treatments-xml/data/03/94/87/039487C9D217BF12FCA258CBDB07F9C8.xml

<document id="4A0CC68BD1D7F874E81B387ED796C13E" ID-CLB-Dataset="296738" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11246269" ID-GBIF-Dataset="be671987-0c24-4a85-949f-54f54e68b152" ID-ISSN="1525-9153" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11246269" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1714485760782" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Moraes, Leandro João Carneiro de Lima &amp; Pavan, Dante" docDate="2018" docId="039487C9D217BF12FCA258CBDB07F9C8" docLanguage="en" docName="AmphibReptileCons.12.1.e151.pdf" docOrigin="Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation (e 151) 12 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D97478CDCB68366E5D4AECD282BFFB6F.1:AmphibReptileConse.2015-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="D97478CDCB68366E5D4AECD282BFFB6F" docStyleName="AmphibReptileConse.2015-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Hemiphractus scutatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFADFFB1D215BF14FFB55B04DE50FFD0" masterDocTitle="On the occurrence of Hemiphractus scutatus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Hemiphractidae) in eastern Amazonia" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1716578040309" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5AE4A38345D83E95BE130670A406ED0F">On the occurrence of Hemiphractus scutatus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Hemiphractidae) in eastern Amazonia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F154EA89CC903695B0AED5C8675C0945">Moraes, Leandro João Carneiro de Lima</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9C3F49A021E92FB9F896598346D3905F">Ecosfera Consultoria e Pesquisa em Meio Ambiente Ltda., São Paulo, SP, BRAZIL &amp; Programa de Capacitação Institucional, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, AM, BRAZIL</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F203F2769FEB083C39FEEAC453E39C8A" type="email">leandro.jclm@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1629F7B457FE924C1CA7CD58EDA4E9CE">Pavan, Dante</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C98CD2845540E5DBE11132AE3C17BC76">Ecosfera Consultoria e Pesquisa em Meio Ambiente Ltda., São Paulo, SP, BRAZIL</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E833EA2264118E0288B1E5EF8CD9BCD0" type="email">dtpavan@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C23D665D0D65054B3970417D31B07EA7">Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0BC28AACDD5D9BD78E08914945FC7619">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="B0AFFAA661467BD070555777DA1961A8">e 151</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="96B49145C6D53120AEF6B728127815FE">2018-01-30</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039487C9D217BF12FCA258CBDB07F9C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246277" ID-GBIF-Taxon="230927874" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11246277" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039487C9D217BF12FCA258CBDB07F9C8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487C9D217BF12FCA258CBDB07F9C8" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">
<subSubSection id="C3276554D217BF16FCA258CBDB56FC38" box="[791,1286,975,1000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD217BF16FCA258CBDB56FC38" blockId="2.[791,1286,975,1000]" box="[791,1286,975,1000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0CA81B3D217BF16FCA258CBDB56FC38" bold="true" box="[791,1286,975,1000]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD217BF16FCA258CBDB56FC38" bold="true" box="[791,1286,975,1000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">
New records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD217BF16FC6A58CBDB56FC38" ID-CoL="3KRS7" authority="(Spix, 1824)" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[991,1286,975,1000]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD217BF16FC6A58CBDB56FC38" bold="true" box="[991,1286,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Hemiphractus scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276554D217BF16FCA25F15DB23FAB8" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD217BF16FCA25F15DB23FAB8" blockId="2.[791,1397,1040,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">
We found 
<specimenCount id="9D3BFD56D217BF16FC3F5F14DA67FBF8" box="[906,1079,1040,1064]" count="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD217BF16FBD55F15DA8AFBF8" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1120,1242,1041,1064]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD217BF16FBD55F15DA8AFBF8" box="[1120,1242,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">H. scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in two of the 11 sampling sites (
<figureCitation id="13062A5AD217BF16FC6B5F34DA15FB98" box="[990,1093,1072,1096]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[141,176,762,784]" captionStartId-1="2.[141,176,438,460]" captionStartId-2="3.[141,176,1031,1053]" captionTargetBox-0="[141,1394,144,739]" captionTargetBox-1="[141,1394,144,422]" captionTargetBox-2="[246,1290,144,1013]" captionTargetId-0="figure-608@1.[141,1394,144,739]" captionTargetId-1="figure-797@2.[141,1394,144,422]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@3.[245,1291,144,1013]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Known distribution of (a) genus Hemiphractus (in purple) and (b) Hemiphractus scutatus (dots), highlighting new locality of occurrence in middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, Brazil (red dots) and localities of sequences included in molecular analysis (yellow dots). The region of new records is zoomed in (c), showing the sampling sites where H. scutatus was present (red) and not recorded (white)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Specimens of Hemiphractus scutatus from middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, Brazil. (a) Female, 76.1 mm SVL, INPA-H38116; (b) Male, 57.8 mm SVL, INPA-H38117; (c) Female, 61.7 mm SVL, INPA-H38118." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Dorsal and ventral views of voucher specimens of Hemiphractus scutatus from middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, Brazil.(a) Female, 76.1 mm SVL, INPA-H38116; (b) Male, 57.8 mm SVL, INPA-H38117. Scale bar = 20 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246271" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246273" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246275" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11246271/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11246273/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11246275/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
). It was a rare species in the sampling, recorded at a ratio of 
<specimenCount id="9D3BFD56D217BF16FBCE5F55DB40FBB8" box="[1147,1296,1104,1128]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
in about each 300 days of sampling, while the most abundant syntopic terrestrial frogs were from genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD217BF16FB4D5F94DDB8FB18" authority="Steindachner, 1867" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Adenomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD217BF16FB4D5F94DB23FB78" box="[1272,1395,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Adenomera</emphasis>
Steindachner, 1867
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD217BF16FC425FB5DD01FB38" authority="Jimenez de la Espada, 1870" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD217BF16FC425FB5DA29FB18" box="[1015,1145,1201,1224]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Pristimantis</emphasis>
Jiménez de la Espada, 1870
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD217BF16FCE95FD4DB3FFB38" authority="Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988" authorityName="Zimmermann and Zimmermann" authorityYear="1988" box="[860,1391,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD217BF16FCE95FD4DD91FB38" box="[860,961,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Allobates</emphasis>
Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD217BF16FCF85FF4DA35FAD8" authority="Fitzinger, 1826" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[845,1125,1264,1288]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD217BF16FCF85FF4DDF7FAD8" box="[845,935,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Rhinella</emphasis>
Fitzinger, 1826
</taxonomicName>
, with 2,700 specimens recorded in this same sampling effort. The 
<specimenCount id="9D3BFD56D217BF16FB4E5E14DD07FA98" count="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD217BF16FC355E35DDABFA98" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[896,1019,1329,1352]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD217BF16FC355E35DDABFA98" box="[896,1019,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">H. scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were only recorded by the active searches, and exclusively in 
<emphasis id="B949EACDD217BF16FBF35E55DA98FAB8" box="[1094,1224,1361,1384]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Terra Firme</emphasis>
forests (
<figureCitation id="13062A5AD217BF16FA915E54DB36FAB8" box="[1316,1382,1360,1384]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[141,176,965,987]" captionTargetBox="[141,745,156,953]" captionTargetId="figure-467@4.[141,745,145,953]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Aerial (a) and inside (b) view of the Hemiphractus scutatus habitat (Terra Firme forest) in middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, Brazil, also showing the BR-230 highway." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11246287/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276554D217BF16FC825E74DA90F8B8" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD217BF16FC825E74DA90F8B8" blockId="2.[791,1397,1040,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation id="3B553C82D217BF16FC825E74DA8FF9D8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4866340301" collectingDate="2012-09-28" collectingDateMax="2013-04-28" collectingDateMin="2012-09-28" collectionCode="LJCL" collectorName="D. Pavan" elevation="62" latitude="-4.6666665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-56.616665" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
On 
<date id="FF83101FD217BF16FCD65E74DA6DFA58" box="[867,1085,1392,1416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" value="2012-09-28">
<collectingDate id="EFC7E9F7D217BF16FCD65E74DA6DFA58" box="[867,1085,1392,1416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" value="2012-09-28">28 September 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
<specimenCount id="9D3BFD56D217BF16FBFF5E75DA95FA58" box="[1098,1221,1392,1416]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
voucher specimen was collected by 
<collectorName id="26C85309D217BF16FBB25E95DA3AFA78" box="[1031,1130,1425,1448]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">D. Pavan</collectorName>
close to a large tree and under a palm leaf, on the left bank of Tapajós River, at 19:15 h (
<quantity id="4CC59B3AD217BF16FCCC5ED4DD8AFA38" box="[889,986,1488,1512]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.609999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="76.1">76.1 mm</quantity>
SVL; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE095018D217BF16FB965ED4DA2DFA38" box="[1059,1149,1488,1512]" degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-5.0333333">05°02’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE095018D217BF16FB3C5ED4DABBFA38" box="[1161,1259,1488,1512]" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-56.883335">56°53’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CC59B3AD217BF16FB425ED4DB7EFA38" box="[1271,1326,1488,1512]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="62.0">
<elevation id="0010D1ECD217BF16FB425ED4DB7EFA38" box="[1271,1326,1488,1512]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="62.0">62 m</elevation>
</quantity>
above mean sea level, hereafter referred as asl).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B553C82D217BF16FB5D5EF4DD30F978" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4866340302" collectingDate="2012-09-28" collectingDateMax="2013-04-28" collectingDateMin="2012-09-28" collectionCode="LJCL" collectorName="LJCL Moraes" elevation="62" latitude="-4.6666665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-56.616665" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectorName id="26C85309D217BF16FB5D5EF4DB59F9D8" box="[1256,1289,1520,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">On</collectorName>
<date id="FF83101FD217BF16FAA75EF4DD25F9F8" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" value="2012-10-16">
<collectingDate id="EFC7E9F7D217BF16FAA75EF4DD25F9F8" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" value="2012-10-16">16 October 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
a male voucher specimen was collected on the same riverbank by 
<collectorName id="26C85309D217BF16FC525D34DA2BF998" box="[999,1147,1584,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">LJCL Moraes</collectorName>
hidden inside the leaf-litter at 21:05 h, distant ca. 
<quantity id="4CC59B3AD217BF16FBFD5D54DADEF9B8" box="[1096,1166,1616,1640]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="51.0">51 km</quantity>
in straight line from the first record (
<quantity id="4CC59B3AD217BF16FC795D74DA7FF958" box="[972,1071,1648,1672]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.779999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="57.8">57.8 mm</quantity>
SVL; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE095018D217BF16FBCB5D74DA88F958" box="[1150,1240,1648,1672]" degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-4.65">04°39’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE095018D217BF16FB525D74DB19F958" box="[1255,1353,1648,1672]" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-56.616665">56°37’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="0010D1ECD217BF16FAED5D74DD03F978" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="60.0">
<quantity id="4CC59B3AD217BF16FAED5D74DD7CF978" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B553C82D217BF16FCD25D94DAECF8B8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4866340303" collectingDate="2012-09-28" collectingDateMax="2013-04-28" collectingDateMin="2012-09-28" collectionCode="LJCL" collectorName="J. Cassimiro" elevation="62" latitude="-4.6666665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-56.616665" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectorName id="26C85309D217BF16FCD25D94DDD8F978" box="[871,904,1680,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">On</collectorName>
<date id="FF83101FD217BF16FC3B5D94DA73F978" box="[910,1059,1680,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" value="2013-04-28">
<collectingDate id="EFC7E9F7D217BF16FC3B5D94DA73F978" box="[910,1059,1680,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" value="2013-04-28">28 April 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
a second female voucher specimen was collected also hidden inside the leaf-litter on the same riverbank by 
<collectorName id="26C85309D217BF16FBB95DD5DAC0F938" box="[1036,1168,1744,1768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">J. Cassimiro</collectorName>
at 21:30 h (
<quantity id="4CC59B3AD217BF16FAA75DD4DB22F938" box="[1298,1394,1744,1768]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.17" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="61.7">61.7 mm</quantity>
SVL; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE095018D217BF16FCED5DF4DDE3F8D8" box="[856,947,1776,1800]" degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-4.6666665">04°40’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE095018D217BF16FC0B5DF4DA70F8D8" box="[958,1056,1776,1800]" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-56.616665">56°37’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="0010D1ECD217BF16FB995DF4DADBF8D8" box="[1068,1163,1776,1800]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="83.0">
<quantity id="4CC59B3AD217BF16FB995DF4DA33F8D8" box="[1068,1123,1776,1800]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="83.0">83 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
), distant ca. 
<quantity id="4CC59B3AD217BF16FAA65DF4DB07F8D8" box="[1299,1367,1776,1800]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
in straight line from the first record and 430 m from the second record. 
<collectorName id="26C85309D217BF16FC225C35DDE8F898" box="[919,952,1841,1864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">No</collectorName>
evidence of reproductive activity or gaping posture (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED217BF16FC295C54DA4AF8B8" author="Trueb L." box="[924,1050,1872,1896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref6861" refString="Trueb L. 1974. Systematic relationships of Neotropical horned frogs, genus Hemiphractus (Anura: Hylidae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 29: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1974">Trueb 1974</bibRefCitation>
) was observed
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276554D217BF10FC825C74DF25F938" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD217BF17FC825C74DC2BF9C8" blockId="2.[791,1397,1040,1961]" lastBlockId="3.[141,747,1120,1560]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">
These three records represent the easternmost known localities of occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD217BF16FB9E5C95DAF1F878" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1067,1185,1937,1960]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD217BF16FB9E5C95DAF1F878" box="[1067,1185,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">H. scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, extending the geographic range of the species and the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD216BF17FDFF5F64DCB1FBA8" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" box="[586,737,1120,1144]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD216BF17FDFF5F64DCB1FBA8" box="[586,737,1120,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Hemiphractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They are distant ca. 
<quantity id="4CC59B3AD216BF17FED15F84DC41FB48" box="[356,529,1152,1176]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" unit="km" value="1250.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="1000.0">
<geoCoordinate id="EE095018D216BF17FED15F84DFF0FB48" box="[356,416,1152,1176]" degrees="1,000" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="1.0">1,000</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE095018D216BF17FE2A5F84DFB9FB48" box="[415,489,1152,1176]" degrees="1,500" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-1.5">–1,500</geoCoordinate>
km
</quantity>
from the previously known easternmost points of the species occurrence, in 
<collectingRegion id="49F9F83DD216BF17FF055FC4DF48FB08" box="[176,280,1216,1240]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
(INPA-H 15398, 15399) and Amazonas States, 
<collectingCountry id="F32A764FD216BF17FF685FE4DF4EFB28" box="[221,286,1248,1272]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED216BF17FE9B5FE4DFFFFB28" author="GBIF" box="[302,431,1248,1272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" refId="ref5836" refString="GBIF. 2017. Hemiphractus scutatus (Spix, 1824) species page. Available: http: // www. gbif. org / species / 2429986 [Accessed: 03 May 2017]." type="url" year="2017">GBIF 2017</bibRefCitation>
; SpeciesLink 2017) (
<figureCitation id="13062A5AD216BF17FD2D5FE4DC89FB28" box="[664,729,1248,1272]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[141,176,762,784]" captionTargetBox="[141,1394,144,739]" captionTargetId="figure-608@1.[141,1394,144,739]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Known distribution of (a) genus Hemiphractus (in purple) and (b) Hemiphractus scutatus (dots), highlighting new locality of occurrence in middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, Brazil (red dots) and localities of sequences included in molecular analysis (yellow dots). The region of new records is zoomed in (c), showing the sampling sites where H. scutatus was present (red) and not recorded (white)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11246271/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Considering only the Amazon Basin at South of Amazon River, these new records even extend to the East the geographic range of the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD216BF17FE695E44DCDAFA88" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1862" box="[476,650,1344,1368]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hemiphractidae</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, the elevation level in which these specimens were recorded are among the lowest known elevation for the species (60, 62, and 
<quantity id="4CC59B3AD216BF17FEC45EA4DFF9FA68" box="[369,425,1440,1464]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="83.0">83 m</quantity>
asl; 
<figureCitation id="13062A5AD216BF17FE6A5EA4DC71FA68" box="[479,545,1440,1464]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[791,826,775,797]" captionTargetBox="[791,1395,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-498@4.[791,1395,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Variation in number of individuals of Hemiphractus scutatus recorded along its known elevational range (60–3,300 m above mean sea level). The specimens from middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, Brazil are recorded among the lowest known elevation for the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11246283/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), and two of them (60 and 
<quantity id="4CC59B3AD216BF17FF535EC4DF4CFA08" box="[230,284,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="62.0">62 m</quantity>
asl) also extend downwards the known elevational range of this species, since there are no documented records of individuals below 
<quantity id="4CC59B3AD216BF17FDAF5D04DC00F9C8" box="[538,592,1536,1560]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
asl.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF426657D216BF17FF385F03DAECFBE9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246275" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11246275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11246275/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" startId="3.[141,176,1031,1053]" targetBox="[246,1290,144,1013]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD216BF17FF385F03DAECFBE9" blockId="3.[141,1395,1031,1082]" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD216BF17FF385F03DE9EFBCC" bold="true" box="[141,206,1031,1053]" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Dorsal and ventral views of voucher specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD216BF17FD795F03DDFAFBCD" authority="(Spix, 1824)" box="[716,938,1031,1053]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD216BF17FD795F03DDFAFBCD" box="[716,938,1031,1053]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Hemiphractus scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, Brazil. 
<emphasis id="B949EACDD216BF17FF615F27DEA0FBE9" bold="true" box="[212,240,1059,1081]" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">(a)</emphasis>
Female, 76.1 mm SVL, INPA-H38116; 
<emphasis id="B949EACDD216BF17FDC15F27DCC1FBE9" bold="true" box="[628,657,1059,1081]" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">(b)</emphasis>
Male, 57.8 mm SVL, INPA-H38117. Scale bar = 20 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD216BF17FF385D3BDE83F9A8" blockId="3.[141,745,1599,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD216BF17FF385D3BDE83F9A8" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Morphologic variation and molecular relationships</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD216BF17FF385DA4DADDF988" blockId="3.[141,746,1696,1944]" lastBlockId="3.[791,1397,1120,1944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
The morphologic data confirms the identification of our specimens in accordance to the literature (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED216BF17FDD45DC4DCB2F908" author="Trueb L." box="[609,738,1728,1752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref6861" refString="Trueb L. 1974. Systematic relationships of Neotropical horned frogs, genus Hemiphractus (Anura: Hylidae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 29: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1974">Trueb 1974</bibRefCitation>
) and voucher specimens. Qualitative characters include the triangular head, canthus rostralis rounded in section; tympanum large and vertically ovoid; oblique rows of tubercles on dorsal surfaces of forearm and hind limb (less pronounced in female specimens); small triangular fleshy proboscis, dorsoventrally flattened, on tip of snout; eyelids granular with one (female specimens) or three (male specimen) prominent fleshy conical tubercles; single bony projection at the angle of the jaw; slightly enlarged tubercles at the knee and small tubercles at calcaneum (divergent from the absence of calcar projections reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED216BF17FBAB5E04DACBFAC8" author="Trueb L." box="[1054,1179,1280,1304]" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref6861" refString="Trueb L. 1974. Systematic relationships of Neotropical horned frogs, genus Hemiphractus (Anura: Hylidae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 29: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1974">Trueb 1974</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED216BF17FB605E04DD94FAE8" author="Rodriguez LO &amp; Duellman WE" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" refId="ref6482" refString="Rodriguez LO, Duellman WE. 1994. Guide to the Frogs of the Iquitos Region, Amazonian Peru. Peruvian Field Guides Series No Sp 22 (Book 22). Asociacion de Ecologia y Conservacion, Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research and Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA. 89 p." type="book" year="1994">Rodríguez and Duellman 1994</bibRefCitation>
); fingers and toes with vestigial adhesive discs, well-developed round subarticular tubercles and basal webbing; thenar tubercle elliptical and outer palmar tubercle diffuse, flat and cordiform; no evidence of nuptial pads in male specimen; toes also with well-developed round subarticular tubercles and about onefourth webbed; inner metatarsal tubercle well-developed and elliptical, and outer metatarsal tubercle indistinct; shagreened skin on dorsum and granular on flanks, abdomen and ventral surfaces of thighs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD216BF10FC825D64DCB3FA38" blockId="3.[791,1397,1120,1944]" lastBlockId="4.[140,747,1072,1768]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
Dorsal coloration in life varies from reddish brown (INPA-H38116 and 38118) to pale tan background with dark mottling (INPA-H38117), with two dark vertebral spots; dark suborbital marks from the lower margin of the eye expanding posteroventrally but not reaching the lip (more pronounced in INPA-H38117 than in INPA-H38116 and 38118) and scattered dark spots in the tympanic region. Ventrally, gular coloration varies from uniformly brown (INPA-H38116 and 38118) to mottled (INPA-H38117), with a pale mid-ventral stripe reaching the pectoral region; same gular color reaches the pectoral region, and becomes less pigmented posteriorly. A finely dark venate pattern covers the flank areas above the forelimb; forelimbs and hind limbs varies from uniformly brown (INPA-H38116 and 38118) to tan (INPA-H38117), with dark transverse bands, reaching the dorsal surface of hands (more evident in INPA-H38117); iris bronze and darker ventrally, with a longitudinally crossing reddish area and pupil horizontal. Regarding quantitative characters, most of the measurements of the middle Tapajós River specimens agree with the known morphometric range of the species (
<tableCitation id="C6BF0364D211BF10FE705E94DC47FA78" box="[453,535,1424,1448]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[141,197,145,166]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Morphologic measurements (mm) of Hemiphractus scutatus specimens recorded in middle Tapajós River region (highlighted), compared to literature data and other voucher specimens from herpetological collection of Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil (INPA-H). Literature: aTrueb 1974, n = 8 males and 15 females; bRodríguez and Duellman 1994." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF426657D210BF11FF385B95DB0BFF30" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="DF426657D210BF11FF385B95DB0BFF30">Table 1</tableCitation>
), also showing the sexual dimorphism in body size. The only divergence is a small HW compared to SVL in female INPA-H38116.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF426657D211BF10FCA25803DA1EFC40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11246283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11246283/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" startId="4.[791,826,775,797]" targetBox="[791,1395,144,747]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD211BF10FCA25803DA1EFC40" blockId="4.[791,1396,775,912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD211BF10FCA25803DD0BFCCC" bold="true" box="[791,859,775,797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
Variation in number of individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD211BF10FB5E5803DD36FCE9" authority="(Spix, 1824)" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD211BF10FB5E5803DD36FCE9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Hemiphractus scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded along its known elevational range (60–3,300 m above mean sea level). The specimens from middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, Brazil are recorded among the lowest known elevation for the species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF426657D211BF10FF3858C1DC8CFBC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246287" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11246287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11246287/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" startId="4.[141,176,965,987]" targetBox="[141,745,156,953]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD211BF10FF3858C1DC8CFBC5" blockId="4.[141,745,965,1045]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD211BF10FF3858C1DE81FC0A" bold="true" box="[141,209,965,987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Aerial 
<emphasis id="B949EACDD211BF10FE9458C1DF6DFC0B" bold="true" box="[289,317,965,987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">(a)</emphasis>
and inside 
<emphasis id="B949EACDD211BF10FE0C58C1DF86FC0B" bold="true" box="[441,470,965,987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">(b)</emphasis>
view of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD211BF10FDD458C2DE8CFC28" authority="(Spix, 1824)" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD211BF10FDD458C2DE8CFC28" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Hemiphractus scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
habitat (
<emphasis id="B949EACDD211BF10FE8358E7DFFDFC28" box="[310,429,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Terra Firme</emphasis>
forest) in middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, Brazil, also showing the BR-230 highway.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD211BF10FF185EF4DF25F938" blockId="4.[140,747,1072,1768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
The 
<emphasis id="B949EACDD211BF10FF5C5EF4DF40F9D8" box="[233,272,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">16S</emphasis>
mtDNA tree for 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD211BF10FE465EF4DCDAF9D8" authority="Wagler, 1828" box="[499,650,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD211BF10FE465EF4DCDAF9D8" box="[499,650,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Hemiphractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species shows, as the results presented by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED211BF10FD965D14DF49F998" author="Castroviejo-Fisher S &amp; Padial Jr. JM &amp; Silva HR &amp; Runjaic FJM &amp; Medina-Mendez E &amp; Frost DR" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref5527" refString="Castroviejo-Fisher S, Padial Jr. JM, Silva HR, Rojas- Runjaic FJM, Medina-Mendez E, Frost DR. 2015. Phylogenetic systematics of egg-brooding frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) and the evolution of direct development. Zootaxa 4004: 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="2015">Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
, two distinct lineages of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD211BF10FD815D35DCFFF998" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[564,687,1585,1608]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD211BF10FD815D35DCFFF998" box="[564,687,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">H. scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The middle Tapajós River population is more related to the lineage from 
<collectingCountry id="F32A764FD211BF10FE955D75DF01F958" box="[288,337,1649,1672]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13062A5AD211BF10FED75D74DFE0F958" box="[354,432,1648,1672]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[141,176,1099,1121]" captionTargetBox="[239,1330,167,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[200,1335,144,1092]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Hemiphractus species based in a fragment of the 16S mtDNA gene, with GenBank accession numbers. Only bootstrap values&gt;80% are shown (5,000 replicates). For Hemiphractus scutatus, sample localities are in parentheses and specimens from middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, Brazil are highlighted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11246289/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13062A5AD211BF10FE0B5D74DF9DF958" box="[446,461,1648,1672]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[141,176,515,537]" captionTargetBox="[141,745,145,501]" captionTargetId="figure-254@7.[141,745,145,501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 7. Inter and intraspecific genetic distances (mean ± standard deviation of pairwise and K2P distances) calculated for a fragment of 16S mtDNA gene of Hemiphractus species and populations. (Hsc) Hemiphractus scutatus; (Hpr) Hemiphractus proboscideus (Hfa) Hemiphractus fasciatus; (Hhe) Hemiphractus helioi; (Col) Colombia; (Per) Peru; (Tap) middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, Brazil. GenBank accession numbers of sequences are in Table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11246293/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">7</figureCitation>
), as the sequences have a higher genetic similarity (more than 97%) compared to sequence from 
<collectingCountry id="F32A764FD211BF10FE845DB4DFCDF918" box="[305,413,1712,1736]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, near the country’s border with 
<collectingCountry id="F32A764FD211BF10FF3B5DD4DE9FF938" box="[142,207,1744,1768]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(93%) (
<figureCitation id="13062A5AD211BF10FE925DD4DF38F938" box="[295,360,1744,1768]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[141,176,515,537]" captionTargetBox="[141,745,145,501]" captionTargetId="figure-254@7.[141,745,145,501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 7. Inter and intraspecific genetic distances (mean ± standard deviation of pairwise and K2P distances) calculated for a fragment of 16S mtDNA gene of Hemiphractus species and populations. (Hsc) Hemiphractus scutatus; (Hpr) Hemiphractus proboscideus (Hfa) Hemiphractus fasciatus; (Hhe) Hemiphractus helioi; (Col) Colombia; (Per) Peru; (Tap) middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, Brazil. GenBank accession numbers of sequences are in Table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11246293/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276554D211BF12FF385C09DC8DFB28" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD211BF10FF385C09DF79F8F9" blockId="4.[141,297,1805,1833]" box="[141,297,1805,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0CA81B3D211BF10FF385C09DF79F8F9" bold="true" box="[141,297,1805,1833]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD211BF10FF385C09DF79F8F9" bold="true" box="[141,297,1805,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Discussion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD211BF10FF385C54DA6FF85B" blockId="4.[141,747,1872,1928]" lastBlockId="4.[788,1397,947,1931]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
The presence of possible cryptic taxa under the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD211BF10FD655C55DEB4F858" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD211BF10FD655C55DEB4F858" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">H. scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was suggested based on the results of a phylogeny of molecular and morphologic data (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED211BF10FB1258B7DDC3FC3B" author="Castroviejo-Fisher S &amp; Padial Jr. JM &amp; Silva HR &amp; Runjaic FJM &amp; Medina-Mendez E &amp; Frost DR" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref5527" refString="Castroviejo-Fisher S, Padial Jr. JM, Silva HR, Rojas- Runjaic FJM, Medina-Mendez E, Frost DR. 2015. Phylogenetic systematics of egg-brooding frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) and the evolution of direct development. Zootaxa 4004: 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="2015">Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
), since two genetically distant intraspecific lineages were found. Although we initially worked with the hypothesis that specimens from middle Tapajós River were a new taxon, the morphologic and molecular analysis readily rejected this. Regarding the morphology, despite the possibility of strong variation due to large geographic distance to known distribution area, most of the qualitative and quantitative data of the specimens from middle Tapajós River were inside the known range for the species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED211BF10FC795FF7DA00FADB" author="Trueb L." box="[972,1104,1267,1291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref6861" refString="Trueb L. 1974. Systematic relationships of Neotropical horned frogs, genus Hemiphractus (Anura: Hylidae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 29: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1974">Trueb 1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED211BF10FBEA5FF7DD1EFAFB" author="Rodriguez LO &amp; Duellman WE" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" refId="ref6482" refString="Rodriguez LO, Duellman WE. 1994. Guide to the Frogs of the Iquitos Region, Amazonian Peru. Peruvian Field Guides Series No Sp 22 (Book 22). Asociacion de Ecologia y Conservacion, Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research and Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA. 89 p." type="book" year="1994">Rodríguez and Duellman 1994</bibRefCitation>
) and other voucher specimens (
<tableCitation id="C6BF0364D211BF10FB655E17DB7AFAFB" box="[1232,1322,1299,1323]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[141,197,145,166]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Morphologic measurements (mm) of Hemiphractus scutatus specimens recorded in middle Tapajós River region (highlighted), compared to literature data and other voucher specimens from herpetological collection of Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil (INPA-H). Literature: aTrueb 1974, n = 8 males and 15 females; bRodríguez and Duellman 1994." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF426657D210BF11FF385B95DB0BFF30" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="DF426657D210BF11FF385B95DB0BFF30">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The slightly divergences in colors, shapes, and morphometric characters between this specimens and the known for the species may be part of intraspecific variation. Regarding the molecular data, despite the high geographic distance between the populations from middle Tapajós River and 
<collectingCountry id="F32A764FD211BF10FCF25ED7DD28FA3A" box="[839,888,1491,1514]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Peru</collectingCountry>
(more than 
<quantity id="4CC59B3AD211BF10FBB65ED7DA3EFA3B" box="[1027,1134,1491,1515]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="2300.0">2,300 km</quantity>
), there is a low genetic distance between the sequences from these regions (between 2% and 3%). As 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED211BF10FBD55D17DD0EF99B" author="Castroviejo-Fisher S &amp; Padial Jr. JM &amp; Silva HR &amp; Runjaic FJM &amp; Medina-Mendez E &amp; Frost DR" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref5527" refString="Castroviejo-Fisher S, Padial Jr. JM, Silva HR, Rojas- Runjaic FJM, Medina-Mendez E, Frost DR. 2015. Phylogenetic systematics of egg-brooding frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) and the evolution of direct development. Zootaxa 4004: 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="2015">Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
highlighted, the genetic distance between the sequences from 
<collectingCountry id="F32A764FD211BF10FC7D5D57DA61F9BB" box="[968,1073,1619,1643]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F32A764FD211BF10FBDD5D57DACCF9BA" box="[1128,1180,1619,1642]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Peru</collectingCountry>
, and now including the distance of Tapajós sequences, are high and may indicate cryptic speciation (more than 7%). As overall similarity in external morphology and pronounced morphologic variation are common events inside the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD211BF10FCDD5DF7DAFEF8DB" authority="(Trueb 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Trueb" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[872,1198,1779,1803]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD211BF10FCDD5DF7DDAFF8DB" box="[872,1023,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Hemiphractus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED211BF10FBAF5DF7DAF6F8DB" author="Trueb L." box="[1050,1190,1779,1803]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref6861" refString="Trueb L. 1974. Systematic relationships of Neotropical horned frogs, genus Hemiphractus (Anura: Hylidae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 29: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1974">Trueb 1974</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, further broader studies and integrative taxonomic revisions may indicate the extent of morphologic and molecular variability of this species and reveal the taxonomic status of these genetically distant lineages.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF426657D210BF11FF385B95DB0BFF30" ID-Table-UUID="DF426657D210BF11FF385B95DB0BFF30" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF426657D210BF11FF385B95DB0BFF30" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" startId="5.[141,197,145,166]" targetBox="[152,1374,258,864]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD210BF11FF385B95DB0BFF30" blockId="5.[141,1395,145,225]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF385B95DEB4FF76" bold="true" box="[141,228,145,166]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphologic measurements (mm) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD210BF11FDC45B95DD04FF77" authority="(Spix, 1824)" box="[625,852,145,167]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDC45B95DD04FF77" box="[625,852,145,167]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens recorded in middle Tapajós River region (highlighted), compared to literature data and other voucher specimens from herpetological collection of Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil (INPA-H). Literature: 
<superScript id="7C489B97D210BF11FD275BCEDC80FF31" attach="right" box="[658,720,202,225]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">aTrueb</superScript>
1974, 
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FCA75BCFDD4EFF30" box="[786,798,203,224]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
= 8 males and 15 females; 
<superScript id="7C489B97D210BF11FB935BCEDAC1FF31" attach="right" box="[1062,1169,202,225]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">bRodríguez</superScript>
and Duellman 1994.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD210BF11FF2D5A06DB78FCB0" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<table id="F93DC47FD21040EBFF2D5A06DB0EFCB0" box="[152,1374,258,864]" gridcols="8" gridrows="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D5A06DB0EFEC6" box="[152,1374,258,278]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D5A06DF7DFEC6" box="[152,301,258,278]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D5A06DF7DFEC6" bold="true" box="[152,301,258,278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Measurements</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED5A06DFEAFEC6" box="[344,442,258,278]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FEED5A06DFEAFEC6" bold="true" box="[344,442,258,278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Literature</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE665A06DC05FEC6" box="[467,597,258,278]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FE665A06DC05FEC6" bold="true" box="[467,597,258,278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">INPA-H38117</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC25A06DC89FEC6" box="[631,729,258,278]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDC25A06DC89FEC6" bold="true" box="[631,729,258,278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Literature</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E5A06DD2EFEC6" box="[763,894,258,278]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FD4E5A06DD2EFEC6" bold="true" box="[763,894,258,278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">INPA-H15399</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC205A06DA48FEC6" box="[917,1048,258,278]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC205A06DA48FEC6" bold="true" box="[917,1048,258,278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">INPA-H15398</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB835A06DAE8FEC6" box="[1078,1208,258,278]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FB835A06DAE8FEC6" bold="true" box="[1078,1208,258,278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">INPA-H38116</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB695A06DB0EFEC6" box="[1244,1374,258,278]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FB695A06DB0EFEC6" bold="true" box="[1244,1374,258,278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">INPA-H38118</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D5A2ADB0EFE92" box="[152,1374,302,322]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED5A2ADFEAFE92" box="[344,442,302,322]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FEC45A2ADFF0FE92" bold="true" box="[369,416,302,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Male</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE665A2ADC05FE92" box="[467,597,302,322]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FE485A2ADC7CFE92" bold="true" box="[509,556,302,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Male</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC25A2ADC89FE92" box="[631,729,302,322]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FD315A2ADC9EFE92" bold="true" box="[644,718,302,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Female</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E5A2ADD2EFE92" box="[763,894,302,322]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FCAD5A2ADD32FE92" bold="true" box="[792,866,302,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Female</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC205A2ADA48FE92" box="[917,1048,302,322]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC075A2ADDACFE92" bold="true" box="[946,1020,302,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Female</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB835A2ADAE8FE92" box="[1078,1208,302,322]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBE75A2ADACCFE92" bold="true" box="[1106,1180,302,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Female</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB695A2ADB0EFE92" box="[1244,1374,302,322]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FB4D5A2ADB12FE92" bold="true" box="[1272,1346,302,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Female</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D5A56DB0EFEB6" box="[152,1374,338,358]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D5A56DF7DFEB6" box="[152,301,338,358]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D5A57DE91FEB6" bold="true" box="[152,193,339,358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">SVL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED5A56DFEAFEB6" box="[344,442,338,358]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">36.9–62a,b</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE665A56DC05FEB6" box="[467,597,338,358]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDB75A57DC77FEB6" bold="true" box="[514,551,339,358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">57.8</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC25A56DC89FEB6" box="[631,729,338,358]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">60.4–81a,b</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E5A56DD2EFEB6" box="[763,894,338,358]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">62.5</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC205A56DA48FEB6" box="[917,1048,338,358]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">73.6</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB835A56DAE8FEB6" box="[1078,1208,338,358]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBD15A57DAD9FEB6" bold="true" box="[1124,1161,339,358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">76.1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB695A56DB0EFEB6" box="[1244,1374,338,358]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FABE5A57DB60FEB6" bold="true" box="[1291,1328,339,358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">61.7</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D5A73DB0EFE5B" box="[152,1374,375,395]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D5A73DF7DFE5B" box="[152,301,375,395]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D5A73DE91FE5A" bold="true" box="[152,193,375,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">FAL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED5A73DFEAFE5B" box="[344,442,375,395]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FE335A7CDFDDFE5B" bold="true" box="[390,397,376,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE665A73DC05FE5B" box="[467,597,375,395]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDB75A73DC77FE5A" bold="true" box="[514,551,375,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">12.7</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC25A73DC89FE5B" box="[631,729,375,395]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E5A73DD2EFE5B" box="[763,894,375,395]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">12.2</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC205A73DA48FE5B" box="[917,1048,375,395]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">15.7</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB835A73DAE8FE5B" box="[1078,1208,375,395]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBD15A73DAD9FE5A" bold="true" box="[1124,1161,375,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">16.4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB695A73DB0EFE5B" box="[1244,1374,375,395]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FABE5A73DB60FE5A" bold="true" box="[1291,1328,375,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">12.9</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D5A9FDB0EFE7F" box="[152,1374,411,431]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D5A9FDF7DFE7F" box="[152,301,411,431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D5A9FDEE8FE7E" bold="true" box="[152,184,411,430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">HA</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED5A9FDFEAFE7F" box="[344,442,411,431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FE335A98DFDDFE7F" bold="true" box="[390,397,412,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE665A9FDC05FE7F" box="[467,597,411,431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDB75A9FDC77FE7E" bold="true" box="[514,551,411,430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">16.3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC25A9FDC89FE7F" box="[631,729,411,431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E5A9FDD2EFE7F" box="[763,894,411,431]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">18</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC205A9FDA48FE7F" box="[917,1048,411,431]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">21.3</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB835A9FDAE8FE7F" box="[1078,1208,411,431]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBD95A9FDAD1FE7E" bold="true" box="[1132,1153,411,430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">19</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB695A9FDB0EFE7F" box="[1244,1374,411,431]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FABE5A9FDB60FE7E" bold="true" box="[1291,1328,411,430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">17.6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D5ABADB0EFE03" box="[152,1374,446,467]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D5ABADF7DFE03" box="[152,301,446,467]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D5AC4DEE4FE03" bold="true" box="[152,180,448,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">TL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED5ABADFEAFE03" box="[344,442,446,467]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">15.5–27.5a</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE665ABADC05FE03" box="[467,597,446,467]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDB75ABBDC77FE02" bold="true" box="[514,551,447,466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">25.1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC25ABADC89FE03" box="[631,729,446,467]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">23.7–38.3a</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E5ABADD2EFE03" box="[763,894,446,467]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">21.2</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC205ABADA48FE03" box="[917,1048,446,467]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">34.5</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB835ABADAE8FE03" box="[1078,1208,446,467]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBD95ABBDAD1FE02" bold="true" box="[1132,1153,447,466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">32</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB695ABADB0EFE03" box="[1244,1374,446,467]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FABE5ABBDB60FE02" bold="true" box="[1291,1328,447,466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">27.6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D5AE7DB0EFE27" box="[152,1374,483,503]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D5AE7DF7DFE27" box="[152,301,483,503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D5AE0DEE3FE27" bold="true" box="[152,179,484,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">FL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED5AE7DFEAFE27" box="[344,442,483,503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FE335AE0DFDDFE27" bold="true" box="[390,397,484,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE665AE7DC05FE27" box="[467,597,483,503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDB75AE7DC77FE26" bold="true" box="[514,551,483,502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">26.2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC25AE7DC89FE27" box="[631,729,483,503]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E5AE7DD2EFE27" box="[763,894,483,503]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">25.5</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC205AE7DA48FE27" box="[917,1048,483,503]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">32</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB835AE7DAE8FE27" box="[1078,1208,483,503]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBD15AE7DAD9FE26" bold="true" box="[1124,1161,483,502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">30.1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB695AE7DB0EFE27" box="[1244,1374,483,503]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FABE5AE7DB60FE26" bold="true" box="[1291,1328,483,502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">26.7</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D5903DB0EFDCB" box="[152,1374,519,539]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D5903DF7DFDCB" box="[152,301,519,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D590CDEE7FDCB" bold="true" box="[152,183,520,539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">HL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED5903DFEAFDCB" box="[344,442,519,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">17.5–30a</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE665903DC05FDCB" box="[467,597,519,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDB7590CDC77FDCB" bold="true" box="[514,551,520,539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">28.3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC25903DC89FDCB" box="[631,729,519,539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">25.7–42.9a</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E5903DD2EFDCB" box="[763,894,519,539]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">29</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC205903DA48FDCB" box="[917,1048,519,539]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">33</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB835903DAE8FDCB" box="[1078,1208,519,539]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBD1590CDAD9FDCB" bold="true" box="[1124,1161,520,539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">36.3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB695903DB0EFDCB" box="[1244,1374,519,539]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FAA6590CDB78FDCB" bold="true" box="[1299,1320,520,539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">31</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D592FDB0EFDEF" box="[152,1374,555,575]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D592FDF7DFDEF" box="[152,301,555,575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D5928DEEEFDEF" bold="true" box="[152,190,556,575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">HW</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED592FDFEAFDEF" box="[344,442,555,575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">20.8–37.5a</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE66592FDC05FDEF" box="[467,597,555,575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDB75928DC77FDEF" bold="true" box="[514,551,556,575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">34.2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC2592FDC89FDEF" box="[631,729,555,575]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">34.4–52.8a</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E592FDD2EFDEF" box="[763,894,555,575]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">36</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC20592FDA48FDEF" box="[917,1048,555,575]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">43.3</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB83592FDAE8FDEF" box="[1078,1208,555,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBD15928DAD9FDEF" bold="true" box="[1124,1161,556,575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">41.6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB69592FDB0EFDEF" box="[1244,1374,555,575]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FABE5928DB60FDEF" bold="true" box="[1291,1328,556,575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">37.5</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D5954DB0EFDB4" box="[152,1374,592,612]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D5954DF7DFDB4" box="[152,301,592,612]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D5954DEE6FDB3" bold="true" box="[152,182,592,611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">ED</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED5954DFEAFDB4" box="[344,442,592,612]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FE335955DFDDFDB4" bold="true" box="[390,397,593,612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE665954DC05FDB4" box="[467,597,592,612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDBA5954DC4AFDB3" bold="true" box="[527,538,592,611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC25954DC89FDB4" box="[631,729,592,612]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E5954DD2EFDB4" box="[763,894,592,612]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">5.6</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC205954DA48FDB4" box="[917,1048,592,612]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">7.3</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB835954DAE8FDB4" box="[1078,1208,592,612]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBC45954DA2CFDB3" bold="true" box="[1137,1148,592,611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">7</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB695954DB0EFDB4" box="[1244,1374,592,612]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FAA55954DB7BFDB3" bold="true" box="[1296,1323,592,611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">5.6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D5970DB0EFD58" box="[152,1374,628,648]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D5970DF7DFD58" box="[152,301,628,648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D5970DEE0FD57" bold="true" box="[152,176,628,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">IN</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED5970DFEAFD58" box="[344,442,628,648]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FE335971DFDDFD58" bold="true" box="[390,397,629,648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE665970DC05FD58" box="[467,597,628,648]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDBA5970DC4AFD57" bold="true" box="[527,538,628,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC25970DC89FD58" box="[631,729,628,648]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E5970DD2EFD58" box="[763,894,628,648]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">3.8</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC205970DA48FD58" box="[917,1048,628,648]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">4.5</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB835970DAE8FD58" box="[1078,1208,628,648]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBDC5970DAD4FD57" bold="true" box="[1129,1156,628,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">4.8</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB695970DB0EFD58" box="[1244,1374,628,648]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FAAD5970DB73FD57" bold="true" box="[1304,1315,628,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">4</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D599CDB0EFD7C" box="[152,1374,664,684]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D599CDF7DFD7C" box="[152,301,664,684]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D599CDEE6FD7B" bold="true" box="[152,182,664,683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">DT</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED599CDFEAFD7C" box="[344,442,664,684]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FE33599DDFDDFD7C" bold="true" box="[390,397,665,684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE66599CDC05FD7C" box="[467,597,664,684]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDB2599CDC72FD7B" bold="true" box="[519,546,664,683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">5.2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC2599CDC89FD7C" box="[631,729,664,684]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E599CDD2EFD7C" box="[763,894,664,684]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">3.3</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC20599CDA48FD7C" box="[917,1048,664,684]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">4.9</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB83599CDAE8FD7C" box="[1078,1208,664,684]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBDC599CDAD4FD7B" bold="true" box="[1129,1156,664,683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">4.7</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB69599CDB0EFD7C" box="[1244,1374,664,684]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FAA5599CDB7BFD7B" bold="true" box="[1296,1323,664,683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">3.7</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D59B8DB0EFD00" box="[152,1374,700,720]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D59B8DF7DFD00" box="[152,301,700,720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D59B8DEE1FD1F" bold="true" box="[152,177,700,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">IO</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED59B8DFEAFD00" box="[344,442,700,720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FE3359B9DFDDFD00" bold="true" box="[390,397,701,720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE6659B8DC05FD00" box="[467,597,700,720]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDB759B8DC77FD1F" bold="true" box="[514,551,700,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">14.6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC259B8DC89FD00" box="[631,729,700,720]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E59B8DD2EFD00" box="[763,894,700,720]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">14.4</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC2059B8DA48FD00" box="[917,1048,700,720]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">17.6</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB8359B8DAE8FD00" box="[1078,1208,700,720]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBD159B8DAD9FD1F" bold="true" box="[1124,1161,700,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">17.8</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB6959B8DB0EFD00" box="[1244,1374,700,720]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FABE59B8DB60FD1F" bold="true" box="[1291,1328,700,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">17.3</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D59E4DB0EFD24" box="[152,1374,736,756]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D59E4DF7DFD24" box="[152,301,736,756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D59E5DE95FD24" bold="true" box="[152,197,737,756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">THL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED59E4DFEAFD24" box="[344,442,736,756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FE3359E5DFDDFD24" bold="true" box="[390,397,737,756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE6659E4DC05FD24" box="[467,597,736,756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDB759E4DC77FD23" bold="true" box="[514,551,736,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">28.2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC259E4DC89FD24" box="[631,729,736,756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">-</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E59E4DD2EFD24" box="[763,894,736,756]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">29.7</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC2059E4DA48FD24" box="[917,1048,736,756]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">38.2</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB8359E4DAE8FD24" box="[1078,1208,736,756]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBD159E4DAD9FD23" bold="true" box="[1124,1161,736,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">34.4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB6959E4DB0EFD24" box="[1244,1374,736,756]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FABE59E4DB60FD23" bold="true" box="[1291,1328,736,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">29.2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D5800DB0EFCC8" box="[152,1374,772,792]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D5800DF7DFCC8" box="[152,301,772,792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D5800DF5BFCC7" bold="true" box="[152,267,772,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">TL/SVL (%)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED5800DFEAFCC8" box="[344,442,772,792]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">42.3–48a</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE665800DC05FCC8" box="[467,597,772,792]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDBF5800DC4FFCC7" bold="true" box="[522,543,772,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">43</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC25800DC89FCC8" box="[631,729,772,792]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">39.3–47.6a</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E5800DD2EFCC8" box="[763,894,772,792]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">34</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC205800DA48FCC8" box="[917,1048,772,792]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">47</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB835800DAE8FCC8" box="[1078,1208,772,792]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBD95800DAD1FCC7" bold="true" box="[1132,1153,772,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">42</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB695800DB0EFCC8" box="[1244,1374,772,792]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FAA65800DB78FCC7" bold="true" box="[1299,1320,772,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">45</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D582CDB0EFCEC" box="[152,1374,808,828]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D582CDF7DFCEC" box="[152,301,808,828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D582DDF5EFCEB" bold="true" box="[152,270,808,828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">HL/SVL (%)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED582CDFEAFCEC" box="[344,442,808,828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">47.6–52.3a</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE66582CDC05FCEC" box="[467,597,808,828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDBF582DDC4FFCEC" bold="true" box="[522,543,809,828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">49</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC2582CDC89FCEC" box="[631,729,808,828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">42.7–53.3a</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E582CDD2EFCEC" box="[763,894,808,828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">46</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC20582CDA48FCEC" box="[917,1048,808,828]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">45</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB83582CDAE8FCEC" box="[1078,1208,808,828]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FBD9582DDAD1FCEC" bold="true" box="[1132,1153,809,828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">48</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB69582CDB0EFCEC" box="[1244,1374,808,828]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FAA6582DDB78FCEC" bold="true" box="[1299,1320,809,828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">50</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFF2D5848DB0EFCB0" box="[152,1374,844,864]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFF2D5848DF7DFCB0" box="[152,301,844,864]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF2D5849DF45FCB0" bold="true" box="[152,277,845,864]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">HW/SVL (%)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFEED5848DFEAFCB0" box="[344,442,844,864]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">56.6–65.5a</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFE665848DC05FCB0" box="[467,597,844,864]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FDBF5849DC4FFCB0" bold="true" box="[522,543,845,864]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">59</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFDC25848DC89FCB0" box="[631,729,844,864]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">57.1–65.7a</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFD4E5848DD2EFCB0" box="[763,894,844,864]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">58</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC205848DA48FCB0" box="[917,1048,844,864]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">59</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB835848DAE8FCB0" box="[1078,1208,844,864]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">55</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB695848DB0EFCB0" box="[1244,1374,844,864]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">61</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD210BF11FF385894DF02FC7C" blockId="5.[141,338,912,940]" box="[141,338,912,940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0CA81B3D210BF11FF385894DF02FC7C" bold="true" box="[141,338,912,940]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF385894DF02FC7C" bold="true" box="[141,338,912,940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Biogeography</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD210BF11FF3858D7DCBAFA7B" blockId="5.[140,748,979,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
After more than 190 years since the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD210BF11FF1C58F0DFF3FBDB" authority="(Spix 1824)" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[169,419,1011,1035]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FF1C58F0DF70FBDB" box="[169,288,1012,1035]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">H. scutatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED210BF11FE9858F7DFCCFBDB" author="Spix JBV" box="[301,412,1011,1035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" refId="ref6776" refString="Spix JBV. 1824. Animalia nova sive Species novae Testudinum et Ranarum quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII - MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae Regis. F. S. Hubschmann, Munchen, Germany. 29 p." type="book" year="1824">Spix 1824</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
we recorded this species in the eastern Amazonia, emphasizing the lack of knowledge about the general biogeographic patterns of Amazonian amphibians, which can be mainly generated by sampling difficulties, especially in cases of secretive species. Large forested regions in the Amazonia remain unexplored and have the potential to harbor new species or expanding species distributions (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED210BF11FEC75FD7DC8EFB3B" author="Azevedo-Ramos C &amp; Galatti U." box="[370,734,1235,1259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" pagination="103 - 111" refId="ref5262" refString="Azevedo-Ramos C, Galatti U. 2002. Patterns of amphibian diversity in Brazilian Amazonia: Conservation implications. Biological Conservation 103 (1): 103 - 111." type="journal article" year="2002">Azevedo-Ramos and Galatti 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, the recognition of broader biogeographic patterns to Amazonian amphibians, as areas of endemism historically recognized in the biome to other vertebrates (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED210BF11FF785E57DF35FABB" author="Cracraft J." box="[205,357,1363,1387]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" pagination="49 - 84" refId="ref5498" refString="Cracraft J. 1985. Historical biogeography and patterns of differentiation within the South American avifauna: Areas of endemism. Ornithological Monographs 36: 49 - 84." type="journal article" year="1985">Cracraft 1985</bibRefCitation>
; Boubli et al. 2014) depends on the continued expansion of the sampling effort and new analitical techniques that is currently being held in the biome.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF426657D210BF11FCA25F95DA9CFB14" ID-Table-UUID="DF426657D210BF11FCA25F95DA9CFB14" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF426657D210BF11FCA25F95DA9CFB14" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" startId="5.[791,847,1169,1190]" targetBox="[801,1299,1249,1956]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD210BF11FCA25F95DA9CFB14" blockId="5.[791,1395,1169,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FCA25F95DD37FB76" bold="true" box="[791,871,1169,1190]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Table 2.</emphasis>
Sequences from GenBank with accession numbers. In bold are sequences generated from this study.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD210BF11FC945FE5DB43F874" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<table id="F93DC47FD21040EBFC945FE5DB43F874" box="[801,1299,1249,1956]" gridcols="2" gridrows="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945FE5DB43FB28" box="[801,1299,1249,1272]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945FE5DA7EFB28" box="[801,1070,1249,1272]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Taxon</th>
<th id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115FE5DB43FB28" box="[1188,1299,1249,1272]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FB735FE5DAA1FB28" bold="true" box="[1222,1265,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">16S</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945E0CDB43FACE" box="[801,1299,1288,1310]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945E0CDA7EFACE" box="[801,1070,1288,1310]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus bubalus</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115E0CDB43FACE" box="[1188,1299,1288,1310]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">DQ679412</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945E2ADB43FA94" box="[801,1299,1326,1348]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945E2ADA7EFA94" box="[801,1070,1326,1348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945E2ADA54FA93" box="[801,1028,1326,1347]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus fasciatus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115E2ADB43FA94" box="[1188,1299,1326,1348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">KC014899</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945E50DB43FAB9" box="[801,1299,1364,1385]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945E50DA7EFAB9" box="[801,1070,1364,1385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945E50DA54FAB9" box="[801,1028,1364,1385]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus fasciatus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115E50DB43FAB9" box="[1188,1299,1364,1385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">KC014900</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945E7EDB43FA40" box="[801,1299,1402,1424]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945E7EDA7EFA40" box="[801,1070,1402,1424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945E7EDA54FA5F" box="[801,1028,1402,1423]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus fasciatus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115E7EDB43FA40" box="[1188,1299,1402,1424]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">KC129336</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945EA4DB43FA65" box="[801,1299,1440,1461]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945EA4DA7EFA65" box="[801,1070,1440,1461]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945EA4DA54FA65" box="[801,1028,1440,1461]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus fasciatus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115EA4DB43FA65" box="[1188,1299,1440,1461]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">KC129337</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945EC2DB43FA0B" box="[801,1299,1478,1499]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945EC2DA7EFA0B" box="[801,1070,1478,1499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945EC2DA54FA0B" box="[801,1028,1478,1499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus fasciatus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115EC2DB43FA0B" box="[1188,1299,1478,1499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">KC129338</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945EE8DB43F9D1" box="[801,1299,1516,1537]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945EE8DA7EF9D1" box="[801,1070,1516,1537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945EE8DA54F9D1" box="[801,1028,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus fasciatus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115EE8DB43F9D1" box="[1188,1299,1516,1537]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">KC129339</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945D16DB43F9F7" box="[801,1299,1554,1575]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945D16DA7EF9F7" box="[801,1070,1554,1575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945D16DA54F9F7" box="[801,1028,1554,1575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus fasciatus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115D16DB43F9F7" box="[1188,1299,1554,1575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">KC129340</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945D3CDB43F99D" box="[801,1299,1592,1613]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945D3CDA7EF99D" box="[801,1070,1592,1613]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945D3CDA54F99D" box="[801,1028,1592,1613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus fasciatus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115D3CDB43F99D" box="[1188,1299,1592,1613]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">KC129341</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945D5ADB43F9A3" box="[801,1299,1630,1651]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945D5ADA7EF9A3" box="[801,1070,1630,1651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945D5ADA54F9A3" box="[801,1028,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus fasciatus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115D5ADB43F9A3" box="[1188,1299,1630,1651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">KC129342</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945D80DB43F949" box="[801,1299,1668,1689]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945D80DA7EF949" box="[801,1070,1668,1689]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945D80DA54F949" box="[801,1028,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus fasciatus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115D80DB43F949" box="[1188,1299,1668,1689]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">KC129343</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945DAEDB43F910" box="[801,1299,1706,1728]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945DAEDA7EF910" box="[801,1070,1706,1728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945DAEDDB6F96F" box="[801,998,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus helioi</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115DAEDB43F910" box="[1188,1299,1706,1728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">AY843594</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945DD4DB43F935" box="[801,1299,1744,1765]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945DD4DA7EF935" box="[801,1070,1744,1765]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945DD4DDB6F935" box="[801,998,1744,1765]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus helioi</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115DD4DB43F935" box="[1188,1299,1744,1765]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">KR270431</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945DF2DB43F8DC" box="[801,1299,1782,1804]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945DF2DA7EF8DC" box="[801,1070,1782,1804]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945DF2DA7EF8DB" box="[801,1070,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus proboscideus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115DF2DB43F8DC" box="[1188,1299,1782,1804]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">DQ679413</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945C18DB43F8E2" box="[801,1299,1820,1842]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945C18DA7EF8E2" box="[801,1070,1820,1842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945C18DDAEF8E2" box="[801,1022,1820,1842]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus scutatus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115C18DB43F8E2" box="[1188,1299,1820,1842]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">DQ679414</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945C46DB43F888" box="[801,1299,1858,1880]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945C46DA7EF888" box="[801,1070,1858,1880]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945C46DDAEF888" box="[801,1022,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus scutatus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115C46DB43F888" box="[1188,1299,1858,1880]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">KR270432</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945C6CDB43F8AE" box="[801,1299,1896,1918]" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945C6CDA7EF8AE" box="[801,1070,1896,1918]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945C6CDDAEF8AE" box="[801,1022,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus scutatus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115C6CDB43F8AE" box="[1188,1299,1896,1918]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FB115C6CDA9DF8AE" bold="true" box="[1188,1229,1896,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">MG</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FB795C6CDB43F8AE" bold="true" box="[1228,1299,1896,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">011478</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D349DD21040EBFC945C8ADB43F874" box="[801,1299,1934,1956]" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFC945C8ADA7EF874" box="[801,1070,1934,1956]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FC945C8ADDAEF874" box="[801,1022,1934,1956]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Hemiphractus scutatus</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DC5DE1D21040EBFB115C8ADB43F874" box="[1188,1299,1934,1956]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FB115C8ADA9DF874" bold="true" box="[1188,1229,1934,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">MG</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FB795C8ADB43F874" bold="true" box="[1228,1299,1934,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">011479</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD210BF11FF185EB7DC9DF8FB" blockId="5.[140,748,979,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
Our new records for 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD210BF11FE205EB0DC5FFA1B" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[405,527,1460,1483]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FE205EB0DC5FFA1B" box="[405,527,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">H. scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bring new information to a biogeographic idea historically recognized on the low representation of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD210BF11FE065EF7DC0DF9DB" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1862" box="[435,605,1523,1547]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hemiphractidae</taxonomicName>
in the eastern Amazonia, probably due to increased seasonality in this region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED210BF11FEB85D37DFEBF99B" author="Sombroek W." box="[269,443,1587,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" pagination="388 - 396" refId="ref6676" refString="Sombroek W. 2001. Spatial and temporal patterns of Amazon rainfall - Consequences for the planning of agricultural occupation and the protection of primary forests. Ambio 30: 388 - 396." type="journal article" year="2001">Sombroek 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED210BF11FE715D37DC3DF99B" author="Duellman WE" box="[452,621,1587,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" refId="ref5690" refString="Duellman WE. 2015. Marsupial Frogs. Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 432 p." type="book" year="2015">Duellman 2015</bibRefCitation>
). Species of this family that have greater environmental plasticity, as appears to be the case of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD210BF11FE115D70DC4DF95B" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[420,541,1652,1675]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FE115D70DC4DF95B" box="[420,541,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">H. scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the species of the genus with the widest known geographic and elevational range) may reach the preserved forests in this region and establish viable populations, although in less abundance in relation to the more climatically constant (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED210BF11FDC55DF7DE95F8FB" author="Wang Y &amp; Cruz FW &amp; Dorale JA &amp; Chiang HW" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" pagination="204 - 207" refId="ref7036" refString="Wang Y, Cruz FW, Dorale JA, Chiang HW. 2017. Hydroclimate changes across the Amazon lowlands over the past 45,000 years. Nature 541: 204 - 207." type="journal article" year="2017">Wang et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
) and humid environments of western Amazonia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD210BF12FF185C37DC8DFB28" blockId="5.[140,748,979,1963]" lastBlockId="6.[141,745,1216,1273]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
Regarding elevational occurrence, although 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD210BF11FD3D5C30DEFCF8BB" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD210BF11FD3D5C30DEFCF8BB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">H. scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has already been recorded in high elevations at the Andean mountain range (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED210BF11FE2A5C77DC4EF85B" author="GBIF" box="[415,542,1907,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" refId="ref5836" refString="GBIF. 2017. Hemiphractus scutatus (Spix, 1824) species page. Available: http: // www. gbif. org / species / 2429986 [Accessed: 03 May 2017]." type="url" year="2017">GBIF 2017</bibRefCitation>
), a greater number of individuals is known for the Amazonian lowlands, and 67% of 77 published localities of occurrence are below 
<quantity id="4CC59B3AD210BF11FCAC58B4DD32FC18" box="[793,866,944,968]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
asl (
<figureCitation id="13062A5AD210BF11FC2A58B4DDB5FC18" box="[927,997,944,968]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[791,826,775,797]" captionTargetBox="[791,1395,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-498@4.[791,1395,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Variation in number of individuals of Hemiphractus scutatus recorded along its known elevational range (60–3,300 m above mean sea level). The specimens from middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, Brazil are recorded among the lowest known elevation for the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11246283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). This wide elevational range reinforce the high environmental plasticity, as the life-history strategies of amphibian populations in high and lowlands may drastically differ (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED210BF11FBE75F14DB38FBF8" author="Morrison C &amp; Hero JM" box="[1106,1384,1040,1064]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" pagination="270 - 279" refId="ref6180" refString="Morrison C, Hero JM. 2003. Geographic variation in life-history characteristics of amphibians: A review. Journal of Animal Ecology 72: 270 - 279." type="journal article" year="2003">Morrison and Hero 2003</bibRefCitation>
). The knowledge on the drivers of elevational variation in the distribution of Amazonian amphibians is still incipient (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED213BF12FF085FC4DF82FB08" author="Siqueira CC &amp; Rocha CFD" box="[189,466,1216,1240]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" pagination="282 - 302" refId="ref6644" refString="Siqueira CC, Rocha CFD. 2013. Altitudinal gradients: concepts and implications on the biology, the distribution and conservation of Anurans. Oecologia Australis 17: 282 - 302" type="journal article" year="2013">Siqueira and Rocha 2013</bibRefCitation>
) and the 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD213BF12FD8E5FC5DCE4FB08" box="[571,692,1217,1240]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD213BF12FD8E5FC5DCE4FB08" box="[571,692,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">H. scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be a target taxon for future studies testing this gradient.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF426657D213BF12FF385F4FDA7DFB4B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246289" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11246289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11246289/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" startId="6.[141,176,1099,1121]" targetBox="[239,1330,167,1075]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD213BF12FF385F4FDA7DFB4B" blockId="6.[140,1395,1099,1179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD213BF12FF385F4FDE9CFBB0" bold="true" box="[141,204,1099,1121]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD213BF12FDD65F4FDCBBFBB0" authority="Wagler, 1828" box="[611,747,1099,1120]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD213BF12FDD65F4FDCBBFBB0" box="[611,747,1099,1120]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Hemiphractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species based in a fragment of the 
<emphasis id="B949EACDD213BF12FB805F4FDA09FBB0" box="[1077,1113,1099,1120]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">16S</emphasis>
mtDNA gene, with GenBank accession numbers. Only bootstrap values&gt;80% are shown (5,000 replicates). For 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD213BF12FC195F6CDAD9FBAE" authority="(Spix, 1824)" box="[940,1161,1128,1150]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD213BF12FC195F6CDAD9FBAE" box="[940,1161,1128,1150]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Hemiphractus scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sample localities are in parentheses and specimens from middle Tapajós River region, Pará State, Brazil are highlighted.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3276554D213BF12FF385E19DB07F9C8" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD213BF12FF385E19DF18FAE9" blockId="6.[141,328,1309,1337]" box="[141,328,1309,1337]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD213BF12FF385E19DF18FAE9" bold="true" box="[141,328,1309,1337]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Conservation</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD213BF12FF385E64DF13F928" blockId="6.[140,746,1376,1945]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD213BF12FF385E64DFDAFAA8" ID-CoL="3KRS7" authority="(Spix, 1824)" box="[141,394,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD213BF12FF385E64DFDAFAA8" box="[141,394,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Hemiphractus scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered as “Least Concern” by IUCN due to its wide distribution and presumably large and stable populations (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED213BF12FDB35EA4DC8EFA68" author="Coloma LA &amp; Ron S &amp; Azevedo-Ramos C." box="[518,734,1440,1464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" pagination="11299534" refId="ref5623" refString="Coloma LA, Ron S, Azevedo-Ramos C. 2004. Hemiphractus scutatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004: e. T 55371 A 11299534." type="journal article" year="2004">Coloma et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
). However, this species is rarely recorded and have poorly known population dynamics to define its conservation status, that can even vary along its wide geographic and elevational range. As the Amazon region has suffered increasing anthropic impact through the advance of cities and highways, forests fragmentation and habitat loss (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED213BF12FF735D84DF21F948" author="Fearnside PM" box="[198,369,1664,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" pagination="426 - 439" refId="ref5753" refString="Fearnside PM. 2015. Amazon dams and waterways: Brazil's Tapajos basin plans. Ambio 44 (5): 426 - 439." type="journal article" year="2015">Fearnside 2015</bibRefCitation>
), the 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD213BF12FE1A5D85DC78F948" ID-CoL="3KRS7" box="[431,552,1665,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD213BF12FE1A5D85DC78F948" box="[431,552,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">H. scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have declining populations in most of its distribution, since they are dependents of undisturbed forests (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED213BF12FDF35DC4DF67F928" author="Rodriguez LO &amp; Duellman WE" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" refId="ref6482" refString="Rodriguez LO, Duellman WE. 1994. Guide to the Frogs of the Iquitos Region, Amazonian Peru. Peruvian Field Guides Series No Sp 22 (Book 22). Asociacion de Ecologia y Conservacion, Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research and Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA. 89 p." type="book" year="1994">Rodríguez and Duellman 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236DFD213BF12FF185C04DB07F9C8" blockId="6.[140,746,1376,1945]" lastBlockId="6.[790,1396,1216,1561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
The specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD213BF12FEC85C05DFA8F8C8" ID-CoL="3KRS7" box="[381,504,1793,1816]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD213BF12FEC85C05DFA8F8C8" box="[381,504,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">H. scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from middle Tapajós River region may represent a unique population, recorded near and within a federal conservation unit (Parque Nacional da Amazônia), same pattern already described for Peruvian populations (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED213BF12FE165C84DC2CF848" author="von May R &amp; Siu-Ting K &amp; Jacob JM &amp; Muller MM &amp; Gagliardi G &amp; Rodriguez LO &amp; Donnelly MA" box="[419,636,1920,1945]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" pagination="14 - 29" refId="ref6965" refString="von May R, Siu-Ting K, Jacob JM, Muller MM, Gagliardi G, Rodriguez LO, Donnelly MA. 2009. Species diversity and conservation status of amphibians in Madre de Dios, southern Peru. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 4 (1): 14 - 29." type="journal article" year="2009">von May et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
), reinforcing the need to maintain large protected forest areas in the Amazonia and adequate land-use on the unprotected (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED213BF12FCAA5E04DA58FAC8" author="Laurance WF &amp; Cochrane MA &amp; Bergen S &amp; Fearnside PM &amp; Delamonica P &amp; Barber C &amp; D'Angelo S &amp; Fernandes T." box="[799,1032,1280,1304]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" pagination="438 - 439" refId="ref6071" refString="Laurance WF, Cochrane MA, Bergen S, Fearnside PM, Delamonica P, Barber C, D'Angelo S, Fernandes T. 2001. The future of the Brazilian Amazon. Science 291: 438 - 439." type="journal article" year="2001">Laurance et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
). In addition to these threats, the biome has been target of dam construction in its larger rivers (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED213BF12FCDD5E44DA3AFA88" author="Latrubesse EM &amp; Arima EY &amp; Dunne T &amp; Park E &amp; Baker VR &amp; d'Horta FM &amp; Wight C &amp; Wittmann F &amp; Zuanon J &amp; Baker PA &amp; Ribas CC &amp; Norgaard RB &amp; Filizola N &amp; Ansar A &amp; Flyvbjerg B &amp; Stevaux JC" box="[872,1130,1344,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" pagination="363 - 369" refId="ref6006" refString="Latrubesse EM, Arima EY, Dunne T, Park E, Baker VR, d'Horta FM, Wight C, Wittmann F, Zuanon J, Baker PA, Ribas CC, Norgaard RB, Filizola N, Ansar A, Flyvbjerg B, Stevaux JC. 2017. Damming the rivers of the Amazon basin. Nature 546: 363 - 369." type="journal article" year="2017">Latrubesse et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
), which can negatively affect the biodiversity of the surrounding forests (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED213BF12FA945E64DDC0FA48" author="Moraes LJCL &amp; Pavan D &amp; Barros MC &amp; Ribas CC" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" pagination="11" refId="ref6209" refString="Moraes LJCL, Pavan D, Barros MC, Ribas CC. 2016. The combined influence of riverine barriers and flooding gradients on biogeographical patterns for amphibians and squamates in south-eastern Amazonia. Journal of Biogeography 43 (11): 2,113 - 2,124." type="journal article" year="2016">Moraes et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). The population of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D5CD213BF12FBC15E85DABFFA48" ID-CoL="3KRS7" box="[1140,1263,1409,1432]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Hemiphractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scutatus">
<emphasis id="B949EACDD213BF12FBC15E85DABFFA48" box="[1140,1263,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">H. scutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Tapajós River is in the region affected by the construction of a large hydroelectric plant, part of a complex planned for the basin (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B2ED213BF12FC3C5EE4DA65FA28" author="Fearnside PM" box="[905,1077,1504,1528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" pagination="426 - 439" refId="ref5753" refString="Fearnside PM. 2015. Amazon dams and waterways: Brazil's Tapajos basin plans. Ambio 44 (5): 426 - 439." type="journal article" year="2015">Fearnside 2015</bibRefCitation>
), thus the implementation of this project may affect the viability of this population.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>