372 lines
54 KiB
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372 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.100804" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-2-221" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7EB2FB6659E4538C811B62C9D8009E3D" ID-ZooBank="2824CBF6C72A4397B944262D324AF5D6" ModsDocID="1860-1324-70-2-221" checkinTime="1689044411682" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hemp, Claudia, Montealegre-Z, Fernando, Woodrow, Charlie & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard" docDate="2023" docId="198AB17F85265262ACC067FD2D4FB16E" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 70(2): 221-259" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70 (2)" docPubDate="2023-07-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.100804" docTitle="Dioncomena sanje Hemp 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="491B0F5E-501E-4F8B-89AE-184A3CA2CB3E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="7EB2FB6659E4538C811B62C9D8009E3D" lastPageNumber="221" masterDocId="7EB2FB6659E4538C811B62C9D8009E3D" masterDocTitle="Bush-crickets with very special ears and songs - review of the East African Phaneropterinae genus Dioncomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878, with notes on its biogeography and the description of new species" masterLastPageNumber="259" masterPageNumber="221" pageNumber="221" updateTime="1689044411682" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="D09F6B09B6620EE0827F5D04AA24C0ED">Bush-crickets with very special ears and songs - review of the East African Phaneropterinae genus Dioncomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878, with notes on its biogeography and the description of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FF81F3660697D38ABE62CA44924BCB06">Hemp, Claudia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="00DF20A5E74D76124FC816FF4EE7805B" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9170-7113</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="3896AC16311E627BA7DEC3F536B5E915">University of Bayreuth, Department Plant Systematics & Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Frankfurt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E386A153F7A58BA45EF2062EB92A7997" type="email">claudiahemp@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8F6AD397A38EF0E20474FF0AD9FF44A8">Montealegre-Z, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E8634CA34A2F80620F92A0A57F257F92" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-2186</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="201AB3861432E483C83D4226F989D3CD">University of Lincoln, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Lincoln, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9008A7CA8FA37D4E441013D2C676872C">Woodrow, Charlie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="519CA95AF787DF7464A2E486033268E7">University of Lincoln, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Lincoln, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FB64D62CEEC6B6AB63275FC6FDD7780A">Heller, Klaus-Gerhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="57425FA06BF1E2C1CA094225157545EA">Triesdorf Bahnhof 8, 91732 Merkendorf, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="99237D6CB125D1132793E6A5B5479068">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8ADDF7EE0DC755BCC490E3BA67812A86">2023-07-10</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="81EBBB41D130887EE75F8A1E50BDF343" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.100804</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="198AB17F85265262ACC067FD2D4FB16E" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:491B0F5E-501E-4F8B-89AE-184A3CA2CB3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/198AB17F85265262ACC067FD2D4FB16E" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
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<subSubSection id="6B7B76D35C01FED0E62F76449254A4B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9BCD5DA01CD25F0314C0E50930898BB0" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
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<taxonomicName id="0152A1CA0F8D3793398E70F7C4230CF5" LSID="https://zoobank.org/491B0F5E-501E-4F8B-89AE-184A3CA2CB3E" authority="Hemp" authorityName="Hemp" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dioncomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioncomena sanje" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanje" status="sp. nov.">Dioncomena sanje Hemp</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="08520537668A0D5A615130491CFCAC4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6AD3E2916D1FDCD4FB80085C79089031" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0AD876C6DB7D5F3BCE4671EE0CEC70D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
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<figureCitation id="491FF613C5CFF055FF7BC402DE04D0FF" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dioncomena species of the D. jagoi - group: A-C. Male (A, B) and female (C) of D. jagoi, East Usambara Mountains; D, E. Male (D, E) and female (F) of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G-I. Male (G, H) and female (I) of D. magombera sp. nov.; J-L. Male (J, K) and female (L) of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871453" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Figs 1J-L</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E03E3B302BEBFFC62869D7512B5F963C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Stridulatory files of Dioncomena species, tegmen articulation to the right. A-E. D. jagoi - group: A. D. jagoi; B. D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; C. D. magombera sp. nov.; D. D. sanje sp. nov.; E. D. grandis (from Naskrecki and Guta 2019); F. D. ornata (Nguru Mts.); G. D. zernyi; H. D. tanneri; I. D. versicolor sp. nov.; J. D. ngurumontana sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871454" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 2D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="77D919F0254E87E1471A4CB7324EDF54" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male apices of the Dioncomena jagoi - group. A, B. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view of D. jagoi; C, D. Dorsal (C) and ventral (D) view of D. sanje sp. nov.; E, F. Dorsal (E) and ventral (F) view of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G, H. Dorsal (G) and ventral (H) view of D. magombera sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871455" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 3C, D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="93C64359BD6553C1543F4CB3C5BC3E94" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female Dioncomena species. A, B. Ovipositor and subgenital plate of D. jagoi; C, D. Ovipositor and subgenital plate of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; E, F. Ovipositor and subgenital plate of D. magombera sp. nov.; G, H. Ovipositor and subgenital plate of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871456" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 4G, H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="3D045CFBAC06430E340953E81113C2B3" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Eggs deposited into the stems of leaves and small branches. A. D. sanje sp. nov.; B. D. flavoviridis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871458" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 6A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8640D0E8B4AC2C0D20923779087649FA" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dioncomena females with spermatophores immediately after mating. A. D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; B. D. sanje sp. nov.; C. D. ornata." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871460" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 8B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0461B6A258CD8A4348A26AD4B74E1F32" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Nymphal stages of Dioncomena sanje sp. nov. A, B. Freshly hatched nymph; C. Nymph about 2 weeks old; D, F. L 4 stage with wings visible, two different colour forms; E. L 5 stage, female, shortly before molting to adult." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871461" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="CFD110C0CE486374909275632C52CDDE" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Oscillograms of male calling songs of Dioncomena species. Overview (150 - s-sections)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871471" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 19</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="C76F8A66893A6E278B7529B4C46B9079" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Oscillograms of male calling songs of Dioncomena species. Central portion of main part of song; 20 - s-sections." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871473" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 21</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="3A5776C98EB50DF7B2C8FB1DA00898AC" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Oscillograms of male tick songs of Dioncomena species. A-C. D. flavoviridis; A, B. ticks; C. alternating males; D. D. jagoi; E. D. grandis (from Naskrecki and Guta 2019); F, G. D. magombera sp. nov.; H, I. D. sanje sp. nov.; J-L. D. ornata; M. D. zernyi; N. D. tanneri; O. D. versicolor sp. nov.; P. D. ngurumontana sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871475" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 22H, I</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="D2021455341C2B639B40C1F420DEB6C1" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Oscillograms of male-female-duets in Dioncomena species. Overview (150 - s-sections)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871477" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 23</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="925DFC32E51F45DA659059CB681F92BC" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Oscillograms of male-female-duets in Dioncomena species. Detail (20 - s-sections)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871478" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 24</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="09D6364308AA6038F229C85DEF96BEE8" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Oscillograms of male-female-duets in Diocomena species. Detail (3 - s-sections)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871480" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 25</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="578FA0DB233490FF6F58070E824168C5" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Oscillograms of stridulatory movement and song [synchronous registration of left tegmen movement (red; upward deflection represents opening, downward closing) and sound (black)] in D. sanje sp. nov. A. Gappy sound combination; B. Dense sound combination with HF-syllable (*)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871482" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 27</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="82233AB2E34610E6B1431C300B5A5292" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Power spectra of the male calling songs of the Dioncomena species studied. Asteriks in the respective color mark the positions of the analysed sounds, for D. flavoviridis sp. nov. in Fig. 23, for D. jagoi in Fig. 20, for D. magombera sp. nov. in Fig. 25, for D. sanje sp. nov. see Figs 26, 29 (dense combination: blue and violett, high frequency syllable: green, gappy combination: red), for D. ornata in Fig. 27, for D. zernyi in Fig. 25 E (song), Fig. 21 M (ticks), for D. tanneri in Fig. 25, for D. versicolor sp. nov. in Fig. 25, for D. ngurumontana sp. nov. in Fig. 23." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871485" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 30</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B5B564F7DB229B9F63A4EC77ECE00CF5" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Sonogram of second half of the dense sound combination of Dioncomena sanje sp. nov. with HF-syllable." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871486" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 31</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="643B626B48EDD7E98D4D1038D1091D6A" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Forewing vibrational response in Dioncomena sanje sp. nov. A. Displacement of forewings in response to acoustic stimulus. The left wing is completely damped and probably not involved in sound radiation B. Deflection through phases of one oscillation C. Top panel: velocity gain of the mirror of the right wing as recorded through laser Doppler vibrometry. Middle panel: relative intensity of a section of the ' normal' call. Bottom panel: relative intensity of the HF-syllable. Note the mismatch of natural frequency of the mirror and the peak frequencies of the either of the call types." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871487" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 32</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="EF302FE774B9454A0DCF03773449DB8F" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Outer parts of the auditory tracheae in D. sanje sp. nov. A-C. Female auditory tracheae in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and anterior (C) axes; D-F. Male auditory tracheae in lateral (D), dorsal (E), and anterior (F) axes; G. Male head and thorax (sagital-section) showing membrane which connects the two bullae; H. Male thorax (cross-section) at the point of the membrane in G." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871488" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 33</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="762A51D0DA4DDF09B5C23AD037BA5468" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Auditory tracheae in pronotum of male Dioncomena sanje sp. nov. from behind, abdomen removed." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871489" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 34</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="A1FB593D8AA93D475A9D02BEA61C7027" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Dorsal view of pronotum in Dioncomena and related genera, indicating different degrees of widening. A. D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; B. D. sanje sp. nov.; C. D. ornata, Amani; D. D. ornata, Jozani, Zanzibar; E. Kefalia laeta Hemp, 2017; F. Meruterrana elegans Sjoestedt, 1912; G. Atlasacris brevipennis Massa, 2015 (photo OSF); 1 male, 2 female." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871490" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 35B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="C858B2E2EF757E44CF1C91DB77C5EC37" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Distribution of Dioncomena species in East Africa. Locality data this paper, Ragge 1980; Hemp 2017; Massa 2021; Naskrecki and Guta 2019. Source: Google maps." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871491" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 36</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9031C90260F3AB41F986620B8C21786B" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="5331A0F8CD319D80596FB7B4C1AF6BAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D516E421056EA14A2EC539760F891183" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
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<emphasis id="8DD2B32B250C361A1C349E0BC5F7874D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Holotype</emphasis>
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male. Tanzania, Mangula,
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<geoCoordinate id="4E3975B2C4D109AB70BD5406A47A56E0" degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-7.843889">7°50'38"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EAECE631412A516360E0E618B3A6CFFF" degrees="36" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="36.88556">36°53'08"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 340 m, lowland wet forest, December 2015.
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<emphasis id="4BA928BC13D2572E9EEC769B266D3A80" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: 2♂♂, 11♀♀, same data as holotype and March 2015, July 2015, September 2015, January 2016, March 2016, November 2017. Further paratypes: All Tanzania, all Udzungwa Mountains. 7♂♂, 20♀♀, Sanje Trail, lowland wet to submontane forest, August 2019, April 2020, July 2020, October 2020, January and April 2021, May and September 2022. 3♂♂, 1♀, Magombera Forest Reserve,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="890B4F68B72B6FE9C9E37B5A6BBE84C3" degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-7.82">7°49'12"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4C567B5CFEEACED7305FB87B1991D260" degrees="36" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="36.978333">36°58'42"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 300 m, lowland forest, January 2019. Depository: CCH.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C51545B25750B93E1102240F6A2925D" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B00CA277D19179E7B8087F4B3FDE09D" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="193E9155BB6DD553FD9AE4826029C208" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="96A05E2EA6BC9F242AC1B80CD51C2807" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
General Habitus and Color Pattern. The typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C04208E98B5E987CE9B5EC470C2C215" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dioncomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioncomena" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B45C4E5028C6AD8663D2415FA3E8A73B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Dioncomena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species can be identified by its contrasting pattern of yellow, white, greenish, and black colors on its general habitus and size (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="40F1B80ABAE783887913FE7B796CB155" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dioncomena species of the D. jagoi - group: A-C. Male (A, B) and female (C) of D. jagoi, East Usambara Mountains; D, E. Male (D, E) and female (F) of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G-I. Male (G, H) and female (I) of D. magombera sp. nov.; J-L. Male (J, K) and female (L) of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871453" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">1J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head and Antennae. The fastigium of the vertex in the head is compressed and narrower than scapus, sulcate above, and is typical for the genus. Thorax & legs. The pronotum has a posterior part of lateral lobes that are not or only slightly inflated. A black stripe on the pronotum is narrow and widens in metazona, parting between a yellowish triangular field (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2BB2645AF2DBA12C94034F82AE95F060" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dioncomena species of the D. jagoi - group: A-C. Male (A, B) and female (C) of D. jagoi, East Usambara Mountains; D, E. Male (D, E) and female (F) of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G-I. Male (G, H) and female (I) of D. magombera sp. nov.; J-L. Male (J, K) and female (L) of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871453" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">1J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fore coxa is black with a broad-based short yellow spine. The fore and mid femora have a double row of few small ventral spinules at the apical part, while the hind femur has a double row of few irregularly positioned spines at the apical part. The fore tibia has a ventral double row of irregularly set small spinules and a pair of short ventral spurs. On the dorsal inner side, a short and slender spine is present just below the tympanum, and 1-3 short black spines are along the length. The mid tibiae have a ventral double row of black spinules and three longer black, slender, and clearly hooked spines at the inner ventral apex. Tegmina & wings. Typical shape and coloration for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8850A7F67DE21847F714D105BACF530" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dioncomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioncomena" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C730BB31A87FDC327517687380F9679D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Dioncomena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They are black with a yellowish or green field at the base (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="84590EA31AB34746D1A86DBCEF0CFFAE" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dioncomena species of the D. jagoi - group: A-C. Male (A, B) and female (C) of D. jagoi, East Usambara Mountains; D, E. Male (D, E) and female (F) of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G-I. Male (G, H) and female (I) of D. magombera sp. nov.; J-L. Male (J, K) and female (L) of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871453" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">1J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stridulatory file is present on the underside of the left tegmen and is between 1.4-1.6 mm long with around 50 teeth. The teeth are broad and densely set on the inner side, getting continuously narrower towards the apical part of the file, and ending with 8-10 shorter and more widely spaced teeth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A17EAF737BFED65CA89F8432C9F98B1A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Stridulatory files of Dioncomena species, tegmen articulation to the right. A-E. D. jagoi - group: A. D. jagoi; B. D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; C. D. magombera sp. nov.; D. D. sanje sp. nov.; E. D. grandis (from Naskrecki and Guta 2019); F. D. ornata (Nguru Mts.); G. D. zernyi; H. D. tanneri; I. D. versicolor sp. nov.; J. D. ngurumontana sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871454" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdomen. The tenth abdominal tergite is slightly incurved at the posterior margin with a membranous structure medially (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3A74E46A7BBF28EDA05B6FBC556EF41E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male apices of the Dioncomena jagoi - group. A, B. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view of D. jagoi; C, D. Dorsal (C) and ventral (D) view of D. sanje sp. nov.; E, F. Dorsal (E) and ventral (F) view of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G, H. Dorsal (G) and ventral (H) view of D. magombera sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871455" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cerci have an apical third that is laterally flattened. The subgenital plate is longer than wide and v-shaped incurved medially (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EED8E0FEDAFCDCA9F179D6562C1C681" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male apices of the Dioncomena jagoi - group. A, B. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view of D. jagoi; C, D. Dorsal (C) and ventral (D) view of D. sanje sp. nov.; E, F. Dorsal (E) and ventral (F) view of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G, H. Dorsal (G) and ventral (H) view of D. magombera sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871455" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF340E4A2455DA2274511F328A34F08D" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA5C34E5DCAAFA51FAC315ACA08F6360" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus, size and color pattern are similar to the male (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="30EA7E68C465C139926A4680B7E90B47" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dioncomena species of the D. jagoi - group: A-C. Male (A, B) and female (C) of D. jagoi, East Usambara Mountains; D, E. Male (D, E) and female (F) of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G-I. Male (G, H) and female (I) of D. magombera sp. nov.; J-L. Male (J, K) and female (L) of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871453" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">1L</figureCitation>
|
||
) but lack hooked spines on the mid tibiae. Ovipositor is short and strongly upcurved (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0B2F299A6A885C8822EB1F20B13C1234" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female Dioncomena species. A, B. Ovipositor and subgenital plate of D. jagoi; C, D. Ovipositor and subgenital plate of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; E, F. Ovipositor and subgenital plate of D. magombera sp. nov.; G, H. Ovipositor and subgenital plate of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871456" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subgenital plate has a broadly-based triangular posterior margin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D6B9272717CF857DCEE6958BB6A2E366" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female Dioncomena species. A, B. Ovipositor and subgenital plate of D. jagoi; C, D. Ovipositor and subgenital plate of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; E, F. Ovipositor and subgenital plate of D. magombera sp. nov.; G, H. Ovipositor and subgenital plate of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871456" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">4H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A9C0E4B43271F064107B4AD506554E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="8679106D1455735A03F124F72944B072" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Nymphs.</emphasis>
|
||
Freshly hatched nymphs are greenish-yellow with speckles and brown markings along the hind femora (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2C745D10AD546C56A649AD26008212DB" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Nymphal stages of Dioncomena sanje sp. nov. A, B. Freshly hatched nymph; C. Nymph about 2 weeks old; D, F. L 4 stage with wings visible, two different colour forms; E. L 5 stage, female, shortly before molting to adult." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871461" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nymphs grow in size until stage three without changing their habitus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CA9F8699C13A735484787A53BAB4BE1B" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Nymphal stages of Dioncomena sanje sp. nov. A, B. Freshly hatched nymph; C. Nymph about 2 weeks old; D, F. L 4 stage with wings visible, two different colour forms; E. L 5 stage, female, shortly before molting to adult." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871461" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">9C</figureCitation>
|
||
, about two weeks old, probably stage 2). From stage 3, wings become visible and grow larger with each stage. Depending on the environment, nymphs may become more greenish or gain more brown colors (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="446A3FAB5592DE35F1F7F9CBFC62878A" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Nymphal stages of Dioncomena sanje sp. nov. A, B. Freshly hatched nymph; C. Nymph about 2 weeks old; D, F. L 4 stage with wings visible, two different colour forms; E. L 5 stage, female, shortly before molting to adult." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871461" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">9D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). From stage 5 onwards, wings are clearly visible and are slightly inflated a day or so before molting to an adult (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="112B3834697CF0D32437323C3BE280FC" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Nymphal stages of Dioncomena sanje sp. nov. A, B. Freshly hatched nymph; C. Nymph about 2 weeks old; D, F. L 4 stage with wings visible, two different colour forms; E. L 5 stage, female, shortly before molting to adult." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871461" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">9E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6C94574E19BB4DC6AE17B56DA3BBB180" doi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871461" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph id="50DFF86DA40F832AB178D544C20E58B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="24389154AEB7B7727338E811580BE13B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Nymphal stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5B2C657186C4E3F8540A770AE09FD5D" authorityName="Hemp" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dioncomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioncomena sanje" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanje">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFBC13909AB8C015E1C89DCF320519D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Dioncomena sanje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="A7C447B0EE541DD2B9CA91863A72746A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">A, B.</emphasis>
|
||
Freshly hatched nymph;
|
||
<emphasis id="E9C372AFD49394B9C27F3AF43230E5F7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Nymph about 2 weeks old;
|
||
<emphasis id="2E4E9B7E32E02FA8A999972D9655A056" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D, F.</emphasis>
|
||
L4 stage with wings visible, two different colour forms;
|
||
<emphasis id="17C1396A1284995B9431A59006E2FB7A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">E.</emphasis>
|
||
L5 stage, female, shortly before molting to adult.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="04EF756C198E935F984B606EA61248C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Measurements, (mm) males (n = 3). Body length 12.8-14.8. Length of pronotum 3.2-3.8. Length of tegmina 23.0-25.6. Length of hind femur 17.11-17.3.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C0F17E1950EA7F3842BA109AF9B3AA77" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Measurements, (mm) females (n = 6). Body length 14.0-16.5. Length of pronotum 3.1-3.3. Length of tegmina 25.0-27.5. Length of hind femur 18.0-20.2. Ovipositor 4.2-4.6.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CB77FEFEB61F0296BDED14EE2B61EB7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE53C74319A4806F9756DC24F6A994FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="792C9A8F2914C20A499572BD9691F45B" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
|
||
The eggs are oval and black and are deposited in the midribs or stems of leaves (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A892BE866ACEB472A1ADD1D20E1AA1D5" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Eggs deposited into the stems of leaves and small branches. A. D. sanje sp. nov.; B. D. flavoviridis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871458" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eggs laid by a female in October 2020 hatched at the end of February 2021, 4 months later, and developed into adults at the beginning of June 2021. A female collected in April 2021 laid numerous eggs in stems on April 24, which hatched on July 7, 2021. Most individuals were captured in the Udzungwa Mountains during the warm months, from December to March, but single adults were also obtained from July to September, indicating that the species is present year-round. Like the other species studied (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4978854CEDF2179164CAA8EC3113BFEC" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. flavoviridis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="flavoviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1D816595EAE8FD1CDD70F0539975CBD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. flavoviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA42C5DE99A6493193C0CB35C47F98A7" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2E54CEA1C90D9CD40AA4DC26B6ED5CD1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), males transfer only very small spermatophores to females during mating (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="80EE39F391D81358238D78D5D813E94A" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dioncomena females with spermatophores immediately after mating. A. D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; B. D. sanje sp. nov.; C. D. ornata." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871460" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">8B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="16B582D5C434713343F0C7BC75392300" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="song">
|
||
<paragraph id="91B61992DECDD3C69459938AA0FADA55" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Song.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0EE2101AF43C9FCA127B759D6D755CF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">See Bioacoustics.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F07D5E41DDC1B627228438CDD6977CFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="E1BE7B9D7895131102AC9D5965D707FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="31B36E49953A78BD469D05759D5B23CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
|
||
The species inhabits lowland wet to submontane forests. Individuals were mostly collected as single specimens in the understory vegetation of closed forests. Its distribution is restricted to
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C96B9E5048DEFCEE8CBFEE845A27FC8E" originalValue="Tanzania’s">Tanzania's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Udzungwa Mountains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEA294DB024BDE17B50C2B686A4835DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="DF5A311C0A9B4AFE1A09756D7005BD8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3422203F3489A4F1A0EC16AA98A1B889" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">The species is named after the Sanje Trail in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park and is a noun in apposition.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0D3A3CAF0EEFB04410DBF002F8BCBC8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="21239CB45E0F3331D7490E93BF91EFBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A117407F0952B95E23FAB91E9E096DD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
|
||
The four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57ED834F6FFCF1E40480EC7B84B6ED84" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dioncomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioncomena" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5673C965C0D3EFC07A6738BBC9EF7539" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Dioncomena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBFEBD665281844DAD9D4EB3238CBAFF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. jagoi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="jagoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1308898E0F79E6D3167E7C407922557" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. jagoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the East Usambara Mountains,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EC38255752BC560C4F3127A491894E2" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. flavoviridis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="flavoviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB8F693DABCD5CE2B63E421AAF54CE8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. flavoviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from the Nguru Mountains,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C5EFD043E3806DA50BB72673D6C52C0" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. sanje" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="sanje">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1111863D6F5777AE4D63240410CDFF1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. sanje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from the Udzungwa Mountains, and the widespread
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7402DD11491C41C6F24D73E7A0F624FF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. magombera" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="magombera">
|
||
<emphasis id="799D798D4B21CA995D4D16E6D959730A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. magombera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.) are morphologically similar, sharing a similar color pattern (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="266C2CF268E3AD60D4D1B3F12F2BFF66" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dioncomena species of the D. jagoi - group: A-C. Male (A, B) and female (C) of D. jagoi, East Usambara Mountains; D, E. Male (D, E) and female (F) of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G-I. Male (G, H) and female (I) of D. magombera sp. nov.; J-L. Male (J, K) and female (L) of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871453" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, there are several distinguishing features. The pronotal lobes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84F6DB02C43DC1635AF2420AB1273D85" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. magombera" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="magombera">
|
||
<emphasis id="8568D5F1FC9BDD7D5816B329C9241D4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. magombera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D4A5020A6B70DA4C0C0594ADECAF10" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. flavoviridis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="flavoviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0BC24F8990E0DB6AAA9FFC730BE145E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. flavoviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99DD2A67AAEFC90D69D0D481B9949D8E" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. jagoi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="jagoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F798E4658FA245ABEAD59671C14CF495" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. jagoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are uniformly bright yellow or yellow-green, while both sexes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C936D59A881C12DB6E737210B10E1FF5" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. sanje" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="sanje">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EEEAB6BA29C4027C0B477947578E9D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. sanje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. have a large central diffuse formed black patch on the pronotal lobes. The 10th abdominal tergite of males is very similar in the four species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5373949B35571609033215C358CD35E" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. jagoi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="jagoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="11FFFB394E961CAB3BBB5B09D46DF620" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. jagoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group, being incurved and with a more or less conspicuous membrane between the edges (although it is very shallow in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E9B41B7E590FD5302AC6143EB251204" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. magombera" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="magombera">
|
||
<emphasis id="C64BF908FCCB118003D1C0B9C63D6B73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. magombera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.). The male cerci are mostly green with black incurved tips, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88B3D30160DA95608927E557B07B2F38" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. sanje" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="sanje">
|
||
<emphasis id="8081F5227E4D32D57B5F9E4D4141CA61" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. sanje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., the last third or so of the male cerci is laterally flattened, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB97546DBAD7E37D99ED4BC14F56385F" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. magombera" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="magombera">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A783EEE5051CED9525F29D4507A85DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. magombera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., the black tips of the male cerci are hooked inwardly. The pronotal lobes are laterally considerably inflated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D75CA8AF1043174B9299102E264BBAEA" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. flavoviridis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="flavoviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EA17C5F7296BDED30A72416FF2F62BF2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. flavoviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="283E13382176D56B7D6A3BB94B5D0F53" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. jagoi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="jagoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="695107FA4FD10D3EEBF1EFF9542E7376" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. jagoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but less so in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABDA8A7BD7E7DBD9E79551D4A79DA912" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. sanje" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="sanje">
|
||
<emphasis id="BF0ECBED38A2D0E0EBFE8EB2DD6BAECE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. sanje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D75CF73BB4AADB484897FA348BD1EB9B" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. magombera" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="magombera">
|
||
<emphasis id="29242A0AF01E1CE8039703ECA02923A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. magombera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEB2E0D3A7F5057A7A88E7BA3E0F0458" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. flavoviridis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="flavoviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="474660D9CAF3260677A59EAE9973C79A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. flavoviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., the hind femur has a ventral black stripe reaching to about the middle or covering more than half of the outer side of the femoral area (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="46F5F73AE077BC8592140F664E4DE213" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dioncomena species of the D. jagoi - group: A-C. Male (A, B) and female (C) of D. jagoi, East Usambara Mountains; D, E. Male (D, E) and female (F) of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G-I. Male (G, H) and female (I) of D. magombera sp. nov.; J-L. Male (J, K) and female (L) of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871453" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The outer side of the hind femur is black in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49648E3E84BEA8C5E0400BCD9BEE336B" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. jagoi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="jagoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CBD0681D1A4D09BC36B7C5A006549A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. jagoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distally, then turns yellow or green and gets black again basally at the joint with the coxa (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BC8465AFAAB46F99EF80AA0A10779EB4" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dioncomena species of the D. jagoi - group: A-C. Male (A, B) and female (C) of D. jagoi, East Usambara Mountains; D, E. Male (D, E) and female (F) of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G-I. Male (G, H) and female (I) of D. magombera sp. nov.; J-L. Male (J, K) and female (L) of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871453" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), similar to the femoral pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA473AB90D689C164D27CD7111DA1E42" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. magombera" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="magombera">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA0B5B33673D7B39387ECF9C4F134E02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. magombera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. The yellow or green area on the outer side of the hind femur is often more diffuse and smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6FF12B98F2E2752E2D646E75DFDF3D0" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. sanje" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="sanje">
|
||
<emphasis id="8B998D1A91F7FFD79B710B8C59F99240" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. sanje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7167D2C6595023452860E4CD9CEE2852" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dioncomena species of the D. jagoi - group: A-C. Male (A, B) and female (C) of D. jagoi, East Usambara Mountains; D, E. Male (D, E) and female (F) of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G-I. Male (G, H) and female (I) of D. magombera sp. nov.; J-L. Male (J, K) and female (L) of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871453" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">1J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77A53024A3F4C1FE80C83012D97C3148" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. ugandana" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="ugandana">
|
||
<emphasis id="39881A1896333227434A263E869E847E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. ugandana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. could belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF35A43F36638F0F17B3B9FA2A9CE5E1" authorityName="Ragge" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dioncomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioncomena jagoi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jagoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0148D611B1491C22A853384E8CFE8B3A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Dioncomena jagoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group because of its general color pattern and the outer genitalic morphology of the male apex. The pronotum is largely deep black with a yellow stripe at the anterior margins of the lateral pronotal lobes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="838BF33A7E90670F22D108ECBDB377A3" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male holotype of Dioncomena ugandana sp. nov. A. Habitus; B. Head and pronotum; C. Dorsal view on apex; D. Subgenital plate." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871462" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A5BC81BA9DD3EFEA422B8153B981D96" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. flavoviridis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="flavoviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D64EE89333FF9AAA9363E4B67FE88802" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. flavoviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., the black median fascia on the pronotum is solid and broad, a bit narrower along the pro- and mesozona of the pronotum, then extending to cover the whole disc of the metazona (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D957B7E5A03B52EB2B8C0FF64CD6F6B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dioncomena species of the D. jagoi - group: A-C. Male (A, B) and female (C) of D. jagoi, East Usambara Mountains; D, E. Male (D, E) and female (F) of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G-I. Male (G, H) and female (I) of D. magombera sp. nov.; J-L. Male (J, K) and female (L) of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871453" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">1D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The central black fascia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED447EB7D1D32795B50A6333B32594D9" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. jagoi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="jagoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9701481CD653B5DEF2AF9465238169B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. jagoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much narrower (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED2036A781E50211FDE83E3BB0674DEB" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dioncomena species of the D. jagoi - group: A-C. Male (A, B) and female (C) of D. jagoi, East Usambara Mountains; D, E. Male (D, E) and female (F) of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G-I. Male (G, H) and female (I) of D. magombera sp. nov.; J-L. Male (J, K) and female (L) of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871453" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3279FA84BC8E4C8690D5ECDD4417D94B" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. sanje" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="sanje">
|
||
<emphasis id="13F8E83B01CF0CB4169C918956F53C58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. sanje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., the black fascia is also broad and solid but fuses with the black patches of the pronotal lobes on both sides (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D34D95997B8F9749FEC191615FC69B4B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dioncomena species of the D. jagoi - group: A-C. Male (A, B) and female (C) of D. jagoi, East Usambara Mountains; D, E. Male (D, E) and female (F) of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G-I. Male (G, H) and female (I) of D. magombera sp. nov.; J-L. Male (J, K) and female (L) of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871453" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">1J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE2BF0A2E24D47D7601DA5F6AE02D540" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. sanje" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="sanje">
|
||
<emphasis id="C11B00E4804191492DBC8932AAD77CD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. sanje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. as well as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88369260DBB6A2A676FF10B81EC560E3" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. magombera" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="magombera">
|
||
<emphasis id="62961F3DFEA4DF07930A1585EF303705" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. magombera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., the black fascia parts at the anterior base of the metazona into two stripes leaving a green or yellow-green triangular patch on the disc of the metazona (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F73A36D043D7FCC1F3319747EC618786" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dioncomena species of the D. jagoi - group: A-C. Male (A, B) and female (C) of D. jagoi, East Usambara Mountains; D, E. Male (D, E) and female (F) of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G-I. Male (G, H) and female (I) of D. magombera sp. nov.; J-L. Male (J, K) and female (L) of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871453" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">1H, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). While in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D9F5C265FA933008C5F6CA273C6353" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. sanje" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="sanje">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC23E8330ACB4D8FDBB17577DC3F9F18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. sanje</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. the black median stripe of the pronotum is solid, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45F1FCF8F8BB13615E82D94DFAC372B5" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. magombera" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="magombera">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1011A011E04D9F9B97F661518BD7DB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. magombera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. a fine central green or yellowish line is present throughout the whole course of the black fascia (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBE80993A7247F54B8AD54279CDB0182" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dioncomena species of the D. jagoi - group: A-C. Male (A, B) and female (C) of D. jagoi, East Usambara Mountains; D, E. Male (D, E) and female (F) of D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; G-I. Male (G, H) and female (I) of D. magombera sp. nov.; J-L. Male (J, K) and female (L) of D. sanje sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871453" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">1H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Characters distinguishing the other species and groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E220E022CDC4888A8B6C19A4C1253D3" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dioncomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioncomena" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="666F4F64522ECB0F528B3A21413A7044" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Dioncomena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are provided in the key. For song description see Bioacoustics section.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |