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<heading id="D0C47822F26B8C61FC35FDF6C616FDD7" box="[946,1318,582,606]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FC35FDF6C616FDD7" authority="Germar, 1813" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1813" box="[946,1318,582,606]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Mordellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inclusa">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FC35FDF6C616FDD7" bold="true" box="[946,1318,582,606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FC35FDF6C7B3FDD7" bold="true" box="[946,1155,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Mordellina inclusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2B2BFF26B8C61FB0DFDF7C616FDD7" author="GERMAR E. F." box="[1162,1318,583,606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="11 - 18" refId="ref21035" refString="GERMAR E. F. 1813: II. Insecten in Bernstein eingeschlossen, beschrieben aus dem academischen Mineralien-Cabinet zu Halle. Magazin der Entomologie 1: 11 - 18." type="journal article" year="1813">Germar, 1813</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A92E95FF26B8C61FCBBFDDDC7B8FD09" author="GERMAR E. F." box="[828,1160,621,640]" page="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" year="1813">
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FCBBFDDDC7B8FD09" authority="Germar, 1813: 14" authorityName="Germar" authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="1813" box="[828,1160,621,640]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Mordellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inclusa">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FCBBFDDDC0D1FD09" box="[828,993,621,640]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Mordellina inclusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2B2BFF26B8C61FC6EFDDDC7B8FD09" author="GERMAR E. F." box="[1001,1160,621,640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="11 - 18" refId="ref21035" refString="GERMAR E. F. 1813: II. Insecten in Bernstein eingeschlossen, beschrieben aus dem academischen Mineralien-Cabinet zu Halle. Magazin der Entomologie 1: 11 - 18." type="journal article" year="1813">Germar, 1813: 14</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
<typeStatus id="548871ECF26B8C61FB14FDDDC7D5FD09" box="[1171,1253,621,640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D3504C7F26B8C61FB77FDDDC66DFD09" box="[1264,1373,621,640]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
, Baltic amber.
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<subSubSection id="C3299CC5F26B8C61FCBBFD03C710F783" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8CCF4EF26B8C61FCBBFD03C665FA23" blockId="2.[828,1437,691,2058]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FCBBFD03C748FD43" bold="true" box="[828,1144,691,714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Comments on identification.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2B2BFF26B8C61FBFAFD03C612FD43" author="GERMAR E. F." box="[1149,1314,691,714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="11 - 18" refId="ref21035" refString="GERMAR E. F. 1813: II. Insecten in Bernstein eingeschlossen, beschrieben aus dem academischen Mineralien-Cabinet zu Halle. Magazin der Entomologie 1: 11 - 18." type="journal article" year="1813">GERMAR (1813)</bibRefCitation>
established both the genus and species based on
<specimenCount id="9D3504C7F26B8C61FB5DFD63C64DFD63" box="[1242,1405,723,746]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
of unknown sex. He explicitly noted on page 12 Dass wir die Gattungsnamen durch Anhängung der Endigung
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FAF4FCA3C6A6FCA3" box="[1395,1430,787,810]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">ina</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FCBBFC83C053FCC3" box="[828,867,819,842]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">ites</emphasis>
oder
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FC2DFC83C0D8FCC3" box="[938,1000,819,842]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">lithus</emphasis>
abänderten, bedarf hoffentlich keiner Rechtfertigung, die Gründe dafür auseinander zu setzen, wäre hier zu weitläufig. Article 20 of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2B2BFF26B8C61FB50FCC3C654FC03" author="ICZN" box="[1239,1380,883,906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" refId="ref21419" refString="ICZN 1999: International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 305 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
does not include the suffix
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FBB0FC23C76AFC23" box="[1079,1114,915,938]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">ina</emphasis>
for the purpose of describing a fossil genus: A name formed by adding the suffix
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FAE1FC03C6A5FC43" box="[1382,1429,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">-ites</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FCBBFC63C05FFC63" box="[828,879,979,1002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">-ytes</emphasis>
or
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FC1FFC63C0E4FC63" box="[920,980,979,1002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">-ithes</emphasis>
to the whole or the stem of an available name of a genus-group taxon, and applied to fossils to distinguish them from extant members of that taxon, without clear evidence of intent to establish a new genus-group taxon, is available only for the purposes of the Principle of Homonymy. Such a name cannot be used as the valid name of a taxon [Art. 23.1] or as the basis of a family-group name [Art. 11.7.1.4] (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2B2BFF26B8C61FB5FFB03C66AFB43" author="ICZN" box="[1240,1370,1203,1226]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" refId="ref21419" refString="ICZN 1999: International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 305 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
). This implies that
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FC4BFB63C7DDFB63" authority="Germar, 1813" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1813" box="[972,1261,1235,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Mordellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FC4BFB63C777FB63" box="[972,1095,1235,1258]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Mordellina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2B2BFF26B8C61FBD6FB63C7DDFB63" author="GERMAR E. F." box="[1105,1261,1235,1258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="11 - 18" refId="ref21035" refString="GERMAR E. F. 1813: II. Insecten in Bernstein eingeschlossen, beschrieben aus dem academischen Mineralien-Cabinet zu Halle. Magazin der Entomologie 1: 11 - 18." type="journal article" year="1813">Germar, 1813</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is an available name with
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FC31FB43C71AFA83" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1813" box="[950,1066,1267,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Mordellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inclusa">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FC31FB43C0FCFA83" box="[950,972,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FC5CFB43C71AFA83" box="[987,1066,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">inclusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a
<typeStatus id="548871ECF26B8C61FBE4FB43C7A2FA83" box="[1123,1170,1267,1290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">type</typeStatus>
species and has priority over
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FCF6FAA3C7BCFAA3" authority="Schilsky, 1908" authorityName="Schilsky" authorityYear="1908" box="[881,1164,1299,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Mordellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FCF6FAA3C0D9FAA3" box="[881,1001,1299,1322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Mordellina</emphasis>
Schilsky, 1908
</taxonomicName>
, a speciose genus of
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FAE1FAA3C085FAC3" authorityName="Ermisch" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mordellistenini">Mordellistenini</taxonomicName>
from the Afrotropical and
<collectingRegion id="49F701ACF26B8C61FB62FA83C6A9FAC3" box="[1253,1433,1331,1354]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Oriental Region</collectingRegion>
. The problem of homonymy is put aside for consideration by future students of the taxonomy of
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FB5DFAC3C66FFA03" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1242,1375,1395,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mordellidae</taxonomicName>
as its solution is beyond the scope of the present study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8CCF4EF26B8C61FCDDFA03C710F783" blockId="2.[828,1437,691,2058]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
The description provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2B2BFF26B8C61FB2AFA03C66EFA43" author="GERMAR E. F." box="[1197,1374,1459,1482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="11 - 18" refId="ref21035" refString="GERMAR E. F. 1813: II. Insecten in Bernstein eingeschlossen, beschrieben aus dem academischen Mineralien-Cabinet zu Halle. Magazin der Entomologie 1: 11 - 18." type="journal article" year="1813">GERMAR (1813)</bibRefCitation>
does not provide any clue to where his
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FB4EFA63C6ACFA63" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1813" box="[1225,1436,1491,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Mordellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inclusa">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FB4EFA63C6ACFA63" box="[1225,1436,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Mordellina inclusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should belong according to the modern classification of this family. The species is referred to as
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FAB0F9A3C70DF9C3" authority="(Germar, 1813)" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Mordella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inclusa">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FAB0F9A3C0BBF9C3" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Mordella inclusa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2B2BFF26B8C61FC1DF983C705F9C3" author="GERMAR E. F." box="[922,1077,1587,1610]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="11 - 18" refId="ref21035" refString="GERMAR E. F. 1813: II. Insecten in Bernstein eingeschlossen, beschrieben aus dem academischen Mineralien-Cabinet zu Halle. Magazin der Entomologie 1: 11 - 18." type="journal article" year="1813">Germar, 1813</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by H. Burmeister in 1832 (fide
<bibRefCitation id="EFA2B2BFF26B8C61FCBBF9E3C0D6F9E3" author="ERMISCH K." box="[828,998,1619,1642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="177 - 185" refId="ref20074" refString="ERMISCH K. 1941 a: Mordelliden und Scraptiiden aus baltischem Bernstein. Entomologische Blatter 37: 177 - 185." type="journal article" year="1941">ERMISCH 1941a</bibRefCitation>
), but the description does not contain the characters necessary for this generic placement. Therefore, eventual generic synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FB4FF923C6ACF923" authority="Germar" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1813" box="[1224,1436,1683,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Mordellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FB4FF923C671F923" box="[1224,1345,1683,1706]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Mordellina</emphasis>
Germar
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FCF2F903C7BDF943" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[885,1165,1715,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Mordella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FCF2F903C0E9F943" box="[885,985,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Mordella</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
and its tribal placement cannot be established, because until the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FAC7F963C6ACF963" box="[1344,1436,1747,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Tomoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FAC7F963C6ACF963" box="[1344,1436,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Tomoxia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A.
<collectingRegion id="49F701ACF26B8C61FCD9F943C0AFF883" box="[862,927,1779,1802]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Costa</collectingRegion>
, 1854 and
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FB9DF943C782F883" baseAuthorityName="FRANCISCOLO" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[1050,1202,1779,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Mordellistena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FB9DF943C782F883" box="[1050,1202,1779,1802]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Mordellistena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A.
<collectingRegion id="49F701ACF26B8C61FB5BF943C62DF883" box="[1244,1309,1779,1802]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Costa</collectingRegion>
, 1854 were described, the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FBAAF8A3C7A2F8A3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1069,1170,1811,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Mordella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FBAAF8A3C7A2F8A3" box="[1069,1170,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Mordella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the only available extant genus in this family. Moreover, the revision of Baltic
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FC01F8E3C0CAF8E3" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[902,1018,1875,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mordellini">Mordellini</taxonomicName>
cited below did not reveal any direct evidence for the presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FBF8F8C3C7D3F803" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1151,1251,1907,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Mordella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FBF8F8C3C7D3F803" box="[1151,1251,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Mordella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Baltic amber. Both
<typeStatus id="548871ECF26B8C61FCF0F823C0E6F823" box="[887,982,1939,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of the species (if conspecific) were never revised and therefore the identity of
<taxonomicName id="4C33B4CDF26B8C61FB4AF803C6ADF843" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1813" box="[1229,1437,1971,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Mordellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inclusa">
<emphasis id="B947135CF26B8C61FB4AF803C6ADF843" box="[1229,1437,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Mordellina inclusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and validity of all subsequently described Eocene species are open to question.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>