treatments-xml/data/03/9D/87/039D878E814BFFD8FF22207C7704FE1A.xml

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<mods:title id="4D852A502293F90984877BE529C026F3">A lovely new, and potentially medicinal, species of Copaifera (Detarioideae, Fabaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado supported by anatomical and morphological data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="021D6EFC0C1876DCBAB6BA0B18F6F845">Silva, Marcos José Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0D2B3178E63F5C70598C2064693E88D2">Laboratório de Morfologia e Taxonomia Vegetal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74001 - 970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. &amp; marcos _ agrorural @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9717 - 5701</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="74F0296EE816F71265117F242C7967D7">Santos, Igor Soares Dos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="10DC5038B60D5CFEDC359D102D484C2F">Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Chácara Califórnia, CP 131, 74045 - 155, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. &amp; igorsoares @ discente. ufg. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6067 - 8409</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B814BFFC9FF22207C745FFCC8" authority="M. J. Silva" authorityName="M. J. Silva" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,552,788,815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814BFFC9FF22207C77D2FCC9" bold="true" box="[136,421,788,815]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
M. J. Silva
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, 
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:— 
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: 
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, 
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, 
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, ca. 
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da porteira, lado esquerdo da estrada, 
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a.s.l., 
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, 
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, fl., 
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. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814BFFC9FF1720C076BCFC5B" box="[189,203,936,957]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva, 
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. Santos &amp; 
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. 
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. Pereira 10631
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(
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!; isotypes: 
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!, 
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!) (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D814BFFC9FC4820C07253FC5B" box="[994,1060,936,958]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1834,1856]" captionTargetBox="[220,1366,214,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[177,1410,187,1807]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Copaifera appendiculata M. J. Silva: a flowering branch. b stipule. c distal portion of the rachis showing the spinescent extension. d–h variations in leaflet shapes. i trichomes on the abaxial surface. j trichomes on the adaxial surface. k detail of the leaflet margin and trichomes. l detail of the leaflet apex. m floral bud. n ventral surface of the bract. o detail of the bract margin. p flower, note the sepals conspicuously indumented ventrally. q ventral surface of the sepal. r detail of trichomes on the ventral surface of the sepal. s stamen. t ventral (left) and dorsal (right) surfaces of the anther. u gynoecium, note the uniformly indumented ovary. v detail of the trichomes on the ovary. w detail of the stigma. x fruit. y fruit after opening, note the twisted valve and prolonged hilum. z side view of the seed (drawn by Renato Cristiano Gualberto from the holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691026/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
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)
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.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32E6513814BFFC9FF22208477A2FB5C" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B940EA8A814BFFC9FF222084768CFBE0" bold="true" box="[136,251,1004,1030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:—This new species is characterized by having a dwarf, shrubby habit, leaves sessile or with petiole up to 
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long, and rachis with a conspicuous spiny prolongation 
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long, 2–4 (–5) pairs of leaflets, similar in size, coriaceous, glabrous or indumented at least on the midrib on the abaxial surface, with margins planar, translucent points conspicuous or inconspicuous, with one gland at the base, panicles smaller or slightly larger than the underlying leaves; flowers sessile, the sepals conspicuosly indumented on both surfaces, ovary evenly indumented, fruits glabrous, and seeds with an orange aril.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B940EA8A814BFFC9FF1727AC7730FB38" bold="true" box="[189,327,1220,1246]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Description</emphasis>
:—Shrubs (0.6–) 
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tall; adult branches striated, glabrous and cinereous, with conspicuous scars, smooth or longitudinally cracked, young branches shortly tomentose, the trichomes hyaline, rusty, or ocher. Leaves 
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long; stipules 1.3–2.3 × 
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, falcate, persistent or tardily caducous, glabrous or glabrescent on the external surface; petiole 
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long; rachis 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FD5426587526FAAD" box="[766,849,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 cm</quantity>
long, both sulcate above, striated, shortly tomentose, rusty or ocher, the rachis with an spiny prolongation 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FD75263C753FFA89" box="[735,840,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="cm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1 cm</quantity>
long; petiolule 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FC51263C722EFA89" box="[1019,1113,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
long; leaflets (2)3–4(5) pairs, the proximal similar to the distal, or slightly smaller in size, thin or thick coriaceous, oblong, oblong-elliptic, ellipticfalcate, elliptic or ovate; opposite, or less often subopposite; 5–10 × 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FC3826F47264FA51" box="[914,1043,1436,1463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="cm" value="4.3" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="2.8">2.8–5.8 cm</quantity>
, glandular-punctate, the punctations translucent, visible or not; margins flat, ciliate, non-cartilaginous, with 1 nectary on each side immediately at the base; apex obtuse, slightly emarginate, non-mucronulate, base obtuse or slightly oblique, adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely puberulous, abaxial surface similar to the adaxial, but with trichomes shortly tomentose on the midrib; venation brochidodromous, midrib slightly shifted to the right side of the blade, prominent on the abaxial surface, secondary veins impressed on both surfaces. Panicles 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FD4625387506F98D" box="[748,881,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="cm" value="16.25" valueMax="19.5" valueMin="13.0">13–19.5 cm</quantity>
long, smaller or slightly larger than the undelying leaves, lax, axillary; peduncle 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FE7C251C745FF969" box="[470,552,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
long, rachis 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FD1E251C753CF969" box="[692,843,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.75" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="cm" value="15.0" valueMax="17.5" valueMin="12.5">12.5–17.5 cm</quantity>
long, secondary axes (6–) 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FBC1251C72BDF969" box="[1131,1226,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 cm</quantity>
long, all tomentoserusty, thickened by galls; bracts 3.2–3.3 × 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FDC225F074AAF955" box="[616,733,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="2.95" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3 mm</quantity>
, widely ovate, margins entire, ciliate, shortly villose externally; bracteoles 2.8–2.9 × ca. 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FE3625D47783F931" box="[412,500,1724,1751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
, similar to the bracts; floral bud 4.7–4.7 × 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FC7225D4723BF931" box="[984,1100,1724,1751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="3.0">3–3.1 mm</quantity>
, ellipsoidal, shortly tomentose. Flowers sessile, sepals 4, 5–5.1 × 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FDBE258874E8F91D" box="[532,671,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.3 mm</quantity>
, lanceolate, oval-lanceolate, or elliptic, densely sericeous internally, sparsely or densely sericeous externally, with conspicuous secretory cavities, margins entire, apex acute; stamens 10, filaments 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FF5224407722F8A5" box="[248,341,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous; anthers 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FDC92440749DF8A5" box="[611,746,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 mm</quantity>
long, ellipsoidal, mucronulate, longitudinally dehiscent; ovary 2–.3 × 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FF7024247713F881" box="[218,356,1868,1895]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.5 mm</quantity>
, ellipsoidal, densely villous throughout, the trichomes rusty; styles 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FBCE242472B5F881" box="[1124,1218,1868,1895]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
long. Pod 2.6–3.6 × 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FF2224187770F86D" box="[136,263,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="cm" value="2.35" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.5 cm</quantity>
, ellipsoidal, orbicular or obovoid, base asymmetric-attenuated, apex asymmetrically obtuse and mucronate, glabrous throughout, yellowish-green or orange-green when immature, reddish when ripe; seeds 1.5–2.8 × 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814BFFC9FA8224FC73D0F849" box="[1320,1447,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.7 cm</quantity>
, orbicular or elliptic-orbicular, black, aril orange to the middle region of the seed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4B6610814AFFC8FF2224427418F7FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6691026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691026/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" startId="3.[136,229,1834,1856]" targetBox="[220,1366,214,1774]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B8B3698814AFFC8FF2224427418F7FE" blockId="3.[136,1452,1834,2072]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FF2224427777F8D9" bold="true" box="[136,256,1834,1856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B814AFFC8FEA224427405F8A6" authority="M. J. Silva" authorityName="M. J. Silva" box="[264,626,1834,1856]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FEA22442778DF8D9" box="[264,506,1834,1855]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
M. J. Silva
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FDD7244274FEF8D9" bold="true" box="[637,649,1834,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">a</emphasis>
flowering branch. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FCEC24427524F8D9" bold="true" box="[838,851,1834,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">b</emphasis>
stipule. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FC00244275C2F8D9" bold="true" box="[938,949,1834,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">c</emphasis>
distal portion of the rachis showing the spinescent extension. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FF5B2426776FF885" bold="true" box="[241,280,1870,1891]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">d–h</emphasis>
variations in leaflet shapes. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FD9A24267440F882" bold="true" box="[560,567,1870,1892]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">i</emphasis>
trichomes on the abaxial surface. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FC2C242675F9F882" bold="true" box="[902,910,1870,1892]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">j</emphasis>
trichomes on the adaxial surface. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FB742426729CF885" bold="true" box="[1246,1259,1870,1891]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">k</emphasis>
detail of the leaflet margin and trichomes. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FEC8241A771EF861" bold="true" box="[354,361,1906,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">l</emphasis>
detail of the leaflet apex. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FDF7241A7406F861" bold="true" box="[605,625,1906,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">m</emphasis>
floral bud. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FD75241A749BF861" bold="true" box="[735,748,1906,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">n</emphasis>
ventral surface of the bract. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FC50241A7271F861" bold="true" box="[1018,1030,1906,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">o</emphasis>
detail of the bract margin. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FAAE241A7366F861" bold="true" box="[1284,1297,1906,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">p</emphasis>
flower, note the sepals conspicuously indumented ventrally. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FD8124FE744FF84D" bold="true" box="[555,568,1942,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">q</emphasis>
ventral surface of the sepal. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FCEC24FE7527F84D" bold="true" box="[838,848,1942,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">r</emphasis>
detail of trichomes on the ventral surface of the sepal. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FAF924FE732BF84D" bold="true" box="[1363,1372,1942,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">s</emphasis>
stamen. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FF2224D276E7F829" bold="true" box="[136,144,1978,1999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">t</emphasis>
ventral (left) and dorsal (right) surfaces of the anther. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FD0B24D274D9F829" bold="true" box="[673,686,1978,1999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">u</emphasis>
gynoecium, note the uniformly indumented ovary. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FB0B24D272DAF829" bold="true" box="[1185,1197,1978,1999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">v</emphasis>
detail of the trichomes on the ovary. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FF4624B6768AF815" bold="true" box="[236,253,2014,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">w</emphasis>
detail of the stigma. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FE6224B677A3F815" bold="true" box="[456,468,2014,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">x</emphasis>
fruit. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FDA524B6746CF815" bold="true" box="[527,539,2014,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">y</emphasis>
fruit after opening, note the twisted valve and prolonged hilum. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814AFFC8FB2224B672E4F815" bold="true" box="[1160,1171,2014,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">z</emphasis>
side view of the seed (drawn by Renato Cristiano Gualberto from the holotype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4B6610814DFFCFFF2224D372BFF7FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6691034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691034/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" startId="4.[136,229,1979,2001]" targetBox="[209,1397,190,1948]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B8B3698814DFFCFFF2224D372BFF7FF" blockId="4.[136,1451,1979,2073]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814DFFCFFF2224D3768AF836" bold="true" box="[136,253,1979,2001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B814DFFCFFEA824D37416F837" authority="M. J. Silva" authorityName="M. J. Silva" box="[258,609,1979,2001]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814DFFCFFEA824D37786F836" box="[258,497,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
M. J. Silva
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814DFFCFFDC324D47402F837" bold="true" box="[617,629,1980,2001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">a</emphasis>
habit. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814DFFCFFD1F24D474B5F837" bold="true" box="[693,706,1980,2001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">b</emphasis>
flowering branch. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814DFFCFFCDD24D475F5F837" bold="true" box="[887,898,1980,2001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">c</emphasis>
portion of the inflorescence, note flowers being visited by ants. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814DFFCFFF10248876B0F813" bold="true" box="[186,199,2016,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">d</emphasis>
detail of a raceme, showing floral buds and bracts. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814DFFCFFD1F248874B7F813" bold="true" box="[693,704,2016,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">e</emphasis>
flower in frontal view. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814DFFCFFC0A24B775DFF813" bold="true" box="[928,936,2015,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">f</emphasis>
fruiting branch. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814DFFCFFBE324887222F813" bold="true" box="[1097,1109,2016,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">g</emphasis>
fruit after opening, note the twisted valve and prolonged hilum. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814DFFCFFE3C2B6C77D4F7FF" bold="true" box="[406,419,2052,2073]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">h</emphasis>
seed in side view, note the orange aril and black testa (Photographs by M. J. Silva).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32E6513814CFFCEFF1723F67209FAF2" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8B3698814CFFCEFF1723F67209FAF2" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFF1723F67578FEE6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935318" collectingDate="2019-07-21" collectionCode="RPDS" collectorName="Niquelandia" country="Brazil" elevation="771" latitude="-14.704166" location="Goias" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.423336" municipality="Legado Verdes do Cerrado" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Goias" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFF1723F674B6FF5E" bold="true" box="[189,705,158,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
Additional specimens examined (
<typeStatus id="548F883A814CFFCEFDEA23F674CDFF5E" box="[576,698,158,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFD6323F77495FF5E" box="[713,738,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3237608814CFFCEFD4823F67530FF5E" box="[738,839,158,184]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49F0F87A814CFFCEFCF923F675E0FF5E" box="[851,919,158,184]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Goiás</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectorName id="26C1534E814CFFCEFC0A23F6725BFF5E" box="[928,1068,158,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Niquelândia</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFB9F23F6720CFF5E" box="[1077,1147,158,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">RPDS</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEFACE2814CFFCEFB2A23F673D0FF5E" box="[1152,1447,158,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Legado Verdes do Cerrado</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectorName id="26C1534E814CFFCEFF2223AA773DFF3A" box="[136,330,194,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Núcleo Engenho</collectorName>
, 
<location id="8EEB6043814CFFCEFEF023AC743BFF3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D878E814BFFD8FF22207C7704FE1A:8EEB6043814CFFCEFEF023AC743BFF3A" box="[346,588,194,223]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.704166" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.423336" municipality="Legado Verdes do Cerrado" name="Area do Acaba Vida" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" stateProvince="Goias">Área do Acaba Vida</location>
, ca. 200 metros antes da porteira, cerrado ralo, 
<specimenCount id="9D32FD11814CFFCEFB2923AA72A1FF3B" box="[1155,1238,194,221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFB2923AA72A6FF3B" box="[1155,1233,194,221]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.709999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="771.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFB2923AA72A6FF3B" box="[1155,1233,194,221]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.709999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="771.0">771 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l. 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFA8A23AA73D0FF3B" box="[1312,1447,194,221]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-14.704166">14°42’15”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFF22238E776FFEE7" box="[136,280,230,257]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-48.423336">48°25’24”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFE8C238E77B7FEE6" box="[294,448,230,256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2019-07-21">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFE8C238E77B7FEE6" box="[294,448,230,256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2019-07-21">21 July 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFE5D238F74CFFEE6" box="[503,696,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFE5D238F7465FEE6" box="[503,530,231,256]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD8A238F7447FEE6" box="[544,560,231,256]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva 9878
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD60238E7570FEE6" box="[714,775,230,256]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFCB4238E731AFEC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935319" collectingDate="2020-01-26" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" elevation="753" latitude="-14.699722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.42361" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="753" stateProvince="Goias">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFCB4238E7521FEE6" box="[798,854,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">9879</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFCC2238E75D1FEE6" box="[872,934,230,256]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
); 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFC16238E75AEFEE6" box="[956,985,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">ib.</emphasis>
, ca. 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFBBE238E7226FEE6" box="[1044,1105,230,256]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
da porteira, lado esquerdo da estrada, 
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<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFF4D22627745FEC3" box="[231,306,266,293]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.529999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="753.0">
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</quantity>
.
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a.s.l., 
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, 
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, 
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, fl., 
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. 
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. Silva 10630
</emphasis>
(
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), 
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(
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)
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; 
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ibd., ca. 120 metros antes da porteira, 
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, fl., 
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. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFCBC22477551FEAE" box="[790,806,303,328]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva 10642
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFC6D22467272FEAE" box="[967,1029,302,328]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFBB3224676A2FE76" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935302" collectingDate="2020-01-26" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" elevation="753" latitude="-14.699722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.42361" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="753" stateProvince="Goias">
ibd., cerrado ralo após morro, cerca de 750 metros a partir da estrada, 
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<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFDAB223A743CFE8B" box="[513,587,338,365]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.529999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="753.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFDAB223A743CFE8B" box="[513,587,338,365]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.529999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="753.0">753 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFD3D223A7569FE8B" box="[663,798,338,365]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-14.699722">14°41’59”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFC80223A75CEFE8B" box="[810,953,338,365]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-48.42361">48°25’25”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFC6E223A72F7FE8A" box="[964,1152,338,365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2020-01-26">
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</date>
, fl, 
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. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFB64223B72A9FE8A" box="[1230,1246,339,364]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva et al. 10638
</emphasis>
(
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)
</materialsCitation>
, 
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ibd. ca. 800 metros antes da porteira, ca. 60 metros a partir da estrada, 
<specimenCount id="9D32FD11814CFFCEFC5A221E7249FE77" box="[1008,1086,374,401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFC5A221E724DFE77" box="[1008,1082,374,401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.529999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="753.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFC5A221E724DFE77" box="[1008,1082,374,401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.529999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="753.0">753 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFB2F221E737BFE77" box="[1157,1292,374,401]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-14.699722">14°41’59”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFABD221E73D0FE77" box="[1303,1447,374,401]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-48.42361">48°25’25”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFF2222F27734FE52" box="[136,323,410,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2020-01-26">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFF2222F27734FE52" box="[136,323,410,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2020-01-26">26 January 2020</collectingDate>
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, fl, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFEC622F3741AFE52" box="[364,621,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
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. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFE3B22F377D6FE52" box="[401,417,411,436]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva et al. 10645
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFDD122F274CEFE52" box="[635,697,410,436]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFD6622F27755FE1A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935311" collectingDate="2021-01-26" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" elevation="752" latitude="-14.699892" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-48.424408" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias">
ibd., ca. 600 metros antes da porteira 200 metros a partir da lateral esquerda, 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFF5022D67736FE3F" box="[250,321,446,473]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.52" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="752.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFF5022D67736FE3F" box="[250,321,446,473]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.52" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="752.0">752 m</elevation>
</quantity>
ASL, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFE2322D67444FE3F" box="[393,563,446,473]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="1" seconds="59,61" value="-14.699892">14°41’59,61”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFD9522D67485FE3F" box="[575,754,446,473]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="1" seconds="27,86" value="-48.424408">48°25’27,86”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFD5722D675CDFE3E" box="[765,954,446,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-01-26">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFD5722D675CDFE3E" box="[765,954,446,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-01-26">26 January 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFC4122D772D8FE3E" box="[1003,1199,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFC4122D77271FE3E" box="[1003,1030,447,472]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFBBB22D77256FE3E" box="[1041,1057,447,472]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva 11583
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFB1422D6728CFE3E" box="[1214,1275,446,472]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFAA522D67324FE3E" box="[1295,1363,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">11584</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFAC822D673E8FE3E" box="[1378,1439,446,472]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFF22228A76BBFE1A" box="[136,204,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">11585</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFF76228A776DFE1A" box="[220,282,482,508]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFE85228C76A1FDC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935309" collectingDate="2019-06-29" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" elevation="693" latitude="-14.656111" location="Area Capao do Bandeira" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.493057" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="693" stateProvince="Goias">
<location id="8EEB6043814CFFCEFE85228C743DFE1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D878E814BFFD8FF22207C7704FE1A:8EEB6043814CFFCEFE85228C743DFE1A" box="[303,586,482,511]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.656111" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.493057" name="Area Capao do Bandeira" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" stateProvince="Goias">Área Capão do Bandeira</location>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D32FD11814CFFCEFDFD228A74D1FE1B" box="[599,678,482,509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFDFD228A74D5FE1B" box="[599,674,482,509]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.93" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="693.0">
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</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFD58228A750FFE1A" box="[754,888,482,508]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="22" value="-14.656111">14°39’22”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFC2F228A7262FE1B" box="[901,1045,482,509]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-48.493057">48°29’35”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
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<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFB88228A72CAFE1A" box="[1058,1213,482,509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2019-06-29">29 June 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFB5B228B73DCFE1A" box="[1265,1451,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFB5B228B737BFE1A" box="[1265,1292,483,508]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFABD228B7350FE1A" box="[1303,1319,483,508]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva 9667
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFF3A216E76B9FDC6" box="[144,206,518,544]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFF4E216075E0FDA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935303" collectingDate="2020-02-21" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" elevation="705" latitude="-14.589167" location="Filipa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.434723" municipality="Area da Filipa" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="705" stateProvince="Goias">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEFACE2814CFFCEFF4E216077FCFDC6" box="[228,395,518,547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Área da Filipa</collectingMunicipality>
, morro após o ponto de apoio da área da 
<location id="8EEB6043814CFFCEFCC4216E75C5FDC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D878E814BFFD8FF22207C7704FE1A:8EEB6043814CFFCEFCC4216E75C5FDC6" box="[878,946,518,544]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.589167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.434723" municipality="Area da Filipa" name="Filipa" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" stateProvince="Goias">Filipa</location>
, 
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<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFC6A216E727BFDC7" box="[960,1036,518,545]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="705.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFC6A216E727BFDC7" box="[960,1036,518,545]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="705.0">705 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFBF4216E7293FDC7" box="[1118,1252,518,545]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="21" value="-14.589167">14°35’21”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFB58216E73F5FDC7" box="[1266,1410,518,545]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-48.434723">48°26’05”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFA25216E7746FDA2" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2020-02-21">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFA25216E7746FDA2" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2020-02-21">21 February 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl., fr., 
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. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFE19214377B4FDA2" box="[435,451,555,580]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva et al. 10974
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD0221427492FDA2" box="[680,741,554,580]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFD5121427536FDA2" box="[763,833,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">10975</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFCFB214275F8FDA2" box="[849,911,554,580]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFC0E214472E1FD8E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935304" collectingDate="2021-04-22" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" elevation="100" latitude="-14.611667" location="Area do Poco Rosado" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.503334" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="623" stateProvince="Goias">
<location id="8EEB6043814CFFCEFC0E214472E8FDA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D878E814BFFD8FF22207C7704FE1A:8EEB6043814CFFCEFC0E214472E8FDA2" box="[932,1183,554,583]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.611667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.503334" name="Area do Poco Rosado" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" stateProvince="Goias">Área do Poço Rosado</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFB0621427283FDA3" box="[1196,1268,554,581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFB0621427283FDA3" box="[1196,1268,554,581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
após o córrego, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFF2221267779FD8E" box="[136,270,590,616]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-14.611667">14°36’42”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFEB7212677DBFD8E" box="[285,428,590,616]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-48.503334">48°30’12”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D32FD11814CFFCEFE102126747DFD8F" box="[442,522,590,617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFE1021267471FD8F" box="[442,518,590,617]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2299999999999995" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="623.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFE1021267471FD8F" box="[442,518,590,617]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2299999999999995" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="623.0">623 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l., 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFDFD2126748DFD8E" box="[599,762,590,616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-04-22">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFDFD2126748DFD8E" box="[599,762,590,616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-04-22">22 April 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFC9A21277248FD8E" box="[816,1087,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFC9A2127753CFD8E" box="[816,843,591,616]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFCFD21277510FD8E" box="[855,871,591,616]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva et al. 12334
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFBFA212672F9FD8E" box="[1104,1166,590,616]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFB0921267534FD6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935307" collectingDate="2021-04-22" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias">
ibd., 90 metros a partir do córrego, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFEBB211A77C6FD6A" box="[273,433,626,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-04-22">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFEBB211A77C6FD6A" box="[273,433,626,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-04-22">22 April 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFE4E211B749AFD6A" box="[484,749,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFE4E211B7788FD6A" box="[484,511,627,652]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFDA1211B746CFD6A" box="[523,539,627,652]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva et al. 12337
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD57211A754CFD6A" box="[765,827,626,652]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFCFA211A75AAFD56" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935305" collectingDate="2021-04-22" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" elevation="619" latitude="-14.611389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.503887" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="619" stateProvince="Goias">
ibd., ca. 200 metros a partir do córrego, 
<specimenCount id="9D32FD11814CFFCEFAB3211A731EFD6B" box="[1305,1385,626,653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFAB3211A7313FD6B" box="[1305,1380,626,653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1899999999999995" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="619.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFAB3211A7313FD6B" box="[1305,1380,626,653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1899999999999995" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="619.0">619 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFF2221FE7778FD56" box="[136,271,662,688]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="41" value="-14.611389">14°36’41”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFEB121FE77DDFD56" box="[283,426,662,688]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="14" value="-48.503887">48°30’14”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFE1F21FE7423FD56" box="[437,596,662,688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-04-22">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFE1F21FE7423FD56" box="[437,596,662,688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-04-22">22 April 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFD2F21FF75FFFD56" box="[645,904,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD2F21FF74D7FD56" box="[645,672,663,688]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD0021FF74CDFD56" box="[682,698,663,688]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva et al. 12339
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFC3D21FE75A2FD56" box="[919,981,662,688]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFC4221FE72AAFD32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935317" collectingDate="2021-04-22" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" elevation="150" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias">
ibd., ca. 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFBE221FE72E6FD57" box="[1096,1169,662,689]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="150.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFBE221FE72E6FD57" box="[1096,1169,662,689]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, após o córrego, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFAE521FE76B4FD32" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-04-22">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFAE521FE76B4FD32" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-04-22">22 April 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFF5921D37782FD32" box="[243,501,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFF5921D37779FD32" box="[243,270,699,724]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFEB221D3775FFD32" box="[280,296,699,724]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva et al. 12340
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFDA921D27437FD32" box="[515,576,698,724]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFDFE21D274EDFD32" box="[596,666,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12341</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD0221D27492FD32" box="[680,741,698,724]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFD5321D27548FD32" box="[761,831,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12342</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFCE721D275FDFD32" box="[845,906,698,724]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFC3721D27594FD32" box="[925,995,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12342</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFC5821D27258FD32" box="[1010,1071,698,724]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFBE821D272FFFD32" box="[1090,1160,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12343</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFB3D21D272A2FD32" box="[1175,1237,698,724]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFB4221D473D0FD1E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935315" collectingDate="2021-05-29" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" elevation="656" latitude="-14.614445" location="Area da Trilha do Campo Cerrado" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.49278" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="656" stateProvince="Goias">
<location id="8EEB6043814CFFCEFB4221D47749FD1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D878E814BFFD8FF22207C7704FE1A:8EEB6043814CFFCEFB4221D47749FD1E" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.614445" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.49278" name="Area da Trilha do Campo Cerrado" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" stateProvince="Goias">Área da Trilha do Campo Cerrado</location>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D32FD11814CFFCEFEE021B677EEFD1F" box="[330,409,734,761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFEE021B677E2FD1F" box="[330,405,734,761]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.56" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="656.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFEE021B677E2FD1F" box="[330,405,734,761]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.56" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="656.0">656 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFE4E21B6741CFD1F" box="[484,619,734,761]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-14.614445">14°36’52”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFDD221B67570FD1E" box="[632,775,734,760]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="34" value="-48.49278">48°29’34”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFCBE21B675D9FD1E" box="[788,942,734,761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-05-29">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFCBE21B675D9FD1E" box="[788,942,734,761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-05-29">29 May 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFC4B21B772DEFD1E" box="[993,1193,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFC4B21B7758BFD1E" box="[993,1020,735,760]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFBA221B7726FFD1E" box="[1032,1048,735,760]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva 12578
</emphasis>
(UFG), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFAA121B67326FD1E" box="[1291,1361,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12579</emphasis>
(UFG)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFF22206A72CDFCFA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935323" box="[136,1210,770,797]" collectingDate="2021-01-27" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" location="Corrego do Lama Preta" municipality="Area do Lama Preta" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias">
ibd., ca. 180 metros a partir do córrego, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFDE7206B7563FCFA" box="[589,788,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">M. J. Silva 12581</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFC89206A7517FCFA" box="[803,864,770,796]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFCDE206A75CDFCFA" box="[884,954,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12582</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFC60206A7270FCFA" box="[970,1031,770,796]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFBB1206A7216FCFA" box="[1051,1121,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12585</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFBDA206A72D9FCFA" box="[1136,1198,770,796]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFB68206C73D0FC82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935308" collectingDate="2021-01-27" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" location="Corrego do Lama Preta" municipality="Area do Lama Preta" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEFACE2814CFFCEFB68206C73D0FCFB" box="[1218,1447,770,799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Área do Lama Preta</collectingMunicipality>
, cerca de 400 metros a partir do 4º 
<location id="8EEB6043814CFFCEFDA4204E756EFCA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D878E814BFFD8FF22207C7704FE1A:8EEB6043814CFFCEFDA4204E756EFCA7" box="[526,793,806,833]" country="Brazil" municipality="Area do Lama Preta" name="Corrego do Lama Preta" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" stateProvince="Goias">Córrego do Lama Preta</location>
, lado direito da rodagem, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFBEB204E7288FCA6" box="[1089,1279,806,833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-01-27">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFBEB204E7288FCA6" box="[1089,1279,806,833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-01-27">27 January 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFA98204F76BBFC82" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFA98204F733AFCA6" box="[1330,1357,807,832]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFAF2204F731FFCA6" box="[1368,1384,807,832]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva 11635
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFF762022776EFC82" box="[220,281,842,868]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFE8720227706FC82" box="[301,369,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">11636</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFE2B202277C9FC82" box="[385,446,842,868]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFE7920227460FC82" box="[467,535,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">11637</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD8D20227413FC82" box="[551,612,842,868]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFDD2202274CBFC82" box="[632,700,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">11638</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD662022757EFC82" box="[716,777,842,868]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFCB420227515FC82" box="[798,866,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">11639</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFCDB202275D9FC82" box="[881,942,842,868]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFC6920227270FC82" box="[963,1031,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">11640</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFBBD20227223FC82" box="[1047,1108,842,868]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFBC2202272DBFC82" box="[1128,1196,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">11641</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFB162022728EFC82" box="[1212,1273,842,868]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFAA420227325FC82" box="[1294,1362,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">11643</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFAC8202273E8FC82" box="[1378,1439,842,868]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFF2220067754FC4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935324" collectingDate="2021-06-23" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" elevation="718" latitude="-14.66" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.43028" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="718" stateProvince="Goias">
ibd., 
<specimenCount id="9D32FD11814CFFCEFF6A20067779FC6F" box="[192,270,878,905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFF6A2006777EFC6F" box="[192,265,878,905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.18" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="718.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFF6A2006777EFC6F" box="[192,265,878,905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.18" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="718.0">718 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFEFF200677ABFC6E" box="[341,476,878,904]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-14.66">14°39’36”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFE4D20067401FC6F" box="[487,630,878,905]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-48.43028">48°25’49”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFD2B2006756FFC6E" box="[641,792,878,905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-06-23">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFD2B2006756FFC6E" box="[641,792,878,905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-06-23">23 June 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFCE22007727CFC6E" box="[840,1035,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFCE220077514FC6E" box="[840,867,879,904]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFCC72007750AFC6E" box="[877,893,879,904]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva 12717
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFBB320067221FC6E" box="[1049,1110,878,904]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFBC3200672D8FC6E" box="[1129,1199,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12718</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFB172006728DFC6E" box="[1213,1274,878,904]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFAA720067324FC6E" box="[1293,1363,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12719</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFAC8200673E8FC6E" box="[1378,1439,878,904]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFF2220FA76B9FC4A" box="[136,206,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12720</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFF7620FA776DFC4A" box="[220,282,914,940]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFE8720FC74D8FC36" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935313" collectingDate="2020-01-25" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" elevation="724" latitude="-14.662499" location="Mirante" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.45861" municipality="Area do Mirante" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="724" stateProvince="Goias">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEFACE2814CFFCEFE8720FC779FFC4A" box="[301,488,914,943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Área do Mirante</collectingMunicipality>
, ca. 400 metros a leste do 
<location id="8EEB6043814CFFCEFCA120FA7510FC4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D878E814BFFD8FF22207C7704FE1A:8EEB6043814CFFCEFCA120FA7510FC4A" box="[779,871,914,940]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.662499" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.45861" municipality="Area do Mirante" name="Mirante" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" stateProvince="Goias">Mirante</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFCDB20FA758FFC4B" box="[881,1016,914,941]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-14.662499">14°39’45”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFBA920FA72E6FC4A" box="[1027,1169,914,940]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-48.45861">48°27’31”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D32FD11814CFFCEFB3720FA729DFC4B" box="[1181,1258,914,941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFB3720FA7291FC4B" box="[1181,1254,914,941]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.24" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="724.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFB3720FA7291FC4B" box="[1181,1254,914,941]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.24" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="724.0">724 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l., 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFA9820FA76B4FC36" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2020-01-25">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFA9820FA76B4FC36" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2020-01-25">25 January 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFF5920DF77C1FC36" box="[243,438,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFF5920DF7779FC36" box="[243,270,951,976]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFEB220DF775FFC36" box="[280,296,951,976]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva 10585
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFE6F20DE7475FC36" box="[453,514,950,976]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFDBF20DE742CFC36" box="[533,603,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">10586</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFDC320DE74D0FC36" box="[617,679,950,976]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFD1020D077BFFBFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935306" collectingDate="2021-01-27" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" elevation="647" latitude="-14.618611" location="Romao" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.45139" municipality="Area do Pasto do Romao" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="647" stateProvince="Goias">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEFACE2814CFFCEFD1020D075A4FC37" box="[698,979,950,979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Área do Pasto do Romão</collectingMunicipality>
, 100 metros a partir da estrada que leva ao pasto do 
<location id="8EEB6043814CFFCEFF4120B37748FC13" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D878E814BFFD8FF22207C7704FE1A:8EEB6043814CFFCEFF4120B37748FC13" box="[235,319,987,1013]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.618611" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.45139" municipality="Area do Pasto do Romao" name="Romao" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" stateProvince="Goias">Romão</location>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D32FD11814CFFCEFEE320B277E1FC13" box="[329,406,986,1013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFEE320B277E5FC13" box="[329,402,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.47" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="647.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFEE320B277E5FC13" box="[329,402,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.47" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="647.0">647 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFE7720B27413FC12" box="[477,612,986,1012]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="07" value="-14.618611">14°37’07”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFDC520B27489FC13" box="[623,766,986,1013]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-48.45139">48°27’05”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFCA320B275B4FC12" box="[777,963,986,1013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-01-27">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFCA320B275B4FC12" box="[777,963,986,1013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-01-27">27 January 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFC5820B372C5FC12" box="[1010,1202,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFC5820B3727AFC12" box="[1010,1037,987,1012]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFBBC20B37251FC12" box="[1046,1062,987,1012]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva 11668
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFB6A20B2728AFC12" box="[1216,1277,986,1012]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFABA20B27323FC12" box="[1296,1364,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">11669</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFAC820B273E8FC12" box="[1378,1439,986,1012]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFF22209676BBFBFE" box="[136,204,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">11670</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFF762096776EFBFE" box="[220,281,1022,1048]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFE8420967705FBFE" box="[302,370,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">11671</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFE28209677B7FBFE" box="[386,448,1022,1048]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFE7F209672F5FBDA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935321" collectingDate="2021-01-27" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" elevation="656" latitude="-14.618889" location="Romao" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.451668" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="656" stateProvince="Goias">
ibd., ca. 200 metros a partir da porteira do pasto do 
<location id="8EEB6043814CFFCEFB8F2097720EFBFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D878E814BFFD8FF22207C7704FE1A:8EEB6043814CFFCEFB8F2097720EFBFF" box="[1061,1145,1023,1049]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.618889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.451668" name="Romao" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" stateProvince="Goias">Romão</location>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D32FD11814CFFCEFB2F209672A2FBFF" box="[1157,1237,1022,1049]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFB2F209672A7FBFF" box="[1157,1232,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.56" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="656.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFB2F209672A7FBFF" box="[1157,1232,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.56" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="656.0">656 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFA8A209673D0FBFE" box="[1312,1447,1022,1048]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-14.618889">14°37’08”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFF22274A776FFBDA" box="[136,280,1058,1084]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-48.451668">48°27’06”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFE8E274A7794FBDA" box="[292,483,1058,1085]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-01-27">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFE8E274A7794FBDA" box="[292,483,1058,1085]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-01-27">27 January 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFDBD274B74A9FBDA" box="[535,734,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFDBD274B7445FBDA" box="[535,562,1059,1084]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD94274B7439FBDA" box="[574,590,1059,1084]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva 11679
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD45274A755BFBDA" box="[751,812,1058,1084]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFCEB274A75F2FBDA" box="[833,901,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">11680</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFC3F274A75A5FBDA" box="[917,978,1058,1084]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFC4D274A725CFBDA" box="[999,1067,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">11681</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFB96274A720DFBDA" box="[1084,1146,1058,1084]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFB24274A7363FB86" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935301" collectingDate="2021-06-24" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" elevation="150" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias">
ibd., cerrado ralo ca. 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFA2B274A76E9FB87" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="150.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFA2B274A76E9FB87" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
</quantity>
após a mata, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFE96272E77BDFB86" box="[316,458,1094,1121]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-06-24">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFE96272E77BDFB86" box="[316,458,1094,1121]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2021-06-24">24 Jun 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFE57272F74B2FB86" box="[509,709,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFE57272F746FFB86" box="[509,536,1095,1120]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD8E272F7443FB86" box="[548,564,1095,1120]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva 12796
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD7C272E7564FB86" box="[726,787,1094,1120]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFC8D272E751AFB86" box="[807,877,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12797</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFCD4272E75CCFB86" box="[894,955,1094,1120]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFC65272E7262FB86" box="[975,1045,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12798</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFB8C272E7214FB86" box="[1062,1123,1094,1120]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFBDD272E72CAFB86" box="[1143,1213,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12799</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFB64272E737BFB86" box="[1230,1292,1094,1120]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFA8A2720758FFB4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935310" collectingDate="2020-01-25" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" country="Brazil" county="Area do Rio Trairas" elevation="630" latitude="-14.609445" location="rio Trairas" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.477222" municipality="Ponte" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="630" stateProvince="Goias">
<collectingCounty id="62EA4E14814CFFCEFA8A272076AEFB62" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Área do Rio Traíras</collectingCounty>
, ca. 100 metros antes de chegar à 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEFACE2814CFFCEFDCE270374D3FB63" box="[612,676,1131,1157]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Ponte</collectingMunicipality>
do 
<location id="8EEB6043814CFFCEFD7B2702753DFB62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D878E814BFFD8FF22207C7704FE1A:8EEB6043814CFFCEFD7B2702753DFB62" box="[721,842,1130,1156]" country="Brazil" county="Area do Rio Trairas" latitude="-14.609445" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-48.477222" municipality="Ponte" name="rio Trairas" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" stateProvince="Goias">rio Traíras</location>
, cerrado típico na lateral esquerda da estrada, 
<specimenCount id="9D32FD11814CFFCEFAF6270273DBFB63" box="[1372,1452,1130,1157]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFAF6270273DFFB63" box="[1372,1448,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="630.0">
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFAF6270273DFFB63" box="[1372,1448,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="630.0">630 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFF6027E67726FB4E" box="[202,337,1166,1192]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="34" value="-14.609445">14°36’34”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFEF727E6779BFB4E" box="[349,492,1166,1192]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-48.477222">48°28’38”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFE5227E674C3FB4E" box="[504,692,1166,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2020-01-25">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFE5227E674C3FB4E" box="[504,692,1166,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2020-01-25">25 January 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFD4F27E775D4FB4E" box="[741,931,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD4F27E77576FB4E" box="[741,769,1167,1192]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFCAE27E77564FB4E" box="[772,787,1167,1192]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva 10536
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFC1827E67587FB4E" box="[946,1008,1166,1192]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFBAE27E67715FB16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935322" collectingDate="2020-01-25" collectionCode="UFG" collectorName="M. J. Silva" country="Brazil" elevation="0" latitude="-14.610278" location="Trairas" longitude="-48.481667" municipality="Trairas" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias">
ibd., ca. 250 metros antes da ponte do 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEFACE2814CFFCEFF2227DA76AEFB2A" box="[136,217,1202,1228]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Traíras</collectingMunicipality>
, na lateral esquerda da trilha do 
<location id="8EEB6043814CFFCEFDE127DA74EBFB2A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D878E814BFFD8FF22207C7704FE1A:8EEB6043814CFFCEFDE127DA74EBFB2A" box="[587,668,1202,1228]" country="Brazil" longitude="-48.481667" municipality="Trairas" name="Trairas" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" stateProvince="Goias">Traíras</location>
, 
<elevation id="0019D1AB814CFFCEFD0227DA748FFB2B" box="[680,760,1202,1229]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFD0227DA7484FB2B" box="[680,755,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.68" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="668.0">668 m</quantity>
.
</elevation>
a.s.l., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFCE827DA75A0FB2B" box="[834,983,1202,1229]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="34" value="-14.610278">14°365’37”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE00505F814CFFCEFC4E27DA7203FB2B" box="[996,1140,1202,1229]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-48.481667">48°28’54”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFB2A27DA7349FB2A" box="[1152,1342,1202,1229]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2020-01-25">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFB2A27DA7349FB2A" box="[1152,1342,1202,1229]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2020-01-25">25 January 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl., 
<collectorName id="26C1534E814CFFCEFADB27DB76B7FB16" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFADB27DB76B7FB16" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">M. J. Silva</emphasis>
</collectorName>
10539 (
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFEB627BE772DFB16" box="[284,346,1238,1264]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12703" name="Universidade Federal de Goiás" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">UFG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B5C3CC5814CFFCEFEC727BE720DFAF2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3830935314" collectingDate="2020-01-25" collectionCode="UFG, M, J" collectorName="Cerrado" country="Brazil" location="rio Trairas" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFEC727BE77F4FB16" box="[365,387,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">ib</emphasis>
., ca. 400 metros após a ponte do 
<location id="8EEB6043814CFFCEFD5327BE7518FB16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D878E814BFFD8FF22207C7704FE1A:8EEB6043814CFFCEFD5327BE7518FB16" box="[761,879,1238,1264]" country="Brazil" name="rio Trairas" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" stateProvince="Goias">rio Traíras</location>
, cerca de 350 metros para dentro do 
<collectorName id="26C1534E814CFFCEFAA127BE7312FB16" box="[1291,1381,1238,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Cerrado</collectorName>
típico do lado esquerdo da estrada, 
<date id="FF8A1058814CFFCEFE67279274FEFAF2" box="[461,649,1274,1301]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2020-01-25">
<collectingDate id="EFCEE9B0814CFFCEFE67279274FEFAF2" box="[461,649,1274,1301]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" value="2020-01-25">25 January 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl., 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFD1027937508FAF2" box="[698,895,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD10279374A2FAF2" box="[698,725,1275,1300]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED25AE5D814CFFCEFD4A27937487FAF2" box="[736,752,1275,1300]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Silva 10558
</emphasis>
(UFG), 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFC7527927252FAF2" box="[991,1061,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">10560</emphasis>
(UFG)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6513814CFFCEFF17267673E3FA42" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8B3698814CFFCEFF17267673E3FA42" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFF172676779DFADE" bold="true" box="[189,490,1310,1336]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B814CFFCEFDA72676755DFADE" box="[525,810,1310,1336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFDA72676755DFADE" box="[525,810,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been encountered so far in the Legado Verdes do Cerrado Private Sustainable Development Reserve, in the municipality of Niquelândia, 
<collectingRegion id="49F0F87A814CFFCEFBC5262A7283FABA" box="[1135,1268,1346,1372]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Goiás State</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3237608814CFFCEFAAB262A7332FABA" box="[1281,1349,1346,1372]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D814CFFCEFAFD262A73E9FABA" box="[1367,1438,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1724,1746]" captionTargetBox="[176,1403,220,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,190,1699]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution of Copaifera appendiculata M. J. Silva: a map of Brazil, highlighting Goiás State in gray. b map of Goiás State, its limits, and elevational variations. c Municipality of Niquelândia, (dotted area) with species distribution points. Abbreviations for the Brazilian states (BA, Bahia; GO, Goiás; MG, Minas Gerais; MS, Mato Grosso do Sul; MT, Mato Grosso; TO, Tocantins) and the Federal District (DF)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691064/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Grows in “cerrado típicos”, “cerrados ralos”, “campos sujos”, and in the transition from “campos sujos” to “cerrados ralos”, on sandy-clay, litholic, and stony-clayey soils in level areas, slopes, or hilltops between 618 and 
<specimenCount id="9D32FD11814CFFCEFAB826E27313FA42" box="[1298,1380,1418,1445]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFAB826E27317FA42" box="[1298,1376,1418,1445]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.529999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="753.0">753 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6513814CFFCEFF1726C672DEFA2E" box="[189,1193,1454,1481]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8B3698814CFFCEFF1726C672DEFA2E" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" box="[189,1193,1454,1481]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFF1726C6774EFA2E" bold="true" box="[189,313,1454,1480]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Phenology</emphasis>
:—Species collected with flowers in January and fruits in April, June and July.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6513814CFFCEFF1726BA722EF9F7" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8B3698814CFFCEFF1726BA722EF9F7" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFF1726BA7749FA0A" bold="true" box="[189,318,1490,1516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The specific epithet “appendiculata” refers to the leaf rachis of the new species with a conspicuous terminal appendix, a character not mentioned in the specialized literature for the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6513814CFFCEFF17257274B0F9BF" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8B8B3698814CFFCEFF17257274B0F9BF" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFF17257277FDF9D2" bold="true" box="[189,394,1562,1588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Vernacular name</emphasis>
:—“Pau-de-óleo mirim” and “copaibinha” according to the employees at the Legado Verdes do Cerrado Sustainable Development Private Reserve.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6513814CFFCEFF17250A77DBF8EA" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B8B3698814CFFCEFF17250A77DBF8EA" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFF17250A7460F99A" bold="true" box="[189,535,1634,1660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Proposed conservation status</emphasis>
:—The conservation status of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B814CFFCEFCCF250A720AF99A" box="[869,1149,1634,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFCCF250A720AF99A" box="[869,1149,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was classified as Critically Endangered [CR, B1b (i, ii, iii, iv, v), as it is known from fewer than 10 localities and has an Extent of Occurrence of ca. 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFF0525C2776EF922" box="[175,281,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.542" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="km" value="75.42">75.42 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C419BD0814CFFCEFEB325C27756F95E" attach="left" box="[281,289,1706,1720]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">2</superScript>
. Additionally, most populations of this species have less than 20 individuals, and although they grow in an area protected by law, some sites demonstrate anthropic disturbances caused by the removal of the native vegetation and agricultural activities.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6513814CFFD8FF17247E7704FE1A" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8B3698814CFFC3FF17247E72A0FE3F" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" lastBlockId="8.[136,1452,158,761]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFF17247E7777F8D6" bold="true" box="[189,256,1814,1840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Notes</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B814CFFCEFE8E247E744AF8D6" box="[292,573,1814,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814CFFCEFE8E247E744AF8D6" box="[292,573,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily recognized as a shrub 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFC34247E7253F8D7" box="[926,1060,1814,1841]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="1.15" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="0.6">0.6 to 1.7 m</quantity>
tall, leaves commonly with 2–3(4) pairs of leaflets, oblong, oblong-elliptic, elliptic-falcate or elliptic, the proximal leaflets similar to distal ones in size, with coriaceous blades, nerviform and ciliate margins, glabrescent adaxial surface, glabrescent abaxial surface, or slightly tomentose at least in the midrib, petioles and rachis striated, glabrescent or tomentose, the trichomes yellowish, rusty, or cinereous, the rachis with a spiny prolongation; stipules evident, 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D814CFFCEFC0424CE725EF827" box="[942,1065,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" unit="cm" value="1.7999999999999998" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.3">1.3–2.3 cm</quantity>
long, panicles usually smaller than the underlying leaves, flowers sessile with lanceolate, oval-lanceolate or elliptic sepals, densely sericeous internally, sparsely to densely sericeous externally, with conspicuous secretory cavities, in addition to ellipsoidal or orbicular fruits with asymmetrically attenuated bases and seeds with an orange aril.Among the subshrubby or shrubby species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FF0223F6776DFF5E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" box="[168,282,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FF0223F6776DFF5E" box="[168,282,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Copaifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present in the Cerrado, 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FD9823F7756BFF5E" authority="Benth." authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[562,796,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FD9823F774BFFF5E" box="[562,712,159,185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. marginata</emphasis>
Benth.
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8141FFC3FC8623F675D3FF5E" box="[812,932,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[193,1402,197,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[152,1435,187,1927]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Copaifera marginata Benth.: a habit, note its shrubby and cespitose aspect. b inflorescence. c portion of the inflorescence, note the light green elliptic buds. d fruiting branch, note the purplish or reddish fruits when mature. e imature seed, note the white aril. (Photographs by M. J. Silva)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691046/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Figs. 3a–e</figureCitation>
) is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FB2C23F7733EFF5E" box="[1158,1353,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FB2C23F7733EFF5E" box="[1158,1353,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as both share a shrubby habit, leaves with 2 to 4 pairs of coriaceous leaflets, similar in size and poorly differentiated on both surfaces, in addition to the rachis and petiole indumented, flowers sessile with sepals indumented on both surfaces. 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FF222263773AFEC2" box="[136,333,266,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FF222263773AFEC2" box="[136,333,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished, however, by the leaf rachis having a spiny prolongation (
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FB5C22637363FEC2" box="[1270,1300,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">vs.</emphasis>
absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FA382263768BFEAE" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FA382263768BFEAE" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), leaflets with or without visible translucent points, margins nerviform, flat, and usually ciliated (
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FA9822477327FEAE" box="[1330,1360,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">vs.</emphasis>
without visible translucent points, cartilaginous, revolute, and with non-ciliated margins), panicles smaller or slightly larger than the underlying leaves (
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FE15221F77AAFE76" box="[447,477,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">vs.</emphasis>
two to three times larger than the underlying leaves), ovary ellipsoidal, densely villous throughout (
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FEBE22F3775CFE52" box="[276,299,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">vs</emphasis>
. ovary pubescent on margins), fruits brown with margins glabrous (
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FB8422F3723AFE52" box="[1070,1101,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">vs.</emphasis>
purplish or reddish, tomentose or pubescent), and seeds orbicular or elliptic-orbicular with orange aril (
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FC1A22D775B9FE3E" box="[944,974,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">vs.</emphasis>
oblong with white aril)
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4B6610814FFFCDFF2224F577D4F81D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691046" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6691046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691046/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" startId="6.[136,229,1949,1971]" targetBox="[193,1402,197,1905]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B8B3698814FFFCDFF2224F577D4F81D" blockId="6.[136,1452,1949,2043]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814FFFCDFF2224F57689F854" bold="true" box="[136,254,1949,1971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B814FFFCDFEAF24F6746CF855" authority="Benth." authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[261,539,1949,1971]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814FFFCDFEAF24F677A7F855" box="[261,464,1950,1971]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">Copaifera marginata</emphasis>
Benth.
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814FFFCDFD8E24F67447F855" bold="true" box="[548,560,1950,1971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">a</emphasis>
habit, note its shrubby and cespitose aspect. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814FFFCDFC4D24F67583F855" bold="true" box="[999,1012,1950,1971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">b</emphasis>
inflorescence. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814FFFCDFB2324F672E3F855" bold="true" box="[1161,1172,1950,1971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">c</emphasis>
portion of the inflorescence, note the light green elliptic buds. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814FFFCDFE7A24AA77AAF831" bold="true" box="[464,477,1986,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">d</emphasis>
fruiting branch, note the purplish or reddish fruits when mature. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814FFFCDFBF024AA7212F831" bold="true" box="[1114,1125,1986,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">e</emphasis>
imature seed, note the white aril. (Photographs by M. J. Silva).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4B6610814EFFCCFF2225D4777BF8D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691064" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6691064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691064/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" startId="7.[136,229,1724,1746]" targetBox="[176,1403,220,1676]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B8B3698814EFFCCFF2225D4777BF8D8" blockId="7.[136,1452,1724,1854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814EFFCCFF2225D4768AF937" bold="true" box="[136,253,1724,1746]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B814EFFCCFE3C25D47480F934" authority="M. J. Silva" authorityName="M. J. Silva" box="[406,759,1724,1746]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814EFFCCFE3C25D474F1F937" box="[406,646,1724,1745]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
M. J. Silva
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814EFFCCFCAA25D4757BF937" bold="true" box="[768,780,1724,1745]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">a</emphasis>
map of Brazil, highlighting Goiás State in gray. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814EFFCCFB7625D4729EF937" bold="true" box="[1244,1257,1724,1745]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">b</emphasis>
map of Goiás State, its limits, and elevational variations. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A814EFFCCFE452588778DF913" bold="true" box="[495,506,1760,1781]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">c</emphasis>
Municipality of Niquelândia, (dotted area) with species distribution points. Abbreviations for the Brazilian states (BA, 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B814EFFCCFEFD246C77E5F8FC" box="[343,402,1796,1818]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bahia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bahia</taxonomicName>
; GO, Goiás; MG, Minas Gerais; MS, Mato Grosso do Sul; MT, Mato Grosso; TO, Tocantins) and the Federal District (DF).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988141FFC3FF17228A7499FD1E" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FF17228A7758FE1A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" box="[189,303,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FF17228A7758FE1A" box="[189,303,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Copaifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a complex genus, and its dwarf Cerrado species are consistently mistakenly identified in herbarium collections (e.g., CEN, UB, IBGE), and the literature concerning the genus dealing with species from the Cerrado biome (e.g., Costa 2007, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698141FFC3FE092142741EFDA3" author="Souza, V. C. &amp; Toledo, C. A. P. &amp; Araujo, A. O. &amp; Rando, J. G." box="[419,617,554,581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref16576" refString="Souza, V. C., Toledo, C. A. P., Araujo, A. O. &amp; Rando, J. G. (2016) Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (exceto Bauhinia e Chamaecrista) In: Flora dos estados de Goias e Tocantins. Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania. pp. 1 - 147." type="book chapter" year="2016">
Souza 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FE452143745FFDA2" box="[495,552,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
) provide poorly informative descriptions and keys often have overlapping characteristics. As a result, other subshrubby or shrubby 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FD55212675BFFD8E" box="[767,968,590,616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FD5521267506FD8E" box="[767,881,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Copaifera</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FB9A212772DBFD8E" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[1072,1196,590,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elliptica">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FB9A212772DBFD8E" box="[1072,1196,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. elliptica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FB13212773D0FD8F" authority="Dwyer" authorityName="Dwyer" authorityYear="1954" box="[1209,1447,590,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnifolia">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FB1321277325FD8E" box="[1209,1362,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. magnifolia</emphasis>
Dwyer
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FF22211B7722FD6B" authority="Harms" authorityName="Harms" authorityYear="1924" box="[136,341,626,653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malmei">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FF22211B7689FD6A" box="[136,254,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. malmei</emphasis>
Harms
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FE3C211B7439FD6B" authority="Rizzini" authorityName="Rizzini" authorityYear="1971" box="[406,590,626,653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FE3C211B7786FD6A" box="[406,497,627,653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. nana</emphasis>
Rizzini
</taxonomicName>
) can easily be confused with 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FC03211B721AFD6A" box="[937,1133,626,653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FC03211B721AFD6A" box="[937,1133,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All of those other species, however, have a foliar rachis without any prolongation (
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FD5421FF756BFD56" box="[766,796,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">vs.</emphasis>
prolonged in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FC1321FF720EFD56" box="[953,1145,662,689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FC1321FF720EFD56" box="[953,1145,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and seeds with white arils (
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FF3B21D376C7FD32" box="[145,176,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">vs.</emphasis>
orange), in addition to each being differentiated by other important characters (See Costa 2007, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698141FFC3FB4421D27775FD1E" author="Martins-da-Silva, R. C. V. &amp; Pereira, J. F. &amp; Lima, H. C." pageId="8" pageNumber="135" pagination="455 - 476" refId="ref14586" refString="Martins-da-Silva, R. C. V., Pereira, J. F. &amp; Lima, H. C. (2008) O genero Copaifera (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae) na Amazonia Brasileira. Rodriguesia 59: 455 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 23499872" type="journal article" year="2008">
Martins-da-Silva 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FF2221B776B7FD1E" box="[136,192,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698141FFC3FEA721B677A4FD1F" author="Souza, V. C. &amp; Toledo, C. A. P. &amp; Araujo, A. O. &amp; Rando, J. G." box="[269,467,734,761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref16576" refString="Souza, V. C., Toledo, C. A. P., Araujo, A. O. &amp; Rando, J. G. (2016) Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (exceto Bauhinia e Chamaecrista) In: Flora dos estados de Goias e Tocantins. Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania. pp. 1 - 147." type="book chapter" year="2016">
Souza 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FEF221B777E6FD1E" box="[344,401,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
), as shown in the table 1.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4B66108141FFC3FF22204073E0FCA6" ID-Table-UUID="DF4B66108141FFC3FF22204073E0FCA6" box="[136,1431,808,832]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B66108141FFC3FF22204073E0FCA6" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" startId="8.[136,224,808,832]" targetBox="[144,1437,845,1536]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B8B36988141FFC3FF22204073E0FCA6" blockId="8.[136,1431,808,832]" box="[136,1431,808,832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FF2220407683FCA6" bold="true" box="[136,244,808,832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Differential characters between 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FDFD20407377FCA6" box="[599,1280,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FDFD20407513FCA6" box="[599,868,808,832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">Copaifera appendiculata</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FCC52040759FFCA6" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[879,1000,808,832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elliptica">C. elliptica</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FC59204072FFFCA6" authorityName="Dwyer" authorityYear="1954" box="[1011,1160,808,832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnifolia">C. magnifolia</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FB3920407377FCA6" authorityName="Harms" authorityYear="1924" box="[1171,1280,808,832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malmei">C. malmei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FA91204073E4FCA6" authorityName="Rizzini" authorityYear="1971" box="[1339,1427,808,832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana">C. nana</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988141FFC3FF3A202573EAF9E6" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<table id="F934C43881410034FF3A202573EAF9E6" box="[144,1437,845,1536]" gridcols="6" gridrows="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A202573EAFC85" box="[144,1437,845,867]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D55DA681410034FF3A2025776BFC85" box="[144,284,845,867]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FF3A20257774FC85" bold="true" box="[144,259,845,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D55DA681410034FC8C20257584FC85" box="[806,1011,845,867]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FCFE202575E8FC85" bold="true" box="[852,927,845,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Species</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A200473EAFC64" box="[144,1437,876,898]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE72004744AFC64" box="[333,573,876,898]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FEE720047782FC64" box="[333,501,876,898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FEE720047782FC64" bold="true" box="[333,501,876,898]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FDFC20047572FC64" box="[598,773,876,898]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FDFC200474B6FC64" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[598,705,876,898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elliptica">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FDFC200474B6FC64" bold="true" box="[598,705,876,898]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. elliptica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FC8C20047584FC64" box="[806,1011,876,898]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FC8C200475D9FC64" authorityName="Dwyer" authorityYear="1954" box="[806,942,876,898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnifolia">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FC8C200475D9FC64" bold="true" box="[806,942,876,898]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. magnifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC200472BFFC64" box="[1030,1224,876,898]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FBAC2004721CFC64" authorityName="Harms" authorityYear="1924" box="[1030,1131,876,898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malmei">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FBAC2004721CFC64" bold="true" box="[1030,1131,876,898]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. malmei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB70200473EAFC64" box="[1242,1437,876,898]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FB702004735EFC64" authorityName="Rizzini" authorityYear="1971" box="[1242,1321,876,898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FB702004735EFC64" bold="true" box="[1242,1321,876,898]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A20E473EAFC44" box="[144,1437,908,930]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<th id="76D55DA681410034FF3A20E4776BFC44" box="[144,284,908,930]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Habit</th>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE720E4744AFC44" box="[333,573,908,930]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Shrubby</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FDFC20E47572FC44" box="[598,773,908,930]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Shrubby</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FC8C20E47584FC44" box="[806,1011,908,930]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Shrubby</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC20E472BFFC44" box="[1030,1224,908,930]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Shrubby</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB7020E473EAFC44" box="[1242,1437,908,930]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Subshrubby</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A20C473EAFC24" box="[144,1437,940,962]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<th id="76D55DA681410034FF3A20C4776BFC24" box="[144,284,940,962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Leaflets</th>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE720C4744AFC24" box="[333,573,940,962]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Glabrous on both</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FDFC20C47572FC24" box="[598,773,940,962]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Glabrous on both</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FC8C20C47584FC24" box="[806,1011,940,962]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Glabrous on both</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC20C472BFFC24" box="[1030,1224,940,962]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Indumented on both</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB7020C473EAFC24" box="[1242,1437,940,962]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Glabrous on both</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A20A173EAFC39" box="[144,1437,969,991]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE720A1744AFC39" box="[333,573,969,991]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">surfaces or indumented</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FDFC20A17572FC39" box="[598,773,969,991]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">surfaces</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FC8C20A17584FC39" box="[806,1011,969,991]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">surfaces</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC20A172BFFC39" box="[1030,1224,969,991]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">surfaces</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB7020A173EAFC39" box="[1242,1437,969,991]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">surfaces</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A208F73EAFC1B" box="[144,1437,999,1021]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE7208F744AFC1B" box="[333,573,999,1021]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">along the midrib on the</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A276C73EAFBFC" box="[144,1437,1028,1050]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE7276C744AFBFC" box="[333,573,1028,1050]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">abaxial surface</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A274C73EAFBDC" box="[144,1437,1060,1082]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<th id="76D55DA681410034FF3A274C776BFBDC" box="[144,284,1060,1082]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Translucent</th>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE7274C744AFBDC" box="[333,573,1060,1082]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Present, little or</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FDFC274C7572FBDC" box="[598,773,1060,1082]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Absent or rarely</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FC8C274C7584FBDC" box="[806,1011,1060,1082]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Present or absent</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC274C72BFFBDC" box="[1030,1224,1060,1082]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Absent or poorly</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB70274C73EAFBDC" box="[1242,1437,1060,1082]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Present,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A272973EAFBB1" box="[144,1437,1089,1111]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76D55DA681410034FF3A2729776BFBB1" box="[144,284,1089,1111]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">points on the</th>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE72729744AFBB1" box="[333,573,1089,1111]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">conspicuously visible</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FDFC27297572FBB1" box="[598,773,1089,1111]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">present</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC272972BFFBB1" box="[1030,1224,1089,1111]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">visible</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB70272973EAFBB1" box="[1242,1437,1089,1111]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">conspicuously</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A273673EAFB92" box="[144,1437,1118,1140]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76D55DA681410034FF3A2736776BFB92" box="[144,284,1118,1140]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">leaflets</th>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB70273673EAFB92" box="[1242,1437,1118,1140]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">visible</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A271673EAFB72" box="[144,1437,1150,1172]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<th id="76D55DA681410034FF3A2716776BFB72" box="[144,284,1150,1172]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Number of</th>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE72716744AFB72" box="[333,573,1150,1172]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">2–4</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FDFC27167572FB72" box="[598,773,1150,1172]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">(3) 4–5</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FC8C27167584FB72" box="[806,1011,1150,1172]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">2–4</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC271672BFFB72" box="[1030,1224,1150,1172]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">3–5</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB70271673EAFB72" box="[1242,1437,1150,1172]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">2–3(4)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A27F373EAFB57" box="[144,1437,1179,1201]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D55DA681410034FF3A27F3776BFB57" box="[144,284,1179,1201]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">leaflets pairs</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A27D373EAFB37" box="[144,1437,1211,1233]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<th id="76D55DA681410034FF3A27D3776BFB37" box="[144,284,1211,1233]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Margins of the</th>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE727D3744AFB37" box="[333,573,1211,1233]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Flat</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FDFC27D37572FB37" box="[598,773,1211,1233]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Revolute</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FC8C27D37584FB37" box="[806,1011,1211,1233]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Flat</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC27D372BFFB37" box="[1030,1224,1211,1233]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Flat</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB7027D373EAFB37" box="[1242,1437,1211,1233]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Flat</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A27B073EAFB08" box="[144,1437,1240,1262]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D55DA681410034FF3A27B0776BFB08" box="[144,284,1240,1262]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">leaflets</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A279073EAFAE8" box="[144,1437,1272,1294]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<th id="76D55DA681410034FF3A2790776BFAE8" box="[144,284,1272,1294]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Panicle size</th>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE72790744AFAE8" box="[333,573,1272,1294]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Smaller or slightly larger</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FDFC27907572FAE8" box="[598,773,1272,1294]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">2 × larger than the</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FC8C27907584FAE8" box="[806,1011,1272,1294]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">2 to 3 × larger than</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC279072BFFAE8" box="[1030,1224,1272,1294]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Equal or slightly</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB70279073EAFAE8" box="[1242,1437,1272,1294]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Smaller or slightly</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A267E73EAFACA" box="[144,1437,1302,1324]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE7267E744AFACA" box="[333,573,1302,1324]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">than the underlying</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FDFC267E7572FACA" box="[598,773,1302,1324]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">underlying leaves</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FC8C267E7584FACA" box="[806,1011,1302,1324]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">the underlying leaves</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC267E72BFFACA" box="[1030,1224,1302,1324]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">larger than the</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB70267E73EAFACA" box="[1242,1437,1302,1324]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">larger than the</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A265B73EAFAAF" box="[144,1437,1331,1353]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE7265B744AFAAF" box="[333,573,1331,1353]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">leaves</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC265B72BFFAAF" box="[1030,1224,1331,1353]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">underlying leaves</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB70265B73EAFAAF" box="[1242,1437,1331,1353]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">underlying leaves</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A263B73EAFA8F" box="[144,1437,1363,1385]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<th id="76D55DA681410034FF3A263B776BFA8F" box="[144,284,1363,1385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Sepals</th>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE7263B744AFA8F" box="[333,573,1363,1385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Indumented on both</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FDFC263B7572FA8F" box="[598,773,1363,1385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Glabrous on both</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FC8C263B7584FA8F" box="[806,1011,1363,1385]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Glabrous on both</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC263B72BFFA8F" box="[1030,1224,1363,1385]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Glabrous or</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB70263B73EAFA8F" box="[1242,1437,1363,1385]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Externally glabrous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A261873EAFA60" box="[144,1437,1392,1414]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE72618744AFA60" box="[333,573,1392,1414]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">surfaces</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FDFC26187572FA60" box="[598,773,1392,1414]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">surfaces</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FC8C26187584FA60" box="[806,1011,1392,1414]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">surfaces</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC261872BFFA60" box="[1030,1224,1392,1414]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">indumeted on both</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB70261873EAFA60" box="[1242,1437,1392,1414]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">and internally</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A26E573EAFA45" box="[144,1437,1421,1443]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC26E572BFFA45" box="[1030,1224,1421,1443]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">surfaces</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB7026E573EAFA45" box="[1242,1437,1421,1443]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">sericeous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A26C573EAFA25" box="[144,1437,1453,1475]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<th id="76D55DA681410034FF3A26C5776BFA25" box="[144,284,1453,1475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Ovary</th>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE726C5744AFA25" box="[333,573,1453,1475]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Indumented throughout</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FDFC26C57572FA25" box="[598,773,1453,1475]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Glabrous</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FC8C26C57584FA25" box="[806,1011,1453,1475]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Glabrous</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC26C572BFFA25" box="[1030,1224,1453,1475]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Indumented along</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB7026C573EAFA25" box="[1242,1437,1453,1475]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Indumented along</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A26A273EAFA06" box="[144,1437,1482,1504]" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC26A272BFFA06" box="[1030,1224,1482,1504]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">the margin</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB7026A273EAFA06" box="[1242,1437,1482,1504]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">the margin and base</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434DA81410034FF3A268273EAF9E6" box="[144,1437,1514,1536]" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<th id="76D55DA681410034FF3A2682776BF9E6" box="[144,284,1514,1536]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Fruits</th>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FEE72682744AF9E6" box="[333,573,1514,1536]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Glabrous</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FDFC26827572F9E6" box="[598,773,1514,1536]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Glabrous</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FC8C26827584F9E6" box="[806,1011,1514,1536]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Glabrous</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FBAC268272BFF9E6" box="[1030,1224,1514,1536]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Pubescent at margin</td>
<td id="76D55DA681410034FB70268273EAF9E6" box="[1242,1437,1514,1536]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Pubescent at margin</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988141FFC2FF1725447351FF3B" blockId="8.[136,1452,1580,2075]" lastBlockId="9.[136,1452,158,221]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FF17254477C0F9A1" bold="true" box="[189,439,1580,1607]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Leaf anatomical data</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FE7025447483F9A0" box="[474,756,1580,1606]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FE7025447483F9A0" box="[474,756,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has petioles with cordate contours in cross section (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8141FFC3FAE1254473EAF9A1" box="[1355,1437,1580,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-51@9.[151,1436,243,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross-section of the petioles of Copaifera appendiculata (a–g) and C. marginata (h–n): a, h general aspect of the petiole. b, i detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. c, j general aspect of the adaxial surface. d and k general aspects of the abaxial surface. e accessory vascular bundle. f, l detail of the larger vascular bundle. g, n detail of the secretory cavity. m detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Fig. 5a</figureCitation>
), while 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FF67253977C4F98C" authority="Benth." authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[205,435,1616,1643]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FF6725397715F98C" box="[205,354,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. marginata</emphasis>
Benth.
</taxonomicName>
has petioles with plano-convex contours (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8141FFC3FC20253875A9F98D" box="[906,990,1616,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-51@9.[151,1436,243,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross-section of the petioles of Copaifera appendiculata (a–g) and C. marginata (h–n): a, h general aspect of the petiole. b, i detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. c, j general aspect of the adaxial surface. d and k general aspects of the abaxial surface. e accessory vascular bundle. f, l detail of the larger vascular bundle. g, n detail of the secretory cavity. m detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Fig. 5h</figureCitation>
); both species have petioles covered by a thick cuticle, an unistratified epidermis with rectangular, quadrangular or, less frequently, rounded common cells with thickened walls (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8141FFC3FEEE25F077AFF955" box="[324,472,1688,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-51@9.[151,1436,243,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross-section of the petioles of Copaifera appendiculata (a–g) and C. marginata (h–n): a, h general aspect of the petiole. b, i detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. c, j general aspect of the adaxial surface. d and k general aspects of the abaxial surface. e accessory vascular bundle. f, l detail of the larger vascular bundle. g, n detail of the secretory cavity. m detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Fig. 5b, c, i, j</figureCitation>
); in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FDA225F174EBF954" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[520,668,1689,1715]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FDA225F174EBF954" box="[520,668,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the cuticle is thicker and the common epidermal cells contain phenolic compounds (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8141FFC3FEB325D47710F931" box="[281,359,1724,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-51@9.[151,1436,243,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross-section of the petioles of Copaifera appendiculata (a–g) and C. marginata (h–n): a, h general aspect of the petiole. b, i detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. c, j general aspect of the adaxial surface. d and k general aspects of the abaxial surface. e accessory vascular bundle. f, l detail of the larger vascular bundle. g, n detail of the secretory cavity. m detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Fig. 5i</figureCitation>
). The latter species exhibits an unistratified hypodermis with rounded cells with thickened walls (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8141FFC3FF3A25887689F91D" box="[144,254,1760,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-51@9.[151,1436,243,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross-section of the petioles of Copaifera appendiculata (a–g) and C. marginata (h–n): a, h general aspect of the petiole. b, i detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. c, j general aspect of the adaxial surface. d and k general aspects of the abaxial surface. e accessory vascular bundle. f, l detail of the larger vascular bundle. g, n detail of the secretory cavity. m detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Fig. 5i, k</figureCitation>
). The cortex of the species studied here comprises 1–3 layers of angular collenchyma cells (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8141FFC3FA80258873E9F91D" box="[1322,1438,1760,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-51@9.[151,1436,243,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross-section of the petioles of Copaifera appendiculata (a–g) and C. marginata (h–n): a, h general aspect of the petiole. b, i detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. c, j general aspect of the adaxial surface. d and k general aspects of the abaxial surface. e accessory vascular bundle. f, l detail of the larger vascular bundle. g, n detail of the secretory cavity. m detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Fig. 5b, k</figureCitation>
), secretory cavities with wide lumens, and juxtaposed, elliptic and rounded secretory epithelial cells with thin peri- and anticlinal walls, diffusely distributed between the parenchyma cells (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8141FFC3FC2024407236F8A5" box="[906,1089,1832,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-51@9.[151,1436,243,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross-section of the petioles of Copaifera appendiculata (a–g) and C. marginata (h–n): a, h general aspect of the petiole. b, i detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. c, j general aspect of the adaxial surface. d and k general aspects of the abaxial surface. e accessory vascular bundle. f, l detail of the larger vascular bundle. g, n detail of the secretory cavity. m detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Fig. 5c, f, g, i, n</figureCitation>
). Those cells are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of different classes of secondary metabolites and substances with lipophilic natures into the lumens of the secretory cavities (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8141FFC3FD84241874F4F86D" box="[558,643,1904,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-51@9.[151,1436,243,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross-section of the petioles of Copaifera appendiculata (a–g) and C. marginata (h–n): a, h general aspect of the petiole. b, i detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. c, j general aspect of the adaxial surface. d and k general aspects of the abaxial surface. e accessory vascular bundle. f, l detail of the larger vascular bundle. g, n detail of the secretory cavity. m detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Fig. 5k</figureCitation>
). Both species have a vascular system composed of collateral bundles, although 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FF5924FD77C2F848" box="[243,437,1940,1967]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FF5924FD77C2F848" box="[243,437,1940,1967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a main vascular bundle in a closed arch, and 10 accessory vascular bundles, five on each side (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8141FFC3FEAB24D07725F835" box="[257,338,1976,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-51@9.[151,1436,243,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross-section of the petioles of Copaifera appendiculata (a–g) and C. marginata (h–n): a, h general aspect of the petiole. b, i detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. c, j general aspect of the adaxial surface. d and k general aspects of the abaxial surface. e accessory vascular bundle. f, l detail of the larger vascular bundle. g, n detail of the secretory cavity. m detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Fig. 5a</figureCitation>
), while 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FE0524D17432F834" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[431,581,1977,2003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FE0524D17432F834" box="[431,581,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only one central vascular bundle (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8141FFC3FC5324D07239F835" box="[1017,1102,1976,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-51@9.[151,1436,243,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross-section of the petioles of Copaifera appendiculata (a–g) and C. marginata (h–n): a, h general aspect of the petiole. b, i detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. c, j general aspect of the adaxial surface. d and k general aspects of the abaxial surface. e accessory vascular bundle. f, l detail of the larger vascular bundle. g, n detail of the secretory cavity. m detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Fig. 5h</figureCitation>
). The vascular bundles of both species are surrounded by gelatinous and libriform fibers; in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8141FFC3FC8124B575C8F810" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[811,959,2013,2039]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8141FFC3FC8124B575C8F810" box="[811,959,2013,2039]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are interspersed between the fibers and diffused by the parenchyma occur sclereids (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8141FFC3FDD32B687572F7FD" box="[633,773,2048,2075]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-51@9.[151,1436,243,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross-section of the petioles of Copaifera appendiculata (a–g) and C. marginata (h–n): a, h general aspect of the petiole. b, i detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. c, j general aspect of the adaxial surface. d and k general aspects of the abaxial surface. e accessory vascular bundle. f, l detail of the larger vascular bundle. g, n detail of the secretory cavity. m detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Fig. 5i, k, m</figureCitation>
). In both taxa, the large-caliber vascular bundle contains pith with parenchyma cells and secretory cavities (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8140FFC2FD2023F674AFFF5F" box="[650,728,158,185]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-51@9.[151,1436,243,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross-section of the petioles of Copaifera appendiculata (a–g) and C. marginata (h–n): a, h general aspect of the petiole. b, i detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. c, j general aspect of the adaxial surface. d and k general aspects of the abaxial surface. e accessory vascular bundle. f, l detail of the larger vascular bundle. g, n detail of the secretory cavity. m detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Fig. 5f</figureCitation>
). Non-glandular trichomes are found in both species, being more common in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8140FFC2FEA423AB77D4FF3A" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[270,419,195,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FEA423AB77D4FF3A" box="[270,419,195,221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8140FFC2FE1B23AA778AFF3B" box="[433,509,194,221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-51@9.[151,1436,243,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross-section of the petioles of Copaifera appendiculata (a–g) and C. marginata (h–n): a, h general aspect of the petiole. b, i detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. c, j general aspect of the adaxial surface. d and k general aspects of the abaxial surface. e accessory vascular bundle. f, l detail of the larger vascular bundle. g, n detail of the secretory cavity. m detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Fig. 5j</figureCitation>
), which also has polyhedral crystals associated with the fibers (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8140FFC2FB6F23AA736EFF3B" box="[1221,1305,194,221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-51@9.[151,1436,243,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cross-section of the petioles of Copaifera appendiculata (a–g) and C. marginata (h–n): a, h general aspect of the petiole. b, i detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. c, j general aspect of the adaxial surface. d and k general aspects of the abaxial surface. e accessory vascular bundle. f, l detail of the larger vascular bundle. g, n detail of the secretory cavity. m detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Fig. 5k</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4B66108140FFC2FF222454771DF7CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691066" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6691066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691066/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" startId="9.[136,229,1852,1874]" targetBox="[188,1413,263,1798]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8B8B36988140FFC2FF222454771DF7CF" blockId="9.[136,1453,1852,2090]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FF2224547688F8B7" bold="true" box="[136,255,1852,1874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Cross-section of the petioles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8140FFC2FD9624547559F8B7" box="[572,814,1852,1873]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FD9624547559F8B7" box="[572,814,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FC9724547516F8B7" bold="true" box="[829,865,1852,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">a–g</emphasis>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8140FFC2FC302454726DF8B7" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[922,1050,1852,1873]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FC302454726DF8B7" box="[922,1050,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FB8324547227F8B7" bold="true" box="[1065,1104,1852,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">h–n</emphasis>
): 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FBCC24547205F8B7" bold="true" box="[1126,1138,1852,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">a</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FBD5245472FBF8B7" bold="true" box="[1151,1164,1852,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">h</emphasis>
general aspect of the petiole. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FF22240876E2F893" bold="true" box="[136,149,1888,1909]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">b</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FF08240876DEF890" bold="true" box="[162,169,1888,1910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">i</emphasis>
detail of the epidermis and internal tissues. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FDFA2408742CF893" bold="true" box="[592,603,1888,1909]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">c</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FDCD24087418F890" bold="true" box="[615,623,1888,1910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">j</emphasis>
general aspect of the adaxial surface. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FC742408759CF893" bold="true" box="[990,1003,1888,1909]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">d</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FBB12408725FF893" bold="true" box="[1051,1064,1888,1909]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">k</emphasis>
general aspects of the abaxial surface. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FA0B240873DBF893" bold="true" box="[1441,1452,1888,1909]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">e</emphasis>
accessory vascular bundle. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FE3B24EC77EEF87C" bold="true" box="[401,409,1924,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">f</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FE0F24EC77DBF87F" bold="true" box="[421,428,1924,1945]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">l</emphasis>
detail of the larger vascular bundle. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FCBA24EC756BF87F" bold="true" box="[784,796,1924,1945]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">g</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FC8324EC7541F87F" bold="true" box="[809,822,1924,1945]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">n</emphasis>
detail of the secretory cavity. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8140FFC2FBF624EC7207F87F" bold="true" box="[1116,1136,1924,1945]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">m</emphasis>
detail of the fibers, phloem, and sclereids. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichomes; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; * = phenolic compounds. arrowhead = prismatic crystals. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, h = 500 μm; c, d, f, j, l = 200 μm; b, e, g, i, k, m, n = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988143FFC1FF1723F673F2FE1A" blockId="10.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698143FFC1FF1723F677B0FF5E" author="Rodrigues, T. M. &amp; Teixeira, S. P. &amp; Machado, S. R." box="[189,455,158,184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" pagination="585 - 594" refId="ref15952" refString="Rodrigues, T. M., Teixeira, S. P., Machado, S. R. (2011) The oleoresin secretory system in seedlings and adult plants of copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., Leguminosae - Caesalpinoideae). Flora 206: 585 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. flora. 2010.10.002" type="journal article" year="2011">
Rodrigues 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FE9023F77703FF5E" box="[314,372,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698143FFC1FDA823F67577FF5E" author="Carvalho, C. R. V. &amp; Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B." box="[514,768,158,184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" pagination="192018" refId="ref12410" refString="Carvalho, C. R. V., Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B. (2019) Morfoanatomia foliar de Copaifera sabulicola J. A. S. Costa &amp; L. P. Queiroz: uma planta com potencial medicinal. Hoehnea 46: e 192018." type="journal article" year="2019">
Carvalho 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FDD823F774DBFF5E" box="[626,684,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
presented only one cross-sectional image of the petioles of both 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FF6923AB7544FF3A" authority="J. A. S. Costa &amp; L. P. Queiroz (2007: 394)" authorityName="J. A. S. Costa &amp; L. P. Queiroz" authorityPageNumber="394" authorityYear="2007" box="[195,819,194,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabulicola">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FF6923AB772DFF3A" box="[195,346,194,221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. sabulicola</emphasis>
J.A.S. Costa &amp; L.P. Queiroz (2007: 394)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FCC723AB7265FF3A" authorityName="Desfontaines" authorityYear="1821" box="[877,1042,194,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langsdorffii">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FCC723AB7265FF3A" box="[877,1042,194,221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. langsdorffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing an unistratified epidermis with a thick cuticle, the cortex with secretory cavities, and the vascular system comprising a single central vascular bundle and accessory vascular bundles in adaxial positions as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FC2022637238FEC2" box="[906,1103,266,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FC2022637238FEC2" box="[906,1103,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FB242263735FFEC2" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[1166,1320,267,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FB242263735FFEC2" box="[1166,1320,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FA902262768AFEAE" authorityName="J. A. S. Costa &amp; L. P. Queiroz" authorityYear="2007" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabulicola">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FA902262768AFEAE" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Copaifera sabulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, has a petiole without a hypodermis (
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FCBF22477544FEAE" box="[789,819,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">vs.</emphasis>
present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FC1B22477231FEAE" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[945,1094,303,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FC1B22477231FEAE" box="[945,1094,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FB40224773DCFEAE" box="[1258,1451,302,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FB40224773DCFEAE" box="[1258,1451,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FF11223B7716FE8A" authorityName="Desfontaines" authorityYear="1821" box="[187,353,338,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langsdorffii">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FF11223B7716FE8A" box="[187,353,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. langsdorffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a vascular system with two accessory vascular bundles (
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FBA0223B725FFE8A" box="[1034,1064,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">vs.</emphasis>
absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FB09223B734CFE8A" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[1187,1339,339,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FB09223B734CFE8A" box="[1187,1339,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D8143FFC1FAE6223A73FFFE8A" box="[1356,1416,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FA38223B7758FE76" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FA38223B775CFE76" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">C. appendiculata</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and two in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FE10221F7417FE76" authorityName="Desfontaines" authorityYear="1821" box="[442,608,374,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langsdorffii">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FE10221F7417FE76" box="[442,608,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. langsdorffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a plano-convex contour (
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FC6D221F7592FE76" box="[967,997,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">vs.</emphasis>
cordate in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FBCD221F735DFE76" box="[1127,1322,374,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FBCD221F735DFE76" box="[1127,1322,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and planoconvex in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FEAA22F377E0FE52" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[256,407,411,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FEAA22F377E0FE52" box="[256,407,411,437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FE7B22F37400FE52" authorityName="Desfontaines" authorityYear="1821" box="[465,631,410,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langsdorffii">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FE7B22F37400FE52" box="[465,631,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. langsdorffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The anatomical features of the petiole observed in the studied species are similar to those of members of the Leguminosae Juss. subfam. 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FCC522D67202FE3E" authority="Burmeist." authorityName="Burmeist." box="[879,1141,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Detarioideae">Detarioideae Burmeist.</taxonomicName>
, tribe 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FB1022D6732BFE3E" authority="DC." authorityName="DC." box="[1210,1372,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Detarieae">Detarieae DC.</taxonomicName>
, which belongs to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FEDE228A7791FE1A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" box="[372,486,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FEDE228A7791FE1A" box="[372,486,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Copaifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as observed in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FCA7228B72FDFE1A" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 1192)" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753:" authorityPageNumber="1192" authorityYear="1192" box="[781,1162,482,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hymenaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FCA7228B75F2FE1A" box="[781,901,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Hymenaea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698143FFC1FC21228A72FDFE1A" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[907,1162,482,509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" refId="ref14355" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum 1. Laurentii Salvius, Stockolm, 560 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 1192)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698143FFC1FB19228A73F6FE1A" author="Silva, M. S. &amp; Leite, K. R. B. &amp; Saba, M. D." box="[1203,1409,482,508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" pagination="673 - 679" refId="ref16375" refString="Silva, M. S., Leite, K. R. B. &amp; Saba, M. D. (2012) Anatomia dos orgaos vegetativos de Hymenaea martiana Hayne (Caesalpinioideae- Fabaceae): especie de uso medicinal em Caetite-BA. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 14: 673 - 679. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1516 - 05722012000400015" type="journal article" year="2012">
Silva 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FB5E228B735BFE1A" box="[1268,1324,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988143FFC1FF17216E7686FCFB" blockId="10.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
The rachis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FEF7216E740FFDC6" box="[349,632,518,544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FEF7216E740FFDC6" box="[349,632,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an ovoid contour, canaliculate, and slightly ondulate on the adaxial surface (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FF432142774CFDA3" box="[233,315,554,581]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,555,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-205@11.[151,1436,533,1853]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-section of the rachis of Copaifera appendiculata (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f general aspect of the rachis. b. detail of the acessory vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. c, g detail of the epidermis and hypodermis in g, parenchyma, collenchyma, fibers, sclereids, and secretory cavity in c. d, i. detail of the largest vascular bundle. e, j detail of the secretory cavity. h. detail of the fibers, phloem, sclereids, and secretory cavity. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichome; xy = xylem; * = secretory cavity. arrowhead = polyhedrical crystals). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; b, d, i = 200 μm; c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 6a</figureCitation>
), while in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FE192143743EFDA2" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[435,585,555,581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FE192143743EFDA2" box="[435,585,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the rachis is evenly rounded and without undulations (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FB1E21427373FDA3" box="[1204,1284,554,581]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,555,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-205@11.[151,1436,533,1853]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-section of the rachis of Copaifera appendiculata (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f general aspect of the rachis. b. detail of the acessory vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. c, g detail of the epidermis and hypodermis in g, parenchyma, collenchyma, fibers, sclereids, and secretory cavity in c. d, i. detail of the largest vascular bundle. e, j detail of the secretory cavity. h. detail of the fibers, phloem, sclereids, and secretory cavity. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichome; xy = xylem; * = secretory cavity. arrowhead = polyhedrical crystals). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; b, d, i = 200 μm; c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
). The anatomy of the rachis of both species is very similar to that observed in the petiole, that is, 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FB8F212772B7FD8E" box="[1061,1216,590,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginada">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FB8F212772B7FD8E" box="[1061,1216,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a hypodermis as well as accessory vascular bundles and secretory cavities diffused throughout the parenchyma (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FB0F211A7379FD6B" box="[1189,1294,626,653]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,555,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-205@11.[151,1436,533,1853]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-section of the rachis of Copaifera appendiculata (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f general aspect of the rachis. b. detail of the acessory vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. c, g detail of the epidermis and hypodermis in g, parenchyma, collenchyma, fibers, sclereids, and secretory cavity in c. d, i. detail of the largest vascular bundle. e, j detail of the secretory cavity. h. detail of the fibers, phloem, sclereids, and secretory cavity. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichome; xy = xylem; * = secretory cavity. arrowhead = polyhedrical crystals). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; b, d, i = 200 μm; c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 6f, g</figureCitation>
). In both taxa, the epidermis is unistratified, commonly with rectangular or quadrangular cells surrounded by a thick cuticle (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FAD421FE76B6FD33" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,555,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-205@11.[151,1436,533,1853]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-section of the rachis of Copaifera appendiculata (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f general aspect of the rachis. b. detail of the acessory vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. c, g detail of the epidermis and hypodermis in g, parenchyma, collenchyma, fibers, sclereids, and secretory cavity in c. d, i. detail of the largest vascular bundle. e, j detail of the secretory cavity. h. detail of the fibers, phloem, sclereids, and secretory cavity. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichome; xy = xylem; * = secretory cavity. arrowhead = polyhedrical crystals). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; b, d, i = 200 μm; c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 6c, g</figureCitation>
); the cortex comprises 2–4 layers of angular collenchyma, 3 to 7 layers of parenchyma, with some sclereids and secretory cavities dispersed throughout the parenchyma (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FCAF21B675CAFD1F" box="[773,957,734,761]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,555,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-205@11.[151,1436,533,1853]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-section of the rachis of Copaifera appendiculata (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f general aspect of the rachis. b. detail of the acessory vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. c, g detail of the epidermis and hypodermis in g, parenchyma, collenchyma, fibers, sclereids, and secretory cavity in c. d, i. detail of the largest vascular bundle. e, j detail of the secretory cavity. h. detail of the fibers, phloem, sclereids, and secretory cavity. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichome; xy = xylem; * = secretory cavity. arrowhead = polyhedrical crystals). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; b, d, i = 200 μm; c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 6b, c, e, g, j</figureCitation>
), and associated with fibers in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FABD21B773DBFD1E" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[1303,1452,735,761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FABD21B773DBFD1E" box="[1303,1452,735,761]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FF3A206A7692FCFB" box="[144,229,770,797]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,555,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-205@11.[151,1436,533,1853]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-section of the rachis of Copaifera appendiculata (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f general aspect of the rachis. b. detail of the acessory vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. c, g detail of the epidermis and hypodermis in g, parenchyma, collenchyma, fibers, sclereids, and secretory cavity in c. d, i. detail of the largest vascular bundle. e, j detail of the secretory cavity. h. detail of the fibers, phloem, sclereids, and secretory cavity. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichome; xy = xylem; * = secretory cavity. arrowhead = polyhedrical crystals). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; b, d, i = 200 μm; c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 6h</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988143FFC1FF17204E7776FBDB" blockId="10.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
The vascular systems of the rachis of the species studied here are formed by collateral vascular bundles with a conspicuous sheath of fibers, which are associated with sclereids in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FC3120237244FC82" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[923,1075,843,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FC3120237244FC82" box="[923,1075,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FBEE202272A6FC83" box="[1092,1233,842,869]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,555,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-205@11.[151,1436,533,1853]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-section of the rachis of Copaifera appendiculata (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f general aspect of the rachis. b. detail of the acessory vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. c, g detail of the epidermis and hypodermis in g, parenchyma, collenchyma, fibers, sclereids, and secretory cavity in c. d, i. detail of the largest vascular bundle. e, j detail of the secretory cavity. h. detail of the fibers, phloem, sclereids, and secretory cavity. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichome; xy = xylem; * = secretory cavity. arrowhead = polyhedrical crystals). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; b, d, i = 200 μm; c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 6a, f, h</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FB42202373DCFC82" box="[1256,1451,842,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FB42202373DCFC82" box="[1256,1451,842,869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a central vascular bundle in a closed arc, and four accessory vascular bundles facing the adaxial surface (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FAFF200676EEFC4B" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,555,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-205@11.[151,1436,533,1853]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-section of the rachis of Copaifera appendiculata (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f general aspect of the rachis. b. detail of the acessory vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. c, g detail of the epidermis and hypodermis in g, parenchyma, collenchyma, fibers, sclereids, and secretory cavity in c. d, i. detail of the largest vascular bundle. e, j detail of the secretory cavity. h. detail of the fibers, phloem, sclereids, and secretory cavity. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichome; xy = xylem; * = secretory cavity. arrowhead = polyhedrical crystals). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; b, d, i = 200 μm; c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 6a, b</figureCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FF0520FB7733FC4A" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[175,324,915,941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FF0520FB7733FC4A" box="[175,324,915,941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only a central vascular bundle in a closed arc, which occupies the largest extension between the rachis tissues (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FE9B20DE77EFFC37" box="[305,408,950,977]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,555,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-205@11.[151,1436,533,1853]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-section of the rachis of Copaifera appendiculata (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f general aspect of the rachis. b. detail of the acessory vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. c, g detail of the epidermis and hypodermis in g, parenchyma, collenchyma, fibers, sclereids, and secretory cavity in c. d, i. detail of the largest vascular bundle. e, j detail of the secretory cavity. h. detail of the fibers, phloem, sclereids, and secretory cavity. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichome; xy = xylem; * = secretory cavity. arrowhead = polyhedrical crystals). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; b, d, i = 200 μm; c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 6f, i</figureCitation>
). The pith is conspicuous in these species, with parenchymatic cells and secretory cavities in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FF0C20B3771EFC12" box="[166,361,986,1013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FF0C20B3771EFC12" box="[166,361,986,1013]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FED020B2779EFC13" box="[378,489,986,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,555,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-205@11.[151,1436,533,1853]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-section of the rachis of Copaifera appendiculata (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f general aspect of the rachis. b. detail of the acessory vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. c, g detail of the epidermis and hypodermis in g, parenchyma, collenchyma, fibers, sclereids, and secretory cavity in c. d, i. detail of the largest vascular bundle. e, j detail of the secretory cavity. h. detail of the fibers, phloem, sclereids, and secretory cavity. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichome; xy = xylem; * = secretory cavity. arrowhead = polyhedrical crystals). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; b, d, i = 200 μm; c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 6a, d</figureCitation>
) but few parenchyma cells in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FCEF20B375ACFC12" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[837,987,987,1013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FCEF20B375ACFC12" box="[837,987,987,1013]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FC4620B2724BFC13" box="[1004,1084,986,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,555,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-205@11.[151,1436,533,1853]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-section of the rachis of Copaifera appendiculata (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f general aspect of the rachis. b. detail of the acessory vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. c, g detail of the epidermis and hypodermis in g, parenchyma, collenchyma, fibers, sclereids, and secretory cavity in c. d, i. detail of the largest vascular bundle. e, j detail of the secretory cavity. h. detail of the fibers, phloem, sclereids, and secretory cavity. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichome; xy = xylem; * = secretory cavity. arrowhead = polyhedrical crystals). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; b, d, i = 200 μm; c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
). Non-glandular trichomes were also observed in both species (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FE472096740BFBFF" box="[493,636,1022,1049]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,555,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-205@11.[151,1436,533,1853]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-section of the rachis of Copaifera appendiculata (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f general aspect of the rachis. b. detail of the acessory vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. c, g detail of the epidermis and hypodermis in g, parenchyma, collenchyma, fibers, sclereids, and secretory cavity in c. d, i. detail of the largest vascular bundle. e, j detail of the secretory cavity. h. detail of the fibers, phloem, sclereids, and secretory cavity. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichome; xy = xylem; * = secretory cavity. arrowhead = polyhedrical crystals). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; b, d, i = 200 μm; c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 6a, g, f</figureCitation>
). This work provides the first descriptive report of rachis anatomy for 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FF22274A768DFBDA" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" box="[136,250,1058,1084]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FF22274A768DFBDA" box="[136,250,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Copaifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988143FFC1FF17272E7211F9F7" blockId="10.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
The midribs of the leaflets of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FDBA272E755DFB86" box="[528,810,1094,1120]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FDBA272E755DFB86" box="[528,810,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have concave-convex contours; in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FB11272F733EFB86" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[1211,1353,1095,1121]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FB11272F733EFB86" box="[1211,1353,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are plano-convex, with the first convexity angle being more conspicuous and acute (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FB98270272D4FB63" box="[1074,1187,1130,1157]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,208,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[164,1423,190,1432]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cross-sections of the midribs of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f. General aspect of the midrib. b, g detail of the epidermis, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and hypodermis of the adaxial surface. c, h detail of the epidermis, hypodermis, collenchyma in h, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and secretory cavity of the adaxial surface. d, i detail of the largest vascular bundle.e detail of the fibers. j detail of the secretory cavity (ac = angular collenchyma; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; white arrowhead = polyhedrical crystal. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; d, i = 200 μm; b, c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691076/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 7a, f</figureCitation>
). The epidermis of the species is unistratified, with common cells of varying sizes and shapes between the adaxial and abaxial surfaces. The epidermal cells of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FE2527DB7426FB2A" box="[399,593,1202,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FE2527DB7426FB2A" box="[399,593,1202,1229]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are rectangular on the adaxial surface and ovoid on the abaxial surface (
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FA2727DB73DCFB2A" box="[1421,1451,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">vs.</emphasis>
quadrangular and rounded in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FE6527BF7414FB16" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[463,611,1239,1265]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FE6527BF7414FB16" box="[463,611,1239,1265]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), with the cells on the abaxial surface being larger than those on the adaxial surface (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FF402792772BFAF3" box="[234,348,1274,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,208,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[164,1423,190,1432]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cross-sections of the midribs of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f. General aspect of the midrib. b, g detail of the epidermis, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and hypodermis of the adaxial surface. c, h detail of the epidermis, hypodermis, collenchyma in h, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and secretory cavity of the adaxial surface. d, i detail of the largest vascular bundle.e detail of the fibers. j detail of the secretory cavity (ac = angular collenchyma; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; white arrowhead = polyhedrical crystal. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; d, i = 200 μm; b, c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691076/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 7b, c</figureCitation>
); in contrast, the adaxial cells of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FD7427937502FAF2" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[734,885,1275,1301]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FD7427937502FAF2" box="[734,885,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are larger than those on the abaxial surface (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FAD4279276B3FADF" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,208,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[164,1423,190,1432]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cross-sections of the midribs of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f. General aspect of the midrib. b, g detail of the epidermis, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and hypodermis of the adaxial surface. c, h detail of the epidermis, hypodermis, collenchyma in h, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and secretory cavity of the adaxial surface. d, i detail of the largest vascular bundle.e detail of the fibers. j detail of the secretory cavity (ac = angular collenchyma; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; white arrowhead = polyhedrical crystal. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; d, i = 200 μm; b, c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691076/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D8143FFC1FF22267776D1FADF" box="[136,166,1311,1337]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
, h
</figureCitation>
). Stomata, distributed at the same level as the common cells of the adaxial epidermis, were observed only in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FA382677775FFABA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FA382677775FFABA" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FE9D262A77FEFABB" box="[311,393,1346,1373]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,208,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[164,1423,190,1432]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cross-sections of the midribs of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f. General aspect of the midrib. b, g detail of the epidermis, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and hypodermis of the adaxial surface. c, h detail of the epidermis, hypodermis, collenchyma in h, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and secretory cavity of the adaxial surface. d, i detail of the largest vascular bundle.e detail of the fibers. j detail of the secretory cavity (ac = angular collenchyma; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; white arrowhead = polyhedrical crystal. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; d, i = 200 μm; b, c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691076/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 7b</figureCitation>
), whereas a hypodermis was found only in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FCCD262B758DFABA" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[871,1018,1347,1373]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FCCD262B758DFABA" box="[871,1018,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FBA2262A7202FABB" box="[1032,1141,1346,1373]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,208,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[164,1423,190,1432]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cross-sections of the midribs of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f. General aspect of the midrib. b, g detail of the epidermis, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and hypodermis of the adaxial surface. c, h detail of the epidermis, hypodermis, collenchyma in h, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and secretory cavity of the adaxial surface. d, i detail of the largest vascular bundle.e detail of the fibers. j detail of the secretory cavity (ac = angular collenchyma; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; white arrowhead = polyhedrical crystal. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; d, i = 200 μm; b, c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691076/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D8143FFC1FB91262B722EFABB" box="[1083,1113,1347,1373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
, h
</figureCitation>
). The cortex of both species comprises 2 or 3 layers of angular collenchyma (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FD06260E748BFA67" box="[684,764,1382,1409]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,208,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[164,1423,190,1432]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cross-sections of the midribs of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f. General aspect of the midrib. b, g detail of the epidermis, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and hypodermis of the adaxial surface. c, h detail of the epidermis, hypodermis, collenchyma in h, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and secretory cavity of the adaxial surface. d, i detail of the largest vascular bundle.e detail of the fibers. j detail of the secretory cavity (ac = angular collenchyma; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; white arrowhead = polyhedrical crystal. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; d, i = 200 μm; b, c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691076/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 7c</figureCitation>
) and 4 to 6 layers of parenchyma cells of varying shapes and sizes (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FF6526E27706FA43" box="[207,369,1418,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,208,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[164,1423,190,1432]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cross-sections of the midribs of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f. General aspect of the midrib. b, g detail of the epidermis, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and hypodermis of the adaxial surface. c, h detail of the epidermis, hypodermis, collenchyma in h, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and secretory cavity of the adaxial surface. d, i detail of the largest vascular bundle.e detail of the fibers. j detail of the secretory cavity (ac = angular collenchyma; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; white arrowhead = polyhedrical crystal. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; d, i = 200 μm; b, c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691076/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 7b, c, h, j</figureCitation>
). Sclereids and secretory cavities were observed in both taxa (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FB9926E272C8FA43" box="[1075,1215,1418,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,208,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[164,1423,190,1432]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cross-sections of the midribs of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f. General aspect of the midrib. b, g detail of the epidermis, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and hypodermis of the adaxial surface. c, h detail of the epidermis, hypodermis, collenchyma in h, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and secretory cavity of the adaxial surface. d, i detail of the largest vascular bundle.e detail of the fibers. j detail of the secretory cavity (ac = angular collenchyma; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; white arrowhead = polyhedrical crystal. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; d, i = 200 μm; b, c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691076/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 7c, g, h</figureCitation>
). Polyhedral crystals were found near the fibers associated with the vascular system in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FCC726C77259FA2E" box="[877,1070,1454,1481]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FCC726C77259FA2E" box="[877,1070,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FB9526C672E6FA2F" box="[1087,1169,1454,1481]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,208,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[164,1423,190,1432]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cross-sections of the midribs of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f. General aspect of the midrib. b, g detail of the epidermis, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and hypodermis of the adaxial surface. c, h detail of the epidermis, hypodermis, collenchyma in h, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and secretory cavity of the adaxial surface. d, i detail of the largest vascular bundle.e detail of the fibers. j detail of the secretory cavity (ac = angular collenchyma; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; white arrowhead = polyhedrical crystal. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; d, i = 200 μm; b, c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691076/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 7e</figureCitation>
). The two species have a single collateral bundle in a closed arch with a conspicuous sheath consisting of gelatinous and libriform fibers (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FAD426BA7686F9F7" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,208,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[164,1423,190,1432]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cross-sections of the midribs of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f. General aspect of the midrib. b, g detail of the epidermis, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and hypodermis of the adaxial surface. c, h detail of the epidermis, hypodermis, collenchyma in h, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and secretory cavity of the adaxial surface. d, i detail of the largest vascular bundle.e detail of the fibers. j detail of the secretory cavity (ac = angular collenchyma; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; white arrowhead = polyhedrical crystal. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; d, i = 200 μm; b, c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691076/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 7d, e, g, i</figureCitation>
), and pith composed of parenchymatic cells of varying dimensions (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FC5A269E722FF9F7" box="[1008,1112,1526,1553]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,208,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[164,1423,190,1432]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cross-sections of the midribs of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–e) and C. marginata (f–j): a, f. General aspect of the midrib. b, g detail of the epidermis, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and hypodermis of the adaxial surface. c, h detail of the epidermis, hypodermis, collenchyma in h, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and secretory cavity of the adaxial surface. d, i detail of the largest vascular bundle.e detail of the fibers. j detail of the secretory cavity (ac = angular collenchyma; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; white arrowhead = polyhedrical crystal. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; d, i = 200 μm; b, c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691076/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 7d, i</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988143FFC1FF1725727726F89F" blockId="10.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
Some of the anatomical characters observed in the midrib of the species studied here (e.g., a unistratified epidermis, parenchymatic pith, vascular system with collateral bundles [the largest of which are surrounded by a conspicuous fiber sheath], presence of collenchyma in a subepidermal position and secretory cavities diffused by the cortex) also occur in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FE0C25EF743CF946" authorityName="Desfontaines" authorityYear="1821" box="[422,587,1670,1697]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langsdorffii">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FE0C25EF743CF946" box="[422,587,1670,1697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. langsdorffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698143FFC1FDF125EE7548F946" author="Oliveira, D. C. &amp; Drummond, M. M. &amp; Moreira, A. S. F. P. &amp; Soares, G. L. G. &amp; Isaias, R. M. S." box="[603,831,1670,1696]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" pagination="31 - 39" refId="ref15387" refString="Oliveira, D. C., Drummond, M. M., Moreira, A. S. F. P., Soares, G. L. G. &amp; Isaias, R. M. S. (2008) Potencialidades morfogenicas de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae): Super-hospedeira de herbivoros galhadores. Revista de Biologia Tropical 5: 31 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.5216 / rbn. v 5 i 1.5625" type="journal article" year="2008">
Oliveira 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FD6B25EF748CF946" box="[705,763,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698143FFC1FCE625EE7233F946" author="Rodrigues, T. M. &amp; Teixeira, S. P. &amp; Machado, S. R." box="[844,1092,1670,1696]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" pagination="585 - 594" refId="ref15952" refString="Rodrigues, T. M., Teixeira, S. P., Machado, S. R. (2011) The oleoresin secretory system in seedlings and adult plants of copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., Leguminosae - Caesalpinoideae). Flora 206: 585 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. flora. 2010.10.002" type="journal article" year="2011">
Rodrigues 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FC6225EF7275F946" box="[968,1026,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698143FFC1FBF825EE7329F946" author="Nascimento, M. E. &amp; Bertolucci, S. K. V. &amp; Santos, F. M. &amp; Santos Jr., J. M. &amp; Castro, E. M. &amp; Pinto, J. E. B. P." box="[1106,1374,1670,1696]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" pagination="931 - 937" refId="ref15208" refString="Nascimento, M. E., Bertolucci, S. K. V., Santos, F. M., Santos Jr., J. M., Castro, E. M. &amp; Pinto, J. E. B. P. (2014) Avaliacao morfologica de plantas jovens de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. desenvolvidas em diferentes temperaturas. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 6: 931 - 937. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1983 - 084 X / 11 _ 176" type="journal article" year="2014">
Nascimento 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FB4A25EF736DF946" box="[1248,1306,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
), in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FA3825EF7476F922" authority="(Carvalho et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Carvalho" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabulicola">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FA3825EF768AF922" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. sabulicola</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698143FFC1FEA625C2778EF922" author="Carvalho, C. R. V. &amp; Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B." box="[268,505,1706,1732]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" pagination="192018" refId="ref12410" refString="Carvalho, C. R. V., Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B. (2019) Morfoanatomia foliar de Copaifera sabulicola J. A. S. Costa &amp; L. P. Queiroz: uma planta com potencial medicinal. Hoehnea 46: e 192018." type="journal article" year="2019">
Carvalho 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FED625C377C2F922" box="[380,437,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FDF025C37526F922" authority="Bentham" authorityName="Bentham" box="[602,849,1706,1733]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubiflora">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FDF025C37493F922" box="[602,740,1706,1733]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. pubiflora</emphasis>
Bentham
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698143FFC1FCCA25C2721DF922" author="Ferreira, P. M. &amp; Flores, A. S." box="[864,1130,1706,1732]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" pagination="69 - 76" refId="ref13138" refString="Ferreira, P. M. &amp; Flores, A. S. (2013) Anatomia foliolar de especies lenhosas de Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae em uma area de savana em Roraima, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Integrado de Roraima 7: 69 - 76." type="journal article" year="2013">
Ferreira &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="F32376088143FFC1FC4A25C27251F922" box="[992,1062,1706,1732]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Flores</collectingCountry>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). Other characters, however, support the taxonomic separation of the species studied here, and distinguish them from the two previously mentioned taxa, such, as a hypodermis present on the adaxial surface of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FC95259B75A2F8EA" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[831,981,1779,1805]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FC95259B75A2F8EA" box="[831,981,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FC4C259B7273F8EA" box="[998,1028,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">vs.</emphasis>
absent in the others), the presence of two accessory vascular bundles in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FDA1247F74D7F8D6" box="[523,672,1814,1841]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabulicola">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FDA1247F74D7F8D6" box="[523,672,1814,1841]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. sabulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FD1A247F74B8F8D6" box="[688,719,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">vs.</emphasis>
3 or 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D8143FFC1FCA2247E7544F8D6" box="[776,819,1814,1840]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FC90247F75AAF8D6" authorityName="Desfontaines" authorityYear="1821" box="[826,989,1814,1841]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langsdorffii">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FC90247F75AAF8D6" box="[826,989,1814,1841]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. langsdorffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and absent in the others), and a biconvex contour in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FEA8245377D1F8B2" authorityName="Desfontaines" authorityYear="1821" box="[258,422,1850,1877]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langsdorffii">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FEA8245377D1F8B2" box="[258,422,1850,1877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. langsdorffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(vs. concave-convex in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FD1D2453750FF8B2" box="[695,888,1850,1877]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FD1D2453750FF8B2" box="[695,888,1850,1877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and plano-convex in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FBD92453737FF8B2" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[1139,1288,1851,1877]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FBD92453737FF8B2" box="[1139,1288,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FABC245373DBF8B2" box="[1302,1452,1850,1877]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabulicola">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FABC245373DBF8B2" box="[1302,1452,1850,1877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. sabulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FF1D24377737F89E" box="[183,320,1886,1913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubiflora">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FF1D24377737F89E" box="[183,320,1886,1913]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. pubiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988143FFC0FF1724EA72FBFE1A" blockId="10.[136,1452,158,2093]" lastBlockId="11.[136,1452,158,509]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
The leaf blades of both species have a unistratified epidermis with rectangular, quadrangular or ovoid common cells covered by a thick cuticle (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FE5A24CE74E3F827" box="[496,660,1958,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[167,1408,219,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,190,1356]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Cross sections of the leaf blades of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–f) and C. marginata (g–l): a, g general aspect of the margin. b, h general aspect of a leaf blade. c, i detail of the epidermis and palisade parenchyma (adaxial surface). d, j. detail of the epidermis, spongy and palisade parenchyma (abaxial surface). e, j, k detail of the epidermis, vascular bundle, secretory cavity in d, palisade and spongy parenchyma. e, k detail of a vascular bundle. f detail of a polyhedrical crystal. l. detail of a secretory cavity in the leaf margin. (ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, b, g, h = 200 μm; c–e, i–l = 50 μm; f = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691084/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 8a, b, g, h</figureCitation>
). Both species have a dorsiventral mesophyll composed of three layers of palisade parenchyma, although 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FDA624A374B9F802" box="[524,718,1994,2021]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FDA624A374B9F802" box="[524,718,1994,2021]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 2 or 3 layers of spongy parenchyma (
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FB0024A372BFF802" box="[1194,1224,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">vs.</emphasis>
2 layers of palisade parenchyma and 3 or 4 layers of spongy parenchyma in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FD55248775E3F7EE" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[767,916,2031,2057]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FD55248775E3F7EE" box="[767,916,2031,2057]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Both species also have large diffuse secretory cavities by the chlorenchyma (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8143FFC1FE4C2B7A7403F7CB" box="[486,628,2066,2093]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[167,1408,219,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,190,1356]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Cross sections of the leaf blades of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–f) and C. marginata (g–l): a, g general aspect of the margin. b, h general aspect of a leaf blade. c, i detail of the epidermis and palisade parenchyma (adaxial surface). d, j. detail of the epidermis, spongy and palisade parenchyma (abaxial surface). e, j, k detail of the epidermis, vascular bundle, secretory cavity in d, palisade and spongy parenchyma. e, k detail of a vascular bundle. f detail of a polyhedrical crystal. l. detail of a secretory cavity in the leaf margin. (ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, b, g, h = 200 μm; c–e, i–l = 50 μm; f = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691084/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Fig. 8a, d, g</figureCitation>
), although they are more common in 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8143FFC1FB8C2B7B7287F7CA" box="[1062,1264,2066,2093]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8143FFC1FB8C2B7B729BF7CA" box="[1062,1260,2066,2093]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">C. appendiculata</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
with polyhedral crystals close to the fibers associated with the vascular bundles (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8142FFC0FCF823F675D7FF5F" box="[850,928,158,185]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[167,1408,219,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,190,1356]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Cross sections of the leaf blades of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–f) and C. marginata (g–l): a, g general aspect of the margin. b, h general aspect of a leaf blade. c, i detail of the epidermis and palisade parenchyma (adaxial surface). d, j. detail of the epidermis, spongy and palisade parenchyma (abaxial surface). e, j, k detail of the epidermis, vascular bundle, secretory cavity in d, palisade and spongy parenchyma. e, k detail of a vascular bundle. f detail of a polyhedrical crystal. l. detail of a secretory cavity in the leaf margin. (ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, b, g, h = 200 μm; c–e, i–l = 50 μm; f = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691084/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Fig. 8f</figureCitation>
). Both species have collateral vascular bundles of larger and smaller calibers in the mesophyll, the first ones surrounded by a sclerenchymatic sheath that projects to both surfaces of the leaf blade (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8142FFC0FDBF238E74B3FEE7" box="[533,708,230,257]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[167,1408,219,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,190,1356]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Cross sections of the leaf blades of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–f) and C. marginata (g–l): a, g general aspect of the margin. b, h general aspect of a leaf blade. c, i detail of the epidermis and palisade parenchyma (adaxial surface). d, j. detail of the epidermis, spongy and palisade parenchyma (abaxial surface). e, j, k detail of the epidermis, vascular bundle, secretory cavity in d, palisade and spongy parenchyma. e, k detail of a vascular bundle. f detail of a polyhedrical crystal. l. detail of a secretory cavity in the leaf margin. (ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, b, g, h = 200 μm; c–e, i–l = 50 μm; f = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691084/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Fig. 8b, e, h, k</figureCitation>
). The leaves of both species are hypostomatic, and their stomata have large substomatic chambers, distributed at the same level as the other common cells (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8142FFC0FBD522627290FEC3" box="[1151,1255,266,293]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[167,1408,219,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,190,1356]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Cross sections of the leaf blades of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–f) and C. marginata (g–l): a, g general aspect of the margin. b, h general aspect of a leaf blade. c, i detail of the epidermis and palisade parenchyma (adaxial surface). d, j. detail of the epidermis, spongy and palisade parenchyma (abaxial surface). e, j, k detail of the epidermis, vascular bundle, secretory cavity in d, palisade and spongy parenchyma. e, k detail of a vascular bundle. f detail of a polyhedrical crystal. l. detail of a secretory cavity in the leaf margin. (ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, b, g, h = 200 μm; c–e, i–l = 50 μm; f = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691084/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Fig. 8d, j</figureCitation>
). An unistratified epidermis with juxtaposed cells with a thick cuticle, a dorsiventral mesophyll composed of up to 3 layers of palisade parenchyma, hypostomatic leaves, secretory cavities, and collateral vascular bundles with fiber sheaths projected to both sides of the epidermis in the leaf blade, appear to be common characters in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8142FFC0FBD1221E729AFE76" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" box="[1147,1261,374,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FBD1221E729AFE76" box="[1147,1261,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Copaifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as described for 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8142FFC0FF2222F37769FE52" box="[136,286,410,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabulicola">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FF2222F37769FE52" box="[136,286,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">C. sabulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698142FFC0FEED22F27437FE52" author="Carvalho, C. R. V. &amp; Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B." box="[327,576,410,436]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" pagination="192018" refId="ref12410" refString="Carvalho, C. R. V., Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B. (2019) Morfoanatomia foliar de Copaifera sabulicola J. A. S. Costa &amp; L. P. Queiroz: uma planta com potencial medicinal. Hoehnea 46: e 192018." type="journal article" year="2019">
Carvalho 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FE1E22F3779AFE52" box="[436,493,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
, for 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8142FFC0FDD922F37560FE52" authorityName="Desfontaines" authorityYear="1821" box="[627,791,410,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langsdorffii">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FDD922F37560FE52" box="[627,791,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">C. langsdorffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698142FFC0FCEA22F27221FE52" author="Nascimento, M. E. &amp; Bertolucci, S. K. V. &amp; Santos, F. M. &amp; Santos Jr., J. M. &amp; Castro, E. M. &amp; Pinto, J. E. B. P." box="[832,1110,410,436]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" pagination="931 - 937" refId="ref15208" refString="Nascimento, M. E., Bertolucci, S. K. V., Santos, F. M., Santos Jr., J. M., Castro, E. M. &amp; Pinto, J. E. B. P. (2014) Avaliacao morfologica de plantas jovens de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. desenvolvidas em diferentes temperaturas. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 6: 931 - 937. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1983 - 084 X / 11 _ 176" type="journal article" year="2014">
Nascimento 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FC6722F37272FE52" box="[973,1029,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698142FFC0FB2622F273D0FE52" author="Melo Junior, J. C. F. &amp; Bona, C. &amp; Ceccantini, G." box="[1164,1447,410,436]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" pagination="29 - 36" refId="ref14667" refString="Melo Junior, J. C. F., Bona, C. &amp; Ceccantini, G. (2012) Anatomia foliar de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Leguminosae): interpretacoes ecologicas em diferentes condicoes edaficas de Cerrado. Biotemas 22: 29 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.5007 / 2175 - 7925.2012 v 25 n 4 p 29" type="journal article" year="2012">
Melo Júnior 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FAB122F37324FE52" box="[1307,1363,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
, and for 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8142FFC0FF7722D77712FE3E" box="[221,357,446,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubiflora">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FF7722D77712FE3E" box="[221,357,446,473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">C. pubiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698142FFC0FE2722D674D7FE3E" author="Ferreira, P. M. &amp; Flores, A. S." box="[397,672,446,472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" pagination="69 - 76" refId="ref13138" refString="Ferreira, P. M. &amp; Flores, A. S. (2013) Anatomia foliolar de especies lenhosas de Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae em uma area de savana em Roraima, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Integrado de Roraima 7: 69 - 76." type="journal article" year="2013">
Ferreira &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="F32376088142FFC0FDAD22D6743AFE3E" box="[519,589,446,472]" name="Indonesia" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Flores</collectingCountry>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
, and as described for members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8142FFC0FBEA22D772CFFE3F" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753:" authorityYear="1192" box="[1088,1208,447,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hymenaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hymenaea</taxonomicName>
clade (also belonging to 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8142FFC0FF0F228A7743FE1A" box="[165,308,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Detarioideae">Detarioideae</taxonomicName>
subfam., and sister of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8142FFC0FDF1228A74BEFE1A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" box="[603,713,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Copaifera</taxonomicName>
clade) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698142FFC0FC8E228A75C0FE1A" author="LPWG &amp; The Legume Phylogeny Working Group" box="[804,951,482,508]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" pagination="44 - 77" refId="ref14403" refString="LPWG (The Legume Phylogeny Working Group) (2017) A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny. Taxon 66: 44 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 661.3" type="journal article" year="2017">LPWG 2017</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698142FFC0FC69228A72F6FE1A" author="Pinto, R. B. &amp; Lusa, M. G. &amp; Mansano, V. F. &amp; Tozzi, A. M. G. A. &amp; Mayer, J. L. S." box="[963,1153,482,508]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" pagination="87 - 98" refId="ref15599" refString="Pinto, R. B., Lusa, M. G., Mansano, V. F., Tozzi, A. M. G. A. &amp; Mayer, J. L. S. (2018) Morphoanatomy of the leaflets of the Hymenaea clade (Fabaceae: Detarioideae) reveals their potential for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 87 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / botlinnean / boy 007" type="journal article" year="2018">
Pinto 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FBAF228B724AFE1A" box="[1029,1085,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4B66108142FFC0FF22243D732BF7F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691070" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6691070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691070/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" startId="11.[136,229,1877,1899]" targetBox="[174,1417,555,1832]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B8B36988142FFC0FF22243D732BF7F9" blockId="11.[136,1452,1877,2079]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FF22243D7688F88C" bold="true" box="[136,255,1877,1899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Cross-section of the rachis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8142FFC0FD9A243E7555F88C" box="[560,802,1877,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FD9A243E7555F88C" box="[560,802,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FC99243E7521F88D" bold="true" box="[819,854,1878,1899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">a–e</emphasis>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8142FFC0FC3A243E7266F88D" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[912,1041,1878,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FC3A243E7266F88D" box="[912,1041,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FB8B243D724AF88D" bold="true" box="[1057,1085,1877,1899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">f–j</emphasis>
): 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FBF9243E7228F88D" bold="true" box="[1107,1119,1878,1899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">a</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FBC7243D7202F88D" bold="true" box="[1133,1141,1877,1899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">f</emphasis>
general aspect of the rachis. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FA32243E73D2F88D" bold="true" box="[1432,1445,1878,1899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">b</emphasis>
. detail of the acessory vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FD64241274AEF869" bold="true" box="[718,729,1914,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">c</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FD4F24127486F869" bold="true" box="[741,753,1914,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">g</emphasis>
detail of the epidermis and hypodermis in 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FB3B241272EAF869" bold="true" box="[1169,1181,1914,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">g</emphasis>
, parenchyma, collenchyma, fibers, sclereids, and secretory cavity in 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FDAC24F67466F855" bold="true" box="[518,529,1950,1971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">c</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FDB624F6745EF855" bold="true" box="[540,553,1950,1971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">d</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FD9F24F5744BF855" bold="true" box="[565,572,1949,1971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">i</emphasis>
. detail of the largest vascular bundle. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FC0E24F675D8F855" bold="true" box="[932,943,1950,1971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">e</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FC1024F575B5F855" bold="true" box="[954,962,1949,1971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">j</emphasis>
detail of the secretory cavity. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8142FFC0FB4A24F6729AF855" bold="true" box="[1248,1261,1950,1971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">h</emphasis>
. detail of the fibers, phloem, sclereids, and secretory cavity. (ab = accessory vascular bundle; ac = angular collenchyma; c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; tr = trichome; xy = xylem; * = secretory cavity. arrowhead = polyhedrical crystals). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; b, d, i = 200 μm; c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4B66108145FFC7FF2226D872ADF99C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691076" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6691076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691076/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" startId="12.[136,229,1456,1478]" targetBox="[188,1411,208,1411]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B8B36988145FFC7FF2226D872ADF99C" blockId="12.[136,1452,1456,1659]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FF2226D8768EFA20" bold="true" box="[136,249,1456,1478]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
. Cross-sections of the midribs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8145FFC7FDEC26D975D4FA21" authority="M. J. Silva" authorityName="M. J. Silva" box="[582,931,1457,1479]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FDEC26D9754FFA20" box="[582,824,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
M.J. Silva
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FC1926D975A1FA20" bold="true" box="[947,982,1457,1478]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">a–e</emphasis>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8145FFC7FBA526D972E7FA20" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[1039,1168,1457,1478]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FBA526D972E7FA20" box="[1039,1168,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FB3526D872CCFA20" bold="true" box="[1183,1211,1456,1478]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">f–j</emphasis>
): 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FB7826D972A9FA20" bold="true" box="[1234,1246,1457,1478]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">a</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FB4126D87284FA20" bold="true" box="[1259,1267,1456,1478]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">f</emphasis>
. General aspect of the midrib. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FF5D26BD7773FA0C" bold="true" box="[247,260,1493,1514]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">b</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FEBB26BD776AFA0C" bold="true" box="[273,285,1493,1514]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">g</emphasis>
detail of the epidermis, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and hypodermis of the adaxial surface. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FB0E26BD72D8FA0C" bold="true" box="[1188,1199,1493,1514]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">c</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FB1126BD72BFFA0C" bold="true" box="[1211,1224,1493,1514]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">h</emphasis>
detail of the epidermis, hypodermis, collenchyma in h, fibers, parenchyma, sclereids, and secretory cavity of the adaxial surface. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FBD3269172F1F9E8" bold="true" box="[1145,1158,1529,1550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">d</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FB38269072EEF9E8" bold="true" box="[1170,1177,1528,1550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">i</emphasis>
detail of the largest vascular bundle. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FF7E257576A8F9D4" bold="true" box="[212,223,1565,1586]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">e</emphasis>
detail of the fibers. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FE33257477D6F9D4" bold="true" box="[409,417,1564,1586]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">j</emphasis>
detail of the secretory cavity (ac = angular collenchyma; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; pa = parenchyma; ph = phloem; me = pith; sc = sclereids; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; white arrowhead = polyhedrical crystal. * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, f = 500 μm; d, i = 200 μm; b, c, e, g, h, j = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988145FFC7FF1725C176C3F7CD" blockId="12.[136,1452,1705,2091]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">
The numbers of palisade parenchyma layers differentiate 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8145FFC7FCE925C17273F925" box="[835,1028,1705,1731]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FCE925C17273F925" box="[835,1028,1705,1731]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FBE325C17292F925" box="[1097,1253,1705,1731]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8145FFC7FBE325C17297F925" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[1097,1248,1705,1731]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">C. marginata</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and both of them from 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8145FFC7FF6C25A5772BF901" box="[198,348,1741,1767]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabulicola">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FF6C25A5772BF901" box="[198,348,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">C. sabulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8145FFC7FE3825A57441F901" authorityName="Desfontaines" authorityYear="1821" box="[402,566,1741,1767]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langsdorffii">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FE3825A57441F901" box="[402,566,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">C. langsdorffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which have, respectively, 3, 2, 2 or 3, and 1 or 2 layers (this study, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698145FFC7FA9E25A57690F8ED" author="Oliveira, D. C. &amp; Drummond, M. M. &amp; Moreira, A. S. F. P. &amp; Soares, G. L. G. &amp; Isaias, R. M. S." pageId="12" pageNumber="139" pagination="31 - 39" refId="ref15387" refString="Oliveira, D. C., Drummond, M. M., Moreira, A. S. F. P., Soares, G. L. G. &amp; Isaias, R. M. S. (2008) Potencialidades morfogenicas de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae): Super-hospedeira de herbivoros galhadores. Revista de Biologia Tropical 5: 31 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.5216 / rbn. v 5 i 1.5625" type="journal article" year="2008">
Oliveira 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FA3D25A676D2F8ED" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698145FFC7FF5E2599779FF8ED" author="Rodrigues, T. M. &amp; Teixeira, S. P. &amp; Machado, S. R." box="[244,488,1777,1803]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" pagination="585 - 594" refId="ref15952" refString="Rodrigues, T. M., Teixeira, S. P., Machado, S. R. (2011) The oleoresin secretory system in seedlings and adult plants of copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., Leguminosae - Caesalpinoideae). Flora 206: 585 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. flora. 2010.10.002" type="journal article" year="2011">
Rodrigues 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FEC4259A77D0F8ED" box="[366,423,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698145FFC7FE5E2599748AF8ED" author="Nascimento, M. E. &amp; Bertolucci, S. K. V. &amp; Santos, F. M. &amp; Santos Jr., J. M. &amp; Castro, E. M. &amp; Pinto, J. E. B. P." box="[500,765,1777,1803]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" pagination="931 - 937" refId="ref15208" refString="Nascimento, M. E., Bertolucci, S. K. V., Santos, F. M., Santos Jr., J. M., Castro, E. M. &amp; Pinto, J. E. B. P. (2014) Avaliacao morfologica de plantas jovens de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. desenvolvidas em diferentes temperaturas. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 6: 931 - 937. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1983 - 084 X / 11 _ 176" type="journal article" year="2014">
Nascimento 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FD2B259A74CDF8ED" box="[641,698,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698145FFC7FCA225997584F8ED" author="Carvalho, C. R. V. &amp; Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B." box="[776,1011,1777,1803]" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" pagination="192018" refId="ref12410" refString="Carvalho, C. R. V., Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B. (2019) Morfoanatomia foliar de Copaifera sabulicola J. A. S. Costa &amp; L. P. Queiroz: uma planta com potencial medicinal. Hoehnea 46: e 192018." type="journal article" year="2019">
Carvalho 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FCDD259A75D8F8ED" box="[887,943,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). The leaf margins of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8145FFC7FB40259973DCF8ED" box="[1258,1451,1777,1803]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FB40259973DCF8ED" box="[1258,1451,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are obtuse, and comprise, in a subepidermal position, a layer of angular collenchyma, 2 layers of parenchyma cells, and a marginal collateral vascular bundle surrounded by a sclerenchymatic sheath composed of up to 4 layers of cells (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8145FFC7FF3A24357696F891" box="[144,225,1885,1911]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[167,1408,219,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,190,1356]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Cross sections of the leaf blades of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–f) and C. marginata (g–l): a, g general aspect of the margin. b, h general aspect of a leaf blade. c, i detail of the epidermis and palisade parenchyma (adaxial surface). d, j. detail of the epidermis, spongy and palisade parenchyma (abaxial surface). e, j, k detail of the epidermis, vascular bundle, secretory cavity in d, palisade and spongy parenchyma. e, k detail of a vascular bundle. f detail of a polyhedrical crystal. l. detail of a secretory cavity in the leaf margin. (ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, b, g, h = 200 μm; c–e, i–l = 50 μm; f = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691084/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">Fig. 8a</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8145FFC7FF5F243577FFF891" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[245,392,1885,1911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FF5F243577FFF891" box="[245,392,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, has a conspicuously rounded leaf edge, with two layers of parenchyma and secretory cavities, in addition to a collateral vascular bundle sheath with fibers having 7 to 10 cell layers (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8145FFC7FB6324E9736AF87D" box="[1225,1309,1921,1947]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[167,1408,219,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,190,1356]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Cross sections of the leaf blades of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–f) and C. marginata (g–l): a, g general aspect of the margin. b, h general aspect of a leaf blade. c, i detail of the epidermis and palisade parenchyma (adaxial surface). d, j. detail of the epidermis, spongy and palisade parenchyma (abaxial surface). e, j, k detail of the epidermis, vascular bundle, secretory cavity in d, palisade and spongy parenchyma. e, k detail of a vascular bundle. f detail of a polyhedrical crystal. l. detail of a secretory cavity in the leaf margin. (ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, b, g, h = 200 μm; c–e, i–l = 50 μm; f = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691084/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D8145FFC7FB5424E9736AF87D" box="[1278,1309,1921,1947]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" unit="g" value="8.0">8g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). The xylem vessel elements in the vascular bundles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8145FFC7FDCE24CD7552F859" box="[612,805,1957,1983]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FDCE24CD7552F859" box="[612,805,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are arranged in straight lines (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8145FFC7FBD324CD72BDF859" box="[1145,1226,1957,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[167,1408,219,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,190,1356]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Cross sections of the leaf blades of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–f) and C. marginata (g–l): a, g general aspect of the margin. b, h general aspect of a leaf blade. c, i detail of the epidermis and palisade parenchyma (adaxial surface). d, j. detail of the epidermis, spongy and palisade parenchyma (abaxial surface). e, j, k detail of the epidermis, vascular bundle, secretory cavity in d, palisade and spongy parenchyma. e, k detail of a vascular bundle. f detail of a polyhedrical crystal. l. detail of a secretory cavity in the leaf margin. (ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, b, g, h = 200 μm; c–e, i–l = 50 μm; f = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691084/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">Fig. 8a</figureCitation>
), but 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8145FFC7FAA024CD73F8F859" box="[1290,1423,1957,1983]" form="arches" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" rank="form">form arches</taxonomicName>
in the congenera (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8145FFC7FE9B24A177F4F805" box="[305,387,1993,2019]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[167,1408,219,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,190,1356]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Cross sections of the leaf blades of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–f) and C. marginata (g–l): a, g general aspect of the margin. b, h general aspect of a leaf blade. c, i detail of the epidermis and palisade parenchyma (adaxial surface). d, j. detail of the epidermis, spongy and palisade parenchyma (abaxial surface). e, j, k detail of the epidermis, vascular bundle, secretory cavity in d, palisade and spongy parenchyma. e, k detail of a vascular bundle. f detail of a polyhedrical crystal. l. detail of a secretory cavity in the leaf margin. (ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, b, g, h = 200 μm; c–e, i–l = 50 μm; f = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691084/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D8145FFC7FECF24A177F4F805" box="[357,387,1993,2019]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" unit="g" value="8.0">8g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). The leaf margin of the two species studied here have vascular bundles with conspicuous layers of fibers (similar to those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8145FFC7FE6B24857422F7E1" box="[449,597,2029,2055]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabulicola">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FE6B24857422F7E1" box="[449,597,2029,2055]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">C. sabulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8145FFC7FD232485755CF7E1" authorityName="Desfontaines" authorityYear="1821" box="[649,811,2029,2055]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langsdorffii">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FD232485755CF7E1" box="[649,811,2029,2055]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">C. langsdorffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), although they are more expressive in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8145FFC7FB7724857307F7E1" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[1245,1392,2029,2055]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8145FFC7FB7724857307F7E1" box="[1245,1392,2029,2055]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8145FFC7FAD4248576D1F7CD" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[167,1408,219,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,190,1356]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Cross sections of the leaf blades of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva (a–f) and C. marginata (g–l): a, g general aspect of the margin. b, h general aspect of a leaf blade. c, i detail of the epidermis and palisade parenchyma (adaxial surface). d, j. detail of the epidermis, spongy and palisade parenchyma (abaxial surface). e, j, k detail of the epidermis, vascular bundle, secretory cavity in d, palisade and spongy parenchyma. e, k detail of a vascular bundle. f detail of a polyhedrical crystal. l. detail of a secretory cavity in the leaf margin. (ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, b, g, h = 200 μm; c–e, i–l = 50 μm; f = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691084/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="139">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D8145FFC7FF222B7976D1F7CD" box="[136,166,2065,2091]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="139" unit="g" value="8.0">8g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4B66108144FFC6FF22260D774FF9B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6691084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691084/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" startId="13.[136,229,1381,1403]" targetBox="[167,1408,219,1330]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8B8B36988144FFC6FF22260D774FF9B4" blockId="13.[136,1452,1381,1619]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FF22260D768EFA9C" bold="true" box="[136,249,1381,1403]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
. Cross sections of the leaf blades of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8144FFC6FDCD260D75B3FA9D" authority="M. J. Silva" authorityName="M. J. Silva" box="[615,964,1381,1403]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FDCD260D752EFA9C" box="[615,857,1381,1402]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
M.J. Silva
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FC7E260D7583FA9D" bold="true" box="[980,1012,1381,1403]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">a–f</emphasis>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8144FFC6FB84260D72D8FA9C" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[1070,1199,1381,1402]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FB84260D72D8FA9C" box="[1070,1199,1381,1402]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FB15260D72A9FA9C" bold="true" box="[1215,1246,1381,1402]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">g–l</emphasis>
): 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FB5E260D7377FA9C" bold="true" box="[1268,1280,1381,1402]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">a</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FAA7260D736EFA9C" bold="true" box="[1293,1305,1381,1402]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">g</emphasis>
general aspect of the margin. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FEB326E17751FA78" bold="true" box="[281,294,1417,1438]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">b</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FE9E26E17736FA78" bold="true" box="[308,321,1417,1438]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">h</emphasis>
general aspect of a leaf blade. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FDDF26E174F7FA78" bold="true" box="[629,640,1417,1438]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">c</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FD2726E174E3FA79" bold="true" box="[653,660,1417,1439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">i</emphasis>
detail of the epidermis and palisade parenchyma (adaxial surface). 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FA8026E17340FA78" bold="true" box="[1322,1335,1417,1438]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">d</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FAEF26E1733AFA79" bold="true" box="[1349,1357,1417,1439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">j</emphasis>
. detail of the epidermis, spongy and palisade parenchyma (abaxial surface). 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FCA526C5756DFA24" bold="true" box="[783,794,1453,1474]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">e</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FC8D26C57558FA25" bold="true" box="[807,815,1453,1475]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">j</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FC9626C5753EFA24" bold="true" box="[828,841,1453,1474]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">k</emphasis>
detail of the epidermis, vascular bundle, secretory cavity in 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FA3226C573D2FA24" bold="true" box="[1432,1445,1453,1474]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">d</emphasis>
, palisade and spongy parenchyma. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FE7C26B97796FA00" bold="true" box="[470,481,1489,1510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">e</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FE4426B9778CFA00" bold="true" box="[494,507,1489,1510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">k</emphasis>
detail of a vascular bundle. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FCB826B9756DFA01" bold="true" box="[786,794,1489,1511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">f</emphasis>
detail of a polyhedrical crystal. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FBFC26B9722AFA00" bold="true" box="[1110,1117,1489,1510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">l</emphasis>
. detail of a secretory cavity in the leaf margin. (ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; fi = fibers; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem; black arrowhead = stomata; * = secretory cavity). Scale: a, b, g, h = 200 μm; c–e, i–l = 50 μm; f = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988144FFC5FF1725E97709FE8A" blockId="13.[136,1452,1665,2088]" lastBlockId="14.[136,1452,158,1984]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">
Some of the anatomical characters observed in the leaf tissues of the studied species, such as a thick cuticle, a mesophyll with more than two layers of palisade parenchyma, and hypostomatic leaves, reflect the habitat and environmental conditions of the Cerrado biome where they were collected, with its two well-defined seasons with strong solar radiation and luminosity, and often with water scarcities and excessive winds (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698144FFC6FB2D25857377F8E1" author="Cole, M. M." box="[1159,1280,1773,1799]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" refId="ref12705" refString="Cole, M. M. (1986) The savannas: biogeography and geobotany. London: Academy Press." type="book" year="1986">Cole 1986</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698144FFC6FAA1258676B2F8CA" author="Rossatto, D. R. &amp; Kolb, R. M. &amp; Franco, A. C." pageId="13" pageNumber="140" pagination="507 - 518" refId="ref16018" refString="Rossatto, D. R., Kolb, R. M. &amp; Franco, A. C. (2015) Leaf anatomy is associated with the type of growth form in Neotropical savanna plants. Botany 93: 507 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjb- 2015 - 0001" type="journal article" year="2015">
Rossatto 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FAD9258673DBF8E1" box="[1395,1452,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). A thick cuticle under those conditions allows the better reflection of sunlight, minimizes excessive water losses through transpiration, and provides the leaves with protection against mechanical stress (Pyyko 1966, 
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, Alquimi 
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). A palisade parenchyma with more than one layer of cells likewise makes photosynthetic processes more efficient, as it acts as a light guide, propagating light rays through tubular vacuoles and intercellular spaces (
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DeLucia 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698144FFC6FBBF24C972B8F85D" author="Silva, M. S. &amp; Leite, K. R. B. &amp; Saba, M. D." box="[1045,1231,1953,1979]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" pagination="673 - 679" refId="ref16375" refString="Silva, M. S., Leite, K. R. B. &amp; Saba, M. D. (2012) Anatomia dos orgaos vegetativos de Hymenaea martiana Hayne (Caesalpinioideae- Fabaceae): especie de uso medicinal em Caetite-BA. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 14: 673 - 679. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1516 - 05722012000400015" type="journal article" year="2012">
Silva 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FBFF24CA72FAF85D" box="[1109,1165,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">et al.</emphasis>
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698144FFC6FB7324CA73D0F85A" author="Ramos, B. H. &amp; Silva, K. L. F. &amp; Coimbra, R. R. &amp; Chagas, D. B. &amp; Ferreira, W. M." box="[1241,1447,1953,1980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" pagination="87 - 94" refId="ref15856" refString="Ramos, B. H., Silva, K. L. F., Coimbra, R. R., Chagas, D. B. &amp; Ferreira, W. M. (2015) Anatomy and micromorphometry of Caryocar brasiliense leaves. Rodriguesia 66: 87 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2175 - 7860201566106" type="journal article" year="2015">
Ramos 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698144FFC6FF2224AD770DF839" author="Carvalho, C. R. V. &amp; Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B." box="[136,378,1989,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" pagination="192018" refId="ref12410" refString="Carvalho, C. R. V., Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B. (2019) Morfoanatomia foliar de Copaifera sabulicola J. A. S. Costa &amp; L. P. Queiroz: uma planta com potencial medicinal. Hoehnea 46: e 192018." type="journal article" year="2019">
Carvalho 
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). The thick-walled fiber sheaths in the vascular bundles reach both surfaces of the epidermis and act to prevent the collapse of the underlying tissues during periods of drought, serve as protective sheaths for the bundles, and aid water flow from the xylem to the mesophyll and epidermis (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698144FFC6FC402B6572A1F7C1" author="Pizzolato, T. D. &amp; Burbano, J. L. &amp; Berlin, J. D. &amp; Morey, P. R. &amp; Pease, R. W." box="[1002,1238,2061,2087]" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" pagination="145 - 161" refId="ref15751" refString="Pizzolato, T. D., Burbano, J. L., Berlin, J. D., Morey, P. R. &amp; Pease, R. W. (1976) An electron microscope study of the path of water movement in transpiring leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal Experimental Botany 27: 145 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jxb / 27.1.145" type="journal article" year="1976">
Pizzolato 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8144FFC6FBF12B6672E3F7C1" box="[1115,1172,2061,2087]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="140">et al.</emphasis>
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698144FFC5FB4B2B6576B4FF5F" author="Metcalfe, C. R. &amp; Chalk, L." lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="13" pageNumber="140" refId="ref14734" refString="Metcalfe, C. R. &amp; Chalk, L. (1950) Anatomy of the Dicotyledons: Leaves, Stem, and Wood in Relation to Taxonomy with Notes on Economic Uses. v. 2. Claredon Press, Oxford." type="book" year="1950">Metcalfe &amp; Chalk 1950</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FF6723F6777FFF5E" author="Metcalfe, C. R. &amp; Chalk, L." box="[205,264,158,184]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" refId="ref14778" refString="Metcalfe, C. R. &amp; Chalk, L. (1983) Anatomy of Dicotyledons. Oxford, Clarendon Press, V. II, 2 nd ed., 279 pp." type="book" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FEB823F6778EFF5F" author="Monteiro, W. R. &amp; Castro, M. M. &amp; Giulietti, A. M." box="[274,505,158,185]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="109 - 125" refId="ref14813" refString="Monteiro, W. R., Castro, M. M. &amp; Giulietti, A. M. (1985) Aspects of leaf structure of some species of Leiolhrix Ruhl. (Eriocaulaceae) from the Serra do Cipo (Minas Gerais, Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Botanica 8: 109 - 125." type="journal article" year="1985">
Monteiro 
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FDA923F674ACFF5E" author="Choong, M. F. &amp; Lucas, P. W. &amp; Ong, J. S. Y. &amp; Pereira, B. &amp; Tan, H. T. W. &amp; Turner, I. M." box="[515,731,158,184]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="597 - 610" refId="ref12621" refString="Choong, M. F., Lucas, P. W., Ong, J. S. Y., Pereira, B., Tan, H. T. W. &amp; Turner, I. M. (1992) Leaf fracture toughness and sclerophylly: their correlations and ecological implications. New Phytolist 121: 597 - 610." type="journal article" year="1992">
Choong 
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); the fibers envolving the vascular bundles in the midrib, petiole, and rachis provide mechanical support to those leaf structures (Dickson 2000), act to inhibit biotic attacks (ScreminDias 2006), and promote water retention (in the case of gelatinous fibers) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FC62238E7207FEE6" author="Dickison, W. C." box="[968,1136,230,256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" refId="ref12980" refString="Dickison, W. C. (2000) Integrative plant anatomy. Academic Press, Harcourt." type="book" year="2000">Dickison 2000</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FBD1238E732DFEE6" author="Bieras, A. C. &amp; Sajo, M. G." box="[1147,1370,230,256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="451 - 471" refId="ref12034" refString="Bieras, A. C. &amp; Sajo, M. G. (2009) Leaf structure of the cerrado (Brazilian savanna) woody plants. Trees 23: 451 - 471." type="journal article" year="2009">Bieras &amp; Sajo 2009</bibRefCitation>
), while the secretory cavities dispersed in the mesophyll act to protect against herbivory with defensive compounds, especially those of phenolic natures (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FE1822467459FEAE" author="Fahn, A." box="[434,558,302,328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" refId="ref13121" refString="Fahn, A. (1979) Secretory tissues in plants. Academic Press, London." type="book" year="1979">Fahn 1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FD9022467494FEAE" author="Dickison, W. C." box="[570,739,302,328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" refId="ref12980" refString="Dickison, W. C. (2000) Integrative plant anatomy. Academic Press, Harcourt." type="book" year="2000">Dickison 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Those compounds also act as antioxidants (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FB74224673D0FEAE" author="Souza, C. M. M. &amp; Silva, H. R. &amp; Vieira-Jr., G. M. &amp; Ayres, M. C. &amp; Costa, C. L. S. &amp; Araujo, D. S. &amp; Cavalcante, L. C. &amp; Barros, E. D. &amp; Araujo, P. B. M. &amp; Brandao, M. S. &amp; Chaves, M. H." box="[1246,1447,302,328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="351 - 355" refId="ref16472" refString="Souza, C. M. M., Silva, H. R., Vieira-Jr., G. M., Ayres, M. C., Costa, C. L. S., Araujo, D. S., Cavalcante, L. C., Barros, E. D., Araujo, P. B. M., Brandao, M. S. &amp; Chaves, M. H. (2007) Fenois totais e atividade antioxidante de cinco plantas medicinais. Quimica Nova 30: 351 - 355." type="journal article" year="2007">
Souza 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FA8622477312FEAE" box="[1324,1381,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
2007
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FF22223A7705FE8A" author="Gengaihi, S. E. I. &amp; Ella, F. M. A. &amp; Emad, M. H. &amp; Shlaby, E. &amp; Doha, H." box="[136,370,338,364]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref13495" refString="Gengaihi, S. E. I., Ella, F. M. A., Emad, M. H., Shlaby, E. &amp; Doha, H. (2014) Antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from different grape wastes. Journal of Food Processing &amp; Technology 5: 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.4172 / 2157 - 7110.1000296" type="journal article" year="2014">
Gengaihi 
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988147FFC5FF17221E7728FD8E" blockId="14.[136,1452,158,1984]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">
The leaf anatomical characters described for 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8147FFC5FD47221E7278FE76" box="[749,1039,374,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FD47221E7278FE76" box="[749,1039,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8147FFC5FBF2221F7280FE76" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[1112,1271,375,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FBF2221F7280FE76" box="[1112,1271,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are related to xeromorphism and are shared with other Cerrado species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FCB522F275BEFE52" author="Morretes, B. L." box="[799,969,410,436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="209 - 244" refId="ref14950" refString="Morretes, B. L. (1966) Contribuicao ao estudo da anatomia das folhas de plantas do cerrado II. Boletim de Botanica da Universidade de Sao Paulo 305: 209 - 244." type="journal article" year="1966">Morretes 1966</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FC7F22F27267FE52" author="Morretes, B. L." box="[981,1040,410,436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="7 - 32" refId="ref14986" refString="Morretes, B. L. (1969) Contribuicao ao estudo da anatomia das folhas de plantas do cerrado III. Boletim de Botanica da Universidade de Sao Paulo 331: 7 - 32." type="journal article" year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FBB622F27288FE52" author="Bieras, A. C. &amp; Sajo, M. G." box="[1052,1279,410,436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="451 - 471" refId="ref12034" refString="Bieras, A. C. &amp; Sajo, M. G. (2009) Leaf structure of the cerrado (Brazilian savanna) woody plants. Trees 23: 451 - 471." type="journal article" year="2009">Bieras &amp; Sajo 2009</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FAA122F276B2FE3E" author="Pinheiro, L. F. S. &amp; Kolb, R. M. &amp; Rossatto, D. R." pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="28 - 36" refId="ref15689" refString="Pinheiro, L. F. S., Kolb, R. M. &amp; Rossatto, D. R. (2017) Leaf anatomical traits of non-arboreal savanna species along a gradient of tree encroachment. Acta Botanica Brasilica 32: 28 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0102 - 33062017 abb 0280" type="journal article" year="2017">
Pinheiro 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FAD822F373DBFE52" box="[1394,1452,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). Xeromorphic leaf anatomical features are related to the evolutionary history of the Cerrado, as its first floristic elements have long faced water deficit conditions as well as soil acidity and toxicity during the climatic oscillations of the Tertiary and Quaternary eras (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FDAF216E749DFDC6" author="Bieras, A. C. &amp; Sajo, M. G." box="[517,746,518,544]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="451 - 471" refId="ref12034" refString="Bieras, A. C. &amp; Sajo, M. G. (2009) Leaf structure of the cerrado (Brazilian savanna) woody plants. Trees 23: 451 - 471." type="journal article" year="2009">Bieras &amp; Sajo 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Those features were likely selected to ensure survival during the past periods of climatic adversity, but have been retained by the modern flora to protect against a variety of biotic and abiotic factors.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988147FFC5FF17211A7207FC4B" blockId="14.[136,1452,158,1984]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FF17211A77EAFD6B" bold="true" box="[189,413,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Histochemical data</emphasis>
:—The histochemical tests performed on the leaf blades, petioles, rachises, and midribs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8147FFC5FA38211B775FFD56" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FA38211B775FFD56" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8147FFC5FEF521FF7784FD56" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[351,499,663,689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FEF521FF7784FD56" box="[351,499,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were negative for proteins (by Coomassie Blue and Xylidine Ponceau) as well as for tannins (by vanillin-hydrochloric acid); they were positive, however, for the presence of lignin, alkaloids, reducing sugars, phenolic compounds, starch, and lipids. Lignin was found in the xylem vessel elements, fibers, and sclereids (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FF3A206A768CFCFA" box="[144,251,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[175,1415,206,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,190,1801]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Cross-section of the leaf blade of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva submitted to histochemical tests. a, b, e, f, j, n, o petiole. c, g, h, k, m rachis. d midrib. i leaf blade. l. margin. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, fibers, and sclereids. e–i total alkaloids in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. j–l reducing sugars in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and inside the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows and *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem). Scales: l, m = 200 µm; a–g, i, j, n, o = 50 µm; h, k = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691086/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 9a–d</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FE9A206A77DCFCFB" box="[304,427,770,797]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,216,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[177,1410,190,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cross-section of a leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, e, i, n, o petiole. b, c, f, j, k, m rachis. d midrib. g, h, l leaf blade. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, hypodermis cells, fibers, and sclereids. e–g total alkaloids indicated by arrows. h–l reducing sugars in tissues and in the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = trichome. xy = xylem). Scales: a, i, m = 200 µm. b-h, j, l, n = 50 µm; k, o = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691092/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 10a–d</figureCitation>
), and hypodermis (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FD2A206A7495FCFB" box="[640,738,770,797]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,216,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[177,1410,190,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cross-section of a leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, e, i, n, o petiole. b, c, f, j, k, m rachis. d midrib. g, h, l leaf blade. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, hypodermis cells, fibers, and sclereids. e–g total alkaloids indicated by arrows. h–l reducing sugars in tissues and in the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = trichome. xy = xylem). Scales: a, i, m = 200 µm. b-h, j, l, n = 50 µm; k, o = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691092/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 10d</figureCitation>
). According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FC26206A7222FCFA" author="Silva, M. S. &amp; Leite, K. R. B. &amp; Saba, M. D." box="[908,1109,770,796]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="673 - 679" refId="ref16375" refString="Silva, M. S., Leite, K. R. B. &amp; Saba, M. D. (2012) Anatomia dos orgaos vegetativos de Hymenaea martiana Hayne (Caesalpinioideae- Fabaceae): especie de uso medicinal em Caetite-BA. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 14: 673 - 679. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1516 - 05722012000400015" type="journal article" year="2012">
Silva 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FC66206B7273FCFA" box="[972,1028,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FB20206A7328FCFB" author="Munk, L. &amp; Sitarz, A. K. &amp; Kalyani, D. &amp; Mikkelsen, J. D. &amp; Meyer, A. S." box="[1162,1375,770,797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="13 - 24" refId="ref15083" refString="Munk, L., Sitarz, A. K., Kalyani, D., Mikkelsen, J. D. &amp; Meyer, A. S. (2015) Can laccases catalyze bond cleavage in lignin? Biotechnology Advances 33: 13 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biotechadv. 2014.12.008" type="journal article" year="2015">
Munk 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FB7E206B737BFCFA" box="[1236,1292,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
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, lignin is a complex aromatic polymer that confers rigidity, mechanical support, and protection to internal tissues, aids water retention, and acts in the defense against both biotic (e.g., microorganisms) and abiotic agents by reinforcing the cell walls (Habermeht &amp; Fliegner 1998, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FDB1200674B5FC6E" author="Dickison, W. C." box="[539,706,878,904]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" refId="ref12980" refString="Dickison, W. C. (2000) Integrative plant anatomy. Academic Press, Harcourt." type="book" year="2000">Dickison 2000</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FD66200675D1FC6E" author="Firmino, A. &amp; Abreu, H. S. &amp; Portugal, A. C. P. &amp; Nascimento, A. M. &amp; Souza, E. L. &amp; Pereira, R. P. W. &amp; Monteiro, M. B. O. &amp; Maeda, J. M." box="[716,934,878,904]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="394 - 401" refId="ref13241" refString="Firmino, A., Abreu, H. S., Portugal, A. C. P., Nascimento, A. M., Souza, E. L., Pereira, R. P. W., Monteiro, M. B. O. &amp; Maeda, J. M. (2006) Alteracoes ligno-anatomicas em Solanum gilo Raddi por aplicacao de calcio e boro como estrategia de defesa. Ciencia e Agrotecologia 30: 394 - 401." type="journal article" year="2006">
Firmino 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FC8720077512FC6E" box="[813,869,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
2006
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FC1A20067370FC6F" author="Scatena, V. L. &amp; Scremin-Dias, E." box="[944,1287,878,905]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="109 - 128" refId="ref16145" refString="Scatena, V. L. &amp; Scremin-Dias, E. (2006) Parenquima, Colenquima e Esclerenquima. In: Appezzato-da-Gloria, B. &amp; Carmello-Guerreiro, S. M. (Eds.) Anatomia Vegetal. 2. ed. Ed. UFV, Vicosa, pp. 109 - 128." type="book chapter" year="2006">Scatena &amp; Scremin-Dias 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Lignins were likewise reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FEDE20FA741CFC4A" author="Carvalho, C. R. V. &amp; Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B." box="[372,619,914,940]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="192018" refId="ref12410" refString="Carvalho, C. R. V., Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B. (2019) Morfoanatomia foliar de Copaifera sabulicola J. A. S. Costa &amp; L. P. Queiroz: uma planta com potencial medicinal. Hoehnea 46: e 192018." type="journal article" year="2019">
Carvalho 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FE4B20FB746DFC4A" box="[481,538,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
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in xylem cells and the fibers of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8147FFC5FC7E20FB721EFC4A" box="[980,1129,914,941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabulicola">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FC7E20FB721EFC4A" box="[980,1129,914,941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">C. sabulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988147FFC5FF1720DE72FEFB16" blockId="14.[136,1452,158,1984]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">
Alkaloids were found in the cortical and medullary parenchyma cells, in the xylem of the petiole (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FAA020DE7304FC36" box="[1290,1395,950,976]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[175,1415,206,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,190,1801]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Cross-section of the leaf blade of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva submitted to histochemical tests. a, b, e, f, j, n, o petiole. c, g, h, k, m rachis. d midrib. i leaf blade. l. margin. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, fibers, and sclereids. e–i total alkaloids in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. j–l reducing sugars in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and inside the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows and *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem). Scales: l, m = 200 µm; a–g, i, j, n, o = 50 µm; h, k = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691086/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 9e, f</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FAD520DE76C6FC12" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,216,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[177,1410,190,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cross-section of a leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, e, i, n, o petiole. b, c, f, j, k, m rachis. d midrib. g, h, l leaf blade. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, hypodermis cells, fibers, and sclereids. e–g total alkaloids indicated by arrows. h–l reducing sugars in tissues and in the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = trichome. xy = xylem). Scales: a, i, m = 200 µm. b-h, j, l, n = 50 µm; k, o = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691092/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 10e</figureCitation>
) and rachis (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FEEB20B277EAFC13" box="[321,413,986,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,216,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[177,1410,190,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cross-section of a leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, e, i, n, o petiole. b, c, f, j, k, m rachis. d midrib. g, h, l leaf blade. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, hypodermis cells, fibers, and sclereids. e–g total alkaloids indicated by arrows. h–l reducing sugars in tissues and in the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = trichome. xy = xylem). Scales: a, i, m = 200 µm. b-h, j, l, n = 50 µm; k, o = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691092/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 10f</figureCitation>
), inside the secretory cavities and epithelial cells (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FC6120B2724EFC13" box="[971,1081,986,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[175,1415,206,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,190,1801]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Cross-section of the leaf blade of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva submitted to histochemical tests. a, b, e, f, j, n, o petiole. c, g, h, k, m rachis. d midrib. i leaf blade. l. margin. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, fibers, and sclereids. e–i total alkaloids in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. j–l reducing sugars in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and inside the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows and *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem). Scales: l, m = 200 µm; a–g, i, j, n, o = 50 µm; h, k = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691086/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">
Fig. 
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, h
</figureCitation>
), and in the palisade parenchyma (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FF3A209676AAFBFE" box="[144,221,1022,1048]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[175,1415,206,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,190,1801]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Cross-section of the leaf blade of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva submitted to histochemical tests. a, b, e, f, j, n, o petiole. c, g, h, k, m rachis. d midrib. i leaf blade. l. margin. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, fibers, and sclereids. e–i total alkaloids in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. j–l reducing sugars in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and inside the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows and *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem). Scales: l, m = 200 µm; a–g, i, j, n, o = 50 µm; h, k = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691086/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 9i</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FF402096773DFBFE" box="[234,330,1022,1048]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,216,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[177,1410,190,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cross-section of a leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, e, i, n, o petiole. b, c, f, j, k, m rachis. d midrib. g, h, l leaf blade. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, hypodermis cells, fibers, and sclereids. e–g total alkaloids indicated by arrows. h–l reducing sugars in tissues and in the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = trichome. xy = xylem). Scales: a, i, m = 200 µm. b-h, j, l, n = 50 µm; k, o = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691092/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D8147FFC5FEB42096773DFBFE" box="[286,330,1022,1048]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" unit="g" value="10.0">10g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) of both species. Alkaloids were likewise found in the secretory cavities, idioblasts, and mesophyll cells of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8147FFC5FF4B274B77F2FBDA" authorityName="Desfontaines" authorityYear="1821" box="[225,389,1058,1085]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langsdorffii">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FF4B274B77F2FBDA" box="[225,389,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">C. langsdorffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8147FFC5FE16274B7425FBDA" box="[444,594,1058,1085]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabulicola">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FE16274B7425FBDA" box="[444,594,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">C. sabulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FDD6274A7508FBDA" author="Rodrigues, T. M. &amp; Teixeira, S. P. &amp; Machado, S. R." box="[636,895,1058,1084]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="585 - 594" refId="ref15952" refString="Rodrigues, T. M., Teixeira, S. P., Machado, S. R. (2011) The oleoresin secretory system in seedlings and adult plants of copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., Leguminosae - Caesalpinoideae). Flora 206: 585 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. flora. 2010.10.002" type="journal article" year="2011">
Rodrigues 
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and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FC1C274A72D8FBDA" author="Carvalho, C. R. V. &amp; Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B." box="[950,1199,1058,1084]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="192018" refId="ref12410" refString="Carvalho, C. R. V., Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B. (2019) Morfoanatomia foliar de Copaifera sabulicola J. A. S. Costa &amp; L. P. Queiroz: uma planta com potencial medicinal. Hoehnea 46: e 192018." type="journal article" year="2019">
Carvalho 
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respectively, although they apparently are not present in all 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8147FFC5FD8E272E75E1FB86" box="[548,918,1094,1120]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FD8E272E74E1FB86" box="[548,662,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Copaifera</emphasis>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FD51272E75F9FB86" author="Gurgel, E. S. C." box="[763,910,1094,1120]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" refId="ref13648" refString="Gurgel, E. S. C. (2009) Morfoanatomia, perfil quimico e atividade alelopatica de tres especies de Copaifera L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) nativas da Amazonia. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus." type="book" year="2009">Gurgel 2009</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Alkaloids are secondary metabolites composed of nitrogenous heterocyclic organic molecules, usually derived from amino acids. They act in plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores, and are used by human populations to treat gastrointestinal disorders and cardiovascular diseases; they also have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, antitumor, and immunomodulatory properties (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FEAC27BE7414FB16" author="Sepulveda-Jimenez, G. &amp; Porta-Ducoing, H. &amp; Rocha-Sosa, M." box="[262,611,1238,1264]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="355 - 363" refId="ref16201" refString="Sepulveda-Jimenez, G., Porta-Ducoing, H. &amp; Rocha-Sosa, M. (2003) La participacion de los metabolitos secundarios en la defensa de las plantas. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatologia 21: 355 - 363." type="journal article" year="2003">
Sepúlveda-Jiménez 
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2003
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, 
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Brito 
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Ng 
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Li 
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988147FFC5FF1727927218FA2E" blockId="14.[136,1452,158,1984]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">
Reducing sugars were found in the petiole (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FD0F27927485FAF3" box="[677,754,1274,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[175,1415,206,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,190,1801]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Cross-section of the leaf blade of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva submitted to histochemical tests. a, b, e, f, j, n, o petiole. c, g, h, k, m rachis. d midrib. i leaf blade. l. margin. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, fibers, and sclereids. e–i total alkaloids in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. j–l reducing sugars in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and inside the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows and *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem). Scales: l, m = 200 µm; a–g, i, j, n, o = 50 µm; h, k = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691086/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 9j</figureCitation>
), rachis (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FCF3279275DAFAF3" box="[857,941,1274,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[175,1415,206,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,190,1801]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Cross-section of the leaf blade of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva submitted to histochemical tests. a, b, e, f, j, n, o petiole. c, g, h, k, m rachis. d midrib. i leaf blade. l. margin. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, fibers, and sclereids. e–i total alkaloids in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. j–l reducing sugars in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and inside the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows and *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem). Scales: l, m = 200 µm; a–g, i, j, n, o = 50 µm; h, k = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691086/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 9k</figureCitation>
), and in the border region of the collenchyma (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FF3A267676ADFADF" box="[144,218,1310,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[175,1415,206,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,190,1801]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Cross-section of the leaf blade of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva submitted to histochemical tests. a, b, e, f, j, n, o petiole. c, g, h, k, m rachis. d midrib. i leaf blade. l. margin. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, fibers, and sclereids. e–i total alkaloids in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. j–l reducing sugars in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and inside the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows and *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem). Scales: l, m = 200 µm; a–g, i, j, n, o = 50 µm; h, k = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691086/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 9l</figureCitation>
) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8147FFC5FEA9267777B5FADE" box="[259,450,1310,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FEA9267777B5FADE" box="[259,450,1310,1337]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and in the epithelial cells of the secretory structures of the leaf blade (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FB6C26767352FADF" box="[1222,1317,1310,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,216,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[177,1410,190,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cross-section of a leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, e, i, n, o petiole. b, c, f, j, k, m rachis. d midrib. g, h, l leaf blade. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, hypodermis cells, fibers, and sclereids. e–g total alkaloids indicated by arrows. h–l reducing sugars in tissues and in the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = trichome. xy = xylem). Scales: a, i, m = 200 µm. b-h, j, l, n = 50 µm; k, o = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691092/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 10h</figureCitation>
), associated with phloem and in parechimatic cells in the petiole (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FD4A262A7526FABB" box="[736,849,1346,1373]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,216,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[177,1410,190,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cross-section of a leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, e, i, n, o petiole. b, c, f, j, k, m rachis. d midrib. g, h, l leaf blade. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, hypodermis cells, fibers, and sclereids. e–g total alkaloids indicated by arrows. h–l reducing sugars in tissues and in the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = trichome. xy = xylem). Scales: a, i, m = 200 µm. b-h, j, l, n = 50 µm; k, o = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691092/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 10i, j</figureCitation>
), in the secretory cavities of the epithelial cells in the rachis (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FF71260E7749FA67" box="[219,318,1382,1409]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,216,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[177,1410,190,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cross-section of a leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, e, i, n, o petiole. b, c, f, j, k, m rachis. d midrib. g, h, l leaf blade. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, hypodermis cells, fibers, and sclereids. e–g total alkaloids indicated by arrows. h–l reducing sugars in tissues and in the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = trichome. xy = xylem). Scales: a, i, m = 200 µm. b-h, j, l, n = 50 µm; k, o = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691092/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 10k</figureCitation>
), and in the palisade parenchyma (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FD6D260E7557FA67" box="[711,800,1382,1409]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,216,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[177,1410,190,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cross-section of a leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, e, i, n, o petiole. b, c, f, j, k, m rachis. d midrib. g, h, l leaf blade. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, hypodermis cells, fibers, and sclereids. e–g total alkaloids indicated by arrows. h–l reducing sugars in tissues and in the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = trichome. xy = xylem). Scales: a, i, m = 200 µm. b-h, j, l, n = 50 µm; k, o = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691092/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 10l</figureCitation>
) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8147FFC5FCFA260F7592FA66" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[848,997,1383,1409]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FCFA260F7592FA66" box="[848,997,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Those sugars are derived from primary metabolism (photosynthesis) or from the hydrolysis of starch, and have been shown to be efficient agents against oxidative threats agents (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FE3526C674E9FA2E" author="Lunackova, L. &amp; Masarovicova, E. &amp; Lux, A." box="[415,670,1454,1480]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="611 - 613" refId="ref14445" refString="Lunackova, L., Masarovicova, E. &amp; Lux, A. (2000) Respiration rate and chemical composition of Karwinskia roots as affected by temperature. Biologia Plantarum 43: 611 - 613. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1002808201124" type="journal article" year="2000">
Lunáčková 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FD8E26C7742BFA2E" box="[548,604,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
2000
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FD0326C67513FA2E" author="Silva, R. N. &amp; Monteiro, V. N. &amp; Alcanfor, J. D. X. &amp; Assis, E. M. &amp; Asquieri, E. R." box="[681,868,1454,1480]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="337 - 341" refId="ref16300" refString="Silva, R. N., Monteiro, V. N., Alcanfor, J. D. X., Assis, E. M., Asquieri, E. R. (2003) Comparision methods for the determination of reducers sugars and total in honey. Food Science and Technology 23: 337 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 20612003000300007" type="journal article" year="2003">
Silva 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FD4026C77555FA2E" box="[746,802,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
2003
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FCC526C67214FA2E" author="Castellion, M. &amp; Matiacevich, S. &amp; Buera, P. &amp; Maldonado, S." box="[879,1123,1454,1480]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="952 - 958" refId="ref12567" refString="Castellion, M., Matiacevich, S., Buera, P. &amp; Maldonado, S. (2010) Protein deterioration and longevity of quinoa seeds during long-term storage. Food Chemistry 121: 952 - 958." type="journal article" year="2010">
Castellión 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FC4D26C77257FA2E" box="[999,1056,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
2010
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988147FFC5FF1726BA76A6F8EB" blockId="14.[136,1452,158,1984]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">
Phenolic compounds were found in the common cells of the epidermis, parenchyma, and phloem and in secretory cavities, including in the epithelial cells (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FDFD269E74EDF9F6" box="[599,666,1526,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[175,1415,206,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,190,1801]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Cross-section of the leaf blade of Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva submitted to histochemical tests. a, b, e, f, j, n, o petiole. c, g, h, k, m rachis. d midrib. i leaf blade. l. margin. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, fibers, and sclereids. e–i total alkaloids in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. j–l reducing sugars in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and inside the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows and *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem). Scales: l, m = 200 µm; a–g, i, j, n, o = 50 µm; h, k = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691086/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FD7B269E754AF9F7" box="[721,829,1526,1553]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,216,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-19@16.[177,1410,190,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cross-section of a leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, e, i, n, o petiole. b, c, f, j, k, m rachis. d midrib. g, h, l leaf blade. a–d lignin in the xylem vessel elements, hypodermis cells, fibers, and sclereids. e–g total alkaloids indicated by arrows. h–l reducing sugars in tissues and in the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows. m–o phenolic compounds in the tissues and epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = trichome. xy = xylem). Scales: a, i, m = 200 µm. b-h, j, l, n = 50 µm; k, o = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691092/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D8147FFC5FD7B269E7572F9F6" box="[721,773,1526,1552]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</quantity>
, n, o
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FCE0269E75B6F9F7" box="[842,961,1526,1553]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1559,1581]" captionTargetBox="[198,1392,205,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[183,1404,190,1535]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cross sections of leaf of the Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva submitted to histochemical tests. a midrib. b margin. c, d, f, i, j petiole. e, g, k rachis. h, l Leaf blade. a–c phenolic compounds in tissues and within the secretory cavity indicated by *. d, e starch grains in the parenchymatous pith and near the vascular system). f-h acidic lipids inside the secretory cavity indicated by *. i–l total lipids stained red-orange inside the secretory cavity and epithelial cells indicated by * and arrows. Lipid droplet indicated by arrow, and intense cuticle coloration in l. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; xy = xylem). Scales: a = 500 µm; b–e, h, i, k, l = 50 µm; f, g, j = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691102/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 11a, c</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FC64269E7230F9F7" box="[974,1095,1526,1553]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,629,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[183,1404,605,1820]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Cross-section of the leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, b midrib. c margin. d, i, j, l leaf blade. e, g, k petiole. f, h, j rachis. a–d. phenolic compounds in tissues and the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity. e, f starch grains in the parenchymatic pith and near the vascular system. g–i acidic lipids inside the secretory cavity and in the epithelial cells indicated by *. j–l total lipids stained red-orange inside the secretory cavity and epithelial cells indicated by arrows. Note the intense cuticle coloration in k, l. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; xy = xylem). Scales: a = 500 µm; b–f, k, l = 50 µm; g–j = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691106/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 12a–d</figureCitation>
) of both the species. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FA92269E7760F9D2" author="Rodrigues, T. M. &amp; Teixeira, S. P. &amp; Machado, S. R." pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="585 - 594" refId="ref15952" refString="Rodrigues, T. M., Teixeira, S. P., Machado, S. R. (2011) The oleoresin secretory system in seedlings and adult plants of copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., Leguminosae - Caesalpinoideae). Flora 206: 585 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. flora. 2010.10.002" type="journal article" year="2011">
Rodrigues 
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and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FEFE25727422F9D2" author="Carvalho, C. R. V. &amp; Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B." box="[340,597,1562,1588]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="192018" refId="ref12410" refString="Carvalho, C. R. V., Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B. (2019) Morfoanatomia foliar de Copaifera sabulicola J. A. S. Costa &amp; L. P. Queiroz: uma planta com potencial medicinal. Hoehnea 46: e 192018." type="journal article" year="2019">
Carvalho 
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in their studies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8147FFC5FC9C257375AAF9D2" authorityName="Desfontaines" authorityYear="1821" box="[822,989,1562,1589]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langsdorffii">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FC9C257375AAF9D2" box="[822,989,1562,1589]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">C. langsdorffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8147FFC5FBB0257372C4F9D2" box="[1050,1203,1562,1589]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabulicola">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FBB0257372C4F9D2" box="[1050,1203,1562,1589]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">C. sabulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also identified those substances in phloem cells and secretory cavities. Phenolic compounds are commonly found inside the vacuoles of idioblasts and the lumens of secretory cavities and ducts (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FC89250A7262F99A" author="Carvalho, C. R. V. &amp; Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B." box="[803,1045,1634,1660]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="192018" refId="ref12410" refString="Carvalho, C. R. V., Soares, E. K. S. &amp; Oliveira, A. B. (2019) Morfoanatomia foliar de Copaifera sabulicola J. A. S. Costa &amp; L. P. Queiroz: uma planta com potencial medicinal. Hoehnea 46: e 192018." type="journal article" year="2019">
Carvalho 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FC3F250B75A7F99A" box="[917,976,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
2019
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), and are present in several species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8147FFC5FF0025EE776BF946" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" box="[170,284,1670,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FF0025EE776BF946" box="[170,284,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Copaifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and others plants. They demonstrate antioxidant activities by minimizing damage caused to cells by free radicals (e.g., membrane peroxidation, DNA damage), and act in defenses against pathogens and herbivores (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FF2525A67463F90E" author="Nascimento, J. C. &amp; Langenheim, J. H." box="[143,532,1742,1768]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="615 - 624" refId="ref15146" refString="Nascimento, J. C. &amp; Langenheim, J. H. (1986) Leaf sesquiterpenes and phenolics in Copaifera multijuga on contrasting soil types in a central amazonian rain forest. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 14: 615 - 624. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0305 - 1978 (86) 90042 - 6" type="journal article" year="1986">Nascimento &amp; Langenheim 1986</bibRefCitation>
, 
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Souza 
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, 
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Gengaihi 
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, 
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Batista 
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2016
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FB4425A676B2F8EB" author="Moudache, M. &amp; Colon, M. &amp; Nerin, C. &amp; Zaidi, F." pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="521 - 527" refId="ref15022" refString="Moudache, M., Colon, M., Nerin, C. &amp; Zaidi, F. (2016) Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of olive by products and antioxidant film containing olive leaf extract. Food Chemistry 212: 521 - 527. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. foodchem. 2016.06.001" type="journal article" year="2016">
Moudache 
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988147FFC5FF17247E75B3F826" blockId="14.[136,1452,158,1984]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">
Starch grains were found in the medullary parenchyma cells, and associated with the vascular bundles of the petiole and rachis, and the xylem of parenchyma rays of both species (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FC1324527240F8B3" box="[953,1079,1850,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1559,1581]" captionTargetBox="[198,1392,205,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[183,1404,190,1535]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cross sections of leaf of the Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva submitted to histochemical tests. a midrib. b margin. c, d, f, i, j petiole. e, g, k rachis. h, l Leaf blade. a–c phenolic compounds in tissues and within the secretory cavity indicated by *. d, e starch grains in the parenchymatous pith and near the vascular system). f-h acidic lipids inside the secretory cavity indicated by *. i–l total lipids stained red-orange inside the secretory cavity and epithelial cells indicated by * and arrows. Lipid droplet indicated by arrow, and intense cuticle coloration in l. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; xy = xylem). Scales: a = 500 µm; b–e, h, i, k, l = 50 µm; f, g, j = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691102/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 11d, e</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8147FFC5FBEC245272B5F8B3" box="[1094,1218,1850,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,629,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[183,1404,605,1820]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Cross-section of the leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, b midrib. c margin. d, i, j, l leaf blade. e, g, k petiole. f, h, j rachis. a–d. phenolic compounds in tissues and the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity. e, f starch grains in the parenchymatic pith and near the vascular system. g–i acidic lipids inside the secretory cavity and in the epithelial cells indicated by *. j–l total lipids stained red-orange inside the secretory cavity and epithelial cells indicated by arrows. Note the intense cuticle coloration in k, l. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; xy = xylem). Scales: a = 500 µm; b–f, k, l = 50 µm; g–j = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691106/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">Fig. 12e, f</figureCitation>
). Starch is a reserve carbohydrate composed of amylose and amylopectin, and is commonly found in plant reserves (e.g., tubers and roots, among others) and reproductive organs, and can be hydrolyzed to produce reducing sugars (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FB0924EA73D0F87A" author="Lunackova, L. &amp; Masarovicova, E. &amp; Lux, A." box="[1187,1447,1922,1948]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="611 - 613" refId="ref14445" refString="Lunackova, L., Masarovicova, E. &amp; Lux, A. (2000) Respiration rate and chemical composition of Karwinskia roots as affected by temperature. Biologia Plantarum 43: 611 - 613. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1002808201124" type="journal article" year="2000">
Lunáčková 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FA8024EB7313F87A" box="[1322,1380,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FF2224CE74CEF826" author="Appezzato-da-Gloria, B. &amp; Carmello-Guerreiro, S. M." box="[136,697,1958,1984]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 438" refId="ref11677" refString="Appezzato-da-Gloria, B. &amp; Carmello-Guerreiro, S. M. (2003) Anatomia vegetal. Editora Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Minas Gerais. pp. 1 - 438." type="book chapter" year="2003">Appezzato-da-Glória &amp; Carmello-Guerreiro 2003</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698147FFC5FD6E24CE75CFF826" author="Jacomassi, E. &amp; Moscheta, I. S. &amp; Machado, S. R." box="[708,952,1958,1984]" pageId="14" pageNumber="141" pagination="115 - 129" refId="ref13936" refString="Jacomassi, E., Moscheta, I. S. &amp; Machado, S. R. (2010) Morfoanatomia e histoquimica de orgaos reprodutivos de Brosimum gaudichaudii (Moraceae). Revista Brasileira de Botanica 33: 115 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 84042010000100011" type="journal article" year="2010">
Jacomassi 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8147FFC5FC9624CF7503F826" box="[828,884,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4B66108146FFC4FF222449753EF80D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691086" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6691086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691086/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="142" startId="15.[136,229,1825,1847]" targetBox="[175,1415,206,1788]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8B8B36988146FFC4FF222449753EF80D" blockId="15.[136,1452,1825,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FF222449768DF8D0" bold="true" box="[136,250,1825,1847]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
. Cross-section of the leaf blade of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8146FFC4FDF3244975CFF8D1" authority="M. J. Silva" authorityName="M. J. Silva" box="[601,952,1825,1847]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FDF32449753BF8D0" box="[601,844,1825,1846]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
M.J. Silva
</taxonomicName>
submitted to histochemical tests. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FAA324497362F8D0" bold="true" box="[1289,1301,1825,1846]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">a</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FA8924497347F8D0" bold="true" box="[1315,1328,1825,1846]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">b</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FA942449733EF8D0" bold="true" box="[1342,1353,1825,1846]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">e</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FAFD24497328F8D1" bold="true" box="[1367,1375,1825,1847]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">f</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FAC424497301F8D1" bold="true" box="[1390,1398,1825,1847]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">j</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FA2E244973E6F8D0" bold="true" box="[1412,1425,1825,1846]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">n</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FA35244973DCF8D0" bold="true" box="[1439,1451,1825,1846]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">o</emphasis>
petiole. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FF72242D7694F8BC" bold="true" box="[216,227,1861,1882]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">c</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FF5B242D768AF8BC" bold="true" box="[241,253,1861,1882]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">g</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FEA1242D776FF8BC" bold="true" box="[267,280,1861,1882]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">h</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FE8D242D7743F8BC" bold="true" box="[295,308,1861,1882]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">k</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FEE8242D7721F8BC" bold="true" box="[322,342,1861,1882]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">m</emphasis>
rachis. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FE0C242D77C4F8BC" bold="true" box="[422,435,1861,1882]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">d</emphasis>
midrib. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FDA0242D7466F8BD" bold="true" box="[522,529,1861,1883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">i</emphasis>
leaf blade. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FD22242D74F8F8BC" bold="true" box="[648,655,1861,1882]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">l</emphasis>
. margin. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FD45242D7563F8BC" bold="true" box="[751,788,1861,1883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">a–d</emphasis>
lignin in the xylem vessel elements, fibers, and sclereids. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FAF1242D730EF8BD" bold="true" box="[1371,1401,1861,1883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">e–i</emphasis>
total alkaloids in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FDC6240174F0F898" bold="true" box="[620,647,1897,1919]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">j–l</emphasis>
reducing sugars in the tissues indicated by arrows and *. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8146FFC4FB18240172A9F898" bold="true" box="[1202,1246,1897,1919]" pageId="15" pageNumber="142">m–o</emphasis>
phenolic compounds in the tissues and inside the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows and *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; vb = vascular bundle; xy = xylem). Scales: l, m = 200 µm; a–g, i, j, n, o = 50 µm; h, k = 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4B66108159FFDBFF2224257227F7F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691092" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6691092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691092/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="143" startId="16.[136,229,1869,1891]" targetBox="[189,1398,216,1835]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8B8B36988159FFDBFF2224257227F7F0" blockId="16.[136,1452,1869,2071]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFF2224257774F884" bold="true" box="[136,259,1869,1891]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
. Cross-section of a leaf blade of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8159FFDBFD962425753CF885" authority="Benth." authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[572,843,1869,1891]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFD9624257572F885" box="[572,773,1869,1891]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">Copaifera marginata</emphasis>
Benth.
</taxonomicName>
submitted to histochemical tests. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFB26242572EFF884" bold="true" box="[1164,1176,1869,1890]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">a</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFB0E242572D8F884" bold="true" box="[1188,1199,1869,1890]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">e</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFB10242572B6F885" bold="true" box="[1210,1217,1869,1891]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">i</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFB66242572AEF884" bold="true" box="[1228,1241,1869,1890]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">n</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFB4E24257287F884" bold="true" box="[1252,1264,1869,1890]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">o</emphasis>
petiole. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFAE924257327F884" bold="true" box="[1347,1360,1869,1890]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">b</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFAF124257311F884" bold="true" box="[1371,1382,1869,1890]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">c</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFADB2425730EF885" bold="true" box="[1393,1401,1869,1891]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">f</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFA2F242573FAF885" bold="true" box="[1413,1421,1869,1891]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">j</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFA32242573D2F884" bold="true" box="[1432,1445,1869,1890]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">k</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFF22241976EBF860" bold="true" box="[136,156,1905,1926]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">m</emphasis>
rachis. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFF4224197682F860" bold="true" box="[232,245,1905,1926]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">d</emphasis>
midrib. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFEE224197723F860" bold="true" box="[328,340,1905,1926]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">g</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFECB24197719F860" bold="true" box="[353,366,1905,1926]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">h</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFED0241977F6F860" bold="true" box="[378,385,1905,1926]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">l</emphasis>
leaf blade. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFE5824197460F860" bold="true" box="[498,535,1905,1926]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">a–d</emphasis>
lignin in the xylem vessel elements, hypodermis cells, fibers, and sclereids. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFB512419736AF860" bold="true" box="[1275,1309,1905,1926]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">e–g</emphasis>
total alkaloids indicated by arrows. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFEFE24FD7702F84C" bold="true" box="[340,373,1941,1962]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">h–l</emphasis>
reducing sugars in tissues and in the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by arrows. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8159FFDBFA8C24FD7325F84C" bold="true" box="[1318,1362,1941,1962]" pageId="16" pageNumber="143">m–o</emphasis>
phenolic compounds in the tissues and epithelial cells of the secretory cavity, indicated by *. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; tr = trichome. xy = xylem). Scales: a, i, m = 200 µm. b-h, j, l, n = 50 µm; k, o = 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4B66108158FFDAFF22257F73FDF907" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6691102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691102/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="144" startId="17.[136,229,1559,1581]" targetBox="[198,1392,205,1522]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8B8B36988158FFDAFF22257F73FDF907" blockId="17.[136,1452,1559,1761]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFF22257F7774F9CA" bold="true" box="[136,259,1559,1581]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">FIGURE 11</emphasis>
. Cross sections of leaf of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8158FFDAFD8B257F750EF9CB" authority="M. J. Silva" authorityName="M. J. Silva" box="[545,889,1559,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="144" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFD8B257F7566F9CA" box="[545,785,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">Copaifera appendiculata</emphasis>
M.J. Silva
</taxonomicName>
submitted to histochemical tests. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFB6A257F72BBF9CA" bold="true" box="[1216,1228,1559,1580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">a</emphasis>
midrib. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFAB4257F735CF9CA" bold="true" box="[1310,1323,1559,1580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">b</emphasis>
margin. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFA2B257F73FBF9CA" bold="true" box="[1409,1420,1559,1580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">c</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFA32257F73D2F9CA" bold="true" box="[1432,1445,1559,1580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">d</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFF22255376D4F9B7" bold="true" box="[136,163,1595,1617]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">f, i</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFF05255376C0F9B7" bold="true" box="[175,183,1595,1617]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">j</emphasis>
petiole. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFEA125537761F9B6" bold="true" box="[267,278,1595,1616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">e</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFE8825537759F9B6" bold="true" box="[290,302,1595,1616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">g</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFE912553773FF9B6" bold="true" box="[315,328,1595,1616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">k</emphasis>
rachis. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFE3E255377D6F9B6" bold="true" box="[404,417,1595,1616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">h</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFE07255377C3F9B6" bold="true" box="[429,436,1595,1616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">l</emphasis>
Leaf blade. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFD8725537427F9B6" bold="true" box="[557,592,1595,1617]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">a–c</emphasis>
phenolic compounds in tissues and within the secretory cavity indicated by *. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFAED25537323F9B6" bold="true" box="[1351,1364,1595,1616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">d</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFACB2553731BF9B6" bold="true" box="[1377,1388,1595,1616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">e</emphasis>
starch grains in the parenchymatous pith and near the vascular system). 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFCB925377547F992" bold="true" box="[787,816,1631,1653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">f -h</emphasis>
acidic lipids inside the secretory cavity indicated by *. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFAF52537730EF992" bold="true" box="[1375,1401,1631,1653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">i–l</emphasis>
total lipids stained red-orange inside the secretory cavity and epithelial cells indicated by * and arrows. Lipid droplet indicated by arrow, and intense cuticle coloration in l. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; xy = xylem). Scales: a = 500 µm; b–e, h, i, k, l = 50 µm; f, g, j = 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8B36988158FFD9FF172478722EFDA2" blockId="17.[136,1452,1808,2087]" lastBlockId="18.[136,1452,158,581]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">
Lipids were abundant in the leaf tissues of the species studied here, especially in their secretory cavities (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8158FFDAFAD4247876B2F8A8" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1559,1581]" captionTargetBox="[198,1392,205,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[183,1404,190,1535]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cross sections of leaf of the Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva submitted to histochemical tests. a midrib. b margin. c, d, f, i, j petiole. e, g, k rachis. h, l Leaf blade. a–c phenolic compounds in tissues and within the secretory cavity indicated by *. d, e starch grains in the parenchymatous pith and near the vascular system). f-h acidic lipids inside the secretory cavity indicated by *. i–l total lipids stained red-orange inside the secretory cavity and epithelial cells indicated by * and arrows. Lipid droplet indicated by arrow, and intense cuticle coloration in l. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; xy = xylem). Scales: a = 500 µm; b–e, h, i, k, l = 50 µm; f, g, j = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691102/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">Fig. 11f–l</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8158FFDAFF65245C7731F8A9" box="[207,326,1844,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,629,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[183,1404,605,1820]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Cross-section of the leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, b midrib. c margin. d, i, j, l leaf blade. e, g, k petiole. f, h, j rachis. a–d. phenolic compounds in tissues and the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity. e, f starch grains in the parenchymatic pith and near the vascular system. g–i acidic lipids inside the secretory cavity and in the epithelial cells indicated by *. j–l total lipids stained red-orange inside the secretory cavity and epithelial cells indicated by arrows. Note the intense cuticle coloration in k, l. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; xy = xylem). Scales: a = 500 µm; b–f, k, l = 50 µm; g–j = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691106/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D8158FFDAFEA8245C7759F8A9" box="[258,302,1844,1871]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="144" unit="g" value="12.0">12g</quantity>
–l
</figureCitation>
). Tests using Nile Blue stain revealed that the secretions of lipophilic nature observed in the secretory cavities and epithelial cells are acidic lipids, and were found in all of the leaf specimens analyzed (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8158FFDAFB5324307305F894" box="[1273,1394,1880,1906]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1559,1581]" captionTargetBox="[198,1392,205,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[183,1404,190,1535]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cross sections of leaf of the Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva submitted to histochemical tests. a midrib. b margin. c, d, f, i, j petiole. e, g, k rachis. h, l Leaf blade. a–c phenolic compounds in tissues and within the secretory cavity indicated by *. d, e starch grains in the parenchymatous pith and near the vascular system). f-h acidic lipids inside the secretory cavity indicated by *. i–l total lipids stained red-orange inside the secretory cavity and epithelial cells indicated by * and arrows. Lipid droplet indicated by arrow, and intense cuticle coloration in l. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; xy = xylem). Scales: a = 500 µm; b–e, h, i, k, l = 50 µm; f, g, j = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691102/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">Fig. 11f–h</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8158FFDAFAD5243076BBF871" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,629,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[183,1404,605,1820]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Cross-section of the leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, b midrib. c margin. d, i, j, l leaf blade. e, g, k petiole. f, h, j rachis. a–d. phenolic compounds in tissues and the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity. e, f starch grains in the parenchymatic pith and near the vascular system. g–i acidic lipids inside the secretory cavity and in the epithelial cells indicated by *. j–l total lipids stained red-orange inside the secretory cavity and epithelial cells indicated by arrows. Note the intense cuticle coloration in k, l. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; xy = xylem). Scales: a = 500 µm; b–f, k, l = 50 µm; g–j = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691106/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CCC9B7D8158FFDAFF22241476C3F871" box="[136,180,1916,1943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="144" unit="g" value="12.0">12g</quantity>
–i
</figureCitation>
); lipids were also observed in the form of droplets in the palisade parenchyma cells of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8158FFDAFB1B2414731AF870" box="[1201,1389,1916,1942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="144" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFB1B2414731AF870" box="[1201,1389,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">C appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8158FFDAFAD4241476D9F85D" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1559,1581]" captionTargetBox="[198,1392,205,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[183,1404,190,1535]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cross sections of leaf of the Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva submitted to histochemical tests. a midrib. b margin. c, d, f, i, j petiole. e, g, k rachis. h, l Leaf blade. a–c phenolic compounds in tissues and within the secretory cavity indicated by *. d, e starch grains in the parenchymatous pith and near the vascular system). f-h acidic lipids inside the secretory cavity indicated by *. i–l total lipids stained red-orange inside the secretory cavity and epithelial cells indicated by * and arrows. Lipid droplet indicated by arrow, and intense cuticle coloration in l. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; xy = xylem). Scales: a = 500 µm; b–e, h, i, k, l = 50 µm; f, g, j = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691102/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">Fig. 11l</figureCitation>
). The fatty nature of the cuticle covering the epidermal cells of both taxa was also evident (
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8158FFDAFB6B24C8736BF85C" box="[1217,1308,1952,1978]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1559,1581]" captionTargetBox="[198,1392,205,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[183,1404,190,1535]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cross sections of leaf of the Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva submitted to histochemical tests. a midrib. b margin. c, d, f, i, j petiole. e, g, k rachis. h, l Leaf blade. a–c phenolic compounds in tissues and within the secretory cavity indicated by *. d, e starch grains in the parenchymatous pith and near the vascular system). f-h acidic lipids inside the secretory cavity indicated by *. i–l total lipids stained red-orange inside the secretory cavity and epithelial cells indicated by * and arrows. Lipid droplet indicated by arrow, and intense cuticle coloration in l. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; xy = xylem). Scales: a = 500 µm; b–e, h, i, k, l = 50 µm; f, g, j = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691102/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">Fig. 11i</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8158FFDAFA8324C87340F85C" box="[1321,1335,1952,1978]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1834,1856]" captionTargetBox="[220,1366,214,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[177,1410,187,1807]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Copaifera appendiculata M. J. Silva: a flowering branch. b stipule. c distal portion of the rachis showing the spinescent extension. d–h variations in leaflet shapes. i trichomes on the abaxial surface. j trichomes on the adaxial surface. k detail of the leaflet margin and trichomes. l detail of the leaflet apex. m floral bud. n ventral surface of the bract. o detail of the bract margin. p flower, note the sepals conspicuously indumented ventrally. q ventral surface of the sepal. r detail of trichomes on the ventral surface of the sepal. s stamen. t ventral (left) and dorsal (right) surfaces of the anther. u gynoecium, note the uniformly indumented ovary. v detail of the trichomes on the ovary. w detail of the stigma. x fruit. y fruit after opening, note the twisted valve and prolonged hilum. z side view of the seed (drawn by Renato Cristiano Gualberto from the holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691026/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130F2A1D8158FFDAFAEC24C876E6F839" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,629,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[183,1404,605,1820]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Cross-section of the leaf blade of Copaifera marginata Benth. submitted to histochemical tests. a, b midrib. c margin. d, i, j, l leaf blade. e, g, k petiole. f, h, j rachis. a–d. phenolic compounds in tissues and the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity. e, f starch grains in the parenchymatic pith and near the vascular system. g–i acidic lipids inside the secretory cavity and in the epithelial cells indicated by *. j–l total lipids stained red-orange inside the secretory cavity and epithelial cells indicated by arrows. Note the intense cuticle coloration in k, l. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; xy = xylem). Scales: a = 500 µm; b–f, k, l = 50 µm; g–j = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691106/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">Fig. 12k, l</figureCitation>
), with 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698158FFDAFF4E24AC77ADF838" author="Buarque, P. F. S. M. &amp; Machado, S. R. &amp; Rodrigues, T. M." box="[228,474,1988,2014]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144" pagination="1447 - 1456" refId="ref12131" refString="Buarque, P. F. S. M., Machado, S. R. &amp; Rodrigues, T. M. (2020) Anatomical and ultrastructural studies reveal temporal and spatial variation in the oil production in leaves of the diesel tree (Copaifera langsdorffii, Leguminosae). Protoplasma 257: 1447 - 1456." type="journal article" year="2020">
Buarque 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFEE624AC77F0F838" box="[332,391,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698158FFDAFDBE24AC749BF838" author="Tiago, P. V. &amp; Larocca, D. &amp; Silva, I. V. &amp; Carpejani, A. A. &amp; Tiago, A. V. &amp; Dardengo, J. F. E. &amp; Rossi, A. A. B." box="[532,748,1988,2014]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144" refId="ref16692" refString="Tiago, P. V., Larocca, D., Silva, I. V., Carpejani, A. A., Tiago, A. V., Dardengo, J. F. E. &amp; Rossi, A. A. B. (2020) Morpho-anatomical, phytochemical, and histochemical characterization of Hymenaea courbaril (Leguminosae), occurring in Southern Amazon. Rodriguesia 71: e 02182018. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2175 - 7860202071063" type="journal volume" year="2020">
Tiago 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFDF424AC74EFF838" box="[606,664,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
likewise reporting lipidic secretions in the secretory cavities, epithelial cells, and cuticles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8158FFDAFE4D248074FCF7E4" authorityName="Desfontaines" authorityYear="1821" box="[487,651,2024,2050]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="144" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langsdorffii">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFE4D248074FCF7E4" box="[487,651,2024,2050]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">C. langsdorffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B8158FFDAFD69248072C3F7E4" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 1192)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="1192" authorityYear="1753" box="[707,1204,2023,2050]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hymenaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="144" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="courbaril">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFD69248075DAF7E4" box="[707,941,2024,2050]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">Hymenaea courbaril</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698158FFDAFC1E248072C3F7E4" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[948,1204,2023,2050]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144" refId="ref14355" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum 1. Laurentii Salvius, Stockolm, 560 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 1192)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(taxa known for their medicinal properties). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B698158FFDAFE2F2B647416F7C0" author="Buarque, P. F. S. M. &amp; Machado, S. R. &amp; Rodrigues, T. M." box="[389,609,2060,2086]" pageId="17" pageNumber="144" pagination="1447 - 1456" refId="ref12131" refString="Buarque, P. F. S. M., Machado, S. R. &amp; Rodrigues, T. M. (2020) Anatomical and ultrastructural studies reveal temporal and spatial variation in the oil production in leaves of the diesel tree (Copaifera langsdorffii, Leguminosae). Protoplasma 257: 1447 - 1456." type="journal article" year="2020">
Buarque 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A8158FFDAFE402B647454F7C0" box="[490,547,2060,2086]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="144">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
performed histochemical tests and gathered ontogenetic and ultrastructural evidence to determine that the lipids were synthesized in the secretory cavities and in the chlorophyll parenchyma of their focal species. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815BFFD9FECE23AA74F0FF3A" author="Fineschi, S. &amp; Loreto, F." box="[356,647,194,221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" pagination="13 - 17" refId="ref13197" refString="Fineschi, S. &amp; Loreto, F. (2012) Leaf volatile isoprenoids: an important defensive armament in forest tree species. IForest 5: 13 - 17." type="journal article" year="2012">Fineschi &amp; Loreto (2012)</bibRefCitation>
reported that lipid production in plants is constitutive, can be induced, and is related to defenses against biotic or abiotic stressors (e.g., attacks by insects and pathogens, oxidative stress, or heat shock). Acidic lipids can be found in the secretory structures of many different botanical families, such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B815BFFD9FF2222467684FEAE" box="[136,243,302,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B815BFFD9FF5722467456FEAE" authority="R. Br., And" authorityName="R. Br., And" box="[253,545,302,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae R.Br., And</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B815BFFD9FD8D22467565FEAE" authority="Martinov" authorityName="Martinov" box="[551,786,302,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae Martinov</taxonomicName>
, among others (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815BFFD9FC6E224672E2FEAE" author="Langenheim, J. H." box="[964,1173,302,328]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" pagination="1223 - 1280" refId="ref14138" refString="Langenheim, J. H. (1994) Higher plant terpenoids: a phytocentric overview of their ecological roles. Journal of Chemical Ecology 20: 1223 - 1280. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02059809" type="journal article" year="1994">Langenheim 1994</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815BFFD9FB0A224676B4FE8A" author="Sant'Anna-Santos, B. F. &amp; Thadeo, M. &amp; Meira, R. M. S. A. &amp; Ascensao, L." pageId="18" pageNumber="145" pagination="481 - 489" refId="ref16076" refString="Sant'Anna-Santos, B. F., Thadeo, M., Meira, R. M. S. A. &amp; Ascensao, L. (2006) Anatomy and histochemistry of stem secretory structures of Spondias dulcis Forst. F. (Anacardiaceae). Revista Arvore 30: 481 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 67622006000300019" type="journal article" year="2006">
Sant’Anna-Santos 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FAD9224773DBFEAE" box="[1395,1452,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815BFFD9FF67223A77A7FE8A" author="Zarinkamar, F. &amp; Moradi, A. &amp; Davoodpour, M." box="[205,464,338,364]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" pagination="55154 - 55165" refId="ref16918" refString="Zarinkamar, F., Moradi, A. &amp; Davoodpour, M. (2021) Ecophysiological, anatomical, and apigenin changes due to uptake and accumulation of cadmium in Matricaria chamomilla L. flowers in hydroponics. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28: 55154 - 55165. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11356 - 021 - 14000 - 7" type="journal article" year="2021">
Zarinkamar 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FEFC223B77F9FE8A" box="[342,398,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Those substances act as hydrogen ion carriers in oxidative phosphorylation mechanism (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815BFFD9FF25221E771BFE76" author="Kocherginsky, N." box="[143,364,374,400]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" pagination="20 - 41" refId="ref14043" refString="Kocherginsky, N. (2009) Acidic lipids, H + - ATPases, and mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. Physico-chemical ideas 30 years after P. Mitchell's Nobel Prize award. Progress in Biophysics &amp; Molecular Biology 99: 20 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pbiomolbio. 2008.10.013" type="journal article" year="2009">Kocherginsky 2009</bibRefCitation>
) and can bind to cytotoxins (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815BFFD9FD0B221E7509FE76" author="Gasanov, S. E. &amp; Alsarraj, M. A. &amp; Gasanov, N. E. &amp; Rael, E. D." box="[673,894,374,400]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" pagination="133 - 142" refId="ref13425" refString="Gasanov, S. E., Alsarraj, M. A., Gasanov, N. E. &amp; Rael, E. D. (1997) Cobra venom cytotoxin free of phospholipase A 2 and Its effect on model membranes and T leukemia cells. Journal of Membrane Biology 155: 133 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 002329900165" type="journal article" year="1997">
Gasanov 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FCA3221F7549FE76" box="[777,830,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
). Several authors (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815BFFD9FBD1221E76B4FE52" author="Nascimento, J. C. &amp; Langenheim, J. H." pageId="18" pageNumber="145" pagination="615 - 624" refId="ref15146" refString="Nascimento, J. C. &amp; Langenheim, J. H. (1986) Leaf sesquiterpenes and phenolics in Copaifera multijuga on contrasting soil types in a central amazonian rain forest. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 14: 615 - 624. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0305 - 1978 (86) 90042 - 6" type="journal article" year="1986">Nascimento &amp; Langenheim 1986</bibRefCitation>
, Veiga-Júnior &amp; Pinto 2002, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815BFFD9FDA922F274A9FE52" author="Leandro, L. M. &amp; Vargas, F. S. &amp; Barbosa, P. C. S. &amp; Neves, J. K. O. &amp; Silva, J. A. &amp; Veiga-Junior, V. F." box="[515,734,410,436]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" pagination="3866 - 3889" refId="ref14180" refString="Leandro, L. M., Vargas, F. S., Barbosa, P. C. S., Neves, J. K. O., Silva, J. A. &amp; Veiga-Junior, V. F. (2012) Chemistry and biological activities of terpenoids from copaiba (Copaifera spp.) oleoresins. Molecules 17: 3866 - 3889. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / molecules 17043866" type="journal article" year="2012">
Leandro 
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) identified terpenes, especially sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, as constituents of secreted oils that have biological activities. Other authors (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815BFFD9FC5922D672C0FE3E" author="Basile, A. C. &amp; Sertie, J. A. A. &amp; Freitas, P. C. D. &amp; Zanini, A. C." box="[1011,1207,446,472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" pagination="101 - 109" refId="ref11771" refString="Basile, A. C., Sertie, J. A. A., Freitas, P. C. D. &amp; Zanini, A. C. (1988) Anti-inflamatory activity of oleoresin from Brazilian Copaifera. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 22: 101 - 109." type="journal article" year="1988">
Basile 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FB9522D77201FE3E" box="[1087,1142,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">et al.</emphasis>
1988
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, 
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Carvalho 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FA8422D77311FE3E" box="[1326,1382,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">et al.</emphasis>
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815BFFD9FF22228A772FFE1A" author="Gomes, N. M. &amp; Rezende, C. M. &amp; Fontes, S. P. &amp; Matheus, M. E. &amp; Pinto, A. C. &amp; Fernandes, P. D." box="[136,344,482,508]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" pagination="177 - 183" refId="ref13566" refString="Gomes, N. M., Rezende, C. M., Fontes, S. P., Matheus, M. E., Pinto, A. C. &amp; Fernandes, P. D. (2010) Characterization of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of fractions obtaneid from Copaifera multijuga Hayne. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 128: 177 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jep. 2010.01.005" type="journal article" year="2010">
Gomes 
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, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815BFFD9FEC9228A7451FE1A" author="Izumi, E. &amp; Ueda-Nakamura, T. &amp; Veiga Jr., V. F. &amp; Pinto, A. C. &amp; Nakamura, C. V." box="[355,550,482,508]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" pagination="2994 - 3001" refId="ref13814" refString="Izumi, E., Ueda-Nakamura, T., Veiga Jr., V. F., Pinto, A. C. &amp; Nakamura, C. V. (2012) Terpenes from Copaifera demonstrated in vitro antiparasitic and synergic activity. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 55: 2994 - 3001. https: // doi. org / 10.1021 / jm 201451 h" type="journal article" year="2012">
Izumi 
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2012
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815BFFD9FD9B228A7578FE1A" author="Leandro, L. M. &amp; Vargas, F. S. &amp; Barbosa, P. C. S. &amp; Neves, J. K. O. &amp; Silva, J. A. &amp; Veiga-Junior, V. F." box="[561,783,482,508]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" pagination="3866 - 3889" refId="ref14180" refString="Leandro, L. M., Vargas, F. S., Barbosa, P. C. S., Neves, J. K. O., Silva, J. A. &amp; Veiga-Junior, V. F. (2012) Chemistry and biological activities of terpenoids from copaiba (Copaifera spp.) oleoresins. Molecules 17: 3866 - 3889. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / molecules 17043866" type="journal article" year="2012">
Leandro 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FD3F228B74B9FE1A" box="[661,718,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815BFFD9FCB0228B7591FE1B" author="Vargas, F. S. &amp; Almeida, P. D. O. &amp; Aranha, E. S. P. &amp; Boleti, A. P. A. &amp; Newton, P. &amp; Vasconcellos, M. C. &amp; Veiga Junior, V. F. &amp; Lima, E. S." box="[794,998,482,509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" pagination="6194 - 6210" refId="ref16782" refString="Vargas, F. S., Almeida, P. D. O., Aranha, E. S. P., Boleti, A. P. A., Newton, P., Vasconcellos, M. C., Veiga Junior, V. F. &amp; Lima, E. S. (2015) Biological activities and cytotoxicity of diterpenes from Copaifera spp. oleoresins. Molecules 20: 6194 - 6210. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / molecules 20046194" type="journal article" year="2015">
Vargas 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FCC6228B75D2FE1A" box="[876,933,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815BFFD9FC5B228A72A4FE1A" author="Carneiro, L. J. &amp; Tasso, T. O. &amp; Santos, M. F. C. &amp; Goulart, M. O. &amp; Santos, R. A. &amp; Bastos, J. K. &amp; Silva, J. J. M. &amp; Crotti, A. E. M. &amp; Parreira, R. L. T. &amp; Orenha, R. P. &amp; Veneziani, R. C. S. &amp; Ambrosio, S. R." box="[1009,1235,482,508]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" pagination="1679 - 1689" refId="ref12269" refString="Carneiro, L. J., Tasso, T. O., Santos, M. F. C., Goulart, M. O., Santos, R. A., Bastos, J. K., Silva, J. J. M., Crotti, A. E. M., Parreira, R. L. T., Orenha, R. P., Veneziani, R. C. S. &amp; Ambrosio, S. R. (2020) Copaifera multijuga, Copaifera pubiflora and Copaifera trapezifolia Oleoresins: chemical characterization and in vitro cytotoxic potential against tumoral cell lines. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 31: 1679 - 1689." type="journal article" year="2020">
Carneiro 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FBF0228B72E5FE1A" box="[1114,1170,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
) have reported that the terpenes found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B815BFFD9FED4216E7787FDC6" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" box="[382,496,518,544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FED4216E7787FDC6" box="[382,496,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">Copaifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have pharmacological and therapeutic properties (e.g., analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities), and provide the plants with defenses against microorganisms.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4B6610815BFFD9FF22245D7744F7C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6691106" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6691106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6691106/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" startId="18.[136,229,1845,1867]" targetBox="[206,1385,629,1803]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8B8B3698815BFFD9FF22245D7744F7C4" blockId="18.[136,1452,1845,2083]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FF22245D7773F8AC" bold="true" box="[136,260,1845,1867]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">FIGURE 12</emphasis>
. Cross-section of the leaf blade of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B815BFFD9FDFF245D7510F8AD" authority="Benth." authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[597,871,1845,1867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FDFF245D7557F8AD" box="[597,800,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">Copaifera marginata</emphasis>
Benth.
</taxonomicName>
submitted to histochemical tests. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FB06245D72CFF8AC" bold="true" box="[1196,1208,1845,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">a</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FB6E245D72A6F8AC" bold="true" box="[1220,1233,1845,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">b</emphasis>
midrib. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FA8E245D7358F8AC" bold="true" box="[1316,1327,1845,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">c</emphasis>
margin. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FA2F245D73E5F8AC" bold="true" box="[1413,1426,1845,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">d</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FA35245D73D1F8AD" bold="true" box="[1439,1446,1845,1867]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">i</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FF22243176E7F889" bold="true" box="[136,144,1881,1903]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">j</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FF37243176D3F888" bold="true" box="[157,164,1881,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">l</emphasis>
leaf blade. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FEBF24317757F888" bold="true" box="[277,288,1881,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">e</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FE862431774FF888" bold="true" box="[300,312,1881,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">g</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FEEF24317725F888" bold="true" box="[325,338,1881,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">k</emphasis>
petiole. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FE0D243177D8F889" bold="true" box="[423,431,1881,1903]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">f</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FE11243177BFF888" bold="true" box="[443,456,1881,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">h</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FE7F243177AAF889" bold="true" box="[469,477,1881,1903]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">j</emphasis>
rachis. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FD8024317438F888" bold="true" box="[554,591,1881,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">a–d</emphasis>
. phenolic compounds in tissues and the epithelial cells of the secretory cavity. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FAE624317320F888" bold="true" box="[1356,1367,1881,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">e</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FAC92431731CF889" bold="true" box="[1379,1387,1881,1903]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">f</emphasis>
starch grains in the parenchymatic pith and near the vascular system. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FD542415756AF875" bold="true" box="[766,797,1917,1939]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">g–i</emphasis>
acidic lipids inside the secretory cavity and in the epithelial cells indicated by *. 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FE8824C9774AF850" bold="true" box="[290,317,1953,1975]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">j–l</emphasis>
total lipids stained red-orange inside the secretory cavity and epithelial cells indicated by arrows. Note the intense cuticle coloration in 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FEFA24AD772AF83C" bold="true" box="[336,349,1989,2010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">k</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815BFFD9FEC024AD7706F83C" bold="true" box="[362,369,1989,2010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="145">l</emphasis>
. (c = cuticle; fi = fibers; ep = epidermis; et = secretory epithelium; hy = hypodermis; lu = lumen; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sc = sclereids; st = secretory cavity; sp = spongy parenchyma; xy = xylem). Scales: a = 500 µm; b–f, k, l = 50 µm; g–j = 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8B3698815AFFD8FF1723F67704FE1A" blockId="19.[136,1451,158,508]" pageId="19" pageNumber="146">
Finally, we verified that the chemical compounds present in the leaf tissues of the species studied here are quite diverse (e.g., alkaloids, lipids, reducing sugars, and phenolic compounds), in agreement with many reports for the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B815AFFD8FF22238E768DFEE6" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" box="[136,250,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815AFFD8FF22238E768DFEE6" box="[136,250,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="146">Copaifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– which reinforces the possibility of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B815AFFD8FD0D238F751EFEE6" box="[679,873,230,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815AFFD8FD0D238F751EFEE6" box="[679,873,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="146">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B815AFFD8FC09238F724DFEE6" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[931,1082,231,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815AFFD8FC09238F724DFEE6" box="[931,1082,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="146">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as medicinal species – although additional phytochemical and biochemical studies will still be needed to better elucidate, isolate, and categorize their biologically active chemical constituents. In fact, a study of the chemical profiles of the leaves of other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B815AFFD8FF22223A768DFE8A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" box="[136,250,338,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815AFFD8FF22223A768DFE8A" box="[136,250,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="146">Copaifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Brazilian Cerrado (including 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B815AFFD8FD1D223B750FFE8A" box="[695,888,338,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815AFFD8FD1D223B750FFE8A" box="[695,888,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="146">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B815AFFD8FC03223A7233FE8B" box="[937,1092,338,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815AFFD8FC03223A726CFE8A" box="[937,1051,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="146">Copaifera</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
] and 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B815AFFD8FB2F223B736DFE8A" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[1157,1306,339,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815AFFD8FB2F223B736DFE8A" box="[1157,1306,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="146">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is currently being carried out. The study has already detected the presence of quinic acid and kaurenoic acid in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B815AFFD8FB5A221F73F2FE76" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1870" box="[1264,1413,375,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815AFFD8FB5A221F73F2FE76" box="[1264,1413,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="146">C. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, of quercetin-3-O-L-rhamnoside in 
<taxonomicName id="4C344D1B815AFFD8FE5922F374C1FE52" box="[499,694,410,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815AFFD8FE5922F374C1FE52" box="[499,694,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="146">C. appendiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as sixteen isomers of galloylquinic acid - substances that have already been reported for other species of the genus (with confirmed medicinal potentials) (See 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815AFFD8FB4622D773D0FE3E" author="Mota, E. V. &amp; Lemos, M. &amp; Costa, J. C. &amp; Bandero-Filho, V. C. &amp; Sasse, A. &amp; Sheridan, H. &amp; Bastos, J. K." box="[1260,1447,446,473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="146" pagination="145 - 155" refId="ref14872" refString="Mota, E. V., Lemos, M., Costa, J. C., Bandero-Filho, V. C., Sasse, A., Sheridan, H. &amp; Bastos, J. K. (2017) Galloylquinic acid derivatives from Copaifera langsdorffii leaves display gastroprotective activity. Chemico-Biological Interactactions 261: 145 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cbi. 2016.11.028" type="journal article" year="2017">
Mota 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815AFFD8FA8422D77312FE3E" box="[1326,1381,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B69815AFFD8FF22228A7710FE1A" author="Oliveira, D. S. &amp; Lima, L. S. &amp; Antonio, A. S. &amp; Wiedemann, L. S. M. &amp; Veiga-Junior, V. F." box="[136,359,482,508]" pageId="19" pageNumber="146" pagination="72 - 77" refId="ref15473" refString="Oliveira, D. S., Lima, L. S., Antonio, A. S., Wiedemann, L. S. M. &amp; Veiga-Junior, V. F. (2020) Perfil metabolico dos extratos polares das folhas, galhos e cascas de Copaifera multijuga hayne (Copaiba Mari-Mari da amazonia) por ESI-EM. Quimica Nova 43: 72 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.21577 / 0100 - 4042.20170418" type="journal article" year="2020">
Oliveira 
<emphasis id="B940EA8A815AFFD8FF41228B7754FE1A" box="[235,291,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
2020
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>