222 lines
23 KiB
XML
222 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.195.2342" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4882baaf-3747-4865-87e1-49e725955118" ID-PMC="PMC3361087" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-195-1" ID-PubMed="22679386" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-195-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 195" ModsDocTitle="The velvet spiders: an atlas of the Eresidae (Arachnida, Araneae)" checkinTime="1451249010182" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Miller, Jeremy A., Griswold, Charles E., Scharff, Nikolaj, Řezac, Milan, Szűts, Tamas & Marhabaie, Mohammad" docDate="2012" docId="193473B7195B6BD0C40D316F965994E9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 195: 1-144" docOrigin="ZooKeys 195" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.195.2342" docTitle="Eresus Walckenaer" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FFABFFD09B65FF5EFFA6FFE4FFE1FFC2" masterDocTitle="The velvet spiders: an atlas of the Eresidae (Arachnida, Araneae)" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1668153919305" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>The velvet spiders: an atlas of the Eresidae (Arachnida, Araneae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Miller, Jeremy A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Griswold, Charles E.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Scharff, Nikolaj</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Řezac, Milan</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Szűts, Tamas</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Marhabaie, Mohammad</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>195</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>144</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.195.2342</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.195.2342</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-195-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152035685" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:193473B7195B6BD0C40D316F965994E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/193473B7195B6BD0C40D316F965994E9" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Eresus" authority="Walckenaer" class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eresus Walckenaer</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eresus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walckenaer, 1805: 21. Type species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Aranea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aranea cinnaberina" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cinnaberina">Aranea cinnaberina</taxonomicName>
|
||
Olivier, 1789.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="note">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Note.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eresus</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains 23 recognized species group names (including 6 subspecies) from the Mediterranean and temperate latitudes of Europe and Asia. We examined specimens of several species representing the two major morphological groups within the genus. Our first exemplar,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus walckenaeri" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walckenaeri">Eresus walckenaeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is a cohesive species, based on both morphological and molecular data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Johannesen, J" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 9" title="Genetic cohesion of Eresus walckenaeri (Araneae, Eresidae) in the eastern Mediterranean." url="10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00516.x" volume="86" year="2005">Johannesen et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our specimens were from Bulgaria and Greece (Kresna, Bulgaria, MR; Pieria, Greece, MR020, MR; Lakonia, Greece, ZMUC 00012903, ZMUC). The primary types of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus walckenaeri" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walckenaeri">Eresus walckenaeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
are probably lost, but the original description and drawings, and our use in part of nearly topotypic material, allow us to identify this species with confidence. The second major group within the genus is a complex of closely related species including
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus kollari" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">Eresus kollari</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including the junior synonyms
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus cinnaberinus" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinnaberinus">Eresus cinnaberinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus niger" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">Eresus niger</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Martini & Goeze, 1778); we refer to this assemblage collectively as the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. The somatic description was based on specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus kollari" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">Eresus kollari</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Czechia (Srbsko, MR016, MR; Prague, MR007, MR); scanning electron micrographs of the male palp are from a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus kollari" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">Eresus kollari</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Hungary (Remete Mountain, CASENT 9037134, CAS); scanning electron micrographs and some photographs of the female genitalia are from a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from SE of Silkeborg, Denmark (CASENT 9039243, CAS). The spinneret spigot morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species was described and scanned in Griswold et al. (2005: 24-27, figs 31-32, 33
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 34
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Řezac, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="263 - 287" title="Taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of central European Eresus species (Araneae: Eresidae)." url="10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00328.x" volume="37" year="2008">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Řezáč">Řezac</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined copious material from the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group including one of the two syntypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus kollari" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">Eresus kollari</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
We found no characters that clearly and simultaneously separate
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eresus</taxonomicName>
|
||
females from other eresid genera, despite support from molecular data for a monophyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eresus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miller, JA" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="786 - 804" title="Phylogeny of entelegyne spiders: Affinities of the family Penestomidae (NEW RANK), generic phylogeny of Eresidae, and asymmetric rates of change in spinning organ evolution (Araneae, Araneoidea, Entelegynae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2010.02.021" volume="55" year="2010 a">Miller et al. 2010a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Separate diagnoses for females of the two species groups appear in the following section.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Male
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eresus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually recognized by their distinctive dorsal abdominal pattern, which features two pairs of large round dark patches surrounding the first and second sigilla on a field of red setae, sometimes with a pair of smaller dark patches surrounding the third sigilla (Figs 2B, D, 40A, 43A); if with a black abdomen, then recognized by the distinctive notch on the embolic conductor (cf. Fig. 43J; note that black-abdomened form known as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus tristis" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">Eresus tristis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kroneberg, 1875 is currently cataloged as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus kollari" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">Eresus kollari</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this is not accepted by all workers, e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Řezac, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="263 - 287" title="Taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of central European Eresus species (Araneae: Eresidae)." url="10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00328.x" volume="37" year="2008">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Řezáč">Řezac</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 264, who noted that it is an "obviously different species"). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus walckenaeri" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walckenaeri">Eresus walckenaeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
distinguished from other eresids except
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Dresserus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dresserus" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dresserus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Gandanameno" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gandanameno" order="Araneae" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gandanameno</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the copulatory openings, which are broadly separated by hirsute cuticle (Figs 16G, 42B; separated by a glabrous median lobe in other eresids, e.g., Figs 16B, I, 29C, 45A), distinguished
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Dresserus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dresserus" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dresserus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Gandanameno" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gandanameno" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gandanameno</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the more posterior position of the PLE (<0.28 in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Gandanameno" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gandanameno" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gandanameno</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Dresserus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dresserus" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dresserus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,> 0.33 in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus walckenaeri" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walckenaeri">Eresus walckenaeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
); females of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group distinguished from other eresids except
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Paradonea variegata</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the large, bulbous spermathecal head (Figs 16K, L, 45
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
), distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Paradonea variegata</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the smaller size difference between the AME and PME (AME/PME> 0.5 in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, Fig. 9C; <0.4 in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Paradonea variegata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Fig. 10G) and by the overall darker color; thick stalks leading to the spermathecal head in some
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Stegodyphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodyphus" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stegodyphus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species can be mistaken for large, bulbous spermathecal heads (Fig. 18J) although they are in fact compact sinuous ducts (Fig. 82B);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Stegodyphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodyphus" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stegodyphus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the more posterior position of the PLE (> 0.33 in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group; <0.29 in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Stegodyphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodyphus" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stegodyphus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distinguishing species">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distinguishing species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Male of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus walckenaeri" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walckenaeri">Eresus walckenaeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
distinguished from those of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group by the ribbon-like conductor with a blunt, rounded tip (Fig. 41C, D; notched in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, Fig. 44D, E) and the 1.5 helical turns of the embolus (ca. 1 helical turn in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group). Various species within the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group distinguished primarily by coloration and details of the conductor shape and vulva (Fig. 16H, I, K, L; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Řezac, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="263 - 287" title="Taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of central European Eresus species (Araneae: Eresidae)." url="10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00328.x" volume="37" year="2008">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Řezáč">Řezac</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Known from various non-forest warm and dry habitats. Some species build a simple vertical burrow lined with silk. The opening is covered by silken sheet camouflaged from above by debris. Signaling threads radiate out from the edges of this roof. Some species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus walckenaeri" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walckenaeri">Eresus walckenaeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus crassitibialis" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassitibialis">Eresus crassitibialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wunderlich) do not dig burrows; their silken tubes lie just under stones or on (Milan
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Řezáč">Řezac</normalizedToken>
|
||
, personal observation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |