139 lines
20 KiB
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139 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="48EFAEEBA3AA352AD2395FA92FD84ED0" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5538.5.11" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14241545" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1732829534118" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vilela, Lucas, Costa-Campos, Carlos Eduardo, Sousa, Jackson Cleiton De & Carvalho, Thiago Ribeiro De" docDate="2024" docId="038BF34DFFBA6473FF5AD6B1886CFADF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5538.5.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5538 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.5.11" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hydrolaetare schmidti" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="499" masterDocId="FFB28B35FFB86471FF9DD6298B3AFFD4" masterDocTitle="Reproductive and defensive calls of Hydrolaetare schmidti (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Amazonian savanna of Amapá in northern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="500" masterPageNumber="497" pageNumber="499" updateTime="1733189965514" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C19FD60E28C8AEA0ABB11BD773FF0DE3">Reproductive and defensive calls of Hydrolaetare schmidti (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Amazonian savanna of Amapá in northern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B7777306C3D013335B19E330D7FCB33A">Vilela, Lucas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5806428F58B543E5AC21E33201595A17">Laboratório de Herpetologia e Bioacústica, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="175CCD8E9A3CF8C91B72F4E0C22B5162">Costa-Campos, Carlos Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F4CDD273308027FEBDCF75A039348CE1">Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="657C0E40D54F7DED0803847CAD53E889">Sousa, Jackson Cleiton De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1763F90E553DC1FA88FBF8181B7587B0">Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil. & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="176250F28340C9A7A1DEDF1C8886938F">Carvalho, Thiago Ribeiro De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A0AA66C73AAF75F2444601F201A89CA6">Laboratório de Herpetologia e Bioacústica, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="E2A4674604A8DB93DDE3CC8A5E64D982">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A2FA08D12B0A7B42399E4EA3210AF92F">2024-11-19</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="8B9D425BFFBA6473FF5AD6B18822FD3B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">
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In total, we quantified 24 distress calls and 84 advertisement calls from
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<specimenCount id="9D2489D2FFBA6473FC78D6BE8F58FF7B" box="[997,1122,151,175]" count="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" type="male">eight males</specimenCount>
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(data are presented as mean ± SD), of which six produced advertisement calls, one produced distress calls, and one produced both call
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<typeStatus id="5499FCF9FFBA6473FAB6D6958E5DFF00" box="[1323,1383,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">types</typeStatus>
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. The distress call (
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<figureCitation id="13195EDEFFBA6473FEB8D6F68AA3FF2C" box="[293,409,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[340,1241,543,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-191@1.[331,1255,523,1807]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Spectrogram and oscillogram of (A–B) distress calls and (C) advertisement call of Hydrolaetare schmidti from the Amazonian savanna of Amapá in northern Brazil. (A) Typical distress call with clear harmonic structure and (B) distress call with pulsatile structure and without clear harmonic intervals. Male vouchers: CECC 3421 (A and C) and CECC 3422 (B). Calls were produced on different time and frequency scales, because of their distinct temporal and spectral characteristics." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241547/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
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) of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2239D8FFBA6473FE5AD6C98979FF23" baseAuthorityName="Cochran & Goin" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[455,579,223,247]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Hydrolaetare" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
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<emphasis id="B9569E49FFBA6473FE5AD6C98979FF23" box="[455,579,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">H. schmidti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is composed of
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<specimenCount id="9D2489D2FFBA6473FD6AD6C98869FF2C" box="[759,851,224,248]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" type="generic" typeStatus="type">one type</specimenCount>
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of note when manipulated in the field. The amplitude peak varies from 21 to 88 (58.4 ± 3.0) % of the note, whose length varies from 100 to 1366 (548.1 ± 50.0) ms. The note has a variable envelope and generally exhibits a harmonic structure with sound energy distributed over a wide range of frequencies (
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<figureCitation id="13195EDEFFBA6473FEBDD7628A49FEB0" box="[288,371,331,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[340,1241,543,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-191@1.[331,1255,523,1807]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Spectrogram and oscillogram of (A–B) distress calls and (C) advertisement call of Hydrolaetare schmidti from the Amazonian savanna of Amapá in northern Brazil. (A) Typical distress call with clear harmonic structure and (B) distress call with pulsatile structure and without clear harmonic intervals. Male vouchers: CECC 3421 (A and C) and CECC 3422 (B). Calls were produced on different time and frequency scales, because of their distinct temporal and spectral characteristics." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241547/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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), even though some notes can have inharmonic portions at start and/or end lengths. On one occasion, the note displays a pulsatile envelope with individual pulse units recognized at the end of the note and without clear harmonic intervals (
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<figureCitation id="13195EDEFFBA6473FEF1D7BA8A85FE78" box="[364,447,403,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[340,1241,543,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-191@1.[331,1255,523,1807]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Spectrogram and oscillogram of (A–B) distress calls and (C) advertisement call of Hydrolaetare schmidti from the Amazonian savanna of Amapá in northern Brazil. (A) Typical distress call with clear harmonic structure and (B) distress call with pulsatile structure and without clear harmonic intervals. Male vouchers: CECC 3421 (A and C) and CECC 3422 (B). Calls were produced on different time and frequency scales, because of their distinct temporal and spectral characteristics." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241547/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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). The dominant frequency ranges from 376 to 2121 (874.8 ± 285.5) Hz, generally coinciding with the third and fourth harmonics (together, 57% of the analyzed notes). Of 43% of analyzed notes, 17% coincide with the fundamental harmonic, 13% with the fifth harmonic, 9% with the sixth harmonic, and 4% with the eight harmonic. The advertisement call (
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<figureCitation id="13195EDEFFBA6473FEF5D7D68A83FDCC" box="[360,441,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[340,1241,543,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-191@1.[331,1255,523,1807]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Spectrogram and oscillogram of (A–B) distress calls and (C) advertisement call of Hydrolaetare schmidti from the Amazonian savanna of Amapá in northern Brazil. (A) Typical distress call with clear harmonic structure and (B) distress call with pulsatile structure and without clear harmonic intervals. Male vouchers: CECC 3421 (A and C) and CECC 3422 (B). Calls were produced on different time and frequency scales, because of their distinct temporal and spectral characteristics." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241547/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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) was heard and recorded in the first hours of the night (18:00–20:00 h). The call consists of a single note emitted 4 to 10 (7.6 ± 2.4) per minute. It has an elliptical-shaped envelope reflecting the gradual increase in sound amplitude until its peak around the mid-length of the note, followed by a gradual decrease in amplitude throughout the second half of the note. The amplitude peak varies from 30 to 76 (60.5 ± 11.7) % of the note, whose length varies from 866 to 1893 (1364.3 ± 251.7) ms. The dominant frequency ranges from 258 to 850 (484.7 ± 147.2) Hz, with sound energy emphasized in the first three harmonics. Among the analyzed notes, the dominant frequency coincides with the fundamental (46%), second (43%) or third (11%) harmonic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33811D0FFBA6473FF5AD4D288BEFCC7" box="[199,900,763,787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9D425BFFBA6473FF5AD4D288BEFCC7" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1615]" box="[199,900,763,787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">
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This is the first description of male distress calls of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2239D8FFBA6473FC9DD4D58847FCC7" ID-CoL="6MJQ6" authority="(Cochran & Goin, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Cochran & Goin" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[768,893,763,787]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Hydrolaetare" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
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<emphasis id="B9569E49FFBA6473FC9DD4D58847FCC7" box="[768,893,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">H. schmidti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33811D0FFBA6473FC11D4D2886CFADF" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9D425BFFBA6473FC11D4D2886CFADF" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">
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whereas distress calls produced by females were previously described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB33FAAFFBA6473FE02D536898BFCE3" author="Hodl, W. & Gollmann, G." box="[415,689,799,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="11 - 21" refId="ref2628" refString="Hodl, W. & Gollmann, G. (1986) Distress calls in Neotropical frogs. Amphibia-Reptilia, 7, 11 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156853886 X 00226" type="journal article" year="1986">Hödl & Gollmann (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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from Central Brazilian Amazonia. When we compare the female and male distress calls of the species, there is variation related to note length (male: 100–1366 ms; female: 202–480 ms) and dominant frequency (male: 376–2121 Hz; female: 900–4500 Hz). The much wider value range of note length in our sample might simply reflect a larger sample size of analyzed notes (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB33FAAFFBA6473FCF4D5A28F52FC77" author="Hodl, W. & Gollmann, G." box="[873,1128,907,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="11 - 21" refId="ref2628" refString="Hodl, W. & Gollmann, G. (1986) Distress calls in Neotropical frogs. Amphibia-Reptilia, 7, 11 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156853886 X 00226" type="journal article" year="1986">Hödl & Gollmann 1986</bibRefCitation>
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did not report the number of analyzed notes) or varying distress levels of different individuals while manipulated (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB33FAAFFBA6473FBA8D5868E79FC1C" author="Martins, M. & Haddad, C. F. B." box="[1077,1347,943,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="49 - 60" refId="ref2848" refString="Martins, M. & Haddad, C. F. B. (1988) Vocalizations and reproductive behaviour in the Smith Frog, Hyla faber Wied (Amphibia: Hylidae). Amphibia-Reptilia, 9, 49 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156853888 X 00206" type="journal article" year="1988">Martins & Haddad 1988</bibRefCitation>
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). Lower frequencies in anuran calls could be associated with larger body sizes, which cannot explain lower call frequencies of male distress calls of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2239D8FFBA6473FE3ED5D1891AFBDB" baseAuthorityName="Cochran & Goin" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[419,544,1015,1039]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Hydrolaetare" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
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<emphasis id="B9569E49FFBA6473FE3ED5D1891AFBDB" box="[419,544,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">H. schmidti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, given that females are reported to be larger than males (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB33FAAFFBA6473FB0ED5D18EABFBC4" author="Souza, M. B. & Haddad, C. F. B." box="[1171,1425,1015,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="490 - 497" refId="ref3099" refString="Souza, M. B. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2003) Redescription and reevaluation of the generic status of Leptodactylus dantasi (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) and description of its unusual advertisement call. Journal of Herpetology, 37, 490 - 497. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 259 - 01 A" type="journal article" year="2003">Souza & Haddad 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). Despite this, male frogs can have disproportionally larger larynges than females (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB33FAAFFBA6473FC69D2358F80FBE0" author="Guerra, M. A. & Ryan, M. J. & Cannatella, D. C." box="[1012,1210,1051,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="123 - 129" refId="ref2569" refString="Guerra, M. A., Ryan, M. J. & Cannatella, D. C. (2014) Ontogeny of sexual dimorphism in the larynx of the tungara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus. Copeia, 2014, 123 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CG- 13 - 051" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Guerra
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<emphasis id="B9569E49FFBA6473FBDBD2358F41FBE7" box="[1094,1147,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">et al.</emphasis>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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), which might reflect in an increased area density of vocal cords, thus a lower call fundamental frequency (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB33FAAFFBA6473FBBCD2168F91FB8C" author="Martin, W. F." box="[1057,1195,1087,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="273 - 293" refId="ref2802" refString="Martin, W. F. (1971) Mechanics of sound production in toads of the genus Bufo: passive elements. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 176, 273 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jez. 1401760304" type="journal article" year="1971">Martin 1971</bibRefCitation>
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). The first quantitative description of the advertisement call from
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<taxonomicName id="4C2239D8FFBA6473FDF5D24D89DEFBAF" baseAuthorityName="Cochran & Goin" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[616,740,1123,1147]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Hydrolaetare" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
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<emphasis id="B9569E49FFBA6473FDF5D24D89DEFBAF" box="[616,740,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">H. schmidti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was based on
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<specimenCount id="9D2489D2FFBA6473FC15D24D88D1FBAF" box="[904,1003,1123,1147]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F33502CBFFBA6473FBADD24A8FF5FBAF" box="[1072,1231,1123,1147]" name="French Guiana" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB33FAAFFBA6473FB42D24D8BEBFB74" author="Lescure, J. & Marty, C." pageId="2" pageNumber="499" pagination="1 - 388" refId="ref2724" refString="Lescure, J. & Marty, C. (2000) Atlas des amphibiens de Guyane. Patrimoines Naturels, 45, 1 - 388." type="journal article" year="2000">Lescure & Marty 2000</bibRefCitation>
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). The advertisement call described in our study based on
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<specimenCount id="9D2489D2FFBA6473FCDBD2A188F3FB4B" box="[838,969,1159,1183]" count="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" type="male">seven males</specimenCount>
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from the Amazonian savanna of Amapá is consistent with the first call description of the species, with total overlap in all temporal and spectral traits analyzed, which can be explained by the relatively short geographic distance, even though these two populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2239D8FFBA6473FB53D2F98E70FB33" baseAuthorityName="Cochran & Goin" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[1230,1354,1231,1255]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Hydrolaetare" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9569E49FFBA6473FB53D2F98E70FB33" box="[1230,1354,1231,1255]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="499">H. schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabit different ecosystems of Amazonian lowland forests and savannas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |