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<mods:title id="3420E550AED10CDDF313CE748505FD57">Volatile constituents of Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). Compositional multivariate analysis of volatile oils from Southern Brazilian species in the subtribe Disynaphiinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="97BD44611AE109929654CD2B1D94D511">de Souza, Tiago J. T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="44A0D66263E690FD27FAB9C404095C84">* &amp; Faculdade de Farm´acia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610 - 000, Porto Alegre, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1AA2A50074F669EB24A9DBAE553CE412">Bordignon, ergio A. L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BAE303DA971964692F55537FB0F296E3">Programa de P´os-Graduaç ˜ ao em Avaliaç ˜ ao de Impactos Ambientais, Centro Universit´ario La Salle, Canoas, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="61939864BFA6AABBA558E39C078E36CC">Apel, Miriam A.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BEE3690C317FFD1FE094B36FBC0FACD" blockId="2.[818,1488,1019,1959]" box="[849,1047,1325,1344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C317FFD1FE094B36FBC0FACD" ID-CoL="3HBWH" authority="(Hook. &amp; Arn.)" baseAuthorityName="Hook. &amp; Arn." box="[849,1047,1325,1344]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Grazielia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nummularia">
<emphasis id="B925EA82C317FFD1FE094B36FBC0FACD" bold="true" box="[849,1047,1325,1344]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Grazielia nummularia</emphasis>
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(syn.
<emphasis id="B925EA82C317FFD1F90E4B36FC49FAD1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C317FFD1F90E4B36FA94FACD" authorityName="Hook. &amp; Arn." box="[1110,1347,1325,1344]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatorium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nummularium">Eupatorium nummularium</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C317FFD1F8094B36FC49FAD1" authorityName="Hook. &amp; Arn." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dimorpholepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nummularia">Dimorpholepis nummularia</taxonomicName>
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),
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<paragraph id="8BEE3690C317FFD0FEEA4B51FEF3FB68" blockId="2.[818,1488,1019,1959]" lastBlockId="3.[100,770,1234,1978]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
a
<quantity id="4CA99B75C317FFD1FE9B4B51FBF6FAD0" box="[963,1057,1354,1373]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="0.6" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.3">0.30.9 m</quantity>
tall, low-branched, white-flowered sub-shrub native to Southern
<collectingCountry id="F3467600C317FFD1FEA84B7EFBF0FAF5" box="[1008,1063,1381,1400]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Parana´and
<collectingRegion id="4995F872C317FFD1F9E84B7EFABEFAF5" box="[1200,1385,1381,1400]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
), which is anatomically very similar and exhibits the same geographical distribution as
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C317FFD1FE244B86FBE7FA3D" box="[892,1072,1437,1456]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Grazielia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gaudichaudieana">
<emphasis id="B925EA82C317FFD1FE244B86FBE7FA3D" bold="true" box="[892,1072,1437,1456]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. gaudichaudieana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C317FFD1F9184B86FAE1FA3D" author="King and Robinson" box="[1088,1334,1437,1456]" firstAuthor="King" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="581" refId="ref15390" refString="King, R. M., Robinson, H., 1987. The genera of Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). In: Lawrence: Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden. Missouri Bot. Gard. Press, St Louis, MO, USA 581." type="book chapter" year="1987">King and Robinson, 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B61C317FFD1F81D4B86FCB5FA41" author="Matzenbacher" firstAuthor="Matzenbacher" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref15961" refString="Matzenbacher, N. I., 1979. Estudo Taxonomico Do Genero Eupatorium L. (Compositae) No Rio Grande Do Sul. Universidade de Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." type="book" year="1979">Matzenbacher, 1979</bibRefCitation>
), was collected in Sapiranga (2006). The VOs in its leaves/inflorescences are also qualitatively and quantitatively very similar to those obtained from
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C317FFD1FEB74BEAFB48F98E" box="[1007,1183,1520,1540]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Grazielia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gaudichaudieana">
<emphasis id="B925EA82C317FFD1FEB74BEAFB48F98E" bold="true" box="[1007,1183,1520,1540]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. gaudichaudieana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hydrocarbon monoterpenes are the main fraction (78.9%) and are composed of the same substances that make up the VOs in
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C317FFD1F9534832FB15F9B6" box="[1035,1218,1576,1596]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Grazielia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gaudichaudieana">
<emphasis id="B925EA82C317FFD1F9534832FB15F9B6" bold="true" box="[1035,1218,1576,1596]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. gaudichaudieana</emphasis>
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(α- pinene, 8.5%; β- pinene, 20.5%; and limonene, 36.5%). The sesquiterpene fraction is very similar to that of the
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C317FFD1FEEA487AFBB3F9FE" box="[946,1124,1632,1652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Grazielia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gaudichaudieana">
G.
<emphasis id="B925EA82C317FFD1FE95487BFBB3F9FE" bold="true" box="[973,1124,1632,1651]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">gaudichaudieana</emphasis>
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sample obtained from Canela/05 with 10.1
<emphasis id="B925EA82C317FFD1FE3B4867FCA2F902" bold="true" box="[867,885,1660,1679]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">vs</emphasis>
11.3% germacrene D. The VOs obtained from the branches of
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C317FFD1FE6A4883FC6FF926" box="[818,952,1688,1707]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dimorpholepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nummularia">
<emphasis id="B925EA82C317FFD1FE6A4883FC6FF926" bold="true" box="[818,952,1688,1707]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. nummularia</emphasis>
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present some quantitative differences when compared to the plant s leaves: A lower percentage of pinenes (α- pinene, 2.8%; β- pinene, 10.0%) and a higher percentage of para-cymene (5.5%
<emphasis id="B925EA82C317FFD1F8D148CBFA4CF96E" bold="true" box="[1417,1435,1744,1763]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">vs</emphasis>
1.8% in the leaves/inflorescences), the percentage of limonene was similar in both subsamples (31.5
<emphasis id="B925EA82C317FFD1F94A4913FBF3F896" bold="true" box="[1042,1060,1800,1819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">vs</emphasis>
36.5%), and the hydrocarbon sesquiterpene germacrene D was higher in the branches (26.3% vs. 10.1%). This is the first piece of evidence showing that the lesser-known
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C317FFD1F86A4924FA6EF8DF" box="[1330,1465,1855,1874]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dimorpholepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nummularia">
<emphasis id="B925EA82C317FFD1F86A4924FA6EF8DF" bold="true" box="[1330,1465,1855,1874]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. nummularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not only botanically and geographically, but also chemically similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C514D13C317FFD1FE6A496CFC32F807" box="[818,997,1911,1930]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Grazielia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gaudichaudieana">
<emphasis id="B925EA82C317FFD1FE6A496CFC32F807" bold="true" box="[818,997,1911,1930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. gaudichaudieana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, suggesting that the bouquet of volatile terpenes is likely to exert similar functions in the biological interactions of both species with insects.
</paragraph>
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