treatments-xml/data/03/9D/87/039D87C9FFA7FF82A0A87EADFCA82AAC.xml
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<document id="1F09638EC75969989692E20D7D0042D1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10410051" ID-ZooBank="3E7237B4-85C5-4581-B469-ED1C00154413" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1703073801695" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S. &amp; Lavergne, Edouard" docDate="2023" docId="039D87C9FFA7FF82A0A87EADFCA82AAC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5389.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5389 (3)" docSource="https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Scarus niger Forsskal 1775" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="314" masterDocId="FFA4FFB1FFAAFF8FA03F7A0BFFF82D7F" masterDocTitle="Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall &amp; Hoover, 1995" masterLastPageNumber="330" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="314" updateTime="1703074317466" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="5BA1E27944822116F5F88B4AE9C9EE7C">Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall &amp; Hoover, 1995</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0DB48615319C83B367A0B2C103B6970D">Zajonz, Uwe</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9B419BEF5DA5E21134DBEAF1FEBA0FF1">Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="042161A6001358C8DD21C53D1F356EE5">Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F9D130A3EE5F1189FB6FD3C1E93CEAA9">Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. &amp; Station of Naturalists, Omsk, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1674C0D123355E3904527B45FB6E5C8F">Saeed, Fouad K. N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="45D31256CFB3D0E5D0EC7799349CFD55">Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. &amp; Environmental Protection Authority, Socotra Branch, Hadibo, Yemen.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5FFD6F472ECF13220A81C399A8CC2738">Aideed, Moteah S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7BD24F7AB3EC654210EB58F25C58CD6A">Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum of Nature (SMF), Marine Zoology-Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. &amp; Maritime Affairs Authority, Mukalla, Yemen.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3B0DD9C52CBAEE14C8A5DB76039605D0">Lavergne, Edouard</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039D87C9FFA7FF82A0A87EADFCA82AAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10410094" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10410094" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D87C9FFA7FF82A0A87EADFCA82AAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87C9FFA7FF82A0A87EADFCA82AAC" lastPageNumber="314" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFA7FF82A0A87EADFE1629BF" box="[151,494,1189,1216]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFA7FF82A0A87EADFE1629BF" blockId="13.[151,1092,1189,1319]" box="[151,494,1189,1216]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<heading id="D0C381B3FFA7FF82A0A87EADFE1629BF" bold="true" box="[151,494,1189,1216]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D5CFFA7FF82A0A87EADFE1629BF" ID-CoL="4V3LK" authority="Forsskal, 1775" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,494,1189,1216]" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFA7FF82A0A87EADFE1629BF" bold="true" box="[151,494,1189,1216]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFA7FF82A0A87EADFECA29BF" bold="true" box="[151,306,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Scarus niger</emphasis>
Forsskål, 1775
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFA7FF82A0A87ECCFE92287D" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFA7FF82A0A87ECCFBBC29A1" blockId="13.[151,1092,1189,1319]" box="[151,1092,1222,1247]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2411F1FFA7FF82A0A87ECCFBBC29A1" box="[151,1092,1222,1247]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D5CFFA7FF82A0A87ECCFE8C29A1" ID-CoL="4V3LK" authority="Forsskal" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,372,1222,1246]" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFA7FF82A0A87ECCFEEF29A1" box="[151,279,1223,1246]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Scarus niger</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3C82FFA7FF82A1217ECDFE8C29A1" box="[286,372,1222,1246]" collectionCode="ZMUC" location="Red Sea" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" specimenCode="P5951" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Al Bahr al Ahmar" typeStatus="holotype">Forsskål</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510CEFFA7FF82A1AA7ECDFDB729A1" author="Niebuhr, C." box="[405,591,1222,1246]" page="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" year="1775">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFA7FF82A1AA7ECDFDB729A1" author="Niebuhr, C." box="[405,591,1222,1246]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" refId="ref14738" refString="Niebuhr, C. (1775) Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit […]. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr, Hauniae, 164 pp." type="book" year="1775">Niebuhr, 1775: 28</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<typeStatus id="548F887DFFA7FF82A2657ECDFD4F29A1" box="[602,695,1222,1246]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: ZMUC
<specimenCode id="DB929EA4FFA7FF82A32F7ECDFCAB29A1" box="[784,851,1222,1246]" collectionCode="ZMUC" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">P5951</specimenCode>
; type locality:
<collectingRegion id="49F0F83DFFA7FF82A3D67ECDFBB829A1" box="[1001,1088,1222,1246]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFA7FF82A0A87EE3FE92287D" blockId="13.[151,1092,1189,1319]" box="[151,362,1256,1282]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Swarthy Parrotfish</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFA7FF82A0A87F07FEFB2858" box="[151,259,1292,1319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFA7FF82A0A87F07FEFB2858" blockId="13.[151,1092,1189,1319]" box="[151,259,1292,1319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<figureCitation id="130F2A5AFFA7FF82A0A87F07FEFB2858" box="[151,259,1292,1319]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,958,982]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,935]" captionTargetId="figure-22@15.[151,1436,181,935]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Scarus niger, terminal male, Qariah, Socotra Island, 4 m depth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10410080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10410080/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Figure 10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFA7FF82A0A87F5FFD082BA8" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFA7FF82A0A87F5FFD642811" blockId="13.[151,1437,1364,2003]" box="[151,668,1364,1390]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFA7FF82A0A87F5FFE7B2811" bold="true" box="[151,387,1364,1390]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Material examined:</emphasis>
Underwater photograph.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFA7FF82A0F87F73FC992B5D" blockId="13.[151,1437,1364,2003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFA7FF82A0F87F73FE2F28EC" bold="true" box="[199,471,1400,1427]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Distinctive characters:</emphasis>
Body depth
<quantity id="4CCC9B3AFFA7FF82A2507F73FD1A28ED" box="[623,738,1400,1427]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.969" metricValueMax="6.35" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" unit="in" value="2.35" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.2">2.22.5 in</quantity>
SL; dorsal profile of head of terminal males nearly straight; posterior nostril subequal to anterior nostril; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, about three-fourths covered by lips; cutting edge of upper dental plates smooth; upper dental plate with 2 conical teeth posteriorly in terminal males; caudal fin double emarginate in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 14; median predorsal scales 68; cheek with 3 scale rows, lower row with 25 scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFA7FF82A0F87C27FD082BA8" blockId="13.[151,1437,1364,2003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFA7FF82A0F87C27FEA82B39" box="[199,336,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Colouration</emphasis>
: Initial phase brownish red, the scales crossed with dark brown irregular stripes. Terminal males dark green to red-green, the scale edges deep magenta, usually with two dark spots on scales anteriorly on body; caudal fin with green bar, a narrow blue posterior margin, and deep pink lobes. Both phases with green band on upper lip, two bands on chin, posterior continuing onto cheek, and a small yellowish green spot at origin of lateral line, linked by an irregular green band to edge of eye.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFA7FF82A0F87CEBFEEA2A19" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFA7FF82A0F87CEBFEEA2A19" blockId="13.[151,1437,1364,2003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFA7FF82A0F87CEBFE9B2B85" bold="true" box="[199,355,1760,1786]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Distribution:</emphasis>
Widespread from the Red Sea along eastern Africa south to
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFA7FF82A4107CEBFB3B2B85" box="[1071,1219,1760,1786]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFA7FF82A4ED7CEBFABA2B85" box="[1234,1346,1760,1786]" name="Mauritius" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
, east to Tuamotu Archipelago. Known in the
<taxonomicName id="4C344D5CFFA7FF82A2037D0FFD6E2A61" box="[572,662,1796,1822]" order="Arabian" pageId="13" pageNumber="325" rank="order">Arabian</taxonomicName>
region from the Red Sea, Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="49F0F83DFFA7FF82A4237D0FFBA12A61" box="[1052,1113,1796,1822]" country="Yemen" name="'Adan" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Aden</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFA7FF82A4AE7D0EFB1F2A60" box="[1169,1255,1797,1823]" name="Yemen" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Socotra</collectingCountry>
Archipelago, to southern
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFA7FF82A0C07D22FEBB2A3C" box="[255,323,1833,1859]" name="Oman" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Oman</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFA7FF82A16C7D23FDAB2A3C" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; Bruce, R. W." box="[339,595,1832,1859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref15077" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Bruce, R. W. (1983) The parrotfishes of the subfamily Scarinae of the western Indian Ocean with descriptions of three new species. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 47, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1983">Randall &amp; Bruce 1983</bibRefCitation>
; Randall 1995;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFA7FF82A33C7D23FC402A3D" author="Lips, J. &amp; Lips, B. &amp; Roux, J. - M." box="[771,952,1832,1859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" refId="ref14705" refString="Lips, J., Lips, B. &amp; Roux, J. - M. (2016) Poissons de Djibouti. Universite de Djibouti, Djibouti, 216 pp." type="book" year="2016">
Lips
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFA7FF82A3037D22FC952A3D" box="[828,877,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); a possible presence in central
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFA7FF82A5257D22FAA62A3C" box="[1306,1374,1833,1859]" name="Oman" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Oman</collectingCountry>
to be confirmed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6554FFA7FF82A0F87D7AFCA82AAC" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8B36DFFFA7FF82A0F87D7AFCA82AAC" blockId="13.[151,1437,1364,2003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFA7FF82A0F87D7AFEC52AF4" bold="true" box="[199,317,1905,1931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Remarks:</emphasis>
Observed individuals match the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D5CFFA7FF82A3717D7AFC242AF5" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[846,988,1905,1931]" family="Scaridae" genus="Scarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFA7FF82A3717D7AFC242AF5" box="[846,988,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Scarus niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFA7FF82A3D37D7BFB132AF4" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; Bruce, R. W." box="[1004,1259,1904,1931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref15077" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Bruce, R. W. (1983) The parrotfishes of the subfamily Scarinae of the western Indian Ocean with descriptions of three new species. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 47, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1983">Randall &amp; Bruce 1983</bibRefCitation>
; Randall 1995), supporting the record of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B2EFFA7FF82A1917D9FFD6A2AD0" author="Zajonz, U. &amp; Lavergne, E. &amp; Bogorodsky, S. V. &amp; Saeed, F. N. &amp; Aideed, M. S. &amp; Krupp, F." box="[430,658,1940,1967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref16035" refString="Zajonz, U., Lavergne, E., Bogorodsky, S. V., Saeed, F. N., Aideed, M. S. &amp; Krupp, F. (2019) Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen. Zootaxa, 4636 (1), 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4636.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Zajonz
<emphasis id="B940EACDFFA7FF82A23B7D9EFDCE2AD1" box="[516,566,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
. Observed on
<collectingCountry id="F323764FFFA7FF82A30B7D9EFC2D2AD1" box="[820,981,1940,1967]" name="Socotra Island" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
in coral-dominated habitats at depths of
<quantity id="4CCC9B3AFFA7FF82A0A87DB2FF172AAC" box="[151,239,1977,2003]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="4.0">414 m</quantity>
; seen in all islands of the Archipelago but uncommon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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