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AAE46D32D95F953FD55D1B0" author="Mamet" box="[510,670,1756,1783]" firstAuthor="Mamet" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="189 - 239" refId="ref207760" refString="Mamet, R. J. (1954) A monograph of the Conchaspididae Green (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 105, 189 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1954. tb 00764. x" type="journal article" year="1954">Mamet (1954)</bibRefCitation>
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, since when only the adult male of one species,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAE46D328C4F953FA53D1B0" authority="Hempel 1937" authorityName="Hempel" authorityYear="1937" box="[1199,1432,1757,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Conchaspididae" genus="Conchaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lata">
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||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D328C4F953FB32D1B0" box="[1199,1273,1757,1783]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">C. lata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AAE46D3296AF953FA53D1B0" author="Hempel" box="[1281,1432,1757,1783]" firstAuthor="Hempel" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="5 - 36" refId="ref203343" refString="Hempel, A. (1937) Novas especies de coccideos (Homoptera) do Brasil. [New coccid species (Homoptera) from Brazil.]. Archivos do Instituto Biologico. Sao Paulo, 8, 5 - 36." type="journal article" year="1937">Hempel 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, has been described (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AAE46D32D19F88FFE20D05B" author="Afifi, S. A." box="[370,491,1793,1820]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="25 - 37" refId="ref197225" refString="Afifi, S. A. (1969) Systematic status of the Family Conchaspididae based on the males of Conchaspis lata Hempel (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Research Division Bulletin Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 36, 25 - 37." type="journal article" year="1969">Afifi 1969</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The following family diagnosis is based on the latter description plus the four species described below.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AAE46D02CACF8C6FD94D5B4" lastPageId="130" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AAE46D02CACF8C6FD94D5B4" blockId="129.[151,1437,1540,2035]" lastBlockId="130.[151,1437,153,863]" lastPageId="130" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32CACF8C6FCC3D024" bold="true" box="[199,776,1864,1891]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Family diagnosis based on adult male morphology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132047F70AAE46D32F7DF8C7FC5FD024" box="[790,916,1864,1891]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 53" captionStart-1="FIGURE 54" captionStart-2="FIGURE 55" captionStart-3="FIGURE 56" captionStartId-0="132.[151,248,1858,1883]" captionStartId-1="134.[151,248,1758,1783]" captionStartId-2="137.[151,248,1972,1997]" captionStartId-3="139.[151,248,1839,1864]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1427,355,1833]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1431,280,1733]" captionTargetBox-2="[167,1427,238,1947]" captionTargetBox-3="[162,1426,191,1814]" captionTargetId-0="figure@132.[151,1436,345,1833]" captionTargetId-1="figure@134.[151,1436,273,1733]" captionTargetId-2="figure@137.[151,1436,237,1947]" captionTargetId-3="figure@139.[151,1436,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId-0="132" captionTargetPageId-1="134" captionTargetPageId-2="137" captionTargetPageId-3="139" captionText-0="FIGURE 53. Conchaspis angraeci Cockerell. Macropterous male. (Conchaspididae). Where F=bifurcated seta, J=proepisternum + cervical sclerite and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." captionText-1="FIGURE 54. Conchaspis capensis Linnaeus. Macropterous male. (Conchaspididae). Where P=spur-like seta on tarsus, R=dermal marking on ocular sclerite and T=dermal marking on abdominal tergites and sternites." captionText-2="FIGURE 55. Conchaspis socialis Green. Macropterous male. (Conchaspididae). Where F=bifurcated seta and R=dermal marking on ocular sclerite." captionText-3="FIGURE 56.Conchaspis vayssiereiMamet.Macropterous male. (Conchaspididae).Where D=fleshy setae on antenna, F=bifurcated seta, R=dermal markings on ocular sclerite and T=dermal markings on thorax, legs and antennae." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774280" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774282" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774284" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774286" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3774280/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3774282/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3774284/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3774286/files/figure.png" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Figs 53–56</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32FCEF8C7FC23D024" bold="true" box="[933,1000,1865,1891]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Body.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdomen quite short, with an
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32958F8C7FE23D0C0" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">extremely long, needle-like penial sheath</emphasis>
|
||
; body setae sparse, all short and hs; loculate pores absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32819F8E3FB71D0C0" bold="true" box="[1138,1210,1901,1927]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
approximately oval, often wider than long; neck short and broad;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32E15F81FFC5CD0EC" box="[638,919,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">postoccipital ridge absent</emphasis>
|
||
; dorsal head setae few, all hs; mid-cranial ridge reduced to lateral arms (absent on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAE46D32E6EF83BFD4AD088" authorityName="Linnaeus. Macropterous" authorityYear="1763" box="[517,641,1973,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Conchaspididae" genus="Conchaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32E6EF83BFD4AD088" box="[517,641,1973,1999]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32EFCF83BFCD4D088" box="[663,799,1973,1999]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">ocelli absent</emphasis>
|
||
; with two pairs of simple eyes;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAE46D32819F838FEE1D0B4" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">genae small, not sclerotised or reticulated</emphasis>
|
||
; genal setae absent; preocular ridge short; ocular sclerite sclerotised but not reticulated; antennae short, 7- segmented;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D02D71FF17FD64D7F4" box="[282,687,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">flagellar segments with thick, short fs</emphasis>
|
||
; apical antennal segment with 4 capitate setae; scape with 2 hs setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D02CFCFF33FF3ED790" bold="true" box="[151,245,189,215]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Prothoracic setae absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D02E7AFF30FAE3D790" box="[529,1320,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">prosternum with an exceptionally well developed and long median ridge</emphasis>
|
||
but with a weak transverse ridge; prescutum without prescutal setae; prescutum convex, with a well-developed prescutal ridge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D02CFCFE88FDB2D658" box="[151,633,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">scutum without a median membranous area</emphasis>
|
||
; scutum generally with 1 or 2 small hs laterad to median area; scutellum semi-circular with a large foramen; scutellar setae absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D02F7BFEA4FE47D620" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">area delineated by scutellum anteriorly and mesopostnotum posteriorly sclerotised</emphasis>
|
||
; postmesospiracular setae absent; basisternum wide and narrow, slightly constricted medially,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D02CFCFEFFFE76D6CC" box="[151,445,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">with a strong median ridge</emphasis>
|
||
(making it look like a pair of spectacles); basisternal setae absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D028FAFEFFFDB3D6E8" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">furca very short, without a waist and with short, parallel lateral arms</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D02EEDFE1BFC9DD6E8" box="[646,854,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">tegula setae absent</emphasis>
|
||
; dorsal part of mesopleural ridge present; metepisternum slightly sclerotised; postmetaspiracular setae absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D02F67FE34FBCED694" box="[780,1029,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">mesepisternum narrow</emphasis>
|
||
; metasternal setae few or absent; alar setae absent; alar sensoria present or possibly absent; alar lobes present; hamulohalteres present;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D028C2FE53FEFCD55C" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">legs with few setae, all hs or spur-like</emphasis>
|
||
; trochanter sensilla in a line;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D02E15FD8FFBAAD55C" box="[638,1121,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">tibia and tarsus fused, forming a tibiotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D0281BFD8FFEB4D578" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">ventral setae on tibiotarsus sometimes bifurcated</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D02DE6FDABFD20D578" box="[397,747,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">tarsal campaniform pore absent</emphasis>
|
||
; tibiotarsus with reticulations or oblique ridges; tarsal digitules capitate; claw digitules capitate; claw with a denticle.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D02E89FDC6FC90D524" bold="true" box="[738,859,584,611]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D02F0AFDC7FACDD524" box="[865,1286,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Segment VIII sclerotised and ring-like,</emphasis>
|
||
often appearing part of penial sheath; glandular pouches absent; caudal extentions absent; segment IX sclerotised, with a round anal opening on dorsum; segment IX without setae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D02EF5FD1FFF07D588" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">style quite broad anteriorly, rapidly narrowing into a long, needle-like shaft</emphasis>
|
||
; style with 1 or 2 pairs of long hs at anterior end; aedeagus long (sometimes longer than penial sheath), narrow and mainly parallel sided; basal rod short.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AAD46D02CACFD73FDB2D418" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AAD46D02CACFD73FDB2D418" blockId="130.[151,1437,153,863]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
|
||
The adult males of the five species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AAD46D02E04FD73FD24D450" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1893" box="[623,751,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Conchaspididae" genus="Conchaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AAD46D02E04FD73FD24D450" box="[623,751,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Conchaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
considered here are all morphologically extremely similar (as also noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AAD46D02D58FCAFFE18D47C" author="Takagi" box="[307,467,801,827]" firstAuthor="Takagi" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref211653" refString="Takagi, S. (1992 a) A contribution to Conchaspidid systematics (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 46, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Takagi (1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.21) for the species he studied). As the significance of the small differences noted between them is uncertain, no key is provided.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |