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<document id="88392C3130A39A6C515FE43FB8510335" ID-CLB-Dataset="22494" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4765.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8af5a092-f062-48c7-8d7c-f96ae6282bfa" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774174" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C442D94C-0EB4-4509-B762-913707214819" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588094957734" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Hodgson, Chris" docDate="2020" docId="03B2EA640A6C46152CFCFE41FC8FD524" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4765.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4765 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Dactylopius coccus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="FF8B921C0A2F46522C6BFF8EFFCBD747" masterDocTitle="A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males" masterLastPageNumber="264" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1698837970293" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="089AC450DA9D9C199CBD00A34ACA3BA4">A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A9E0EC108529EFEC52CA977358CFBBB6">Hodgson, Chris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DDB06A7F5AD596C1DAE2D7B366B16A9B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4962F74B487D3F837B0960FFECEE13FC">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E791F1E6F0B0D59BE1D1F6454CB5CB87">2020-04-16</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B1AB035209B7DE8234E8C06EAD9FEF6E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="42976E87F0FC2A4C1534A6281EC38A43" type="CLB-Dataset">22494</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="59E539FC67AC2947108645433048742A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4765.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B2EA640A6C46152CFCFE41FC8FD524" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163857803" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2EA640A6C46152CFCFE41FC8FD524" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2EA640A6C46152CFCFE41FC8FD524" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<subSubSection id="C30108F90A6C46112CFCFE41FD9AD6AE" box="[151,593,463,490]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6C46112CFCFE41FD9AD6AE" blockId="67.[151,593,463,490]" box="[151,593,463,490]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<heading id="D0ECEC1E0A6C46112CFCFE41FD9AD6AE" bold="true" box="[151,593,463,490]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112CFCFE41FD9AD6AE" bold="true" box="[151,593,463,490]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6C46112CFCFE41FE29D6AE" ID-CoL="33W87" authority="(Costa)" baseAuthorityName="Costa" box="[151,482,463,490]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112CFCFE41FEB4D6AD" bold="true" box="[151,383,463,490]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Dactylopius coccus</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49DF95900A6C46112DE4FE41FE11D6AE" box="[399,474,463,489]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Costa</collectingRegion>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132047F70A6C46112D98FE41FD82D6AE" box="[499,585,463,489]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="68.[151,248,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,192,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 24. Dactylopius coccus (Costa). Macropterous male. (Dactylopiidae). Where P=spur-like seta and T=microtrichia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774222/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90A6C46112CFCFD9AFC8ED582" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6C46112CFCFD9AFEDDD50D" blockId="67.[151,1437,531,710]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0A6C46112CFCFD9AFEDDD50D" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630A6C46112CFCFD9AFDC4D56B" box="[151,527,531,556]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6C46112CFCFD9AFDC4D56B" ID-CoL="33W87" authority="Costa 1829" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,527,531,556]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112CFCFD9AFEAAD56B" box="[151,353,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Dactylopius coccus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A6C46112D00FD9AFDC4D56B" author="Costa, O. G." box="[363,527,531,556]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref199751" refString="Costa, O. G. (1829) Fauna del Regno di Napoli, famiglia de coccinigliferi, o de' gallinsetti. Emitteri, Napoli, 23 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61922" type="book" year="1829">Costa 1829, 16</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00A6C46112E77FD9AFD85D56B" box="[540,590,532,556]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
data:
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112EFFFD9AFD07D56B" bold="true" box="[660,716,532,556]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20A6C46112EFFFD9AFD0CD56B" box="[660,711,532,556]" name="Italy" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6C46112E91FD9AFC86D56C" ID-CoL="69B3" authority="Fico d'India" authorityName="Fico d'India" box="[762,845,532,555]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112E91FD9AFC86D56C" box="[762,845,532,555]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Opuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“Fico d’India”.
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00A6C46112F95FD9AFBFBD56B" box="[1022,1072,532,556]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
status unknown,
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00A6C46112885FD9AFAEBD56B" box="[1262,1312,532,556]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
depository: HNHB.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6C46112CFCFDDCFC0AD52E" blockId="67.[151,1437,531,710]" box="[151,961,593,618]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0A6C46112CFCFDDCFC0AD52E" box="[151,961,593,618]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6C46112CFCFDDCFEA6D52E" authority="(Costa)" baseAuthorityName="Costa" box="[151,365,593,617]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacti">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112CFCFDDCFED2D52E" box="[151,281,594,617]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Coccus cacti</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49DF95900A6C46112D4CFDDFFEADD52E" box="[295,358,593,617]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Costa</collectingRegion>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630A6C46112D13FDDFFD82D52E" box="[376,585,593,618]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A6C46112D13FDDFFD82D52E" author="Signoret, V." box="[376,585,593,618]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="305 - 352" refId="ref211165" refString="Signoret, V. (1875 b) Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homopteres-Coccides), 15 e partie. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 5, 5, 305 - 352." type="journal article" year="1875">Signoret 1875b, 347</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00A6C46112E39FDDCFD4FD52D" box="[594,644,594,618]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
depositories: BMNH; MNHN.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6C46112CFCFDFEFC12D5CF" blockId="67.[151,1437,531,710]" box="[151,985,623,648]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0A6C46112CFCFDFEFC12D5CF" box="[151,985,623,648]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630A6C46112CFCFDFEFD8FD5CF" box="[151,580,623,648]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6C46112CFCFDFEFD8FD5CF" authority="Meunier 1884" authorityName="Meunier" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,580,623,648]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cacti" subSpecies="domestica">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112CFCFDFEFE4CD5CF" box="[151,391,624,648]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Coccus cacti domestica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A6C46112DE6FDE1FD8FD5CF" author="Meunier, J. A." box="[397,580,623,648]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="17 - 22" refId="ref208308" refString="Meunier, J. A. (1884) Les cochenilles tinctoriales et leurs produits. Bulletin de l'Insectologie, 2, 17 - 22." type="journal article" year="1884">Meunier 1884, 19</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Junior synonym,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A6C46112E96FDE1FC69D5CF" author="Lindinger" box="[765,930,623,648]" firstAuthor="Lindinger" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="127 - 149" refId="ref207477" refString="Lindinger, L. (1935) Die nunmehr gultigen Namen der Arten in meinem ' Schildlausebuch' und in den ' Schildlausen der Mitteleuropaischen Gewachshauser'. Entomologisches Jahrbuch, 44, 127 - 149." type="journal article" year="1935">Lindinger, 1935</bibRefCitation>
, 133.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6C46112CFCFD01FB12D5E1" blockId="67.[151,1437,531,710]" box="[151,1241,654,679]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0A6C46112CFCFD01FB12D5E1" box="[151,1241,654,679]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6C46112CFCFD01FEA6D5E0" authority="(Costa)" baseAuthorityName="Costa" box="[151,365,655,679]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacti">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112CFCFD01FED2D5E1" box="[151,281,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Coccus cacti</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49DF95900A6C46112D4CFD01FEADD5E0" box="[295,358,655,679]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Costa</collectingRegion>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630A6C46112D13FD00FDA9D5E0" box="[376,610,654,679]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A6C46112D13FD00FDA9D5E0" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[376,610,654,679]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1041 - 1049" refId="ref198808" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1893 b) Notes on the cochineal insect. American Naturalist, 27, 1041 - 1049. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 275840" type="journal article" year="1893">Cockerell 1893b, 1041</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00A6C46112E00FD01FD56D5E0" box="[619,669,655,679]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
depositories: Department of Entomology, ICV; MNHN.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6C46112CFCFD23FC8ED582" blockId="67.[151,1437,531,710]" box="[151,837,685,710]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0A6C46112CFCFD23FC8ED582" box="[151,837,685,710]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6C46112CFCFD23FE7AD582" ID-CoL="33W87" authority="(Costa)" baseAuthorityName="Costa" box="[151,433,685,709]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112CFCFD23FE96D582" box="[151,349,685,709]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Dactylopius coccus</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49DF95900A6C46112D00FD23FE61D582" box="[363,426,685,709]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Costa</collectingRegion>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630A6C46112DD0FD23FD53D581" box="[443,664,685,710]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A6C46112DD0FD23FD53D581" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[443,664,685,710]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="450 - 456" refId="ref199248" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1902 c) A contribution to the knowledge of the Coccidae. Appendix. Some Brazilian Coccidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 9, 450 - 456. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930208678620" type="journal article" year="1902">Cockerell 1902c, 454</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Subsequent use.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90A6C46112CFCFD7DFB2AD474" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6C46112CFCFD7DFB2AD474" blockId="67.[151,1437,755,2042]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112CFCFD7DFEBDD449" bold="true" box="[151,374,755,782]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<collectingRegion id="49DF95900A6C46112CFCFD7DFF36D449" box="[151,253,755,782]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Material</collectingRegion>
examined
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112DEDFD7DFD84D449" bold="true" box="[390,591,755,782]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20A6C46112DEDFD7DFE01D449" box="[390,458,755,782]" name="Spain" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49DF95900A6C46112DB2FD7DFD84D449" box="[473,591,755,782]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Canary Is</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
., Gran Canaria, Bco de Azuaje, W. of Firgas, on
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6C46112810FD7AFB1ED449" box="[1147,1237,756,782]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112810FD7AFB1ED449" box="[1147,1237,756,782]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Opuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<date id="FFA57DB20A6C46112966FD7DFAB6D44A" box="[1293,1405,755,781]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2002-12-06">6.xii.2002</date>
, J. Martin 7737 (
<collectionCode id="ED0AC3B70A6C46112D46FC96FE4DD475" box="[301,390,792,818]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 2/2ad
<specimenCount id="9D1D90FB0A6C46112DB0FC96FDC3D475" box="[475,520,792,818]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D1D90FB0A6C46112E7AFC96FD42D475" box="[529,649,792,818]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
in good condition, other with poorly expanded wings).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90A6C46172CACFCB2FE06D0FC" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6C46112CACFCB2FAE0D4D9" blockId="67.[151,1437,755,2042]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112CACFCB2FE57D411" bold="true" box="[199,412,827,854]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Mounted material</emphasis>
: of moderate size, total body length 2.0–
<quantity id="4CE3F6970A6C46112F08FCB2FC71D411" box="[867,954,828,854]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
; antennae fairly short, about half total body length; flagellate segments with short, stout fleshy setae (fs), and most segments with long capitate setae (caps); body with few setae, all hs, fs apparently absent. Wings subequal to total body length, width less than half length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6C46112CACFC26FE32D145" blockId="67.[151,1437,755,2042]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112CACFC26FECED485" bold="true" box="[199,261,936,962]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Head</emphasis>
: rather pointed anteriorly, with ventral eyes approximately level with dorsal simple eyes; probably with ventral simple eyes on a distinct postero-ventral bulge; head length about 290 μm; width across genae 320–330 μm. Median crest (mc) not reticulated but distinct and long, extending posteriorly to well past posterior margin of ocular sclerite. Postoccipital ridge (por) absent; with (on each side) 10–15 hs dorsal head setae (dhs), extending full length of median crest; pores absent. Mid-cranial ridge: dorsal (dmcr), ventral (vmcr) and lateral ridges all absent; median crest ventrally with with 3 or 4 ventral mid-cranial ridge setae (vmcrs) on each side. Genae (g) not reticulated; with 3 or 4 hs genal setae (gs) on each side just posterior to ocular sclerites. Eyes: with two pairs of round simple eyes; dorsal eyes (dse) slightly larger than ventral eyes (vse), latter placed well forward, each probably approximately level with dse; dse each 30–33 μm wide, vse each 25 μm wide. Ocelli (o) pronounced, situated laterally, each 33–35 μm wide, close to dorsal end of postocular ridge (pocr). Ocular sclerite (ocs) sclerotised but apparently not striated or reticulated, even around each simple eye. Preocular ridge (procr) poorly developed, only visible ventrally for a short distance from each scape, before joining “interocular ridge”. Postocular ridge (pocr) strongly developed posteriorly but fading laterally near ocelli and faint or absent along dorsal margin of ocular sclerite. “Interocular ridge (ioc)” distinct anteriorly and posteriorly but only faint in between, extending from posterior end of postocular ridge anteriorly across ocular sclerite, fusing anteriorly with ventral end of preocular ridge, and then appearing to extend ventrally to fuse with posterior end of median crest. Dorsal ocular setae and ventral head setae absent. Preoral ridge (pror) well developed. Cranial apophysis (ca) present but shape unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6C46112CACF985FC42D02D" blockId="67.[151,1437,755,2042]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112CACF985FEFCD161" bold="true" box="[199,311,1547,1574]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Antennae</emphasis>
: 10-segmented, each flagellar segment rather club-shaped; each antenna
<date id="FFA57DB20A6C46112835F985FB1CD161" box="[1118,1239,1547,1574]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1100" valueMax="1175">1100–1175</date>
μm long (ratio of total body length to antennal length 1:0.57). Scape (scp) wider than long: 62–75 μm long, 83 μm wide, with 3 hs dor- sally and 1 hs ventrally. Pedicel (pdc): length 95–100 μm, width 60–65 μm; with concentric ridges on distal end; with 4–7 hs + a campaniform pore. Segments III–X all much broader distally where each 50–58 μm wide; lengths of seg- ments (μm): III 155–160; IV 128–158; V 115–140; VI 105–125; VII 100–115; VIII 95–108 and IX 100–105; fs each 10–14 long, 3 μm wide; approximate number of setae per segment: III 13–27 fs + 10 or 11 hs; IV 28 fs, 6 or 7 hs + 1 caps; V 22–29, 3–5 hs + 2 or 3 caps; VI 19–27 fs, 1 or 2 hs + 3 or 4 caps; VII 19–25 fs, 2 hs + 4 caps; VIII: 16–19 fs, 0 hs, 4 or 5 caps + 1 antennal bristle near anterior end (similar to fs but longer); IX: 10 fs, 0 hs, 5 caps + 1 bristle near anterior end. Segment X not constricted apically: length 105–110 μm; with 4 caps, 6 or 7 fs, 3 large bristles + 2 small bristles on apical third; with 2 sensilla basiconica (sb) on distal 1/3rd.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6C46112CACF8FAFEEDD0BD" blockId="67.[151,1437,755,2042]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112CACF8FAFED5D0C9" bold="true" box="[199,286,1908,1934]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Thorax</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6C46112D45F8FAFE6ED0C9" bold="true" box="[302,421,1908,1934]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Prothorax</emphasis>
: pronotal ridge (prnr) well-developed but not fused medially on dorsum; pronotal sclerite (prn) extending laterally, without lateral pronotal setae (lpns). Sternum (stn
<subScript id="179F59370A6C46112FA5F827FC1DD0F0" attach="left" box="[974,982,1961,1975]" fontSize="6" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">1</subScript>
) lightly sclerotised; median ridge absent; transverse ridge well sclerotised. Proepisternum + cervical sclerites well developed and broad posteriorly.All setae and pores absent.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF640BFA0A6B46162CFCF80AFAA9D0DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774222" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774222" box="[151,1378,1924,1949]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774222/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" startId="68.[151,248,1924,1949]" targetBox="[162,1436,192,1894]" targetPageId="68">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6B46162CFCF80AFAA9D0DA" blockId="68.[151,1378,1924,1949]" box="[151,1378,1924,1949]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6B46162CFCF80AFED6D0DA" bold="true" box="[151,285,1924,1949]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6B46162D48F80BFDFFD0DA" authority="(Costa)" baseAuthorityName="Costa" box="[291,564,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6B46162D48F80BFE28D0DA" box="[291,483,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Dactylopius coccus</emphasis>
(Costa)
</taxonomicName>
. Macropterous male. (
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6B46162F64F80AFC54D0DA" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[783,927,1924,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dactylopiidae</taxonomicName>
). Where P=spur-like seta and T=microtrichia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6A46172CACFF17FEA0D588" blockId="69.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6A46172CACFF17FE98D7F4" bold="true" box="[199,339,153,179]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Mesothorax</emphasis>
: prescutum (prsc) oval, 175 μm long, 230–260 μm wide; sclerotised but not reticulated; prescutal ridge (pscr) well developed anteriorly but fading posteriorly; prescutal suture (pscs) poorly developed; with 1 or 2 pairs of hs prescutal setae (prscs). Scutum (sct): median area sclerotised, not reticulated, 62 μm long; scutal setae (scts): with about 6 or 7 hs on each side; lateral margins sclerotised but not reticulated; without a distinct sclerotised invagination on anterior margin near prealare; prealare ridge (pra) well developed. Scutellum (scl) 220–235 μm wide, 115–130 μm long; without a scutellar ridge (sclr) but with a large foramen; scutellar setae (scls): 2 or 3 hs on each side, of which 1 generally rather long; postnotal wing process (pnp) quite broad. Basisternum (stn
<subScript id="179F59370A6A4617286AFE0CFBC2D6D7" attach="left" box="[1025,1033,386,400]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">2</subScript>
) 570 μm wide, 175 μm long; without a median ridge; bounded anteriorly by a strong marginal ridge (mr) and posteriorly by strong precoxal ridges (pcr
<subScript id="179F59370A6A461729E8FE28FA40D6F3" attach="left" box="[1411,1419,422,436]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">2</subScript>
); without basisternal setae; lateropleurite (lpl) broad, with an extension from marginal ridge along anterior margin and with 2 setae along margin with basisternum; furca (f) particularly well developed, quite broadly waisted, arms very divergent and extending to (or past) marginal ridge anteriorly. Mesopostnotum (pn
<subScript id="179F59370A6A46172F97FD9CFBCFD567" attach="left" box="[1020,1028,530,544]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">2</subScript>
) well developed; postnotal apophysis (pna) well developed. Area bounded anteriorly by scutellum and laterally and posteriorly by mesopostnotum membranous. Mesepisternum (eps
<subScript id="179F59370A6A46172DDCFDD4FE74D52F" attach="left" box="[439,447,602,616]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">2</subScript>
) not reticulated; subepisternal ridge (ser) long and well developed. Postalare (pa) without reticulations and without postalare setae. Mesothoracic spiracle (sp
<subScript id="179F59370A6A46172F1BFDF0FCB3D5CB" attach="right" box="[880,888,638,652]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">2</subScript>
): width of peritreme about 45 μm, without associ- ated loculate pores. Postmesospiracular setae (pm
<subScript id="179F59370A6A46172EDAFD2CFD72D5F7" attach="both" box="[689,697,674,688]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">2</subScript>
s): 3 or 4 hs posterior to each spiracle. Tegula (teg) present, with 5–7 tegular setae (tegs).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6A46172CACFD57FDFCD48C" blockId="69.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6A46172CACFD57FE9AD5B4" bold="true" box="[199,337,729,755]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Metathorax</emphasis>
: with 5–8 hs metatergal setae (mts) on each side, well spaced, and with 2 dorsospiracular setae on each side; metapostnotal sclerite (pn
<subScript id="179F59370A6A46172E4BFC80FDE3D45B" attach="left" box="[544,552,782,796]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">3</subScript>
) indistinct or absent. Dorsal part of metapleural ridge (plr
<subScript id="179F59370A6A461728F2FC80FB6AD45B" attach="left" box="[1177,1185,782,796]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">3</subScript>
) absent; ventral part of plr
<subScript id="179F59370A6A46172CDEFCBCFF76D407" attach="left" box="[181,189,818,832]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">3</subScript>
well developed; episternum (eps
<subScript id="179F59370A6A46172E4CFCBCFDE4D407" attach="left" box="[551,559,818,832]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">3</subScript>
) only lightly sclerotised, without postmetaspiracular setae; precoxal ridge (pcr
<subScript id="179F59370A6A461729E0FCBCFA58D407" attach="left" box="[1419,1427,818,832]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">3</subScript>
) poorly developed; metasternal apophyses (sta) distinct but shallow. Metepimeron (epm
<subScript id="179F59370A6A46172835FCD8FBADD423" attach="left" box="[1118,1126,854,868]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">3</subScript>
) sclerotised and quite long, but without setae. Antemetaspiracular setae absent. Metathoracic spiracle (sp
<subScript id="179F59370A6A46172F81FCF4FC39D4CF" attach="left" box="[1002,1010,890,904]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">3</subScript>
): width of peritreme 20–23 μm, with- out loculate pores. Metasternum (stn
<subScript id="179F59370A6A46172E42FC10FDFAD4EB" attach="left" box="[553,561,926,940]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">3</subScript>
) membranous, without anterior metasternal setae (amss) but with 2–4 posterior metasternal setae (pmss) on each side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6A46172CACFC5AFDC4D370" blockId="69.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6A46172CACFC5AFEDAD4A8" bold="true" box="[199,273,980,1007]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Wings</emphasis>
: hyaline, about 2075 μm long, 875 μm wide (ratio of length to width 1:0.42; ratio of total body length to wing length 1:1.03); alar lobe (al) poorly developed; alar setae (als) and sensoria (sens) absent; microtrichia noticeably sparse. Hamulohalteres (h) absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6A46172CACFBCFFC72D23C" blockId="69.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6A46172CACFBCFFF35D31C" bold="true" box="[199,254,1089,1115]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Legs</emphasis>
: subequal in length. Coxae (cx) (lengths in μm): I 165–170; II 190; III 178–185; setae of coxa III: about 5 hs; long setae on each coxa not differentiated. Trochanter (tr) + femur (fm): I 365–400; II 360–390; III 375–395 long; trochanter III with about 4 hs; each trochanter with 3 circular sensoria arranged in a triangle; long trochanter seta
<quantity id="4CE3F6970A6A46172933FB06FF77D380" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="60.0" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="55.0">55–65 µm</quantity>
long; femur III with about 17 hs. Tibia (ti): I 185–205; II 295–305; III 310–325; tibia III with 5–9 hs + 6–11 small spur-like setae; with 2 apical spurs (tibs) on each tibia. Tarsi (ta) 2 segmented; lengths I 185–205; II 170–190; III 180– 190 (ratio of length of tibia III to length of tarsus III 1:0.59); tarsus III with hs + 8–12 small spur-like setae; tarsal spurs not differentiated; tarsal campaniform pore present; tarsal digitules (tdt) subequal to length of claw with small capitate apices. Claws (c) long and thin, nearly twice width of tarsus, almost straight, without a denticle; length: III: 41–44 μm; claw digitules (cdt) subequal to length of claw, with small capitate apices.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6A46172CACFA0AFD88D168" blockId="69.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6A46172CACFA0AFEF2D2D8" bold="true" box="[199,313,1412,1439]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Abdomen</emphasis>
: segments I–VII: tergites (at) and sternites (as) unsclerotised except for narrow sclerotisations dorsally on anterior margins of segments I and II. Caudal extension (ce) on segment VII absent. Without loculate pores. Dorsal setae (ads): segments I–VII 3–7 hs on each side. Pleural setae: dorsopleural setae (dps) on each side: I with 1 hs; II–VII each with 2 hs; ventropleural setae (vps) (on each side): I–VII each with 1 hs. Ventral setae (avs) (on each side): II 2; III–VII each with 5 hs. Ostioles absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6A46172CACF9B7FADDD1F8" blockId="69.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Segment VIII: tergite (at) lightly sclerotised medially, with 2–4 ante-anal setae (aas) on each side; sternite (as) with a small sclerotisation anterolaterally and with 2 pairs of hs ventral abdominal setae (avs); caudal extension (ce) rounded, with about 5 or 6 hs pleural setae. Glandular pouches (gp) present, apparently quite deep, each with a compact group of 4-locular pores; each pouch with 2 very short, truncated glandular pouch setae (gls), each 40–75 μm long.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6A46172CACF946FE06D0FC" blockId="69.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6A46172CACF946FE45D1A4" bold="true" box="[199,398,1736,1763]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Genital segments</emphasis>
: penial sheath (ps) short, narrowly triangular and blunt; 270–295 μm long, 185 μm widest. Seg- ment IX with anal opening large, about 50 μm wide, with a group of 4–6 setae medially, each 16–30 μm long; style with ventral surface rather membranous antero-medially, with 7–14 short setae on each side at anterior end, each 10–12 μm long. Basal ridge (brps) well developed. Aedeagus parallel-sided, extending almost to end of style, 100 μm long, about 25 μm wide at apex. Basal rod distinct, about 85 μm long to anterior end of aedeagus, extending posteriorly to about half-way to anterior margin of basal ridge. Posterior margins of style with 4–6 very short setae (psp) on each side and a few sensilla (psp) on apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF640BFA0A6946142CFCF817FE3BD091" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774224/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" startId="70.[151,248,1945,1970]" targetBox="[181,1401,184,1916]" targetPageId="70">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6946142CFCF817FE3BD091" blockId="70.[151,1436,1945,2006]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6946142CFCF817FED5D0F5" bold="true" box="[151,286,1945,1970]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6946142D4FF814FDBCD0F5" authority="(Lamark)" baseAuthorityName="de Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[292,631,1945,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6946142D4FF814FDDBD0F6" box="[292,528,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Dactylopius tomentosus</emphasis>
(Lamark)
</taxonomicName>
. Macropterous male. (
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6946142F3FF817FC2FD0F5" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[852,996,1945,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dactylopiidae</taxonomicName>
). Where A=cranial apophysis, D=fleshy seta and X=pore-like structure on head.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90A6846152CACFF16FC8FD524" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6846152CACFF16FE1BD6CC" blockId="71.[151,1437,152,611]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6846152CACFF16FE89D7F4" bold="true" box="[199,322,152,179]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Comment.</emphasis>
The above description is similar to that of
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A6846152F7EFF17FB5CD7F4" author="Perez Guerra and Kosztarab" box="[789,1175,153,179]" firstAuthor="Perez Guerra" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref210353" refString="Perez Guerra, G. &amp; Kosztarab, M. P. (1992) Biosystematics of the family Dactylopiidae (Homoptera: Coccinea) with emphasis on the life cycle of Dactylopius coccus Costa. Bulletin of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, 92 - 1, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1992">Pérez Guerra and Kosztarab (1992)</bibRefCitation>
as far as the latter goes. However, their specimens were apparently up to
<quantity id="4CE3F6970A6846152EC8FF32FD3ED790" box="[675,757,188,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CE3F6970A6846152F36FF32FC7BD790" box="[861,944,188,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
wide across the thorax (huge by the standards of most neococcoids). Indeed, all their measurements seem to be 2 or more times greater than those above. They also illustrate a strong postocular ridge on the dorsal surface of the head; a seta on the ocular sclerite; antemesospiracular setae as present and setae on the membranous area posterior to the scutellum. None of these characters were noted on either the above specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6846152D89FEC0FD85D620" box="[482,590,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6846152D89FEC0FD85D620" box="[482,590,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">D. coccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor on the two species studied by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A6846152FADFEC3FBA4D62F" author="Loubser" box="[966,1135,333,360]" firstAuthor="Loubser" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref207675" refString="Loubser, H. J. M. (1966) A study on the morphology and taxonomy of the males of two Dactylopius species (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). M. S. Thesis in Agriculture, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 106 pp." type="book" year="1966">Loubser (1966)</bibRefCitation>
nor on the specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A68461529EAFEC0FED9D6CC" baseAuthorityName="de Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A68461529EAFEC0FED9D6CC" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">D. tomentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
discussed below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A6846152CACFE1BFC8FD524" blockId="71.[151,1437,152,611]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
The adult male of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6846152DFCFE18FCD9D6E8" authority="(de Lamarck 1801)" baseAuthorityName="de Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[407,786,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6846152DFCFE18FDFED6E8" box="[407,565,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">D. tomentosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A6846152E2EFE1BFCC1D6E8" author="de Lamarck" box="[581,778,405,431]" firstAuthor="de Lamarck" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref206906" refString="de Lamarck, J. B. (1801) Cochenille. Coccus. Systeme des Animaux sans Vertebres. Chez l'auteur, Paris, 300 pp." type="book" year="1801">de Lamarck 1801</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is also illustrated (
<figureCitation id="132047F70A6846152F8CFE1BFBF3D6E8" box="[999,1080,404,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="70.[151,248,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[181,1401,184,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[180,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 25. Dactylopius tomentosus (Lamark). Macropterous male. (Dactylopiidae). Where A=cranial apophysis, D=fleshy seta and X=pore-like structure on head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774224/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
) [
<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20A6846152824FE1BFB40D6E8" box="[1103,1163,405,431]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">USA</collectingCountry>
, Southern
<collectingRegion id="49DF95900A6846152968FE1BFABFD6E8" box="[1283,1396,405,431]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">California</collectingRegion>
, on
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6846152CFCFE37FE4BD694" box="[151,384,441,467]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinocarpa">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6846152CFCFE37FE4BD694" box="[151,384,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Opuntia echinocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFA57DB20A6846152DE5FE37FE24D694" box="[398,495,441,467]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1924-10-01">1.x.1924</date>
, A.P. Dodd (USNM)]. The adult male of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A6846152FDFFE34FB9AD694" baseAuthorityName="de Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[948,1105,442,467]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A6846152FDFFE34FB9AD694" box="[948,1105,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">D. tomentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A684615295BFE34FA56D694" box="[1328,1437,442,467]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A684615295BFE34FA56D694" box="[1328,1437,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">D. coccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having: (i) an interrupted interocular ridge; (ii) many fewer hs on each antennal segment and few capitate setae; (iii) nodulations apparent on prescutum and scutum; (iv) more scutal setae; (v) alar setae present, and (vi) fewer setae across each abdominal segment, both dorsally and ventrally. It also had a loculate structure on the head associated with the dorsal mid-cranial ridge although its homologies are uncertain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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