283 lines
33 KiB
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283 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="DE6C5D8EC842EAE2058CBE61C13178F8" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.225.3721" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1301ded3-c86d-4e07-aae6-dd84e348cd25" ID-PMC="PMC3487652" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-225-1" ID-PubMed="23166461" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-225-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 225" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the genus Planinasus Cresson (Diptera, Periscelididae)" checkinTime="1451248711591" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N., Rung, Alessandra & Kotrba, Marion" docDate="2012" docId="549929F8D2B4699981B83D4CF2F2053D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 225: 1-83" docOrigin="ZooKeys 225" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.225.3721" docTitle="Periscelididae Oldenberg" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="5C00FF9EFFDAFF805469564E9829FF97" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Planinasus Cresson (Diptera, Periscelididae)" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1729793436562" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FEA7BC1E29D39F16D42A246A5E4EEFC1">
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<mods:title id="81EFDC926F567AFA5380A9C93A30F742">A revision of the genus Planinasus Cresson (Diptera, Periscelididae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D634358F88C731D7E07369971D3A2755">Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="03F43DCA9A17BA35FEF44241F1804149">Rung, Alessandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="867EFC35DAC050F3D2A8EC5A3541D035">Kotrba, Marion</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="14D5470083F806CC15ED354A06F79C2E">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="924C9D694D99B36978D856D8A82613B9">
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<mods:date id="7C73036566F6988BC16C34C13B4108A2">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="EC8039DCBC5D69F5FE12AD05F39AB687" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2998DE37B3AC00CCF666E208FDE93FDB">225</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="12452130DBF2854C3D1C30C5921DD7AD">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.225.3721</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="66CE9DD9F31A34E8344ED2DDB2913BB1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3579F15C187A4C54759B681C28B739CF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.225.3721</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="549929F8D2B4699981B83D4CF2F2053D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037223" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:549929F8D2B4699981B83D4CF2F2053D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/549929F8D2B4699981B83D4CF2F2053D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="6AB74635A0BEDDA19A4B57106DD31C92" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="596AECB740112ECFF8F794EAEDF4BCA3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="CAFCE6BB02B16210ECCFE361CADBADCC" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Periscelididae" authority="Oldenberg" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Periscelididae" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Periscelididae Oldenberg</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CCEA37560948DA9B4F71FDB722ABA7C2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5756F0489C6A904A1B85415A0A7CF996" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="3B04CFD495B359D77853B44713C5BA87" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Periscelidinae">Periscelidinae</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="C6A3B8D9A6C59E98BFCB45F43F853BDE" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Oldenberg 1914</bibRefCitation>
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: 41 [as a subfamily of
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<taxonomicName id="CD2AD30085AD9092A8D5D79E77945F11" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Drosophilidae</taxonomicName>
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]. Type genus:
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<taxonomicName id="5FCF8F1B8B258324A91F9D1738566577" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Periscelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Periscelis" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Periscelis</taxonomicName>
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Loew, 1858.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="38F9C79D9D038B0DB26A8822592A5FD7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="FD1E2A23D9E264C010418B680888DACA" class="Insecta" family="Periscelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Periscelidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="B6965712BAFADE136B2BC20250DAA4EB" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hendel 1916</bibRefCitation>
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: 297 [family status].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="316A6447A1334039364EC891BAFFCBE6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="1C0DAFE1025F77170C82D4F3E3892D52" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Periscelididae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="12103018ABB8F2EDC1E4598017AF3860" author="Stackelberg, AA" journalOrPublisher="Leningrad, Akademiia Nauk" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" title="Les mouches de la partie europeenne de 1 ' URSS. Tableaux Analytiques de la Faune de 1 ' URSS." year="1933">Stackelberg 1933</bibRefCitation>
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: 4 [correct orthography].
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<bibRefCitation id="F5C5AD28CE88814D2ECF40E84EF0BD63" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Prado 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 1-3 [Neotropical catalog].
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<bibRefCitation id="3DD9925ACC059A6DF9530F9C166DE828" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mathis and Rung 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: 359-369 [world catalog].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1BE34314F567DFC5E21977CC42F0C21F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A0E32104B52AC90D59C02D017EB3D964" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="44B9B05ED68EBC8263AF043D07D1E989" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head: Frons with 1-2 fronto-orbital setae; postvertical setae present and divergent or absent. Pedicel cap-like and with a dorsal cleft, bearing 1 or more dorsoapical setae; basal flagellomere frequently sharply deflexed, arising from ventral surface of pedicel; arista bipectinate. Face uniformly sclerotized and arched, setose laterally.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="758D8730E03F0F880B54ADBD346EA34A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Thorax: Dorsocentral setae usually 2 (0+2), sometimes 1 (0+1), none presutural; posterior intra-alar seta reduced; scutellum with 1-2 pairs of marginal setae; scutellar
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<pageBreakToken id="142DF4C5B73BAC99F0DD95449195F002" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">disc</pageBreakToken>
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bare; anepisternal seta usually lacking (present in
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<taxonomicName id="025D8E20FEEA5B91B264B604B1C64DFE" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Planinasus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Planinasus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Planinasus</taxonomicName>
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and new genus of
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<taxonomicName id="28210C89EB63E945368D6F12003D22A3" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenomicrinae">Stenomicrinae</taxonomicName>
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). Wing: subcosta rudimentary, not reaching costa, but not fused apically with vein R1; no costal breaks (a weakness in the costa just apicad of the humeral crossvein in
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<taxonomicName id="94F02B307AEFAB731D9AA5712DE81F65" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Planinasus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Planinasus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Planinasus</taxonomicName>
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); costa extended to vein R4+5 or M; cell dm with a fold running entire length; cell cup present, although vein CuA2 either well developed or extremely reduced. Midtibia bearing a prominent, apicoventral seta.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A1E470E24BBA1E05DDF3C0B60D151696" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="39DE12D482B696A951214F39F0D1DD04" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AC955D7E78BD4BB8B63C5EDDE4FD1571" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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The concept of
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<taxonomicName id="B1A7509022D72B786ECFD76A541702D9" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Periscelididae</taxonomicName>
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, as adopted here, follows D. K.
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<bibRefCitation id="80915AF66AC040AFFB316384EFB4BE90" author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="273 - 295" title="Description and biology of a new genus of flies related to Anthoclusia and representing a new family (Diptera, Schizophora, Neurochaetidae)." volume="23" year="1978">McAlpine (1978</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="229F63F3ECA0A188FB4EB524F0B46F33" author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="55 - 78" title="A new subfamily of Aulacigastridae (Diptera: Schizophora), with a discussion of Aulacigastrid classification." url="10.1071/ZO9820055" volume="31" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
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) and includes a few genera previously assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="63D98E4DCEF225D038E632B904225D6D" class="Insecta" family="Aulacigastridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aulacigastridae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="07D46292A9A56182004459CF79CF0390" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Cyamops" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamops" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyamops</taxonomicName>
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Melander,
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<taxonomicName id="27834D69B16CA0AB4C616452899F74FE" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Planinasus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Planinasus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Planinasus</taxonomicName>
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Cresson, and
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<taxonomicName id="DCFA9EFF9C46E1A38B81FD5DC486BA71" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Stenomicra" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenomicra" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenomicra</taxonomicName>
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Coquillett). McAlpine characterized
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<taxonomicName id="A21D7887F4370A94014512A80641000A" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Periscelididae</taxonomicName>
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primarily by the caplike pedicel, which has a dorsal cleft, and its relationship to the basal flagellomere. Although these characters are common to all
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<taxonomicName id="075354C7CD39D75D0B290F7C7CBAB23C" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Periscelididae</taxonomicName>
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, they also occur in
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<taxonomicName id="A71A18BF135A3CC0CC7E0E4D9A27E688" class="Insecta" family="Neurochaetidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Neurochaetidae</taxonomicName>
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(D. K.
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<bibRefCitation id="7B9ED967E6163DEE06D8CDD506D7AD0E" author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="273 - 295" title="Description and biology of a new genus of flies related to Anthoclusia and representing a new family (Diptera, Schizophora, Neurochaetidae)." volume="23" year="1978">McAlpine 1978</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="FB3CC377B5E0715C23E976CFE7BB27F4" author="Woodley, NE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="211 - 218" title="Two new species of Neurochaeta McAlpine (Diptera: Neurochaetidae), with notes on cladistic relationships within the genus." volume="10" year="1982">Woodley 1982</bibRefCitation>
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) and other Acalyptrate genera. In a recent phylogenetic study of the
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<taxonomicName id="A0FBD24B18DFB1F8B5D47F430E9C859A" genus="Opomyzoidea" lsidName="Opomyzoidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">Opomyzoidea</taxonomicName>
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, using 28S ribosomal DNA and CAD (rudimentary) genes (
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<bibRefCitation id="C5FC42DD8BE5B9A7F2FB3866E9063AAD" author="Winkler, IS" journalOrPublisher="" Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="746 - 762" title="Hennig's orphans revisited: Testing morphological hypotheses in the " Opomyzoidea." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.016" volume="54" year="2010">Winkler et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="F0D9EFC6948DA21FF232D40F42EB1902" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Stenomicra" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenomicra" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenomicra</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="FFFA0365F99F890FAC72EEBA31F4204F" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Cyamops" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamops" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyamops</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D3DFAD0A0696D4A008FFEB29BE8D25B0" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Planinasus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Planinasus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Planinasus</taxonomicName>
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grouped consistently with moderate support with the genus
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<taxonomicName id="5E5EC6410F68D54878FAAC921F9FAF09" class="Insecta" family="Aulacigastridae" genus="Aulacigaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacigaster" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aulacigaster</taxonomicName>
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and not with
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<taxonomicName id="3BD49526A979C1EEE76F7C649E009F31" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Periscelidinae">Periscelidinae</taxonomicName>
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. Moreover, the same analysis failed to find any support for a sister-group relationship between
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<taxonomicName id="3B4A18D94EC74B6802D7289974998FFB" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Periscelididae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="7A8D8CFB604944472504A7AB423EF70D" class="Insecta" family="Neurochaetidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Neurochaetidae</taxonomicName>
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. In an unpublished and comprehensive analysis of the
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<taxonomicName id="FB3E1148BC7D19FE5E91CF0DE239728E" genus="Opomyzoidea" lsidName="Opomyzoidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">Opomyzoidea</taxonomicName>
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, however, the second author found evidence corroborating the proposal of
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<bibRefCitation id="D5D3A23C5F351C546AB7E942C08ADAA5" author="Grimaldi, DA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="383 - 403" title="Fossil Periscelididae (Diptera)." volume="95" year="1993">Grimaldi and Mathis (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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, i.e., that the
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<taxonomicName id="6F88CFD5BF8BD031909E3882FEDFF4CF" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Periscelididae</taxonomicName>
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sensu D. K.
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<bibRefCitation id="584EDF63E114CABEB723B2FAFF37E608" author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="55 - 78" title="A new subfamily of Aulacigastridae (Diptera: Schizophora), with a discussion of Aulacigastrid classification." url="10.1071/ZO9820055" volume="31" year="1983">McAlpine (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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is the sister-group of the
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<taxonomicName id="B5A7456D4D3ED1D5300B85972944C0C8" class="Insecta" family="Neurochaetidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Neurochaetidae</taxonomicName>
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. The only non-homoplasious synapomorphy supporting this arrangement is the type of articulation between the pedicel and the basal flagellomere. These results highlight the need to study the phylogeny of these groups further and in greater detail.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5F73A4AD69EC3ECBFFB12A6EFF75CBD3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<bibRefCitation id="13BBBF1CE23BE088A6251FB1D8C05EDC" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Papp (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed
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<taxonomicName id="666706141681D9F7AEBF8C3DD4187203" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenomicrinae">Stenomicrinae</taxonomicName>
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for the genus
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<taxonomicName id="51EDB688C88439CA8B255EB6DA973D1E" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Stenomicra" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenomicra" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenomicra</taxonomicName>
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after D. K.
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<bibRefCitation id="8DEFAE4978D9488E7ECAB441C56483D9" author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="273 - 295" title="Description and biology of a new genus of flies related to Anthoclusia and representing a new family (Diptera, Schizophora, Neurochaetidae)." volume="23" year="1978">McAlpine (1978</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="10D7676B2A87CA199FDA93C6FC406BAD" author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="55 - 78" title="A new subfamily of Aulacigastridae (Diptera: Schizophora), with a discussion of Aulacigastrid classification." url="10.1071/ZO9820055" volume="31" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
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) had transferred that genus, together with
|
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<taxonomicName id="6157C6AE81CBAF46329C4ACE21D6F8A9" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Planinasus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Planinasus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Planinasus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9CF0AA0C7325F50AE450F8F4A2B18E0E" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Cyamops" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamops" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyamops</taxonomicName>
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, from the
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<taxonomicName id="585D644FF786ADDAAA7216E83BF00FBE" class="Insecta" family="Aulacigastridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aulacigastridae</taxonomicName>
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to the
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<taxonomicName id="BEF992BD7ABE72644B7E0605CEA88185" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Periscelididae</taxonomicName>
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.
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|
<bibRefCitation id="961AF9DDF91CB6A1D625F57F1500412E" author="Grimaldi, DA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="383 - 403" title="Fossil Periscelididae (Diptera)." volume="95" year="1993">Grimaldi and Mathis (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="095E564D013AC0368BEEAA230DF73870" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Baptista and Mathis (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation id="64ED4EA90F0B3B2C0459F5A834EBA3B4" author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Manual of Palaearctic Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="285 - 294" title="3.24. Family Periscelididae." volume="3" year="1998">Mathis and Papp (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="22ABF38BF511A9F88D68EA9BD9CA4AA1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mathis and Rung (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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|
recognized two subfamilies (
|
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<taxonomicName id="EF657A9C48CA2DDD0EA419D72EFA478D" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Periscelidinae">Periscelidinae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="8CED21BA0758649FF3986697E1F6BAB6" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenomicrinae">Stenomicrinae</taxonomicName>
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) in the
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<taxonomicName id="B62B6731E7515884E2B73E19539E0653" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Periscelididae</taxonomicName>
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, although only the monophyly of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6A22040C0CCBBFB845BF3FD6C53E7077" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Periscelidinae">Periscelidinae</taxonomicName>
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is well corroborated as follows: (1) occiput with a silvery white, microtomentose area immediately adjacent to the posterior margin of the compound eye (secondarily absent in several species); (2) only one fronto-orbital seta, reclinate; (3) mouth opening large (this may be secondarily reduced in
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<taxonomicName id="42EA557114A007F4E88AA34F0F4147CF" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Diopsosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diopsosoma" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diopsosoma</taxonomicName>
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, although this is difficult to determine, given the extreme lateral distentions of the head); (4) costa short, extended only to vein R4+5; (5) vein CuA2 reduced or absent; (6) cell dm with a fold running entire length (also in
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<taxonomicName id="BD9F221EABD6EB853357E86AB6A1E82B" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenomicrinae">Stenomicrinae</taxonomicName>
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); (7) postpronotal seta well developed; (8) spiracle 7 (
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|
<normalizedToken id="C268708087936339A88A977C13366FA6" originalValue="“stigma”">"stigma"</normalizedToken>
|
|
) not free in female postabdomen; (9) several characters of the male terminalia (see
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<bibRefCitation id="983DE8EC284E8CA2C5849F6976093BDE" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Griffiths 1972</bibRefCitation>
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|
). The genera comprising
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<taxonomicName id="AA7D2571D79C541575BF556D8FA396F6" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Periscelidinae">Periscelidinae</taxonomicName>
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are those that
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<bibRefCitation id="DE9637B2F912103DFCA8F29A7CA70942" author="Hennig, W" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="589 - 633" title="Neue Gattungen und Arten der Acalyptratae." url="10.4039/Ent101589-6" volume="101" year="1969">Hennig (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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|
included in his more restricted concept of the family, viz:
|
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<taxonomicName id="2F01DBE49807115DCEE816BECF958431" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Periscelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Periscelis" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Periscelis</taxonomicName>
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Loew,
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<taxonomicName id="CE285F4DBB4B4047EBBD419B5E227182" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Marbenia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marbenia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Marbenia</taxonomicName>
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Malloch,
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|
<taxonomicName id="DD08FF2D9ECF6C54A4F9D3BA07E197C7" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Neoscutops" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoscutops" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoscutops</taxonomicName>
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Malloch,
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|
<taxonomicName id="55D11EBFEC894DB2A57634DDAE9969C0" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Scutops" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scutops" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scutops</taxonomicName>
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Coquillett, and
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|
<taxonomicName id="0F6E41532981F90BBAFDACF735531D88" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Diopsosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diopsosoma" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diopsosoma</taxonomicName>
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Malloch.
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<bibRefCitation id="FF07F575CC1BC17728A0BCC89B172894" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Baptista and Mathis (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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|
questioned the monophyly of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1C791E2BB08FC5C9868D02FD8665FD8B" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenomicrinae">Stenomicrinae</taxonomicName>
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|
and presented evidence that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8EBE4748E098A630744BFAF3D65728E9" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Planinasus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Planinasus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Planinasus</taxonomicName>
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|
might be more closely related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0547F1CFE3571F25A27922000E862984" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Periscelidinae">Periscelidinae</taxonomicName>
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.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="635405710A6686B5F8F2505EB290A1D3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Griffiths (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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|
considered
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2232D4187129691CDE71529BE665BF1D" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Diopsosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diopsosoma" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diopsosoma</taxonomicName>
|
|
Malloch (see also
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0F7B5C89A346C1B3E6A510ACE83CF36B" author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="303 - 309" title="Redescription of Diopsosoma primum Malloch (Diptera: Periscelididae)." url="10.1590/S0085-56262004000300002" volume="48" year="2004">Mathis and Rung 2004</bibRefCitation>
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|
) and the small Neotropical genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB91A1F5A8D316BB3CF88393D5F55" class="Insecta" family="Somatiidae" genus="Somatia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Somatia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Somatia</taxonomicName>
|
|
Schiner (tentatively in a separate subfamily, the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B223E77D2ADFB247D8375A5F89E788A7" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Somatiinae">Somatiinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) to belong in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0380569CAC467D83A6AF205EBF1E3AD3" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Periscelididae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Although
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8B62E78C00462D985B63940EA4F6AE39" author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="366 - 372" title="A new genus of Periscelididae (Diptera) from the neotropics." volume="105" year="1992">Mathis and Papp (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="128B4E92FF5E4CE9FDB6594524335345" author="Grimaldi, DA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="383 - 403" title="Fossil Periscelididae (Diptera)." volume="95" year="1993">Grimaldi and Mathis (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
questioned the placement of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4E630140A88AD573D5F90EA40F72DE61" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Diopsosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diopsosoma" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diopsosoma</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2EDA1E9B26305C0874A2BFB5DD1371B9" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Periscelididae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B049FE67223BBFE048074C95E2CF01D1" author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="303 - 309" title="Redescription of Diopsosoma primum Malloch (Diptera: Periscelididae)." url="10.1590/S0085-56262004000300002" volume="48" year="2004">Mathis and Rung (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
presented five synapomorphies that confirm its inclusion.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="163654749E721B7545805430E80651F5" author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Australian Entomological Society" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="13 - 19" title="A new species and subgenus of Periscelis Loew from Australia (Diptera: Periscelididae)." url="10.1111/j.1440-6055.1993.tb00535.x" volume="32" year="1993">Mathis (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
considered
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B41F150FC5F9F3C16B056E1B23BC257C" class="Insecta" family="Somatiidae" genus="Somatia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Somatia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Somatia</taxonomicName>
|
|
as closely related to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A92587796D0FE2C51E3AC0F7FB5082D6" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psilidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="33BF337E33F93A69ADF9426F16E5257A" genus="Diopsoinea" lsidName="Diopsoinea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">Diopsoinea</taxonomicName>
|
|
), while D. K.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8250971982295CB07B422DC9A07D7BA2" author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="167 - 194" title="Gobryidae, a new family of acalyptrate flies (Diptera: Diospsoidea), and a discussion of relationships of the diopsoid families." url="10.3853/j.0067-1975.49.1997.1264" volume="49" year="1997">McAlpine (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
treated
|
|
<taxonomicName id="25BCD12DCE90C63A8EAA7E05C2C6CCDB" class="Insecta" family="Somatiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Somatiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(monotypic) as incertae sedis.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="8AEFAE55EA2B08249F39789CBCA7666A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="key to subfamilies of periscelididae">
|
|
<paragraph id="204FC4C341C02E37CFC195C31E6EEA84" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
|
Key to subfamilies of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0C338C374BD04E66A79F535505C51F5F" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Periscelididae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<subSection id="993D9F0B97BF3EA80BFBBF3C6D4CDB0B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="">
|
|
<paragraph id="BDB1914D332CAE243E76C684E4F2E92E" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
|
<table id="62C20AF35A821EAC264C95EB47F8078A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
|
<tr id="E57CB28542474AD8170FE56DD1FFD982" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
|
<td id="F9126EBB9B59B591F3181D33D251E795" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">4+52cup</td>
|
|
<td id="975728DCF11FE4CC962A18B89CA8A3AE" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="71C36F0C886D6FAAF87EE1B11D09DF1B" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Periscelidinae">Periscelidinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="2F7359253B78D7D5223FCE59B6C5FFE1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
|
<td id="0020647604D6514A09DDC914366DC90C" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
|
|
2cup
|
|
<taxonomicName id="170EFA957DA7527DE4CE11AD697921DC" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" genus="Stenomicra" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenomicra" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenomicra</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="F2E1904283FEA9C76FC8052530A438C3" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="977389637E72152EF367B91922009F2F" class="Insecta" family="Periscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenomicrinae">Stenomicrinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSection>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |