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<document id="890E531D9E3660408C9513BB0892DA55" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2017.1395919" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5184119" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628735592360" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Watson, Charlotte &amp; Faulwetter, Sarah" docDate="2017" docId="03E9100287231346FE63FD1AFC84FB40" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.51.47-48.2863-2924.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51 (47 - 48)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1395919" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Vigtorniella Kiseleva 1996" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="2902" masterDocId="FFD0687A8704136EFFABFFCFFFFBFFD3" masterDocTitle="Stylet jaws of Chrysopetalidae (Annelida)" masterLastPageNumber="2924" masterPageNumber="2863" pageNumber="2901" updateTime="1699050914801" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E8EC61E611F48A333AA14A4276224FB0">Stylet jaws of Chrysopetalidae (Annelida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5538AC7BABC8BF659E008F9CCA8B9383">Watson, Charlotte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC4FCC253231BE1B79518EE6D60D2DF3">Faulwetter, Sarah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="259FB9079B72A403FC27EC94951245DF">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CCF358BB3A3D691367ABDA42F598CCD6">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F4F892229B819B187475DADAD58817C2">2017-11-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0F280A5485511E6CFA035B5D92037EB2">51</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E9100287231346FE63FD1AFC84FB40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9100287231346FE63FD1AFC84FB40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9100287231346FE63FD1AFC84FB40" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="2902" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">
<subSubSection id="C35AF29F87231349FE63FD1AFCA0FD3D" box="[456,859,725,750]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFFA11487231349FE63FD1AFCA0FD3D" blockId="39.[456,859,725,784]" box="[456,859,725,750]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">
<heading id="D0B7167887231349FE63FD1AFCA0FD3D" box="[456,859,725,750]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" reason="5">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787231349FDB0FD1AFCA0FD3D" ID-CoL="84VNJ" authority="Kiseleva, 1996" authorityName="Kiseleva" authorityYear="1996" box="[539,859,725,750]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9347D0687231349FDB0FD1AFD51FD3D" bold="true" box="[539,682,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Vigtorniella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587231349FD1FFD1AFCA0FD3D" author="Kiseleva MI" box="[692,859,725,750]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" pagination="1092" refId="ref25621" refString="Kiseleva MI. 1996. O piрiiмiнovaнii poлikitы рoda Victoriella (Polychaeta. Chrysopetalidae) [On change of genera of a polychaete Victoriella (Polychaeta, Chrysopetalidae)]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal. 75: 1092. Russian." type="journal article" year="1996">Kiseleva, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35AF29F87231349FE58FD38FD41FC97" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFFA11487231349FE58FD38FCCBFCC3" blockId="39.[456,859,725,784]" box="[499,816,759,784]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">
(
<figureCitation id="137BBD9187231349FE50FD38FD62FCC3" box="[507,665,759,784]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,1194,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-263@39.[163,1153,1194,1645]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Vigtorniella zaikai, microphotographs, (a) planktonic nectochaete larva, dorsal view; (b) detail of stylet jaws in (a) (a, b from Watson et al. 2016)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184163/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Figure 21a, b</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6C294AF87231349FD03FD38FCF1FCC3" box="[680,778,759,784]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[133,189,703,726]" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of pharyngeal and jaw characters." pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6C294AF87231349FCB2FD38FCDCFCC3" box="[793,807,759,784]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[133,189,583,606]" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of morphological characters." pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFA11487231349FF0BFCE3FD41FC97" blockId="39.[160,698,812,836]" box="[160,698,812,836]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">
<typeStatus id="54FB1FB687231349FF0BFCE3FF2DFC97" box="[160,214,812,836]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787231349FE94FCE3FD41FC97" authority="(Kiseleva, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Kiseleva" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[319,698,812,836]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="zaikai">
<emphasis id="B9347D0687231349FE94FCE3FDF9FC97" box="[319,514,812,836]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Vigtorniella zaikai</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587231349FDBAFCE3FD49FC97" author="Kiseleva MI" box="[529,690,812,836]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" pagination="128 - 132" refId="ref25577" refString="Kiseleva MI. 1992. Нovый рod i vid сiмiйсtva Chrysopetalidae, Polychaeta iz Cёрнogo мoрi [New genus and species of a polychaete of the Chrysopetalidae from the Black Sea]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal. 72: 128 - 132. Russian." type="journal article" year="1992">Kiseleva, 1992</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35AF29F87231349FF0BFCB4FCC3FC6B" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFFA11487231349FF0BFCB4FE7BFC46" blockId="39.[160,824,891,952]" box="[160,384,891,917]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">
<emphasis id="B9347D0687231349FF0BFCB4FE7BFC46" bold="true" box="[160,384,891,917]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFA11487231349FF0BFC6FFCC3FC6B" blockId="39.[160,824,891,952]" box="[160,824,928,952]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">
One specimen
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787231349FEE7FC6FFD71FC6B" authority=": SIO-BIC A" authorityName="SIO-BIC A" box="[332,650,928,952]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="zaikai">
<emphasis id="B9347D0687231349FEE7FC6FFDF4FC6B" box="[332,527,928,952]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Vigtorniella zaikai</emphasis>
: SIO-BIC A
</taxonomicName>
5639, Black Sea
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35AF29F87231346FF0BFC21FC84FB40" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="2902" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFFA11487231349FF0BFC21FED7FBDB" blockId="39.[160,1155,1006,1136]" box="[160,300,1006,1032]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">
<emphasis id="B9347D0687231349FF0BFC21FED7FBDB" bold="true" box="[160,300,1006,1032]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFA11487231349FF0BFBDCFB78FBA3" blockId="39.[160,1155,1006,1136]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787231349FF0BFBDCFEE7FBF8" authorityName="Kiseleva" authorityYear="1996" box="[160,284,1043,1067]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9347D0687231349FF0BFBDCFEE7FBF8" box="[160,284,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Vigtorniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a monotypic taxon represented by the species
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787231349FCFDFBDCFBE2FBF8" box="[854,1049,1043,1067]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="zaikai">
<emphasis id="B9347D0687231349FCFDFBDCFBE2FBF8" box="[854,1049,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Vigtorniella zaikai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which at present appears endemic to the Black Sea. Other species previously placed in
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787231349FBACFBF9FB78FB9D" authorityName="Kiseleva" authorityYear="1996" box="[1031,1155,1078,1102]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9347D0687231349FBACFBF9FB78FB9D" box="[1031,1155,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Vigtorniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787231349FF0CFB97FCA9FBA3" authority="Dahlgren, Glover, Baco and Smith, 2004" authorityName="Dahlgren, Glover, Baco" authorityYear="2004" box="[167,850,1112,1136]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="flokati">
<emphasis id="B9347D0687231349FF0CFB97FE89FBA3" box="[167,370,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Vigtorniella flokati</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587231349FED5FB97FCA9FBA3" author="Dahlgren TG &amp; Glover AG &amp; Baco A &amp; Smith CR" box="[382,850,1112,1136]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" pagination="1873 - 1887" refId="ref24074" refString="Dahlgren TG, Glover AG, Baco A, Smith CR. 2004. Fauna of whale falls: systematics and ecology of a new polychaete (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) from the deep Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea Res Part 1 Oceanogr Res Pap. 51: 1873 - 1887." type="journal article" year="2004">Dahlgren, Glover, Baco and Smith, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787231349FC38FB97FB78FBA3" box="[915,1155,1112,1136]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ardabalia">
<emphasis id="B9347D0687231349FC38FB97FB78FBA3" box="[915,1155,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Vigtorniella ardabalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3FF19C87231349FF0BF943FD25F913" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5184163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184163/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" startId="39.[160,225,1676,1699]" targetBox="[163,1153,1194,1645]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="8BFFA11487231349FF0BF943FD25F913" blockId="39.[160,1156,1676,1728]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">
<emphasis id="B9347D0687231349FF0BF943FEF2F970" bold="true" box="[160,265,1676,1699]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Figure 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787231349FEB9F943FE44F970" box="[274,447,1676,1699]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="zaikai">
<emphasis id="B9347D0687231349FEB9F943FE44F970" box="[274,447,1676,1699]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901">Vigtorniella zaikai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, microphotographs, (a) planktonic nectochaete larva, dorsal view; (b) detail of stylet jaws in (a) (a, b from
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587231349FDBDF966FD29F913" author="Watson C &amp; Carvajal J &amp; Sergeeva NG &amp; Pleijel F &amp; Rouse GW" box="[534,722,1705,1728]" pageId="39" pageNumber="2901" pagination="700 - 719" refId="ref27568" refString="Watson C, Carvajal J, Sergeeva NG, Pleijel F, Rouse GW. 2016. Free-living calamyzin chrysopetalids (Annelida) from methane seeps, anoxic basins and whale falls. Zool J Linn Soc. 177: 700 - 719." type="journal article" year="2016">Watson et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFFA114872C1346FF0BFF41FE72FF1A" blockId="40.[160,1155,142,201]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5872C1346FF0BFF41FD19FF75" author="Wiklund H &amp; Glover AG &amp; Johannessen PJ &amp; Dahlgren TG" box="[160,738,142,166]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" pagination="774 - 785" refId="ref28091" refString="Wiklund H, Glover AG, Johannessen PJ, Dahlgren TG. 2009. Cryptic speciation at organic-rich marine habitats: a new bacteriovore annelid from whale-fall and fish farms in the North-East Atlantic. Zool J Linn Soc. 155: 774 - 785." type="journal article" year="2009">Wiklund, Glover, Johannessen and Dahlgren, 2009</bibRefCitation>
) were recently moved to
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97872C1346FBB9FF41FE7EFF1A" authority="(Watson et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Watson" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Boudemos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9347D06872C1346FBB9FF41FB78FF75" box="[1042,1155,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">Boudemos</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5872C1346FF0DFF7EFE87FF1A" author="Watson C &amp; Carvajal J &amp; Sergeeva NG &amp; Pleijel F &amp; Rouse GW" box="[166,380,177,201]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" pagination="700 - 719" refId="ref27568" refString="Watson C, Carvajal J, Sergeeva NG, Pleijel F, Rouse GW. 2016. Free-living calamyzin chrysopetalids (Annelida) from methane seeps, anoxic basins and whale falls. Zool J Linn Soc. 177: 700 - 719." type="journal article" year="2016">Watson et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFA114872C1346FF0BFECFFF02FEC9" blockId="40.[160,1156,256,524]" box="[160,249,256,282]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">
<emphasis id="B9347D06872C1346FF0BFECFFF02FEC9" bold="true" box="[160,249,256,282]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">Habitat</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFA114872C1346FF0BFEEBFC7FFDDF" blockId="40.[160,1156,256,524]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97872C1346FF0BFEEBFE9CFEEF" box="[160,359,292,316]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="zaikai">
<emphasis id="B9347D06872C1346FF0BFEEBFE9CFEEF" box="[160,359,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">Vigtorniella zaikai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae are found in plankton horizons at 250–
<quantity id="4CB80CF1872C1346FC32FEEBFC1FFEEF" box="[921,996,292,316]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
with bottom depths to ~
<quantity id="4CB80CF1872C1346FE83FE88FE7EFE8C" box="[296,389,327,351]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
. Benthic adults are found at the narrow transition layer between upper oxygenated waters and lower anoxic waters at the boundary of the hydrogen sulphide zone in ~
<quantity id="4CB80CF1872C1346FEDDFE43FE39FE77" box="[374,450,396,420]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
in the Black Sea.
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97872C1346FD3EFE43FCA1FE77" box="[661,858,396,420]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="zaikai">
<emphasis id="B9347D06872C1346FD3EFE43FCA1FE77" box="[661,858,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">Vigtorniella zaikai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae were raised in the laboratory and the adults observed to feed in the flocculent layer of microbial mats that formed atop anoxic muds (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5872C1346FE71FE1DFD5AFE39" author="Zaikai VE &amp; Sergeeva NG &amp; Kiseleva MI" box="[474,673,466,490]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" pagination="56 - 60" refId="ref28263" refString="Zaikai VE, Sergeeva NG, Kiseleva MI. 1999. [Two polychaete species bordering deep anoxic waters in the Black Sea]. Tavrichesky Med Biol Vestnik. 1 - 2: 56 - 60. Russian." type="journal article" year="1999">Zaikai et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
). Adults are also reported from Black Sea methane seep areas (extended references in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5872C1346FD08FE3BFC8CFDDF" author="Watson C &amp; Carvajal J &amp; Sergeeva NG &amp; Pleijel F &amp; Rouse GW" box="[675,887,500,524]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" pagination="700 - 719" refId="ref27568" refString="Watson C, Carvajal J, Sergeeva NG, Pleijel F, Rouse GW. 2016. Free-living calamyzin chrysopetalids (Annelida) from methane seeps, anoxic basins and whale falls. Zool J Linn Soc. 177: 700 - 719." type="journal article" year="2016">Watson et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFA114872C1346FF0BFD8CFE6DFD8E" blockId="40.[160,1156,579,848]" box="[160,406,579,605]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">
<emphasis id="B9347D06872C1346FF0BFD8CFE6DFD8E" bold="true" box="[160,406,579,605]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">General morphology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFA114872C1346FF0BFDA7FD60FC83" blockId="40.[160,1156,579,848]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97872C1346FF0BFDA7FE93FD53" box="[160,360,616,640]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="zaikai">
<emphasis id="B9347D06872C1346FF0BFDA7FE93FD53" box="[160,360,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">Vigtorniella zaikai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a very small body: planktonic larvae measure ~430 µm length (
<figureCitation id="137BBD91872C1346FF50FD45FE8EFD71" box="[251,373,650,674]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,1194,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-263@39.[163,1153,1194,1645]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Vigtorniella zaikai, microphotographs, (a) planktonic nectochaete larva, dorsal view; (b) detail of stylet jaws in (a) (a, b from Watson et al. 2016)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184163/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">Figure 21a</figureCitation>
) with mature individuals &lt;
<quantity id="4CB80CF1872C1346FD1BFD45FD0EFD71" box="[688,757,650,674]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
length and 14 segments. Sensory structures include very small, ovoid, partly fused palps; prostomial and body segment ciliation; eyes are absent (
<tableCitation id="C6C294AF872C1346FE4EFD1FFDBBFD3B" box="[485,576,720,744]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[133,189,583,606]" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of morphological characters." pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">Table 2</tableCitation>
). In common with other free-living calamyzins,
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97872C1346FF0BFD3DFEE7FCD9" authorityName="Kiseleva" authorityYear="1996" box="[160,284,754,778]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9347D06872C1346FF0BFD3DFEE7FCD9" box="[160,284,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">Vigtorniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks a median antenna and possesses differentiated lateral antennae and palps, long spinous, slender notochaetae and slender compound falcigerous neurochaetae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5872C1346FF79FCF7FE57FC83" author="Aguado MT &amp; Nygren A &amp; Rouse GW" box="[210,428,824,848]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" pagination="610 - 628" refId="ref23259" refString="Aguado MT, Nygren A, Rouse GW. 2013. Two apparently unrelated groups of symbiotic annelids, Nautiliniellidae and Calamyzidae (Phyllodocida, Annelida) are a clade of derived chrysopetalid polychaetes. Cladistics. 29: 610 - 628." type="journal article" year="2013">Aguado et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5872C1346FE11FCF7FD74FC83" author="Watson C &amp; Carvajal J &amp; Sergeeva NG &amp; Pleijel F &amp; Rouse GW" box="[442,655,824,848]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" pagination="700 - 719" refId="ref27568" refString="Watson C, Carvajal J, Sergeeva NG, Pleijel F, Rouse GW. 2016. Free-living calamyzin chrysopetalids (Annelida) from methane seeps, anoxic basins and whale falls. Zool J Linn Soc. 177: 700 - 719." type="journal article" year="2016">Watson et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFA114872C1346FF0BFC48FE8CFC72" blockId="40.[160,1156,903,1171]" box="[160,375,903,929]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">
<emphasis id="B9347D06872C1346FF0BFC48FE8CFC72" bold="true" box="[160,375,903,929]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">Pharynx and jaws</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFFA114872C1346FF0BFC64FC84FB40" blockId="40.[160,1156,903,1171]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97872C1346FF0BFC64FE98FC10" box="[160,355,939,963]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="zaikai">
<emphasis id="B9347D06872C1346FF0BFC64FE98FC10" box="[160,355,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">Vigtorniella zaikai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a short, muscular pharynx with broad internal septa, caeca, a very small proboscis with terminal papillae, and a pair of very small jaws (
<figureCitation id="137BBD91872C1346FC4AFC01FB86FC35" box="[993,1149,974,998]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,1194,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-263@39.[163,1153,1194,1645]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Vigtorniella zaikai, microphotographs, (a) planktonic nectochaete larva, dorsal view; (b) detail of stylet jaws in (a) (a, b from Watson et al. 2016)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184163/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">Figure 21a, b</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5872C1346FF0BFC3EFE89FBDA" author="Watson C &amp; Carvajal J &amp; Sergeeva NG &amp; Pleijel F &amp; Rouse GW" box="[160,370,1009,1033]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" pagination="700 - 719" refId="ref27568" refString="Watson C, Carvajal J, Sergeeva NG, Pleijel F, Rouse GW. 2016. Free-living calamyzin chrysopetalids (Annelida) from methane seeps, anoxic basins and whale falls. Zool J Linn Soc. 177: 700 - 719." type="journal article" year="2016">Watson et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
, figure 3d, e). Larval jaws are situated close together and each one is composed of a flat anterior part with a tanned brown, serrate tip, an asymmetrical flare mid-way, and a hollow groove visible in the curve at the point where the anterior platelet jaw connects with the posterior, elongated jaw (
<figureCitation id="137BBD91872C1346FC8DFB96FC5BFBA2" box="[806,928,1113,1137]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,1194,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-263@39.[163,1153,1194,1645]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Vigtorniella zaikai, microphotographs, (a) planktonic nectochaete larva, dorsal view; (b) detail of stylet jaws in (a) (a, b from Watson et al. 2016)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184163/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902">Figure 21b</figureCitation>
). In adults, only the anterior platelet jaw is visible (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5872C1346FE56FBB4FD2FFB40" author="Watson C &amp; Carvajal J &amp; Sergeeva NG &amp; Pleijel F &amp; Rouse GW" box="[509,724,1147,1171]" pageId="40" pageNumber="2902" pagination="700 - 719" refId="ref27568" refString="Watson C, Carvajal J, Sergeeva NG, Pleijel F, Rouse GW. 2016. Free-living calamyzin chrysopetalids (Annelida) from methane seeps, anoxic basins and whale falls. Zool J Linn Soc. 177: 700 - 719." type="journal article" year="2016">Watson et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
, figure 3E, 4B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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