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<document id="C3DE1CE265DE5468E84FDF845B8CFC60" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10410051" ID-ZooBank="3E7237B4-85C5-4581-B469-ED1C00154413" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1703073801695" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S. &amp; Lavergne, Edouard" docDate="2023" docId="039D87C9FFBEFF9BA0A87875FDE52802" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5389.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5389 (3)" docSource="https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Calotomus carolinus" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="321" masterDocId="FFA4FFB1FFAAFF8FA03F7A0BFFF82D7F" masterDocTitle="Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall &amp; Hoover, 1995" masterLastPageNumber="330" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="321" updateTime="1703074317466" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="369CC637B57F0A3C43151181CA1CD935">Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall &amp; Hoover, 1995</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1DA4C2B542BC20297F5A1F7AECFDF4C8">Zajonz, Uwe</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="56CA369C470714FB719F1DA2239B911A">Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1E5AEE8C44B2C96F5C0B57F4D4E275C4">Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A50E4E0C8CC29595E6251687AF97D022">Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. &amp; Station of Naturalists, Omsk, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="971B1783054A48A137D77E41508AB163">Saeed, Fouad K. N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C3658C98876253B60E818A874BFA0C1F">Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. &amp; Environmental Protection Authority, Socotra Branch, Hadibo, Yemen.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A301F78F6A2BB679EC1BCCD7C88D9DF3">Aideed, Moteah S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="77CB54C134B6C5F236E492D0A60A9840">Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. &amp; Maritime Affairs Authority, Mukalla, Yemen.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3BDFE2C5CC5E034C0BE0A8067E73FA81">Lavergne, Edouard</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039D87C9FFBEFF9BA0A87875FDE52802" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10410115" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10410115" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D87C9FFBEFF9BA0A87875FDE52802" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87C9FFBEFF9BA0A87875FDE52802" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFBEFF9BA0A87875FD612FE7" box="[151,665,638,665]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFBEFF9BA0A87875FD612FE7" blockId="20.[151,1436,638,799]" box="[151,665,638,665]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<heading id="D0C381B3FFBEFF9BA0A87875FD612FE7" bold="true" box="[151,665,638,665]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D5CFFBEFF9BA0A87875FD612FE7" ID-CoL="Q4D3" authority="(Valenciennes, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[151,665,638,665]" family="Scaridae" genus="Calotomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolinus">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA0A87875FD612FE7" bold="true" box="[151,665,638,665]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA0A87875FE6B2FE6" bold="true" box="[151,403,638,665]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Calotomus carolinus</emphasis>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFBEFF9BA0A87894FE982F85" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFBEFF9BA0A87894FEEE2FA9" blockId="20.[151,1436,638,799]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D5CFFBEFF9BA0A87894FE092FC8" ID-CoL="PWHK" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,497,671,695]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scaridae" genus="Callyodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolinus">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA0A87894FE9E2FC8" box="[151,358,671,695]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Callyodon carolinus</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3C82FFBEFF9BA1547894FE092FC8" box="[363,497,671,695]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Micronesia" location="Caroline Islands" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">Valenciennes</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in Cuvier &amp;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510CEFFBEFF9BA24A7894FC842FC8" author="Valenciennes, A." box="[629,892,671,695]" page="291" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="1840">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFBEFF9BA24A7894FC842FC8" author="Valenciennes, A." box="[629,892,671,695]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" pagination="291" refId="ref15665" refString="Valenciennes, A. (1840 b) Callyodon carolinus. In: Cuvier G. &amp; Valenciennes A. (Eds.), Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome quatorzieme. Suite du livre seizieme. Labroides. Livre dix-septieme. Des Malacopterygiens. Pitois-Levrault et Cie, Paris, pp. 291." type="book chapter" year="1840">Valenciennes, 1840b: 291</bibRefCitation>
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;
<typeStatus id="548F887DFFBEFF9BA3B97894FC1B2FC8" box="[902,995,671,695]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: MNHN 0000-0560; type locality:
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFBEFF9BA57A7894FEEA2FA9" name="Micronesia" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Caroline Islands</collectingCountry>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFBEFF9BA0A878EBFE982F85" blockId="20.[151,1436,638,799]" box="[151,352,736,762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Stareye Parrotfish</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFBEFF9BA0A8790FFEFB2E60" box="[151,259,772,799]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFBEFF9BA0A8790FFEFB2E60" blockId="20.[151,1436,638,799]" box="[151,259,772,799]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<figureCitation id="130F2A5AFFBEFF9BA0A8790FFEFB2E60" box="[151,259,772,799]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="21.[151,250,897,921]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,874]" captionTargetId="figure-20@21.[151,1436,181,874]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 15. Calotomus carolinus, initial phase, Bidholeh, Socotra Island, 6 m depth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10410103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10410103/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Figure 15</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFBEFF9BA0A8794DFBFB2922" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFBEFF9BA0A8794DFD642E1E" blockId="20.[151,1436,838,1405]" box="[151,668,838,865]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA0A8794DFE7B2E1F" bold="true" box="[151,387,838,864]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Material examined:</emphasis>
Underwater photograph.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFBEFF9BA0F87961FBF62EB2" blockId="20.[151,1436,838,1405]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA0F87961FE2D2EFA" bold="true" box="[199,469,874,901]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Distinctive characters:</emphasis>
Body depth 2.33.0 in SL; dorsal profile of head slightly convex; teeth not fully fused to form dental plates; caudal fin truncate with slightly prolonged lobes in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 13; median predorsal scales 4; cheek with 1 scale row, with 45 scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFBEFF9BA0F879DCFBFB2922" blockId="20.[151,1436,838,1405]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA0F879DCFEA82E8E" box="[199,336,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Colouration</emphasis>
: Initial phase mottled grayish to reddish brown with fine whitish markings on scales; chest and operculum with 3 to 4 rows of white spots. Terminal males dull blue-green to olive-green with about 8 salmon-pink bands radiating from eye, and transverse bands on snout and chin. Both phases with caudal fin with a narrow whitish posterior margin and first membrane of dorsal fin with a dark blotch or streak.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFBEFF9BA0F87E6DFE0229B6" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFBEFF9BA0F87E6DFE0229B6" blockId="20.[151,1436,838,1405]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA0F87E6DFE9B29FF" bold="true" box="[199,355,1126,1152]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Distribution:</emphasis>
South-eastern Arabia south to
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFBEFF9BA28E7E6CFCB829FE" box="[689,832,1127,1153]" name="South Africa" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFBEFF9BA3767E6CFC2A29FE" box="[841,978,1127,1153]" name="Madagascar" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, east to the Hawaiian and
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFBEFF9BA4D67E6CFA6029FE" box="[1257,1432,1127,1153]" name="Pitcairn" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Pitcairn Islands</collectingCountry>
; also reported from the tropical eastern Pacific. In the
<taxonomicName id="4C344D5CFFBEFF9BA2D77E80FCBA29DA" box="[744,834,1163,1189]" order="Arabian" pageId="20" pageNumber="325" rank="order">Arabian</taxonomicName>
region known only from the
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFBEFF9BA4B77E80FB2629DA" box="[1160,1246,1163,1189]" name="Yemen" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Socotra</collectingCountry>
Archipelago and southern
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFBEFF9BA0C07EA4FEBB29B6" box="[255,323,1199,1225]" name="Oman" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Oman</collectingCountry>
(Randall 1995).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFBEFF9BA0F87ED8FDE52802" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFBEFF9BA0F87ED8FDE52802" blockId="20.[151,1436,838,1405]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA0F87ED8FEC52992" bold="true" box="[199,317,1235,1261]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Remarks:</emphasis>
Observed individual matches the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D5CFFBEFF9BA3727ED8FBCD2992" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[845,1077,1235,1261]" family="Scaridae" genus="Calotomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolinus">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA3727ED8FBCD2992" box="[845,1077,1235,1261]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Calotomus carolinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFBEFF9BA47E7ED8FAC42992" author="Bruce, R. W. &amp; Randall, J. E." box="[1089,1340,1234,1261]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref13401" refString="Bruce, R. W. &amp; Randall, J. E. (1985) Revision of the Indo-Pacific parrotfish genera Calotomus and Leptoscarus. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 5, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1985">Bruce &amp; Randall 1985</bibRefCitation>
; Randall 1995), supporting the tentative record of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFBEFF9BA24C7EFCFCA5286E" author="Zajonz, U. &amp; Lavergne, E. &amp; Bogorodsky, S. V. &amp; Saeed, F. N. &amp; Aideed, M. S. &amp; Krupp, F." box="[627,861,1271,1297]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref16035" refString="Zajonz, U., Lavergne, E., Bogorodsky, S. V., Saeed, F. N., Aideed, M. S. &amp; Krupp, F. (2019) Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen. Zootaxa, 4636 (1), 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4636.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Zajonz
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA2F47EFCFD07286E" box="[715,767,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
. Observed at the southern coast of
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFBEFF9BA4C67EFCFA64286E" box="[1273,1436,1271,1297]" name="Socotra Island" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
in sand areas among bedrock terraces with moderate algae growth at depths of
<quantity id="4CCC9B3AFFBEFF9BA40A7F10FB75284A" box="[1077,1165,1307,1333]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="m" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">
8
<specimenCount id="9D32FD56FFBEFF9BA46E7F10FB75284A" box="[1105,1165,1307,1333]" count="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="generic">12 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C344D5CFFBEFF9BA4A47F10FEB02826" authority="(Ruppell, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1835" family="Scaridae" genus="Calotomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridescens">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFBEFF9BA4A47F10FA64284A" box="[1179,1436,1307,1333]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Calotomus viridescens</emphasis>
(Rüppell, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
is a very similar species known from the Red Sea but differs in the presence of small black spots on postorbital head and anterior body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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