treatments-xml/data/03/88/87/038887B5FFD72248405C0912FBB6FC64.xml

<document id="D33237D58AA9E48F338AB0708B26E156" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.273558" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d7b895c0-7fd6-4c3c-8d3c-b5791669bd8b" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="273558" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459787908285" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Achituv, Yair &amp; Simon-Blecher, Noa" docDate="2006" docId="038887B5FFD72248405C0912FBB6FC64" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01319p041.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1319" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pyrgopsella youngi Achituv &amp; Simon-Blecher, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FFB1FFCDFFD422424154080EFF97FFBA" masterDocTitle="Pyrgopsella (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) is not a sponge­inhabiting barnacle" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698218844393" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4A2784B1A531030D6A9EBF6C2B781C81">Pyrgopsella (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) is not a sponge­inhabiting barnacle</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="53FF2821260820A1F6BCB7FA91F136C9">Achituv, Yair</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="26C25CF669F02702B360986E17EBA49F">Simon-Blecher, Noa</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038887B5FFD72248405C0912FBB6FC64" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5687280" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119349611" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5687280" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2CAB4A09-7DCF-483F-965F-869A101E7A0A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887B5FFD72248405C0912FBB6FC64" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection id="C33B6528FFD72241405C0912FE16FEE3" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD72241405C0912FD28FE8F" blockId="3.[264,703,283,345]" box="[264,703,283,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="D0D681CFFFD72241405C0912FD28FE8F" bold="true" box="[264,703,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD72241405C0912FD28FE8F" bold="true" box="[264,703,283,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD72241405C0912FE67FE8C" box="[264,496,284,310]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD72241405C0912FE67FE8C" bold="true" box="[264,496,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Pyrgopsella youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657CAFFD7224140A30915FDC2FE8F" box="[503,597,283,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Achituv
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD72241405C0931FE16FEE3" blockId="3.[264,703,283,345]" box="[264,385,319,345]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD7224140440931FEEFFEE3" box="[272,376,319,345]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1. A" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="4.[264,367,1025,1049]" captionStartId-1="5.[264,368,1704,1728]" captionStartId-2="6.[264,367,1194,1218]" captionStartId-3="7.[264,368,1368,1392]" captionStartId-4="8.[264,368,1384,1408]" captionStartId-5="9.[264,368,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox-0="[421,1162,411,1000]" captionTargetBox-1="[410,1178,694,1670]" captionTargetBox-2="[532,1059,774,1165]" captionTargetBox-3="[300,1287,595,1333]" captionTargetBox-4="[398,1189,313,1365]" captionTargetBox-5="[293,1297,532,1459]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[419,1168,406,1003]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[405,1182,686,1680]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[529,1059,772,1171]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[290,1297,588,1344]" captionTargetId-4="figure@8.[392,1198,306,1374]" captionTargetId-5="figure@9.[285,1303,526,1469]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. A. Symphyllia radians, the host coral of Pyrgopsella youngi; ~ 15 barnacles were removed from this colony; note the absence of pits, owing to the barnacle’s near absence of a calcified basis. B. Pyrgopsella youngi, paratype RMNH C 2604 from Symphyllia radians. C. Pyrgospongia stellula, shell of paratype USNM 141633, Bauang Dakula Reef, Tawitawi, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, collected and identified by N. C. Rosell. D. Pyrgospongia stellula, Tanabe Bay, Japan, coll. T. Itô, det. M. J. Grygier, arrow indicates basi­occuldent angle of scutum. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; D = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Pyrgopsella youngi, shell wall and opercular valves of holotype (RMNH C. 2602). A. Shell wall, outer view. B. Shell wall, inner view. C. Scutum, inner view; D. Tergum, inner view. E. Scutum, outer view. F. Tergum, outer view. Scale bars = 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Pyrgopsella youngi. A. Shell wall of a specimen and its vestigial basis attached to the septum of a coral calyx. B. Disc­like basis (arrow pointing to basis) attached to the septum of a coral calyx. C. Internal view of tergum tilted on its basal margin, showing pointed scuto­basal margin and internal tooth. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C = 500 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Pyrgopsella youngi, trophi. A. Labrum with overlying palps. B. Maxillae. C. Mandible. D. Maxillule. E. Half of labrum. Scale bars: A – D = 500 µm; E = 200 µm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Pyrgopsella youngi, cirri. A – D. Cirri I to IV, respectively. Scale bars = 250 µm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Pyrgopsella youngi, details. A. Cirri VI and penis. B. Articles of cirrus IV. C. Tip of penis. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B, C = 250 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/273559/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/273560/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/273561/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/273563/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/273564/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/273565/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B6528FFD72241405C0981FC66FCDB" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD72241405C0981FC66FCDB" blockId="3.[264,1325,399,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD72241405C0981FE7DFE12" box="[264,490,399,424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Material examined</emphasis>
: Fifteen specimens, six with soft parts, were obtained from a partly bleached colony of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD7224140B909B9FB81FE6B" authority="Milne-Edwards and Haime" authorityName="Milne-Edwards and Haime" box="[493,1046,439,465]" class="Anthozoa" family="Mussidae" genus="Symphyllia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radians">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD7224140B909B9FD47FE6A" box="[493,720,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Symphyllia radians</emphasis>
Milne­Edwards and Haime
</taxonomicName>
, found in a tropical fish shop in 
<collectingCountry id="F3367633FFD72241403C09D1FE3AFE43" box="[360,429,479,505]" name="Israel" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Israel</collectingCountry>
. The source of the coral was Sulawesi, 
<collectingCountry id="F3367633FFD7224142D309D1FC6BFE43" box="[903,1020,479,505]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, exact location unknown. The barnacles were suspended in the coral tissue and easily detached from the coral. Part of the host coral (catalogue number 
<collectionCode id="ED30AE66FFD7224143820A21FCB9FDF3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[726,814,559,585]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">RMNH</collectionCode>
Coel. 33023) and the barnacle 
<typeStatus id="549A8801FFD7224145900A21FABCFDF3" box="[1220,1323,559,585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED30AE66FFD7224140440A59FEFDFDCB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[272,362,599,625]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">RMNH</collectionCode>
C. 2602: two slides with cirri and mouth parts, SEM stubs of shell and opercular valves) and two 
<typeStatus id="549A8801FFD7224140930A71FDA0FD23" box="[455,567,639,665]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED30AE66FFD7224143120A71FD37FD23" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[582,672,639,665]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">RMNH</collectionCode>
C 2603 and 
<collectionCode id="ED30AE66FFD7224142670A71FC1CFD23" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[819,907,639,665]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">RMNH</collectionCode>
C 2604: shell and opercular valves, and SEM stubs with shell and opercular valves, respectively) have been deposited in the 
<collectionCode id="ED30AE66FFD72241405C0AC1FEF3FD53" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[264,356,719,745]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">RMNH</collectionCode>
. The other part of the host coral (catalogue number 
<collectingCountry id="F3367633FFD7224142900AC1FC69FD53" box="[964,1022,719,745]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
<collectionCode id="ED30AE66FFD7224142900AC1FC69FD53" box="[964,1022,719,745]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ze71-842p" name="Tel-Aviv University" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">TAU</collectionCode>
</collectingCountry>
Co32349), the remaining 
<typeStatus id="549A8801FFD72241405C0AF9FEECFCAB" box="[264,379,759,785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, shell and opercular valves of four specimens prepared for SEM analysis, slides of two specimens with cirri and mouth parts, are deposited in the 
<collectingCountry id="F3367633FFD7224145590B11FBD0FC83" box="[1037,1095,799,825]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
<collectionCode id="ED30AE66FFD7224145590B11FBD0FC83" box="[1037,1095,799,825]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ze71-842p" name="Tel-Aviv University" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">TAU</collectionCode>
</collectingCountry>
(catalogue number 
<collectingCountry id="F3367633FFD72241405C0B49FED5FCDB" box="[264,322,839,865]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
<collectionCode id="ED30AE66FFD72241405C0B49FED5FCDB" box="[264,322,839,865]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ze71-842p" name="Tel-Aviv University" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">TAU</collectionCode>
</collectingCountry>
Ar27804). Two specimens were used for 
<collectionCode id="ED30AE66FFD7224142790B49FCFAFCDB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[813,877,839,865]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">DNA</collectionCode>
extraction.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B6528FFD72241406C0B61FCF5FC0B" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD72241406C0B61FCF5FC0B" blockId="3.[264,1325,399,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD72241406C0B61FE22FC32" box="[312,437,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Etymology</emphasis>
: The specific epithet honors the late Paulo Young in recognition of his contribution to our knowledge of cirripede biology.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B6528FFD72241406C0BB1FD49FB93" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD72241406C0BB1FD49FB93" blockId="3.[264,1325,399,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD72241406C0BB1FE38FC62" box="[312,431,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Wall concrescent, ribs on shell absent. Basis, membranous, with inferior end calcareous. Scutum and tergum not fused, scutum transversally elongated, tergum triangular with internally directed tooth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B6528FFD72247406C0C39FB81FDCC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD72241406C0C39FD2EFA5B" blockId="3.[264,1325,399,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD72241406C0C39FE55FBEA" box="[312,450,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Description</emphasis>
: Shell (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD7224143730C39FDF9FBEB" box="[551,622,1079,1105]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1025,1049]" captionTargetBox="[421,1162,411,1000]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[419,1168,406,1003]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Symphyllia radians, the host coral of Pyrgopsella youngi; ~ 15 barnacles were removed from this colony; note the absence of pits, owing to the barnacle’s near absence of a calcified basis. B. Pyrgopsella youngi, paratype RMNH C 2604 from Symphyllia radians. C. Pyrgospongia stellula, shell of paratype USNM 141633, Bauang Dakula Reef, Tawitawi, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, collected and identified by N. C. Rosell. D. Pyrgospongia stellula, Tanabe Bay, Japan, coll. T. Itô, det. M. J. Grygier, arrow indicates basi­occuldent angle of scutum. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; D = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273559/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C, 2A, 3A, B) white but nearly transparent, concrescent, low­conical, thin, oval, maximum carino­rostral diameter 
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, maximum lateral diameter 
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. Radiating rib absent; shallow, concentric growth lines on outer surface. Shell tubiferous, tubes wide, penetrating 2/3 of shell; inner shell white; sheath with concentric growth lines, reaching margins of shell; short spines on sheath perimeter located at margins of lateral septa, number of spines equal to number of septa, with no denticulation on margins of septa. Orifice oval, located at carinal end of shell; carinorostral diameter 1/3 carino­rostral diameter. Tergoscutal flaps banded purple on white cream ground. Basis (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD72241434C0D79FDC9FA2B" box="[536,606,1399,1425]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1025,1049]" captionTargetBox="[421,1162,411,1000]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[419,1168,406,1003]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Symphyllia radians, the host coral of Pyrgopsella youngi; ~ 15 barnacles were removed from this colony; note the absence of pits, owing to the barnacle’s near absence of a calcified basis. B. Pyrgopsella youngi, paratype RMNH C 2604 from Symphyllia radians. C. Pyrgospongia stellula, shell of paratype USNM 141633, Bauang Dakula Reef, Tawitawi, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, collected and identified by N. C. Rosell. D. Pyrgospongia stellula, Tanabe Bay, Japan, coll. T. Itô, det. M. J. Grygier, arrow indicates basi­occuldent angle of scutum. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; D = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273559/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B) membranous, sometimes with basal part elongated and peduncle­like, basal tip connected to small, white, calcareous disc, latter usually attached to septum of coral calyx (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD7224143670DC9FDEFFA5B" box="[563,632,1479,1505]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox="[532,1059,774,1165]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[529,1059,772,1171]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pyrgopsella youngi. A. Shell wall of a specimen and its vestigial basis attached to the septum of a coral calyx. B. Disc­like basis (arrow pointing to basis) attached to the septum of a coral calyx. C. Internal view of tergum tilted on its basal margin, showing pointed scuto­basal margin and internal tooth. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273561/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A,B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD72246406C0DE1FE4CFEE4" blockId="3.[264,1325,399,1905]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">
Scutum and tergum white, separate. Scutum (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD7224142180DE1FC04F9B3" box="[844,915,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[410,1178,694,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[405,1182,686,1680]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyrgopsella youngi, shell wall and opercular valves of holotype (RMNH C. 2602). A. Shell wall, outer view. B. Shell wall, inner view. C. Scutum, inner view; D. Tergum, inner view. E. Scutum, outer view. F. Tergum, outer view. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273560/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C, E) transversally elongated, thin, total length (including tergal tooth) ~five times maximal width; basal margins slightly sinusoidal; adductor muscle pit shallow, distinct; adductor ridge small, low; lateral depressor muscle pit indistinct; width of tergal tooth ~1/2 width tergal margin, located closer to occuludent margin then to basal margin; growth lines on outer surface; narrow, oblique furrow beginning at tergal margin halfway between tergal tooth and occludent margin, ending near occludent basal angle. Tergum (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD7224142390ED1FC24F943" box="[877,947,1759,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[410,1178,694,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[405,1182,686,1680]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyrgopsella youngi, shell wall and opercular valves of holotype (RMNH C. 2602). A. Shell wall, outer view. B. Shell wall, inner view. C. Scutum, inner view; D. Tergum, inner view. E. Scutum, outer view. F. Tergum, outer view. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273560/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="32">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D, F) triangular, growth lines on outer surface; short, spur barely distinct; external groove running from middle of scutal margin to basi­carinal apex; small notch in middle of scutal margin; basi­scutal angle pointed; thin, pointed, inward­projecting tooth on spur; notch in middle of carinal margin; inner side with depression accommoding tergal tooth of scutum; growth lines visible inside depression.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5E662BFFD02246405C0C0FFCCAFB52" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273559/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[421,1162,411,1000]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD02246405C0C0FFCCAFB52" blockId="4.[264,1323,1025,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD02246405C0C0FFE18FBA3" bold="true" box="[264,399,1025,1049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
A. 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD0224640940C0FFD05FBA2" box="[448,658,1025,1048]" class="Anthozoa" family="Mussidae" genus="Symphyllia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radians">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD0224640940C0FFD05FBA2" box="[448,658,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Symphyllia radians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the host coral of 
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD02246423F0C0FFBD0FBA2" box="[875,1095,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD02246423F0C0FFBD7FBA2" box="[875,1088,1025,1048]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">Pyrgopsella youngi</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
~15 barnacles were removed from this colony; note the absence of pits, owing to the barnacle’s near absence of a calcified basis. B. 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD02246408A0C49FD24FBE4" box="[478,691,1095,1118]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD02246408A0C49FD24FBE4" box="[478,691,1095,1118]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Pyrgopsella youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype RMNH C 2604 from 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD02246457F0C49FB68FBE4" box="[1067,1279,1095,1118]" class="Anthozoa" family="Mussidae" genus="Symphyllia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radians">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD02246457F0C49FB68FBE4" box="[1067,1279,1095,1118]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Symphyllia radians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. C. 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD02246405C0C67FE60FB3A" box="[264,503,1129,1152]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD02246405C0C67FE60FB3A" box="[264,503,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Pyrgospongia stellula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, shell of paratype USNM 141633, Bauang Dakula Reef, Tawitawi, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, collected and identified by N. C. Rosell. D. 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD0224645600C82FE1FFB7F" authority="Tanabe Bay" authorityName="Tanabe Bay" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD0224645600C82FAB3FB19" box="[1076,1316,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Pyrgospongia stellula</emphasis>
, Tanabe Bay
</taxonomicName>
, Japan, coll. T. Itô, det. M. J. Grygier, arrow indicates basi­occuldent angle of scutum. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; D = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD02246406C0D12FA93F954" blockId="4.[264,1325,1308,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
Labrum (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD0224640FF0D12FE60FA8C" box="[427,503,1308,1334]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1368,1392]" captionTargetBox="[300,1287,595,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[290,1297,588,1344]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyrgopsella youngi, trophi. A. Labrum with overlying palps. B. Maxillae. C. Mandible. D. Maxillule. E. Half of labrum. Scale bars: A – D = 500 µm; E = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273563/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A, E) rounded with deep median notch, very short, fine setae on margins and outer surface; palps (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD0224643C50D4AFD41FAE4" box="[657,726,1348,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1368,1392]" captionTargetBox="[300,1287,595,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[290,1297,588,1344]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyrgopsella youngi, trophi. A. Labrum with overlying palps. B. Maxillae. C. Mandible. D. Maxillule. E. Half of labrum. Scale bars: A – D = 500 µm; E = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273563/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A) elongate, oval with upper margins straight, long setae on outer surface, longest at distal end, inner margins with shorter setae. Mandible (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD0224640450D9AFECFFA14" box="[273,344,1428,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1368,1392]" captionTargetBox="[300,1287,595,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[290,1297,588,1344]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyrgopsella youngi, trophi. A. Labrum with overlying palps. B. Maxillae. C. Mandible. D. Maxillule. E. Half of labrum. Scale bars: A – D = 500 µm; E = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273563/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C) with five teeth along cutting edge, distances between teeth unequal, upper two teeth occupying 1/2 length cutting edge, second and fourth teeth bifid, lower angle with short spines; face and margins of mandible bearing setae, lower margins with combs, conical spines on lower angle. Maxillule (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD0224642520E02FCD9F99C" box="[774,846,1548,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1368,1392]" captionTargetBox="[300,1287,595,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[290,1297,588,1344]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyrgopsella youngi, trophi. A. Labrum with overlying palps. B. Maxillae. C. Mandible. D. Maxillule. E. Half of labrum. Scale bars: A – D = 500 µm; E = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273563/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D) with cutting edge unnotched, armed with row of ~ten unequal spines, tuft of smaller, hair­like setae at distal angle; setae scattered along upper part of maxillule, row of dense setae on lower part; some combs of hairs on face of maxillule projecting beyond cutting edge. Maxilla (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD02246454F0E8AFBF6F924" box="[1051,1121,1668,1694]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1368,1392]" captionTargetBox="[300,1287,595,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[290,1297,588,1344]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyrgopsella youngi, trophi. A. Labrum with overlying palps. B. Maxillae. C. Mandible. D. Maxillule. E. Half of labrum. Scale bars: A – D = 500 µm; E = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273563/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B) oval­elongate, long setae distally, short setae on inner side, few simple setae on upper and lower margins, distal surface with two rows of short, sharp setae; lower angle with two to three spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD02247406C0EF2FA84FD9C" blockId="4.[264,1325,1308,1894]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,284,630]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
Number of articles of cirri of three randomly selected individuals given in 
<tableCitation id="C6A30318FFD02246459E0EF2FAB2F8AC" box="[1226,1317,1788,1814]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetBox="[272,1279,409,688]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Cirral counts of three randomly selected specimens of Pyrgopsella youngi from Symphyllia radians, expressed as a – b for numbers of articles in anterior (a) and posterior (p) rami, respectively, of each cirrus; + indicates a broken ramus, R = right cirrus, L = left cirrus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5E662BFFD22244405C0915FB32FEC2" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="DF5E662BFFD22244405C0915FB32FEC2">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Cirrus I (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD0224640260F2AFE21F884" box="[370,438,1828,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[398,1189,313,1365]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[392,1198,306,1374]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyrgopsella youngi, cirri. A – D. Cirri I to IV, respectively. Scale bars = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273564/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A) highly setose; anterior ramus ~twice length of posterior ramus; proximal articles of anterior ramus and all segments of posterior ramus with protuberances bearing setae. Cirrus II (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD1224740840912FD8FFE8C" box="[464,536,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[398,1189,313,1365]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[392,1198,306,1374]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyrgopsella youngi, cirri. A – D. Cirri I to IV, respectively. Scale bars = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273564/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B) with rami ~equal length; articles slightly protuberant, bearing long setae. Cirrus III with anterior ramus somewhat longer than posterior ramus; articles with protuberances bearing tufts of long, plumose setae (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD1224742F60962FC70FE3C" box="[930,999,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[398,1189,313,1365]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[392,1198,306,1374]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyrgopsella youngi, cirri. A – D. Cirri I to IV, respectively. Scale bars = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273564/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C). Cirri IV (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD1224745D50962FB51FE3C" box="[1153,1222,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[398,1189,313,1365]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[392,1198,306,1374]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyrgopsella youngi, cirri. A – D. Cirri I to IV, respectively. Scale bars = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273564/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D) to VI (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD122474045099AFECBFE14" box="[273,348,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[293,1297,532,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[285,1303,526,1469]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pyrgopsella youngi, details. A. Cirri VI and penis. B. Articles of cirrus IV. C. Tip of penis. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B, C = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273565/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A) long and slender; each article with four pairs of setae of different lengths arranged along anterior margin, generally each pair accompanied by short, proximal seta; setae at distal end of articles longer, ~three times article width; two or three short setae at posterior articulation of each article (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD1224743EE0A02FC96FD9C" box="[698,769,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[293,1297,532,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[285,1303,526,1469]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pyrgopsella youngi, details. A. Cirri VI and penis. B. Articles of cirrus IV. C. Tip of penis. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B, C = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273565/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B); basal articles with a row of pairs of setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD12247406C0A3AFB81FDCC" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
Penis (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD1224740D30A3AFE5BFDF4" box="[391,460,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[293,1297,532,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[285,1303,526,1469]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pyrgopsella youngi, details. A. Cirri VI and penis. B. Articles of cirrus IV. C. Tip of penis. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B, C = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273565/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A) long, annulated, scattered thin setae along length; distal end modified, more slender then rest of penis, not annulated, few setae (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFD1224742FF0A52FC64FDCC" box="[939,1011,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[293,1297,532,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[285,1303,526,1469]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pyrgopsella youngi, details. A. Cirri VI and penis. B. Articles of cirrus IV. C. Tip of penis. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B, C = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273565/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5E662BFFD12247405C0EA6FC52F8BF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273560/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[410,1178,694,1670]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD12247405C0EA6FC52F8BF" blockId="5.[264,1323,1704,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD12247405C0EA6FE1CF97A" bold="true" box="[264,395,1704,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD1224740C60EA7FDF6F97A" box="[402,609,1705,1728]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD1224740C60EA7FDF6F97A" box="[402,609,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Pyrgopsella youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, shell wall and opercular valves of holotype (RMNH C. 2602). A. Shell wall, outer view. B. Shell wall, inner view. C. Scutum, inner view; D. Tergum, inner view. E. Scutum, outer view. F. Tergum, outer view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5E662BFFD22244405C0915FB32FEC2" ID-Table-UUID="DF5E662BFFD22244405C0915FB32FEC2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5E662BFFD22244405C0915FB32FEC2" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[272,1279,409,688]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD22244405C0915FB32FEC2" blockId="6.[264,1323,283,376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD22244405C0915FE15FE89" bold="true" box="[264,386,283,307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Cirral counts of three randomly selected specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD2224445460912FB7EFE89" box="[1042,1257,284,307]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD2224445460912FB7EFE89" box="[1042,1257,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Pyrgopsella youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD22244405C0931FE41FEEC" box="[264,470,319,342]" class="Anthozoa" family="Mussidae" genus="Symphyllia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radians">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD22244405C0931FE41FEEC" box="[264,470,319,342]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Symphyllia radians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, expressed as a–b for numbers of articles in anterior (a) and posterior (p) rami, respectively, of each cirrus; + indicates a broken ramus, R = right cirrus, L= left cirrus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD2224440440997FB6CFD0A" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<table id="F921C403FFD2DDBD40440997FB68FD0A" box="[272,1279,409,688]" gridcols="7" gridrows="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<tr id="351134E1FFD2DDBD40440997FB68FE0A" box="[272,1279,409,432]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD40440997FE1AFE0A" box="[272,397,409,432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Cirrus</th>
<th id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD437E0997FDC8FE0A" box="[554,607,409,432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">I</th>
<th id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD43FE0997FD48FE0A" box="[682,735,409,432]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">II</th>
<th id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD427E0997FCFAFE0A" box="[810,877,409,432]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">III</th>
<th id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD42FE0997FBF8FE0A" box="[938,1135,409,432]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">IV V</th>
<th id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD45FA0997FB68FE0A" box="[1198,1279,409,432]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">VI</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351134E1FFD2DDBD404409CAFB68FE61" box="[272,1279,452,475]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<th id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD404409CAFE1AFE61" box="[272,397,452,475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Specimen 1</th>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD408209CAFE7FFE61" box="[470,488,452,475]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">R</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD437E09CAFDC8FE61" box="[554,607,452,475]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">15–8</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD43FE09CAFD48FE61" box="[682,735,452,475]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">10–8</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD427E09CAFCFAFE61" box="[810,877,452,475]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">12–9</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD42FE09CAFBF8FE61" box="[938,1135,452,475]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">30–15+ 29–26</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD45FA09CAFB68FE61" box="[1198,1279,452,475]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">29–24+</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351134E1FFD2DDBD404409E0FB68FDBF" box="[272,1279,494,517]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD408209E0FE7FFDBF" box="[470,488,494,517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">L</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD437E09E0FDC8FDBF" box="[554,607,494,517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">15–7</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD43FE09E0FD48FDBF" box="[682,735,494,517]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">9–8</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD427E09E0FCFAFDBF" box="[810,877,494,517]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">12–9</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD42FE09E0FBF8FDBF" box="[938,1135,494,517]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">32–23 28–23</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD45FA09E0FB68FDBF" box="[1198,1279,494,517]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">28–28</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351134E1FFD2DDBD40440A17FB68FD8A" box="[272,1279,537,560]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<th id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD40440A17FE1AFD8A" box="[272,397,537,560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Specimen 2</th>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD40820A17FE7FFD8A" box="[470,488,537,560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">R</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD437E0A17FDC8FD8A" box="[554,607,537,560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">13–8</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD43FE0A17FD48FD8A" box="[682,735,537,560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">8–7</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD427E0A17FCFAFD8A" box="[810,877,537,560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">10–8</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD42FE0A17FBF8FD8A" box="[938,1135,537,560]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">20–18 18–+</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD45FA0A17FB68FD8A" box="[1198,1279,537,560]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">5+­23</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351134E1FFD2DDBD40440A4AFB68FDE1" box="[272,1279,580,603]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD40820A4AFE7FFDE1" box="[470,488,580,603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">L</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD437E0A4AFDC8FDE1" box="[554,607,580,603]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">16–7</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD43FE0A4AFD48FDE1" box="[682,735,580,603]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">9–7</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD427E0A4AFCFAFDE1" box="[810,877,580,603]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">10–8</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD42FE0A4AFBF8FDE1" box="[938,1135,580,603]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">23–20 +­26</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD45FA0A4AFB68FDE1" box="[1198,1279,580,603]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">20–24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351134E1FFD2DDBD40440A60FB68FD3F" box="[272,1279,622,645]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<th id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD40440A60FE1AFD3F" box="[272,397,622,645]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Specimen 3</th>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD40820A60FE7FFD3F" box="[470,488,622,645]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">R</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD437E0A60FDC8FD3F" box="[554,607,622,645]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">16–8</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD43FE0A60FD48FD3F" box="[682,735,622,645]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">8–8</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD427E0A60FCFAFD3F" box="[810,877,622,645]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">12–12</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD42FE0A60FBF8FD3F" box="[938,1135,622,645]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">23–4+ +­22+</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD45FA0A60FB68FD3F" box="[1198,1279,622,645]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">30–26</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351134E1FFD2DDBD40440A97FB68FD0A" box="[272,1279,665,688]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD40820A97FE7FFD0A" box="[470,488,665,688]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">L</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD437E0A97FDC8FD0A" box="[554,607,665,688]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">17–7</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD43FE0A97FD48FD0A" box="[682,735,665,688]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">7–7</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD427E0A97FCFAFD0A" box="[810,877,665,688]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">10–9</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD42FE0A97FBF8FD0A" box="[938,1135,665,688]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">26–22 23–24</td>
<td id="76C05D9DFFD2DDBD45FA0A97FB68FD0A" box="[1198,1279,665,688]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">13+­25</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5E662BFFD22244405C0CA4FC57FA90" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273561/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[532,1059,774,1165]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD22244405C0CA4FC57FA90" blockId="6.[264,1323,1194,1322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD22244405C0CA4FE1DFB78" bold="true" box="[264,394,1194,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD2224440C60CA5FDF6FB78" box="[402,609,1195,1218]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD2224440C60CA5FDF6FB78" box="[402,609,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Pyrgopsella youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Shell wall of a specimen and its vestigial basis attached to the septum of a coral calyx. B. Disc­like basis (arrow pointing to basis) attached to the septum of a coral calyx. C. Internal view of tergum tilted on its basal margin, showing pointed scuto­basal margin and internal tooth. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C = 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33B6528FFD22248406C0D50FBB6FC64" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD22244406C0D50FB80F90D" blockId="6.[264,1323,1373,1879]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD22244406C0D50FE09FACD" box="[312,414,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Remarks</emphasis>
: The barnacles from 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD2224443E00D50FC09FACD" box="[692,926,1374,1399]" class="Anthozoa" family="Mussidae" genus="Symphyllia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radians">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD2224443E00D50FC09FACD" box="[692,926,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Symphyllia radians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from those described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B52FFD22244405C0D8BFE26FA25" author="Gruvel" box="[264,433,1413,1439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" refString="Gruvel, A. (1907) Cirrhipedes opercules de l'Indian Museum de Calcutta. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 2, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1907">Gruvel (1907)</bibRefCitation>
in two striking aspects: the tergum as depicted and described by Gruvel carries a truncate internal tooth, whereas the inward projecting tooth found in our specimens is thin and pointed and located on the short spur. The second difference concerns the distal end of the penis. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD2224443860DF0FC7EF9AD" box="[722,1001,1534,1559]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD2224443860DF0FC7EF9AD" box="[722,1001,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Pyrgopsella annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is ornamented with short spines, which are missing in our material, and the modified end of the penis in Gruvel’s material is pear­like, while in the present material this part of the penis is elongate. On the basis of these differences, we conclude that our material is not referable to 
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD2224445D60E78FABDF935" box="[1154,1322,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD2224445D60E78FAB1F935" box="[1154,1318,1654,1679]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">P. annandalei</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but should be assigned to a new species, named by us as 
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD2224442F70E90FB80F90D" box="[931,1047,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD2224442F70E90FB85F90D" box="[931,1042,1694,1719]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">P. youngi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD22245406C0ECBFE0EFD9C" blockId="6.[264,1323,1373,1879]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1323,284,550]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
In most coral­barnacles the shell is overgrown by the coral and calcareous material is deposited on the barnacle surface. In many cases the coral forms spines or perturbations over the surface of the shell plates and in some cases even an entire corallite. However, in 
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD22244405C0F30FE0BF8ED" box="[264,412,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD22244405C0F30FE0FF8ED" box="[264,408,1854,1879]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pyrgopsella</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
soft coral tissue covers the shell with no deposition of calcareous material over it and the barnacle comes to be suspended in the coral tissue. A more remarkable difference between 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD3224540A2094AFD15FEE7" box="[502,642,324,349]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD3224540A2094AFD15FEE7" box="[502,642,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Pyrgopsella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other pyrgomatids is the membranous basis with a vestigial, calcareous part. In all other coral­inhabiting barnacles the basis is calcareous and, in most cases, it is cone­like and tapered, embedded in the coral skeleton. A particular feature of the coral 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD3224540B809B2FD59FE6F" box="[492,718,444,469]" class="Anthozoa" family="Mussidae" genus="Symphyllia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radians">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD3224540B809B2FD59FE6F" box="[492,718,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Symphyllia radians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the thick, fleshy tissue in which the barnacles are embedded. This thick tissue supports the barnacles, thus making a calcareous basis superfluous.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5E662BFFD32245405C0D56FB1AFA28" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273563/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[300,1287,595,1333]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD32245405C0D56FB1AFA28" blockId="7.[264,1324,1368,1426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD32245405C0D56FE04FACA" bold="true" box="[264,403,1368,1392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD3224540F70D57FDECFACA" box="[419,635,1369,1392]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD3224540F70D57FDECFACA" box="[419,635,1369,1392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Pyrgopsella youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, trophi. A. Labrum with overlying palps. B. Maxillae. C. Mandible. D. Maxillule. E. Half of labrum. Scale bars: A–D = 500 µm; E = 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFD32245406C0DC8FC3BF89A" blockId="7.[264,1323,1478,1824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B52FFD32245406C0DC8FE4DFA5A" author="Rosell" box="[312,474,1478,1504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" refString="Rosell, N. C. (1973) On two less well-known balanids (Cirripedia Thoracica) from the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines. University of the Philippines Natural Science Research Center Technical Report, 4, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1973">Rosell (1973</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B52FFD3224540BA0DC8FDBDFA5A" author="Rosell" box="[494,554,1478,1504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" refString="Rosell, N. C. (1975) On two noteworthy balanids (Cirripedia Thoracica) from the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines. Crustaceana, 29, 206 - 214." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
) reported the existence of a barnacle similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD3224545CA0DC8FE1BF9BD" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD3224545CA0DC8FE1BF9BD" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Pyrgopsella annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
embedded in a sponge collected in the 
<collectingCountry id="F3367633FFD32245420B0DE0FC70F9B2" box="[863,999,1518,1544]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. He described this barnacle as a new species, 
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD3224540820E18FDC6F995" box="[470,593,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD3224540820E18FDDAF995" box="[470,589,1558,1583]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">P. stellula</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B52FFD3224543030E18FC90F98A" author="Grygier" box="[599,775,1558,1584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="41" refString="Grygier, M. J. (1992) Pyrgopsella, a sponge-inhabiting &quot; coral-barnacle &quot; (Cirripedia: Pyrgomatidae), with remarks on cirri. Zoological Science, 9, 1305." type="journal article" year="1992">Grygier (1992)</bibRefCitation>
reported the occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD32245451D0E18FB2CF995" box="[1097,1211,1558,1583]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD32245451D0E18FB2CF995" box="[1097,1211,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">P. stellula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F3367633FFD3224545B40E18FAB1F98A" box="[1248,1318,1558,1584]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Japan</collectingCountry>
, extending the geographical distribution of this species, and noted an additional species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD32245405C0E68FE02F9C5" box="[264,405,1638,1663]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD32245405C0E68FE02F9C5" box="[264,405,1638,1663]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Pyrgopsella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a sponge from 
<collectingCountry id="F3367633FFD32245432A0E68FD63F93A" box="[638,756,1638,1664]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B52FFD3224542560E68FC37F93A" author="Rosell" box="[770,928,1638,1664]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" refString="Rosell, N. C. (1973) On two less well-known balanids (Cirripedia Thoracica) from the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines. University of the Philippines Natural Science Research Center Technical Report, 4, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1973">Rosell (1973</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B52FFD3224542E50E68FC7AF93A" author="Rosell" box="[945,1005,1638,1664]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" refString="Rosell, N. C. (1975) On two noteworthy balanids (Cirripedia Thoracica) from the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines. Crustaceana, 29, 206 - 214." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
) suggested that the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD32245405C0E80FE02F91D" box="[264,405,1678,1703]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD32245405C0E80FE02F91D" box="[264,405,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Pyrgopsella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists of sponge inhabiting barnacles and assumed that the host of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD3224544410E80FE1BF975" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD3224544410E80FE1BF975" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">P. annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also a sponge. This view has been widely accepted, but our new find suggests that 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFD3224540F30ED0FDA3F94D" box="[423,564,1758,1783]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFD3224540F30ED0FDA3F94D" box="[423,564,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Pyrgopsella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a coral­barnacle and that Gruvel’s species, which is similar to ours, most probably was detached somehow from a coral.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5E662BFFDC224A405C0D66FB76FA3A" box="[264,1249,1384,1408]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273564/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[398,1189,313,1365]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFDC224A405C0D66FB76FA3A" blockId="8.[264,1249,1384,1408]" box="[264,1249,1384,1408]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDC224A405C0D66FE1DFA3A" bold="true" box="[264,394,1384,1408]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDC224A40C50D67FDF7FA3A" box="[401,608,1385,1408]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDC224A40C50D67FDF7FA3A" box="[401,608,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Pyrgopsella youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, cirri. A–D. Cirri I to IV, respectively. Scale bars = 250 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFDC224B406C0DA0FDA1FE6C" blockId="8.[264,1323,1454,1880]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1324,284,470]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
It is surprising that for a century, ever since its description by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B52FFDC224A45200DA0FAB1FA72" author="Gruvel" box="[1140,1318,1454,1480]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refString="Gruvel, A. (1907) Cirrhipedes opercules de l'Indian Museum de Calcutta. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 2, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1907">Gruvel (1907)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDC224A405C0DD8FE02FA55" box="[264,405,1494,1519]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDC224A405C0DD8FE02FA55" box="[264,405,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Pyrgopsella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was never reported from corals. Both 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDC224A42370DD8FB91FA55" box="[867,1030,1494,1519]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDC224A42370DD8FB91FA55" box="[867,1030,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">P. annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDC224A45160DD8FB27FA55" box="[1090,1200,1494,1519]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDC224A45160DD8FB27FA55" box="[1090,1200,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">P. youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are rather large pyrgomatids, reaching a carino­rostral diameter of 
<quantity id="4CD99B46FFDC224A42F70DF0FC7CF9A2" box="[931,1003,1534,1560]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
, and can hardly be missed. The lack of records until now can be explained by the way in which coral­inhabiting barnacles are studied. Mostly, the barnacles are extracted from dry corals kept in museum collections. Moreover, since identification of corals is based on the structure of the calices and septa, in many cases biologists remove the coral tissue using household bleach or an alkali solution, whereby 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDC224A43070EC8FD48F965" box="[595,735,1734,1759]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDC224A43070EC8FD48F965" box="[595,735,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Pyrgopsella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with its membranous basis would be lost. Examination of the dried and bleached skeleton of the coral from which the present sample was removed showed no conspicuous evidence of the presence of the barnacles. Only detection of the vestigial calcareous basis could show that barnacles had formerly lived on the coral. In the collection of Naturalis, Leiden, there is a colony of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDD224B45630912FABDFE8F" box="[1079,1322,284,309]" class="Anthozoa" family="Mussidae" genus="Symphyllia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radiance">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDD224B45630912FABDFE8F" box="[1079,1322,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Symphyllia radiance</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from S.W. Sulawesi (RMNH Coel 24745) with vestigial calcareous basis. Our new findings underline the importance of examining live corals, or corals preserved with their tissue, for the presence of barnacles, a technique that might reveal additional kinds of coral­inhabiting barnacle.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5E662BFFDD224B405C0DDBFC97F9B5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273565/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[293,1297,532,1459]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFDD224B405C0DDBFC97F9B5" blockId="9.[264,1322,1493,1551]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDD224B405C0DDBFE1BFA57" bold="true" box="[264,396,1493,1517]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDD224B40C00DDBFDF2FA56" box="[404,613,1493,1516]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDD224B40C00DDBFDF2FA56" box="[404,613,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Pyrgopsella youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, details. A. Cirri VI and penis. B. Articles of cirrus IV. C. Tip of penis. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B, C = 250 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9E36A3FFDD2248406C0E4DFBB6FC64" blockId="9.[264,1323,1603,1869]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1323,284,990]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
The main feature that 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDD224B43680E4DFCB0F9E6" box="[572,807,1603,1628]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDD224B43680E4DFCB0F9E6" box="[572,807,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Pyrgopsella stellula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDD224B42630E4DFC11F9E7" box="[823,902,1603,1629]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1025,1049]" captionTargetBox="[421,1162,411,1000]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[419,1168,406,1003]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Symphyllia radians, the host coral of Pyrgopsella youngi; ~ 15 barnacles were removed from this colony; note the absence of pits, owing to the barnacle’s near absence of a calcified basis. B. Pyrgopsella youngi, paratype RMNH C 2604 from Symphyllia radians. C. Pyrgospongia stellula, shell of paratype USNM 141633, Bauang Dakula Reef, Tawitawi, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, collected and identified by N. C. Rosell. D. Pyrgospongia stellula, Tanabe Bay, Japan, coll. T. Itô, det. M. J. Grygier, arrow indicates basi­occuldent angle of scutum. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; D = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273559/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
C; 7A, B), 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDD224B45580E4DFB3AF9E6" box="[1036,1197,1603,1628]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDD224B45580E4DFB3AF9E6" box="[1036,1197,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">P. annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pl. 2 
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDD224B45A80E4DFE81F93F" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[339,1251,317,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[330,1261,310,1671]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pyrgospongia stellula, SEM micrographs of paratypes, USNM 141633. A. Shell with chitinous external cuticle of rostral part removed to expose radial calcareous rods within (partly deformed due to drying during preparation for SEM examination). B. Shell of another specimen, inner view. C. Tergum, outer view. D. Scutum, outer view. E. Tergum, inner view. F. Scutum, inner view. G. Piece of shell­region outer cuticle showing concentric rows of barbed bristles and starshaped spines. Scale bars: A – F = 1 mm; G = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273566/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
b in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B52FFDD224B401E0E65FE72F93F" author="Gruvel" box="[330,485,1643,1669]" pageId="9" pageNumber="41" refString="Gruvel, A. (1907) Cirrhipedes opercules de l'Indian Museum de Calcutta. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 2, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1907">Gruvel, 1907</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDD224B43710E65FD05F93E" box="[549,658,1643,1668]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDD224B43710E65FD05F93E" box="[549,658,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">P. youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDD224B43F50E65FD71F93F" box="[673,742,1643,1669]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[410,1178,694,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[405,1182,686,1680]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyrgopsella youngi, shell wall and opercular valves of holotype (RMNH C. 2602). A. Shell wall, outer view. B. Shell wall, inner view. C. Scutum, inner view; D. Tergum, inner view. E. Scutum, outer view. F. Tergum, outer view. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273560/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A, B) share is a single­plate shell, but otherwise it is difficult to accept that these species all belong to the same genus. In addition to being symbionts of hosts from different phyla, there are striking morphological differences between these species. 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDD224B43650EEDFCB4F946" box="[561,803,1763,1788]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDD224B43650EEDFCB4F946" box="[561,803,1763,1788]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Pyrgopsella stellula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks the peduncle that is present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDD224B44410EEDFE1BF89E" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDD224B44410EEDFE1BF89E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">P. annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pl. 2 
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDD224B408A0F05FDB4F89F" box="[478,547,1803,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[339,1251,317,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[330,1261,310,1671]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pyrgospongia stellula, SEM micrographs of paratypes, USNM 141633. A. Shell with chitinous external cuticle of rostral part removed to expose radial calcareous rods within (partly deformed due to drying during preparation for SEM examination). B. Shell of another specimen, inner view. C. Tergum, outer view. D. Scutum, outer view. E. Tergum, inner view. F. Scutum, inner view. G. Piece of shell­region outer cuticle showing concentric rows of barbed bristles and starshaped spines. Scale bars: A – F = 1 mm; G = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273566/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
a in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B52FFDD224B430D0F05FD61F89F" author="Gruvel" box="[601,758,1803,1829]" pageId="9" pageNumber="41" refString="Gruvel, A. (1907) Cirrhipedes opercules de l'Indian Museum de Calcutta. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 2, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1907">Gruvel, 1907</bibRefCitation>
) and in 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDD224B420E0F05FC5FF89E" box="[858,968,1803,1828]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDD224B420E0F05FC5FF89E" box="[858,968,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">P. youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDD224B428D0F05FB8AF89F" box="[985,1053,1803,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1025,1049]" captionTargetBox="[421,1162,411,1000]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[419,1168,406,1003]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Symphyllia radians, the host coral of Pyrgopsella youngi; ~ 15 barnacles were removed from this colony; note the absence of pits, owing to the barnacle’s near absence of a calcified basis. B. Pyrgopsella youngi, paratype RMNH C 2604 from Symphyllia radians. C. Pyrgospongia stellula, shell of paratype USNM 141633, Bauang Dakula Reef, Tawitawi, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, collected and identified by N. C. Rosell. D. Pyrgospongia stellula, Tanabe Bay, Japan, coll. T. Itô, det. M. J. Grygier, arrow indicates basi­occuldent angle of scutum. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; D = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273559/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B, D). In our material, and one may perhaps assume also in 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDD224B43900F3DFCF1F8F6" box="[708,870,1843,1868]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDD224B43900F3DFCF1F8F6" box="[708,870,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">P. annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the basal tip of the peduncle anchors the barnacle to the septa of a coral calyx. The shell of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224842CC0912FB99FE8F" box="[920,1038,284,309]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224842CC0912FB99FE8F" box="[920,1038,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. stellula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is thin and flexible and only partly calcified (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDE22484340094AFDF7FEE4" box="[532,608,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[339,1251,317,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[330,1261,310,1671]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pyrgospongia stellula, SEM micrographs of paratypes, USNM 141633. A. Shell with chitinous external cuticle of rostral part removed to expose radial calcareous rods within (partly deformed due to drying during preparation for SEM examination). B. Shell of another specimen, inner view. C. Tergum, outer view. D. Scutum, outer view. E. Tergum, inner view. F. Scutum, inner view. G. Piece of shell­region outer cuticle showing concentric rows of barbed bristles and starshaped spines. Scale bars: A – F = 1 mm; G = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273566/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A, B) The calcareous area is in the form of thin spokes radiating from the operculum and a flexible membrane connects those spokes. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224845EA0962FABCFE3F" box="[1214,1323,364,389]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224845EA0962FABCFE3F" box="[1214,1323,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE22484069099AFE76FE17" box="[317,481,404,429]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE22484069099AFE76FE17" box="[317,481,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the shell is totally calcified. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE22484239099AFC73FE17" box="[877,996,404,429]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE22484239099AFC73FE17" box="[877,996,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. stellula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there is no distinct sheath, whereas it is distinct in 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE2248437009B2FD51FE6F" box="[548,710,444,469]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE2248437009B2FD51FE6F" box="[548,710,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE2248425609B2FCE7FE6F" box="[770,880,444,469]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE2248425609B2FCE7FE6F" box="[770,880,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDE224842D509B2FC5FFE6C" box="[897,968,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[410,1178,694,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[405,1182,686,1680]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyrgopsella youngi, shell wall and opercular valves of holotype (RMNH C. 2602). A. Shell wall, outer view. B. Shell wall, inner view. C. Scutum, inner view; D. Tergum, inner view. E. Scutum, outer view. F. Tergum, outer view. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273560/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B). The sickle­shaped, barbed bristles and star­like spines (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDE2248430909EAFD33FE44" box="[605,676,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[339,1251,317,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[330,1261,310,1671]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pyrgospongia stellula, SEM micrographs of paratypes, USNM 141633. A. Shell with chitinous external cuticle of rostral part removed to expose radial calcareous rods within (partly deformed due to drying during preparation for SEM examination). B. Shell of another specimen, inner view. C. Tergum, outer view. D. Scutum, outer view. E. Tergum, inner view. F. Scutum, inner view. G. Piece of shell­region outer cuticle showing concentric rows of barbed bristles and starshaped spines. Scale bars: A – F = 1 mm; G = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273566/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
G) that are arranged in concentric rows over the outer shell membrane in 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224840BD0A02FDCBFD9F" box="[489,604,524,549]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224840BD0A02FDCBFD9F" box="[489,604,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. stellula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are absent in 
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224842550A02FCE1FD9F" box="[769,886,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224842550A02FCE4FD9F" box="[769,883,524,549]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">P. youngi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The shape of the opercular valves of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE2248405C0A3AFEECFDF7" box="[264,379,564,589]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE2248405C0A3AFEECFDF7" box="[264,379,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. stellula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDE224840D90A3AFE44FDF4" box="[397,467,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[339,1251,317,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[330,1261,310,1671]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pyrgospongia stellula, SEM micrographs of paratypes, USNM 141633. A. Shell with chitinous external cuticle of rostral part removed to expose radial calcareous rods within (partly deformed due to drying during preparation for SEM examination). B. Shell of another specimen, inner view. C. Tergum, outer view. D. Scutum, outer view. E. Tergum, inner view. F. Scutum, inner view. G. Piece of shell­region outer cuticle showing concentric rows of barbed bristles and starshaped spines. Scale bars: A – F = 1 mm; G = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273566/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C, D, E, F) and those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224843AB0A3AFC37FDF7" box="[767,928,564,589]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224843AB0A3AFC37FDF7" box="[767,928,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pl. 2 Figs 
<quantity id="4CD99B46FFDE2248457F0A3AFBEAFDF4" box="[1067,1149,564,590]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3114" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" unit="in" value="9.1">9,10 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B52FFDE224845D10A3AFAB5FDF4" author="Gruvel" box="[1157,1314,564,590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Gruvel, A. (1907) Cirrhipedes opercules de l'Indian Museum de Calcutta. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 2, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1907">Gruvel, 1907</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE2248406D0A52FE32FDCF" box="[313,421,604,629]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE2248406D0A52FE32FDCF" box="[313,421,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDE224840E10A52FE6EFDCC" box="[437,505,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[410,1178,694,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[405,1182,686,1680]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyrgopsella youngi, shell wall and opercular valves of holotype (RMNH C. 2602). A. Shell wall, outer view. B. Shell wall, inner view. C. Scutum, inner view; D. Tergum, inner view. E. Scutum, outer view. F. Tergum, outer view. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273560/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C, D, E, F) are different. The scutum of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224842860A52FBD2FDCF" box="[978,1093,604,629]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224842860A52FBD2FDCF" box="[978,1093,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. stellula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is elongated, rather big and lacks a tergal tooth (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDE2248430F0A8AFD35FD24" box="[603,674,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[339,1251,317,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[330,1261,310,1671]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pyrgospongia stellula, SEM micrographs of paratypes, USNM 141633. A. Shell with chitinous external cuticle of rostral part removed to expose radial calcareous rods within (partly deformed due to drying during preparation for SEM examination). B. Shell of another specimen, inner view. C. Tergum, outer view. D. Scutum, outer view. E. Tergum, inner view. F. Scutum, inner view. G. Piece of shell­region outer cuticle showing concentric rows of barbed bristles and starshaped spines. Scale bars: A – F = 1 mm; G = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273566/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D); 
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224843850A8AFC8DFD27" box="[721,794,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">in situ</emphasis>
it projects beyond the rostral margins of the shell (
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDE2248401B0AA2FE06FD7C" box="[335,401,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1025,1049]" captionTargetBox="[421,1162,411,1000]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[419,1168,406,1003]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Symphyllia radians, the host coral of Pyrgopsella youngi; ~ 15 barnacles were removed from this colony; note the absence of pits, owing to the barnacle’s near absence of a calcified basis. B. Pyrgopsella youngi, paratype RMNH C 2604 from Symphyllia radians. C. Pyrgospongia stellula, shell of paratype USNM 141633, Bauang Dakula Reef, Tawitawi, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, collected and identified by N. C. Rosell. D. Pyrgospongia stellula, Tanabe Bay, Japan, coll. T. Itô, det. M. J. Grygier, arrow indicates basi­occuldent angle of scutum. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; D = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273559/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B52FFDE224843490AA2FD39FD7C" author="Rosell" box="[541,686,684,710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="42" refString="Rosell, N. C. (1975) On two noteworthy balanids (Cirripedia Thoracica) from the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines. Crustaceana, 29, 206 - 214." type="journal article" year="1975">Rosell 1975</bibRefCitation>
: 
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDE224843ED0AA2FC97FD7C" box="[697,768,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[410,1178,694,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[405,1182,686,1680]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyrgopsella youngi, shell wall and opercular valves of holotype (RMNH C. 2602). A. Shell wall, outer view. B. Shell wall, inner view. C. Scutum, inner view; D. Tergum, inner view. E. Scutum, outer view. F. Tergum, outer view. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273560/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
c). The tergum is missing the internal tooth that is found in the other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE2248432B0ADAFC9BFD57" box="[639,780,724,749]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE2248432B0ADAFC9BFD57" box="[639,780,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Pyrgopsella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDE224842480ADAFCF0FD54" box="[796,871,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[410,1178,694,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[405,1182,686,1680]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyrgopsella youngi, shell wall and opercular valves of holotype (RMNH C. 2602). A. Shell wall, outer view. B. Shell wall, inner view. C. Scutum, inner view; D. Tergum, inner view. E. Scutum, outer view. F. Tergum, outer view. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273560/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Figs 2</figureCitation>
D, 7C). Cirrus III of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224845340ADAFB43FD57" box="[1120,1236,724,749]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224845340ADAFB43FD57" box="[1120,1236,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. stellula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
carries small conical spines that are not found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224842560AF2FCE6FCAF" box="[770,881,764,789]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224842560AF2FCE6FCAF" box="[770,881,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and cirrus IV of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224845110AF2FB2DFCAF" box="[1093,1210,764,789]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224845110AF2FB2DFCAF" box="[1093,1210,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. stellula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is armed with diagonally arranged conical spines (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B52FFDE224843B30B2AFC4DFC84" author="Rosell" box="[743,986,804,830]" pageId="10" pageNumber="42" refString="Rosell, N. C. (1975) On two noteworthy balanids (Cirripedia Thoracica) from the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines. Crustaceana, 29, 206 - 214." type="journal article" year="1975" yearSuffix="n">
Rosell 1975: 
<figureCitation id="131A2A26FFDE224842D10B2AFC5DFC84" box="[901,970,804,830]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[410,1178,694,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[405,1182,686,1680]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyrgopsella youngi, shell wall and opercular valves of holotype (RMNH C. 2602). A. Shell wall, outer view. B. Shell wall, inner view. C. Scutum, inner view; D. Tergum, inner view. E. Scutum, outer view. F. Tergum, outer view. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273560/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
n
</bibRefCitation>
) that are absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224845E30B2AFAB3FC87" box="[1207,1316,804,829]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224845E30B2AFAB3FC87" box="[1207,1316,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the basis of these differences we suggest that 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224842010B42FC54FCDF" box="[853,963,844,869]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224842010B42FC54FCDF" box="[853,963,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657CAFFDE2248429F0B42FBB0FCDC" box="[971,1063,844,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224845370B42FA92FCDF" box="[1123,1285,844,869]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224845370B42FA92FCDF" box="[1123,1285,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not share the same evolutionary line as 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224843880B7AFCD8FC37" box="[732,847,884,909]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgopsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224843880B7AFCD8FC37" box="[732,847,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">P. stellula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and that the latter should be assigned to a different genus. Therefore, we propose a new genus, 
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224842D80B92FBA1FC0F" box="[908,1078,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224842D80B92FBA5FC0F" box="[908,1074,924,949]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Pyrgospongia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
to accommodate the sponge­inhabiting pyrgomatid 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D20FFDE224843250BCAFB8AFC64" authority="Rosell 1973" authorityName="Rosell" authorityYear="1973" box="[625,1053,964,990]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pyrgomatidae" genus="Pyrgospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellula">
<emphasis id="B955EAB1FFDE224843250BCAFCE6FC67" box="[625,881,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Pyrgospongia stellula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B52FFDE224842D50BCAFB83FC64" author="Rosell" box="[897,1044,964,990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="42" refString="Rosell, N. C. (1973) On two less well-known balanids (Cirripedia Thoracica) from the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines. University of the Philippines Natural Science Research Center Technical Report, 4, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1973">Rosell 1973</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>