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<document id="DDE903A1837DD3142A7B4F885872F24D" ID-CLB-Dataset="3797" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.524.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2b146d0d-5ab7-43ff-aa0e-1c2d5a4bb1e2" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5606530" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1635404947491" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sherwood, Alison R., Cabrera, Feresa P., Spalding, Heather L., Alvarado, Erika A., Smith, Celia M., Hauk, Brian B., Matadobra, Stephen J., Kosaki, Randall K. &amp; Paiano, Monica O." docDate="2021" docId="03E96803FFD3E008B1ABA05CFE9AFE4F" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.524.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 524 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Seiria mesophotica A. R. Sherwood 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFD0107BFFD5E002B123A660FFD3FF97" masterDocTitle="Biodiversity of Hawaiian Peyssonneliales (Peyssonneliaceae, Rhodophyta): new species in the genera Incendia and Seiria" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="14" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1699465062896" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="9F51793EBA7BAE756EA8DD63FCABFA18">Biodiversity of Hawaiian Peyssonneliales (Peyssonneliaceae, Rhodophyta): new species in the genera Incendia and Seiria</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2F26755184C690A2059522F25059FDDE">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E96803FFD3E008B1ABA05CFE9AFE4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606532" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189546312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5606532" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E96803FFD3E008B1ABA05CFE9AFE4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E96803FFD3E008B1ABA05CFE9AFE4F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C40A296FFD3E004B1ABA05CFDCAF9C1" authority="A.R. Sherwood" authorityName="A. R. Sherwood" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,537,1596,1623]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Peyssonneliaceae" genus="Seiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Peyssonneliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="mesophotica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFD3E004B1ABA05CFEB6F9C0" bold="true" box="[136,357,1596,1623]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Seiria mesophotica</emphasis>
A.R. Sherwood
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A207B87CFFD3E004B303A05DFDA6F9C1" box="[544,629,1597,1622]" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="137BC590FFD3E004B3A0A05CFD27F9C0" box="[643,756,1596,1623]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,213,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[151,1436,190,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habit and morphology of Seiria mesophotica sp. nov. (A). Image of specimen fragments (BISH 780873) immediately after collection. (B). Image of specimen (BISH 780874) immediately after collection. (C). Radial vertical section (RVS) through thallus illustrating the basal hypothallus (arrow), and perithallial assurgent filaments (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). (D). RVS showing large lower perithallial cells (arrows) (BISH 780873). (E). RVS illustrating small, quasi-isodiametric uppermost perithallial cells (arrows) and thick cuticle (arrowhead) (BISH 780874). (F). RVS showing unicellular rhizoids extending from the basal hypothallus (BISH 780873). (G). View of the underside of the crust, illustrating the parallel files of cells comprising the hypothallus (BISH 780873). (H). View of the top surface of the crust, showing regularly sized cells, and a lack of hair cells (BISH 780873). (I). RVS through a tetrasporangial nemathecium, with immature (arrow) and mature (arrowhead) tetrasporangia (BISH 780873). (J). Close up of a tetrasporangial nemathecium, illustrating a tetrasporangium (arrow) and paraphyses consisting of up to nine cells (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). Scale bars: A-B = 1 cm; C-H = 50 µm; I = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4A–J</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B9340507FFD3E004B1ABA0E8FF11F90A" bold="true" box="[136,194,1672,1693]" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Type:</emphasis>
—
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depth
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. Spalding
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(
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;
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09666; field code
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-cont.8-#328)
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<paragraph id="8BFFD915FFD3E005B1ABA090FC45FEB3" blockId="6.[136,1452,1776,2091]" lastBlockId="7.[136,1452,158,293]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">
Description: Thallus crustose, prostrate, on coral rubble, brick red to dark, brownish maroon in color (
<figureCitation id="137BC590FFD3E004B40BA090FA4CF89C" box="[1320,1439,1776,1803]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,213,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[151,1436,190,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habit and morphology of Seiria mesophotica sp. nov. (A). Image of specimen fragments (BISH 780873) immediately after collection. (B). Image of specimen (BISH 780874) immediately after collection. (C). Radial vertical section (RVS) through thallus illustrating the basal hypothallus (arrow), and perithallial assurgent filaments (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). (D). RVS showing large lower perithallial cells (arrows) (BISH 780873). (E). RVS illustrating small, quasi-isodiametric uppermost perithallial cells (arrows) and thick cuticle (arrowhead) (BISH 780874). (F). RVS showing unicellular rhizoids extending from the basal hypothallus (BISH 780873). (G). View of the underside of the crust, illustrating the parallel files of cells comprising the hypothallus (BISH 780873). (H). View of the top surface of the crust, showing regularly sized cells, and a lack of hair cells (BISH 780873). (I). RVS through a tetrasporangial nemathecium, with immature (arrow) and mature (arrowhead) tetrasporangia (BISH 780873). (J). Close up of a tetrasporangial nemathecium, illustrating a tetrasporangium (arrow) and paraphyses consisting of up to nine cells (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). Scale bars: A-B = 1 cm; C-H = 50 µm; I = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4A,B</figureCitation>
). Thallus moderately to heavily calcified, somewhat lobed or entire, mostly to completely adherent to substratum. Crusts thin, typically approximately 100 µm, ranging from 80–180 µm (
<figureCitation id="137BC590FFD3E004B2A3A158FC2EF8C4" box="[896,1021,1848,1875]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,213,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[151,1436,190,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habit and morphology of Seiria mesophotica sp. nov. (A). Image of specimen fragments (BISH 780873) immediately after collection. (B). Image of specimen (BISH 780874) immediately after collection. (C). Radial vertical section (RVS) through thallus illustrating the basal hypothallus (arrow), and perithallial assurgent filaments (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). (D). RVS showing large lower perithallial cells (arrows) (BISH 780873). (E). RVS illustrating small, quasi-isodiametric uppermost perithallial cells (arrows) and thick cuticle (arrowhead) (BISH 780874). (F). RVS showing unicellular rhizoids extending from the basal hypothallus (BISH 780873). (G). View of the underside of the crust, illustrating the parallel files of cells comprising the hypothallus (BISH 780873). (H). View of the top surface of the crust, showing regularly sized cells, and a lack of hair cells (BISH 780873). (I). RVS through a tetrasporangial nemathecium, with immature (arrow) and mature (arrowhead) tetrasporangia (BISH 780873). (J). Close up of a tetrasporangial nemathecium, illustrating a tetrasporangium (arrow) and paraphyses consisting of up to nine cells (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). Scale bars: A-B = 1 cm; C-H = 50 µm; I = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4C–E</figureCitation>
). Hypothallus filaments consisting of parallel files of cells (
<figureCitation id="137BC590FFD3E004B058A13CFE07F8E0" box="[379,468,1884,1911]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,213,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[151,1436,190,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habit and morphology of Seiria mesophotica sp. nov. (A). Image of specimen fragments (BISH 780873) immediately after collection. (B). Image of specimen (BISH 780874) immediately after collection. (C). Radial vertical section (RVS) through thallus illustrating the basal hypothallus (arrow), and perithallial assurgent filaments (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). (D). RVS showing large lower perithallial cells (arrows) (BISH 780873). (E). RVS illustrating small, quasi-isodiametric uppermost perithallial cells (arrows) and thick cuticle (arrowhead) (BISH 780874). (F). RVS showing unicellular rhizoids extending from the basal hypothallus (BISH 780873). (G). View of the underside of the crust, illustrating the parallel files of cells comprising the hypothallus (BISH 780873). (H). View of the top surface of the crust, showing regularly sized cells, and a lack of hair cells (BISH 780873). (I). RVS through a tetrasporangial nemathecium, with immature (arrow) and mature (arrowhead) tetrasporangia (BISH 780873). (J). Close up of a tetrasporangial nemathecium, illustrating a tetrasporangium (arrow) and paraphyses consisting of up to nine cells (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). Scale bars: A-B = 1 cm; C-H = 50 µm; I = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
), mostly unbranched, cells 4.6–8.8 µm in width and 18.2–27.7 µm in height, giving rise to perithallial assurgent filaments above and rhizoids below. Perithallial assurgent filaments arising at 60–90º angle from hypothallus (
<figureCitation id="137BC590FFD3E004B076A1C4FE1EF828" box="[341,461,1956,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,213,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[151,1436,190,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habit and morphology of Seiria mesophotica sp. nov. (A). Image of specimen fragments (BISH 780873) immediately after collection. (B). Image of specimen (BISH 780874) immediately after collection. (C). Radial vertical section (RVS) through thallus illustrating the basal hypothallus (arrow), and perithallial assurgent filaments (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). (D). RVS showing large lower perithallial cells (arrows) (BISH 780873). (E). RVS illustrating small, quasi-isodiametric uppermost perithallial cells (arrows) and thick cuticle (arrowhead) (BISH 780874). (F). RVS showing unicellular rhizoids extending from the basal hypothallus (BISH 780873). (G). View of the underside of the crust, illustrating the parallel files of cells comprising the hypothallus (BISH 780873). (H). View of the top surface of the crust, showing regularly sized cells, and a lack of hair cells (BISH 780873). (I). RVS through a tetrasporangial nemathecium, with immature (arrow) and mature (arrowhead) tetrasporangia (BISH 780873). (J). Close up of a tetrasporangial nemathecium, illustrating a tetrasporangium (arrow) and paraphyses consisting of up to nine cells (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). Scale bars: A-B = 1 cm; C-H = 50 µm; I = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4C–E</figureCitation>
). Perithallus thin, composed of short filaments that are mostly 4–8 cells long (
<figureCitation id="137BC590FFD3E004B40BA1C4FA73F828" box="[1320,1440,1956,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,213,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[151,1436,190,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habit and morphology of Seiria mesophotica sp. nov. (A). Image of specimen fragments (BISH 780873) immediately after collection. (B). Image of specimen (BISH 780874) immediately after collection. (C). Radial vertical section (RVS) through thallus illustrating the basal hypothallus (arrow), and perithallial assurgent filaments (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). (D). RVS showing large lower perithallial cells (arrows) (BISH 780873). (E). RVS illustrating small, quasi-isodiametric uppermost perithallial cells (arrows) and thick cuticle (arrowhead) (BISH 780874). (F). RVS showing unicellular rhizoids extending from the basal hypothallus (BISH 780873). (G). View of the underside of the crust, illustrating the parallel files of cells comprising the hypothallus (BISH 780873). (H). View of the top surface of the crust, showing regularly sized cells, and a lack of hair cells (BISH 780873). (I). RVS through a tetrasporangial nemathecium, with immature (arrow) and mature (arrowhead) tetrasporangia (BISH 780873). (J). Close up of a tetrasporangial nemathecium, illustrating a tetrasporangium (arrow) and paraphyses consisting of up to nine cells (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). Scale bars: A-B = 1 cm; C-H = 50 µm; I = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4C–E</figureCitation>
). Lower perithallial cells taller than broad, 14.5–24.8 µm in height × 5.9–8.0 µm in width (
<figureCitation id="137BC590FFD3E004B5A7A1A8FB33F874" box="[1156,1248,1992,2019]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,213,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[151,1436,190,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habit and morphology of Seiria mesophotica sp. nov. (A). Image of specimen fragments (BISH 780873) immediately after collection. (B). Image of specimen (BISH 780874) immediately after collection. (C). Radial vertical section (RVS) through thallus illustrating the basal hypothallus (arrow), and perithallial assurgent filaments (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). (D). RVS showing large lower perithallial cells (arrows) (BISH 780873). (E). RVS illustrating small, quasi-isodiametric uppermost perithallial cells (arrows) and thick cuticle (arrowhead) (BISH 780874). (F). RVS showing unicellular rhizoids extending from the basal hypothallus (BISH 780873). (G). View of the underside of the crust, illustrating the parallel files of cells comprising the hypothallus (BISH 780873). (H). View of the top surface of the crust, showing regularly sized cells, and a lack of hair cells (BISH 780873). (I). RVS through a tetrasporangial nemathecium, with immature (arrow) and mature (arrowhead) tetrasporangia (BISH 780873). (J). Close up of a tetrasporangial nemathecium, illustrating a tetrasporangium (arrow) and paraphyses consisting of up to nine cells (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). Scale bars: A-B = 1 cm; C-H = 50 µm; I = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Perithallial cells becoming shorter towards upper portion of perithallus. Mid-perithallial fusion cells absent. Uppermost perithallial cells quasi-isodiametric, 7.8–15.8 µm width × 5.0–9.3 µm height (
<figureCitation id="137BC590FFD3E004B2B3AE70FC38F7BC" box="[912,1003,2064,2091]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,213,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[151,1436,190,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habit and morphology of Seiria mesophotica sp. nov. (A). Image of specimen fragments (BISH 780873) immediately after collection. (B). Image of specimen (BISH 780874) immediately after collection. (C). Radial vertical section (RVS) through thallus illustrating the basal hypothallus (arrow), and perithallial assurgent filaments (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). (D). RVS showing large lower perithallial cells (arrows) (BISH 780873). (E). RVS illustrating small, quasi-isodiametric uppermost perithallial cells (arrows) and thick cuticle (arrowhead) (BISH 780874). (F). RVS showing unicellular rhizoids extending from the basal hypothallus (BISH 780873). (G). View of the underside of the crust, illustrating the parallel files of cells comprising the hypothallus (BISH 780873). (H). View of the top surface of the crust, showing regularly sized cells, and a lack of hair cells (BISH 780873). (I). RVS through a tetrasporangial nemathecium, with immature (arrow) and mature (arrowhead) tetrasporangia (BISH 780873). (J). Close up of a tetrasporangial nemathecium, illustrating a tetrasporangium (arrow) and paraphyses consisting of up to nine cells (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). Scale bars: A-B = 1 cm; C-H = 50 µm; I = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606544/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Cuticle on surface of perithallus 4–8 µm thick (
<figureCitation id="137BC590FFD2E005B022A6FEFEAEFF2F" box="[257,381,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,213,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[151,1436,190,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habit and morphology of Seiria mesophotica sp. nov. (A). Image of specimen fragments (BISH 780873) immediately after collection. (B). Image of specimen (BISH 780874) immediately after collection. (C). Radial vertical section (RVS) through thallus illustrating the basal hypothallus (arrow), and perithallial assurgent filaments (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). (D). RVS showing large lower perithallial cells (arrows) (BISH 780873). (E). RVS illustrating small, quasi-isodiametric uppermost perithallial cells (arrows) and thick cuticle (arrowhead) (BISH 780874). (F). RVS showing unicellular rhizoids extending from the basal hypothallus (BISH 780873). (G). View of the underside of the crust, illustrating the parallel files of cells comprising the hypothallus (BISH 780873). (H). View of the top surface of the crust, showing regularly sized cells, and a lack of hair cells (BISH 780873). (I). RVS through a tetrasporangial nemathecium, with immature (arrow) and mature (arrowhead) tetrasporangia (BISH 780873). (J). Close up of a tetrasporangial nemathecium, illustrating a tetrasporangium (arrow) and paraphyses consisting of up to nine cells (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). Scale bars: A-B = 1 cm; C-H = 50 µm; I = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606544/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4C–E</figureCitation>
). Rhizoids 5.4–8.8 µm diameter, mostly short to medium length, unbranched, and unicellular (
<figureCitation id="137BC590FFD2E005B1B3A6A2FF34FF4B" box="[144,231,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,213,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[151,1436,190,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habit and morphology of Seiria mesophotica sp. nov. (A). Image of specimen fragments (BISH 780873) immediately after collection. (B). Image of specimen (BISH 780874) immediately after collection. (C). Radial vertical section (RVS) through thallus illustrating the basal hypothallus (arrow), and perithallial assurgent filaments (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). (D). RVS showing large lower perithallial cells (arrows) (BISH 780873). (E). RVS illustrating small, quasi-isodiametric uppermost perithallial cells (arrows) and thick cuticle (arrowhead) (BISH 780874). (F). RVS showing unicellular rhizoids extending from the basal hypothallus (BISH 780873). (G). View of the underside of the crust, illustrating the parallel files of cells comprising the hypothallus (BISH 780873). (H). View of the top surface of the crust, showing regularly sized cells, and a lack of hair cells (BISH 780873). (I). RVS through a tetrasporangial nemathecium, with immature (arrow) and mature (arrowhead) tetrasporangia (BISH 780873). (J). Close up of a tetrasporangial nemathecium, illustrating a tetrasporangium (arrow) and paraphyses consisting of up to nine cells (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). Scale bars: A-B = 1 cm; C-H = 50 µm; I = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606544/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Hair cells absent (
<figureCitation id="137BC590FFD2E005B0E5A6A2FDF1FF4B" box="[454,546,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,213,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[151,1436,190,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habit and morphology of Seiria mesophotica sp. nov. (A). Image of specimen fragments (BISH 780873) immediately after collection. (B). Image of specimen (BISH 780874) immediately after collection. (C). Radial vertical section (RVS) through thallus illustrating the basal hypothallus (arrow), and perithallial assurgent filaments (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). (D). RVS showing large lower perithallial cells (arrows) (BISH 780873). (E). RVS illustrating small, quasi-isodiametric uppermost perithallial cells (arrows) and thick cuticle (arrowhead) (BISH 780874). (F). RVS showing unicellular rhizoids extending from the basal hypothallus (BISH 780873). (G). View of the underside of the crust, illustrating the parallel files of cells comprising the hypothallus (BISH 780873). (H). View of the top surface of the crust, showing regularly sized cells, and a lack of hair cells (BISH 780873). (I). RVS through a tetrasporangial nemathecium, with immature (arrow) and mature (arrowhead) tetrasporangia (BISH 780873). (J). Close up of a tetrasporangial nemathecium, illustrating a tetrasporangium (arrow) and paraphyses consisting of up to nine cells (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). Scale bars: A-B = 1 cm; C-H = 50 µm; I = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606544/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
). Gametangial reproduction not observed. Mature tetrasporangia 43–99 × 22–44 µm, cruciate decussate to irregularly cruciate (
<figureCitation id="137BC590FFD2E005B3B4A686FD35FE97" box="[663,742,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,213,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[151,1436,190,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habit and morphology of Seiria mesophotica sp. nov. (A). Image of specimen fragments (BISH 780873) immediately after collection. (B). Image of specimen (BISH 780874) immediately after collection. (C). Radial vertical section (RVS) through thallus illustrating the basal hypothallus (arrow), and perithallial assurgent filaments (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). (D). RVS showing large lower perithallial cells (arrows) (BISH 780873). (E). RVS illustrating small, quasi-isodiametric uppermost perithallial cells (arrows) and thick cuticle (arrowhead) (BISH 780874). (F). RVS showing unicellular rhizoids extending from the basal hypothallus (BISH 780873). (G). View of the underside of the crust, illustrating the parallel files of cells comprising the hypothallus (BISH 780873). (H). View of the top surface of the crust, showing regularly sized cells, and a lack of hair cells (BISH 780873). (I). RVS through a tetrasporangial nemathecium, with immature (arrow) and mature (arrowhead) tetrasporangia (BISH 780873). (J). Close up of a tetrasporangial nemathecium, illustrating a tetrasporangium (arrow) and paraphyses consisting of up to nine cells (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). Scale bars: A-B = 1 cm; C-H = 50 µm; I = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606544/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
), borne in raised, subcircular, scattered gelatinous nemathecia, nemathecial paraphyses up to 9 cells in length, 130 µm long (
<figureCitation id="137BC590FFD2E005B21AA76AFC5AFEB3" box="[825,905,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,213,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[151,1436,190,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habit and morphology of Seiria mesophotica sp. nov. (A). Image of specimen fragments (BISH 780873) immediately after collection. (B). Image of specimen (BISH 780874) immediately after collection. (C). Radial vertical section (RVS) through thallus illustrating the basal hypothallus (arrow), and perithallial assurgent filaments (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). (D). RVS showing large lower perithallial cells (arrows) (BISH 780873). (E). RVS illustrating small, quasi-isodiametric uppermost perithallial cells (arrows) and thick cuticle (arrowhead) (BISH 780874). (F). RVS showing unicellular rhizoids extending from the basal hypothallus (BISH 780873). (G). View of the underside of the crust, illustrating the parallel files of cells comprising the hypothallus (BISH 780873). (H). View of the top surface of the crust, showing regularly sized cells, and a lack of hair cells (BISH 780873). (I). RVS through a tetrasporangial nemathecium, with immature (arrow) and mature (arrowhead) tetrasporangia (BISH 780873). (J). Close up of a tetrasporangial nemathecium, illustrating a tetrasporangium (arrow) and paraphyses consisting of up to nine cells (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). Scale bars: A-B = 1 cm; C-H = 50 µm; I = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606544/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3F899DFFD2E005B1ABA1BCFD3CF781" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5606538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606538/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" startId="7.[136,229,2012,2034]" targetBox="[318,1296,368,1972]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BFFD915FFD2E005B1ABA1BCFD3CF781" blockId="7.[136,1452,2012,2070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFD2E005B1ABA1BCFF2EF866" bold="true" box="[136,253,2012,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Neighbor-joining framework based on Kimura-2-parameter distances of COI sequences of specimens of the
<taxonomicName id="4C40A296FFD2E005B42EA1BCFA74F865" box="[1293,1447,2012,2034]" class="Florideophyceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Peyssonneliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="order">Peyssonneliales</taxonomicName>
, including
<taxonomicName id="4C40A296FFD2E005B1CAAE60FEEEF782" box="[233,317,2048,2069]" family="Peyssonneliaceae" genus="Incendia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFD2E005B1CAAE60FEEEF782" box="[233,317,2048,2069]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Incendia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C40A296FFD2E005B048AE60FE77F782" authorityName="K.R.Dixon" authorityYear="2018" box="[363,420,2048,2069]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Peyssonneliaceae" genus="Seiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Peyssonneliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFD2E005B048AE60FE77F782" box="[363,420,2048,2069]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="21">Seiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar = substitutions per site.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3F899DFFDDE00AB1ABA1DCFC43F78D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5606542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606542/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" startId="8.[136,229,1980,2002]" targetBox="[201,1395,220,1932]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BFFD915FFDDE00AB1ABA1DCFC43F78D" blockId="8.[136,1453,1980,2074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDDE00AB1ABA1DCFF28F846" bold="true" box="[136,251,1980,2002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDDE00AB3A9A1DCFD64F846" box="[650,695,1980,2001]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="22">rbcL</emphasis>
sequences for
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDDE00AB21CA1DCFC05F846" box="[831,982,1980,2001]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C40A296FFDDE00AB21CA1DCFC46F846" box="[831,917,1980,2001]" family="Peyssonneliaceae" genus="Incendia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">Incendia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C40A296FFDDE00AB2BEA1DCFC05F846" authorityName="K.R.Dixon" authorityYear="2018" box="[925,982,1980,2001]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Peyssonneliaceae" genus="Seiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Peyssonneliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">Seiria</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and closely related genera in the
<taxonomicName id="4C40A296FFDDE00AB42EA1DCFA7BF845" box="[1293,1448,1980,2002]" class="Florideophyceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Peyssonneliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="22" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="order">Peyssonneliales</taxonomicName>
. Numbers along branches indicate nodal support (first value = bootstrap support, second value = Bayesian posterior probabilities). Nodes with full support are indicated with an asterisk. Scale bar = substitutions per site.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3F899DFFDCE00BB1ABA040FEFBF8ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5606544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606544/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" startId="9.[136,229,1568,1590]" targetBox="[171,1413,213,1522]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BFFD915FFDCE00BB1ABA040FEFBF8ED" blockId="9.[136,1452,1568,1914]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDCE00BB1ABA040FED2F9A2" bold="true" box="[136,257,1568,1590]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Habit and morphology of
<taxonomicName id="4C40A296FFDCE00BB331A041FD1DF9A2" authority="Sherwood &amp; Cabrera &amp; Spalding &amp; Alvarado &amp; Smith &amp; Hauk &amp; Matadobra &amp; Kosaki &amp; Paiano, 2021" authorityName="Sherwood &amp; Cabrera &amp; Spalding &amp; Alvarado &amp; Smith &amp; Hauk &amp; Matadobra &amp; Kosaki &amp; Paiano" authorityYear="2021" box="[530,718,1568,1590]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Peyssonneliaceae" genus="Seiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Peyssonneliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="mesophotica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDCE00BB331A041FD1DF9A2" box="[530,718,1568,1590]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">Seiria mesophotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A207B87CFFDCE00BB3FBA041FCF5F9A1" box="[728,806,1569,1590]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDCE00BB3FBA041FCF3F9A1" box="[728,800,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A). Image of specimen fragments (BISH 780873) immediately after collection. (B). Image of specimen (BISH 780874) immediately after collection. (C). Radial vertical section (RVS) through thallus illustrating the basal hypothallus (arrow), and perithallial assurgent filaments (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). (D). RVS showing large lower perithallial cells (arrows) (BISH 780873). (E). RVS illustrating small, quasi-isodiametric uppermost perithallial cells (arrows) and thick cuticle (arrowhead) (BISH 780874). (F). RVS showing unicellular rhizoids extending from the basal hypothallus (BISH 780873). (G). View of the underside of the crust, illustrating the parallel files of cells comprising the hypothallus (BISH 780873). (H). View of the top surface of the crust, showing regularly sized cells, and a lack of hair cells (BISH 780873). (I). RVS through a tetrasporangial nemathecium, with immature (arrow) and mature (arrowhead) tetrasporangia (BISH 780873). (J). Close up of a tetrasporangial nemathecium, illustrating a tetrasporangium (arrow) and paraphyses consisting of up to nine cells (arrowheads) (BISH 780873). Scale bars: A-B = 1 cm; C-H = 50 µm; I = 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFFD915FFDCE00BB19EA1C8FE5CF79C" blockId="9.[136,1451,1960,2059]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDCE00BB19EA1C8FDDCF855" bold="true" box="[189,527,1960,1986]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">Other examined material:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B28D348FFDCE00BB333A1C9FE58F79C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3394985301" accessionNumber="ARS 09967" collectingDate="2019-07-31" collectionCode="S, ARS" country="United States of America" elevation="67" latitude="27.9625" location="Manawai" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-175.8361" municipality="Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="BISH 780874" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
<collectingCountry id="F3579985FFDCE00BB333A1C9FD98F854" box="[528,587,1961,1987]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498417F7FFDCE00BB375A1C9FD67F854" box="[598,692,1961,1987]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9B436FFFDCE00BB39DA1C9FB3CF854" box="[702,1263,1961,1987]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E9F8FCEFFDCE00BB5DAA1C9FAB2F854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E96803FFD3E008B1ABA05CFE9AFE4F:8E9F8FCEFFDCE00BB5DAA1C9FAB2F854" box="[1273,1377,1961,1987]" country="United States of America" latitude="27.9625" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-175.8361" municipality="Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument" name="Manawai" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Hawaii">Manawai</location>
(Pearl and Hermes Atoll),
<geoCoordinate id="EE74BFD2FFDCE00BB049A1ACFE34F870" box="[362,487,1996,2023]" degrees="27.9625" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="27.9625">27.9625°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE74BFD2FFDCE00BB0D7A1ACFD50F870" box="[500,643,1996,2023]" degrees="175.8361" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="-175.8361">175.8361°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="006D3E26FFDCE00BB3B3A1ADFCC7F870" box="[656,788,1997,2023]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="67.0">
<quantity id="4CB874F0FFDCE00BB3B3A1ADFD18F870" box="[656,715,1997,2023]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="67.0">67 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
,
<date id="FFFEFFD5FFDCE00BB202A1ADFC6BF870" box="[801,952,1997,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" value="2019-07-31">
<collectingDate id="EFBA063DFFDCE00BB202A1ADFC6BF870" box="[801,952,1997,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" value="2019-07-31">31 July 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDCE00BB2E6A1ADFBB2F870" box="[965,1121,1997,2023]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">
<collectionCode id="ED5141D0FFDCE00BB2E6A1ADFC05F870" box="[965,982,1997,2023]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
. Matadobra
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="DBE6716EFFDCE00BB552A1ADFAC0F870" box="[1137,1299,1997,2023]" collectionCode="BISH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15708" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15708" name="Bishop Museum, Botany Division" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" type="Herbarium">BISH 780874</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode id="ED5141D0FFDCE00BB43DA1ADFA87F870" box="[1310,1364,1997,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23">ARS</collectionCode>
09967; field code NWHI-833)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A8A9EFFDFE008B19EA6FEFB8EFF4A" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFFD915FFDFE008B19EA6FEFB8EFF4A" blockId="10.[136,1452,158,473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDFE008B19EA6FEFDDFFF2F" bold="true" box="[189,524,158,184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Distribution and Habitat:—</emphasis>
Known from the off West Moloka‘i in the Main Hawaiian Islands and Manawai of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument at mesophotic depths of
<quantity id="4CB874F0FFDFE008B2DBA6A2FB8AFF4A" box="[1016,1113,194,221]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="73.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="67.0">
67-
<specimenCount id="9D46129CFFDFE008B53FA6A2FB8AFF4A" box="[1052,1113,194,221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" type="generic">80 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A8A9EFFDFE008B19EA686FE9AFE4F" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFFD915FFDFE008B19EA686FB49FE97" blockId="10.[136,1452,158,473]" box="[189,1178,230,257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDFE008B19EA686FEB7FE97" bold="true" box="[189,356,230,256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Etymology:—</emphasis>
Named for the mesophotic depths at which the specimens were collected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFD915FFDFE008B19EA76AFE9AFE4F" blockId="10.[136,1452,158,473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDFE008B19EA76AFD6AFEB3" bold="true" box="[189,697,266,292]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Identification using DNA sequence data:—</emphasis>
A DNA barcoding analysis of COI sequences for the
<specimenCount id="9D46129CFFDFE008B425A76BFA7FFEB3" box="[1286,1452,266,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
of Hawaiian
<taxonomicName id="4C40A296FFDFE008B03FA74FFE8CFEDE" authorityName="K.R.Dixon" authorityYear="2018" box="[284,351,303,329]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Peyssonneliaceae" genus="Seiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Peyssonneliales" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDFE008B03FA74FFE8CFEDE" box="[284,351,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Seiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<accessionNumber id="941344F6FFDFE008B04CA74EFE3DFEDF" box="[367,494,302,328]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ043099" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">MZ043099</accessionNumber>
and
<accessionNumber id="941344F6FFDFE008B30BA74EFD7BFEDF" box="[552,680,302,328]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ043100" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">MZ043100</accessionNumber>
) and available COI data for related taxa demonstrated less than 4% sequence divergence between the two Hawaiian specimens (3.3% difference between ARS 09666 and ARS 09967), and much greater distance to the
<typeStatus id="54FB67B7FFDFE008B329A717FDE9FE06" box="[522,570,375,401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="4C40A296FFDFE008B386A717FC6EFE07" authority="K. R. Dixon" authorityName="K. R. Dixon" box="[677,957,374,401]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Peyssonneliaceae" genus="Seiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Peyssonneliales" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="magnifusa">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDFE008B386A717FCEAFE07" box="[677,825,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">S. magnifusa</emphasis>
K.R.Dixon
</taxonomicName>
(12.0-12.2%;
<figureCitation id="137BC590FFDFE008B547A716FB78FE07" box="[1124,1195,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,229,2012,2034]" captionTargetBox="[318,1296,368,1972]" captionTargetId="figure-85@7.[275,1313,353,1987]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neighbor-joining framework based on Kimura-2-parameter distances of COI sequences of specimens of the Peyssonneliales, including Incendia and Seiria. Scale bar = substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606538/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDFE008B5D4A716FAFFFE07" box="[1271,1324,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">rbcL</emphasis>
phylogeny supported
<taxonomicName id="4C40A296FFDFE008B1DCA7FBFE42FE23" box="[255,401,410,437]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Peyssonneliaceae" genus="Seiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Peyssonneliales" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="magnifusa">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDFE008B1DCA7FBFE42FE23" box="[255,401,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">S. magnifusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the closest relative to
<taxonomicName id="4C40A296FFDFE008B393A7FBFC8FFE23" authorityName="Sherwood &amp; Cabrera &amp; Spalding &amp; Alvarado &amp; Smith &amp; Hauk &amp; Matadobra &amp; Kosaki &amp; Paiano" authorityYear="2021" box="[688,860,410,437]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Peyssonneliaceae" genus="Seiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Peyssonneliales" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="mesophotica">
<emphasis id="B9340507FFDFE008B393A7FBFC8FFE23" box="[688,860,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">S. mesophotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with 12.1-13.0% difference in the sequences of the two taxa (
<figureCitation id="137BC590FFDFE008B1D4A7DEFEE8FE4F" box="[247,315,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[201,1395,220,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,190,1955]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximumlikelihood phylogenetic treeof rbcL sequences forIncendia,Seiria, andclosely related generainthe Peyssonneliales. Numbers along branches indicate nodal support (first value = bootstrap support, second value = Bayesian posterior probabilities). Nodes with full support are indicated with an asterisk. Scale bar = substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606542/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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