351 lines
45 KiB
XML
351 lines
45 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="212F2B5B62E86B5D62EF2A0925F24692">Phylogenetic position and morphological descriptions of Chiton species from the south-eastern Pacific</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D4DFFDC292AECD836F8B063F90C" ID-CoL="69TZP" authorityName=", Frembly" authorityYear="1827" box="[196,527,1744,1769]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii" subGenus="Chiton">
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(
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<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDC292AED3136F8B3EBF90C" box="[301,391,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">CHITON</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDC292AED8A36FCB063F90C" box="[406,527,1748,1768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">CUMINGSII</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B3FFFDC292AEE0A36F8B0AAF90D" author="Frembly, JRN" box="[534,710,1744,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" pagination="193 - 205" refId="ref11064" refString="Frembly, JRN. 1827. A description of several new species of Chitones, found on the coast of Chili, in 1825, with a few remarks on the method of taking and preserving them. The Zoological Journal 3: 193 - 205." type="journal article" year="1827">FREMBLY, 1827</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDC292AED5B3729B3CFF8FE" box="[327,419,1793,1818]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,225,1538,1560]" captionTargetBox="[147,1426,197,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-140@8.[145,1428,195,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Pictures of Chiton species from the south-eastern Pacific. A, Chiton barnesii live specimen from La Pampilla, Coquimbo, Chile (29°26’11’’S, 71°18’20’’W). B, Chiton stokesii live specimen from Santa Rosa, Ecuador (2°12’39’’S, 80°56’45’’W). C, Chiton cumingsii live specimen from Lagunillas, Coquimbo, Chile (30°06’13’’S, 71°22’59’’W). D, Chiton granosus live specimen from Antofagasta, Chile (23°40’10’’S, 70°24’29’’W). E, Chiton magnificus live specimen from Lagunillas, Coquimbo, Chile (30°06’13’’S, 71°22’59’’W). F, Chiton magnificus live specimen from Puerto del Hambre, Punta Arenas, Chile (53°36’44’’S, 70°55’43’’W)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300361/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">FIGS 4C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDC292AEDAD3729B383F8FE" box="[433,495,1793,1818]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[163,241,1548,1570]" captionTargetBox="[163,784,195,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-496@11.[163,784,195,1509]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Type specimens of chitons: A, lectotype of Chiton cumingsii NHMUK 20190538/1; B, paralectotype of Chiton cumingsii NHMUK 20190538/2; C, neotype of Chiton granosus NHMUK 20190537/1. Scale bar 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300367/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">7A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDC292AEDE13729B075F8FE" box="[509,537,1793,1818]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[145,224,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[147,1426,197,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-278@14.[145,1428,195,1292]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Chiton cumingsi, Chile, Coquimbo, BL 19.5 mm, 05.01.2015: A, valve I, dorsal view; B, valve V, dorsal view; C, valve VIII, dorsal view; D, valve VIII, lateral view; E, valve VI, detail of tegmentum in central area; F, valve VI, central and lateral areas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5496115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5496115/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">10</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDC292AEE3A3729B02EF8FE" box="[550,578,1793,1818]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[164,244,1330,1352]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-260@15.[163,1443,195,1290]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Chiton cumingsii, Chile, Coquimbo, BL 19.5 mm, 05.01.2015: A, C, dorsal and ventral scales and marginal spicules; B, D, radula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5496117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5496117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">11</figureCitation>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D4DFFDC292AEC8D3702B048F8DB" ID-CoL="69TZP" authority="Frembly, 1827: 198" authorityName=", Frembly" authorityPageNumber="198" authorityYear="1827" box="[145,548,1834,1856]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii">
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<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDC292AEC8D3702B322F8DB" box="[145,334,1834,1855]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">Chiton cumingsii</emphasis>
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, suppl. pl. 16, fig. 3;
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D4DFFDC292AED533760B0DDF8BA" ID-CoL="69TZP" authority=": Reeve, 1847" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1847" box="[335,689,1864,1886]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii">
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<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDC292AED533760B07BF8BA" box="[335,535,1864,1886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">Chiton cumingsii</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B3FFFDC292AEE3A3761B0DDF8BA" author="Reeve L" box="[550,689,1865,1886]" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" refId="ref11836" refString="Reeve L. 1847. Monograph of the genus Chiton. In: Reeve LA, ed. Conchologia iconica, Vol. 4. London: L. Reeve & Co." type="book" year="1847">Reeve, 1847</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 1, figs 2a, b;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B3FFFDC292AEF8936F9B659F903" author="Plate LH" box="[917,1077,1745,1767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" pagination="281 - 600" refId="ref11777" refString="Plate LH. 1902. Die Anatomie und Phylogenie der Chitonen Fauna Chilensis. Zoologische Jahrbucher 1 (Suppl.) 5: 281 - 600." type="journal article" year="1902">Plate, 1902: 46</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 3, figs 179–184, pl. 4.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9510DFFFDC292AE95B36F9B60FF8E2" author="Pilsbry HA" page="164" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" year="1893">
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D4DFFDC292AE95B36F9B60FF8E2" authority=": Pilsbry, 1893: 164" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityPageNumber="164" authorityYear="1893" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingi">
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<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDC292AE95B36F9B1EAF8E2" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">Chiton cumingi</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B3FFFDC292AEF8936D8B60FF8E2" author="Pilsbry HA" box="[917,1123,1776,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref11724" refString="Pilsbry HA. 1893. Monograph of the Polyplacophora. In: Tryon GW, ed. Manual of Conchology 14: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1893">Pilsbry, 1893: 164</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 30, figs 29–31.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9510DFFFDC292AE95F36D8B77BF8C1" author="Bullock RC" page="166" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" year="1988">
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D4DFFDC292AE95F36D8B77BF8C1" ID-CoL="69TZP" authority=": Bullock, 1988 b: 166" authorityName="Bullock" authorityPageNumber="166" authorityYear="1988" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii" subGenus="Amaurochiton">
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<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDC292AE95F36D8B7FDF8E1" box="[1347,1425,1776,1797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">Chiton</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDC292AEF2C3727B1A5F8C0" box="[816,969,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">Amaurochiton</emphasis>
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)
|
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<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDC292AEFC93727B652F8C0" box="[981,1086,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">cumingsii</emphasis>
|
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B3FFFDC292AE8553727B77BF8C1" author="Bullock RC" box="[1097,1303,1807,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" pagination="280 - 299" refId="ref10906" refString="Bullock RC. 1988 b. The systematics of the southern hemisphere chiton genera Radsia Gray, 1847, and Sypharochiton Thiele, 1893 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Chitonidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101: 280 - 299." type="journal article" year="1988">Bullock, 1988b: 166</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs 59–63, 69, 74 and 77.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9510DFFFDC292AEFA33705B13EF885" author="Kaas P & Van Belle RA & Strack HL" page="113" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" year="2006">
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D4DFFDC292AEFA33705B13EF885" ID-CoL="69TZP" authority=": Kaas et al., 2006: 113" authorityName="Kaas" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="2006" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii" subGenus="Chiton">
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<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDC292AEFA33705B664F8A6" box="[959,1032,1837,1858]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">Chiton</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDC292AE8083705B631F8A6" box="[1044,1117,1837,1858]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">Chiton</emphasis>
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)
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDC292AE8763706B6BFF8A7" box="[1130,1235,1838,1859]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">cumingsii</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B3FFFDC292AE8C23706B13EF885" author="Kaas P & Van Belle RA & Strack HL" pageId="8" pageNumber="703" refId="ref11224" refString="Kaas P, Van Belle RA, Strack HL. 2006. Monograph of living chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) 6, Suborder Ischnochitonina (concluded): Schizochitonidae; Chitonidae, additions to Vols 1 - 5. Leiden: Brill / Backhuys." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Kaas
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDC292AE9063706B72AF8A6" box="[1306,1350,1837,1859]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="703">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006: 113
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 37, map 14 (bibliography and synonymy).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B6646FFDD292BECBF3519B342FA66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5300363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300363/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" startId="9.[163,243,1329,1351]" targetBox="[165,1445,197,1287]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B36CEFFDD292BECBF3519B342FA66" blockId="9.[163,1442,1329,1410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDD292BECBF3519B362FAA2" bold="true" box="[163,270,1329,1351]" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D4DFFDD292BED053519B3D2FAA3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1828" box="[281,446,1329,1351]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="barnesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDD292BED053519B3D2FAA3" box="[281,446,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Chiton barnesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Chile, Coquimbo, BL 20.0 mm, 05.01.2015: A, valve I, dorsal view; B, valve V, dorsal view; C, valve VIII, dorsal view; D, valve VIII, lateral view; E, valve VI, detail of tegmentum in central area; F, valve VI, central and lateral areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32E6545FFDD2929ECBF3580B1F8FE90" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="706" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B36CEFFDD292BECBF3580B3F6F9DC" blockId="9.[163,777,1448,1592]" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDD292BECBF3580B331FA59" box="[163,349,1448,1469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Type material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3C93FFDD292BED643580B168FA38" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="J. E. Gray" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" specimenCode="NHMUK 20190538" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB929EB5FFDD292BED643580B003FA5A" box="[376,623,1448,1470]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" type="Museum">NHMUK 20190538</specimenCode>
|
||
/1 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F886CFFDD292BEE8A3580B165FA5A" box="[662,777,1448,1470]" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectorName id="26C15318FFDD292BED0735EFB3F0FA38" box="[283,412,1479,1500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">J. E. Gray</collectorName>
|
||
collection, no locality data)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3C93FFDD292BECBF35CEB377F9FE" collectionCode="NHMUK" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" specimenCode="NHMUK 20190538" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB929EB5FFDD292BECBF35CEB3E2FA1F" box="[163,398,1509,1531]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" type="Museum">NHMUK 20190538</specimenCode>
|
||
/2 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F886CFFDD292BEDAB35CDB00DFA1F" box="[439,609,1509,1531]" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, teratological specimen)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3C93FFDD292BED34362CB3FAF9DC" collectionCode="NHMUK" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" specimenCode="NHMUK 20190538" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB929EB5FFDD292BED34362CB061F9FE" box="[296,525,1540,1562]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" type="Museum">NHMUK 20190538</specimenCode>
|
||
/3–4 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F886CFFDD292BEE52362CB092F9FE" box="[590,766,1540,1562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
), all designated herein
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B36CEFFDD292BECBF364AB080F992" blockId="9.[163,748,1633,1655]" box="[163,748,1633,1655]" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3C93FFDD292BECBF364AB084F992" box="[163,744,1633,1655]" country="Chile" location="Frembly" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Valparaiso" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDD292BECBF364AB354F992" box="[163,312,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F886CFFDD292BECBF364AB2B4F993" box="[163,216,1634,1655]" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F0F82CFFDD292BED583649B3D3F993" box="[324,447,1633,1655]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Valparaiso</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F323765EFFDD292BEDD63649B064F993" box="[458,520,1633,1655]" name="Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDD292BEE0F3649B051F992" box="[531,573,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">fide</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EEB6015FFDD292BEE583649B0CFF993" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D87D8FFDC2929ECD836F8B1F8FE90:8EEB6015FFDD292BEE583649B0CFF993" box="[580,675,1633,1655]" country="Chile" name="Frembly" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" stateProvince="Valparaiso">Frembly</location>
|
||
, 1927
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B36CEFFDD292BECBF3688B7FEF8EA" blockId="9.[163,779,1696,1902]" lastBlockId="9.[827,1443,1448,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDD292BECBF3688B307F951" box="[163,363,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Descriptive notes:</emphasis>
|
||
Size: animal up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC9B2BFFDD292BEE4C3688B0F3F951" box="[592,671,1696,1717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" unit="mm" value="84.0">84 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC9B2BFFDD292BECBF3697B29CF930" box="[163,240,1727,1748]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
width (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B60375FFDD292BED593696B3FBF930" box="[325,407,1726,1748]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="7.[163,227,1622,1643]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measures of each species collected. Range (min–max) in parenthesis" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Colour: usually pink with black concentric lines compact (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDD292BEDCA36F5B046F916" box="[470,554,1757,1779]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[145,225,1538,1560]" captionTargetBox="[147,1426,197,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-140@8.[145,1428,195,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Pictures of Chiton species from the south-eastern Pacific. A, Chiton barnesii live specimen from La Pampilla, Coquimbo, Chile (29°26’11’’S, 71°18’20’’W). B, Chiton stokesii live specimen from Santa Rosa, Ecuador (2°12’39’’S, 80°56’45’’W). C, Chiton cumingsii live specimen from Lagunillas, Coquimbo, Chile (30°06’13’’S, 71°22’59’’W). D, Chiton granosus live specimen from Antofagasta, Chile (23°40’10’’S, 70°24’29’’W). E, Chiton magnificus live specimen from Lagunillas, Coquimbo, Chile (30°06’13’’S, 71°22’59’’W). F, Chiton magnificus live specimen from Puerto del Hambre, Punta Arenas, Chile (53°36’44’’S, 70°55’43’’W)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300361/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
), some individuals can be almost black; jugal area usually more vivid colour. Body shape: oval to elongated-oval, middle dorsal elevation. Slit formula: 12–15/1/10–16. Plates: intermediate plates separated by space not exposed mantle, slightly overlapping one over the other, lines of growth in intermediate plates apparent to the naked eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDD292BEFA735CDB66BFA1E" box="[955,1031,1509,1531]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[145,224,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[147,1426,197,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-278@14.[145,1428,195,1292]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Chiton cumingsi, Chile, Coquimbo, BL 19.5 mm, 05.01.2015: A, valve I, dorsal view; B, valve V, dorsal view; C, valve VIII, dorsal view; D, valve VIII, lateral view; E, valve VI, detail of tegmentum in central area; F, valve VI, central and lateral areas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5496115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5496115/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Intermediate plate with numerous aesthetes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDD292BEFDA362CB638F9FD" box="[966,1108,1540,1562]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[164,244,1330,1352]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-260@15.[163,1443,195,1290]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Chiton cumingsii, Chile, Coquimbo, BL 19.5 mm, 05.01.2015: A, C, dorsal and ventral scales and marginal spicules; B, D, radula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5496117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5496117/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Fig. 11E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tail valve back straight (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDD292BEF58360AB1C5F9DC" box="[836,937,1570,1592]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[145,224,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[147,1426,197,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-278@14.[145,1428,195,1292]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Chiton cumingsi, Chile, Coquimbo, BL 19.5 mm, 05.01.2015: A, valve I, dorsal view; B, valve V, dorsal view; C, valve VIII, dorsal view; D, valve VIII, lateral view; E, valve VI, detail of tegmentum in central area; F, valve VI, central and lateral areas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5496115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5496115/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apophyses: moderately short, connected by short jugal lamina, delicately denticulate, clearly triangular and trapezoidal intermediate valves in valve series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDD292BEFC43656B615F970" box="[984,1145,1662,1684]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[145,224,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[147,1426,197,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-278@14.[145,1428,195,1292]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Chiton cumingsi, Chile, Coquimbo, BL 19.5 mm, 05.01.2015: A, valve I, dorsal view; B, valve V, dorsal view; C, valve VIII, dorsal view; D, valve VIII, lateral view; E, valve VI, detail of tegmentum in central area; F, valve VI, central and lateral areas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5496115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5496115/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Fig. 10B, C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Perinotum: moderately broad, dorsally with imbricated, flat and triangular scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDD292BEF923694B660F935" box="[910,1036,1724,1746]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[164,244,1330,1352]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-260@15.[163,1443,195,1290]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Chiton cumingsii, Chile, Coquimbo, BL 19.5 mm, 05.01.2015: A, C, dorsal and ventral scales and marginal spicules; B, D, radula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5496117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5496117/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Fig. 11A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spicules at the ventral side of the perinotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDD292BEFDA36F2B644F914" box="[966,1064,1754,1776]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[164,244,1330,1352]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-260@15.[163,1443,195,1290]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Chiton cumingsii, Chile, Coquimbo, BL 19.5 mm, 05.01.2015: A, C, dorsal and ventral scales and marginal spicules; B, D, radula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5496117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5496117/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radula: central tooth rounded and hooked. The major lateral rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDD292BE91936D1B7EEF8EA" box="[1285,1410,1785,1807]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[164,244,1330,1352]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-260@15.[163,1443,195,1290]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Chiton cumingsii, Chile, Coquimbo, BL 19.5 mm, 05.01.2015: A, C, dorsal and ventral scales and marginal spicules; B, D, radula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5496117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5496117/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Fig. 11B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B36CEFFDD292BEF273710B7CEF888" blockId="9.[827,1442,1848,1901]" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDD292BEF273710B1B7F8A9" box="[827,987,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
We found this species from Lobitos (~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE005009FFDD292BEF4F377FB117F889" box="[851,891,1879,1901]" degrees="4" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" precision="55555" value="-4.0">4°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F323765EFFDD292BEF8D377FB1A4F888" box="[913,968,1879,1900]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Quellón (~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE005009FFDD292BE874377FB6F3F889" box="[1128,1183,1879,1901]" degrees="43" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="704" precision="55555" value="-43.0">43°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F323765EFFDD292BE8A8377EB69EF888" box="[1204,1266,1878,1900]" name="Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDD292BE91E377EB728F888" box="[1282,1348,1878,1900]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[827,914,1448,1470]" captionTargetBox="[834,1445,201,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-556@1.[827,1448,195,1408]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Map showing sampling localities. Lines represent the geographical distribution of each Chiton species: 1, Chiton stokesii; 2, Chiton granosus; 3, Chiton cumingsii; 4, Chiton magnificus; 5, Chiton barnesii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300355/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="704">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). It was
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B6646FFDE2928EC8D3515B08BFA95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300365" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5300365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300365/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" startId="10.[145,223,1341,1363]" targetBox="[148,1426,199,1298]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B36CEFFDE2928EC8D3515B08BFA95" blockId="10.[145,1425,1341,1393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDE2928EC8D3515B294FAB6" bold="true" box="[145,248,1341,1363]" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D4DFFDE2928ED1F3515B3C8FAB7" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1828" box="[259,420,1341,1363]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="barnesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDE2928ED1F3515B3C8FAB7" box="[259,420,1341,1363]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">Chiton barnesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Chile, Coquimbo, BL 20.0 mm, 05.01.2015: A, C, dorsal and ventral scales and marginal spicules; B, D, radula, head of major lateral tooth has one denticle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B36CEFFDE2928EC8D35BFB006FA2F" blockId="10.[145,760,1431,1484]" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3C93FFDE2928EC8D35BFB009FA2F" country="Peru" latitude="-41.0" location="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" specimenCount="1">
|
||
previously reported from Paita (~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE005009FFDE2928EE0835BFB056FA49" box="[532,570,1431,1453]" degrees="5" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" precision="55555" value="-5.0">5°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F323765EFFDE2928EE4C35BFB0EAFA48" box="[592,646,1431,1452]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Puerto Montt (~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE005009FFDE2928ECE9359EB347FA28" box="[245,299,1462,1484]" degrees="41" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" precision="55555" value="-41.0">41°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F323765EFFDE2928ED22359DB317FA2F" box="[318,379,1461,1483]" name="Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B3FFFDE2928ED96359DB037FA2F" author="Marincovich L" box="[394,603,1461,1483]" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" pagination="42 - 49" refId="ref11377" refString="Marincovich L. 1973. Intertidal mollusks of Iquique, Chile. Natural History Museum. Los Angeles County Science Bulletin 16: 42 - 49." type="journal article" year="1973">Marincovich, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B36CEFFDE2928EC8D35DCB066F947" blockId="10.[145,761,1524,1699]" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDE2928EC8D35DCB290F9ED" box="[145,252,1524,1545]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is easy to differentiate from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D4DFFDE2928ECC8363BB315F9CD" box="[212,377,1555,1577]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDE2928ECC8363BB34DF9CC" box="[212,289,1555,1576]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">Chiton</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the area by their high number of ribs in all plates with small grains. In the head valve, they have more than 40 ribs of grains. This species has been introduced in the Canary Islands (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE005009FFDE2928EE8B3647B098F961" box="[663,756,1647,1669]" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" precision="925" value="28.1">28°06’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE005009FFDE2928EC8D36A5B283F947" box="[145,239,1677,1699]" degrees="15" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" precision="925" value="-15.416667">15°25’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B3FFFDE2928ED1A36A5B397F947" author="Arias A & Anadon N" box="[262,507,1677,1699]" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" pagination="593 - 596" refId="ref10776" refString="Arias A, Anadon N. 2013. Tonicia atrata and Chiton cumingsii (Polyplacophora: Chitonidae): First records in European waters. Zootaxa 3626: 593 - 596." type="journal article" year="2013">Arias & Anadón 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B36CEFFDE2929EC8D36E5B1F8FE90" blockId="10.[145,761,1740,1885]" lastBlockId="11.[827,1443,197,372]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="706" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDE2928EC8D36E5B022F905" box="[145,590,1740,1762]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">Notes on designation of type material:</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F886CFFDE2928EE9336E4B094F906" box="[655,760,1740,1762]" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F886CFFDE2928ECDE36C3B331F8E5" box="[194,349,1771,1793]" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
material comprise a single lot in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25AE0BFFDE2928EC843700B36DF8DA" box="[152,257,1832,1854]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDE2928ED093700B33EF8DA" box="[277,338,1832,1854]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,223,1341,1363]" captionTargetBox="[148,1426,199,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-277@10.[145,1428,195,1301]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Chiton barnesii, Chile, Coquimbo, BL 20.0 mm, 05.01.2015:A, C, dorsal and ventral scales and marginal spicules; B, D, radula, head of major lateral tooth has one denticle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300365/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is probable that some of Frembly’s specimens were deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25AE0BFFDE2928EE31376FB0F4F8B8" box="[557,664,1863,1884]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
via the collections of contemporaries, such as Hugh Cuming and J. E. Gray, although there is nothing to link any of this early material to Frembly directly (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25AE0BFFDE2928E91335FCB74CFA0D" box="[1295,1312,1492,1513]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">T</collectionCode>
|
||
. S. White, pers. comm). Type material for other species described by Frembly has also been attributed to the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25AE0BFFDE2928E934363AB7FCF9C3" box="[1320,1424,1554,1575]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
collection (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B3FFFDE2928EFBF3619B60DF9A2" author="Kaas P & Van Belle RA & Strack HL" box="[931,1121,1584,1606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" refId="ref11224" refString="Kaas P, Van Belle RA, Strack HL. 2006. Monograph of living chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) 6, Suborder Ischnochitonina (concluded): Schizochitonidae; Chitonidae, additions to Vols 1 - 5. Leiden: Brill / Backhuys." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Kaas
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDE2928EFF83619B671F9A1" box="[996,1053,1584,1606]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B3FFFDE2928E8723618B77AF9A2" author="Bullock RC" box="[1134,1302,1584,1606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" pagination="280 - 299" refId="ref10906" refString="Bullock RC. 1988 b. The systematics of the southern hemisphere chiton genera Radsia Gray, 1847, and Sypharochiton Thiele, 1893 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Chitonidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101: 280 - 299." type="journal article" year="1988">Bullock, 1988b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although the status of these specimens requires further careful investigation. In the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D4DFFDE2928E95C3645B6E6F946" authority=", Frembly (1827: 199)" authorityName=", Frembly" authorityPageNumber="199" authorityYear="1827" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDE2928E95C3645B1F5F946" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">Chiton cumingsii</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B3FFFDE2928EFBA36A4B6E6F946" author="Frembly, JRN" box="[934,1162,1676,1698]" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" pagination="193 - 205" refId="ref11064" refString="Frembly, JRN. 1827. A description of several new species of Chitones, found on the coast of Chili, in 1825, with a few remarks on the method of taking and preserving them. The Zoological Journal 3: 193 - 205." type="journal article" year="1827">Frembly (1827: 199)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
noted ‘A specimen also was found [showing] ... only seven valves, but inside the articulation of the other valve was plainly seen’.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D4DFFDE2928EF3536C0B11BF91A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[809,887,1768,1790]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Chiton</taxonomicName>
|
||
teratologies are rare (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B3FFFDE2928E86D36C1B756F919" author="Torres FI & Ibanez CM & Sanhueza VE & Pardo-Gandarillas MC" box="[1137,1338,1768,1790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" pagination="683 - 689" refId="ref12217" refString="Torres FI, Ibanez CM, Sanhueza VE, Pardo-Gandarillas MC. 2018. Mollusk freaks: new teratological cases on marine mollusks from the South Pacific Ocean. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 46: 683 - 689." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EADCFFDE2928E8DC36C1B69CF919" box="[1216,1264,1768,1790]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="705">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There was only one teratological specimen of this species in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25AE0BFFDE2928EF4E370EB1D5F8DF" box="[850,953,1830,1851]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
collection, amongst a lot of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D32FD47FFDE2928E8F4370DB7FCF8DF" box="[1256,1424,1829,1851]" pageId="10" pageNumber="705" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(NHMUKMUK 20190538/1–4) from the J. E. Gray Frembly (1927) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F2A4BFFDF2929EFE030EDB622FF3F" box="[1020,1102,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[163,241,1548,1570]" captionTargetBox="[163,784,195,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-496@11.[163,784,195,1509]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Type specimens of chitons: A, lectotype of Chiton cumingsii NHMUK 20190538/1; B, paralectotype of Chiton cumingsii NHMUK 20190538/2; C, neotype of Chiton granosus NHMUK 20190537/1. Scale bar 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300367/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="706">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The specimen closest to the potentially generalized dimensions given in Frembly’s original description (‘length two inches, breadth 1 3/10’; 5.0 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC9B2BFFDF2929EFDE3109B663FED3" box="[962,1039,289,311]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="706" unit="cm" value="3.3">3.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
) has been designated the primary
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F886CFFDF2929EF273168B1C4FEB2" box="[827,936,320,342]" pageId="11" pageNumber="706" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25AE0BFFDF2929EFA63168B64AFEB1" box="[954,1062,320,341]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="706" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
20190538/1, dimensions, 4.2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC9B2BFFDF2929EF273177B1E5FE90" box="[827,905,351,372]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="706" unit="cm" value="2.3">2.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |