260 lines
30 KiB
XML
260 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="98E21B387966D34B4E6ADDE4E0B28F98" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4018.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="76005db3-918f-40a0-831b-a0d9af3a57ac" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238185" ID-ZooBank="16A1C3C4-D996-4576-A882-E9EE37BE137D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461252821354" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sáfián, Szabolcs & Collins, Steve C." docDate="2015" docId="0E23150FFF83FFEF00FEFF75658AFCFD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04018p136.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4018 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parasiomera Safian & Collins, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="127" masterDocId="F21A6D77FF81FFEC0069FFA8666BFFE8" masterDocTitle="Establishment of a new genus for Eresiomera paradoxa (Schultze, 1917) and related taxa (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="136" masterPageNumber="124" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1698607639263" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="5DD112010FAAF69C7C3A1520191D306A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D9FBD0A81088FEDB72A56821FF7A6DB9">
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<mods:title id="74E9DD3F52A82F5DA16FBDE7C4ACFC7E">Establishment of a new genus for Eresiomera paradoxa (Schultze, 1917) and related taxa (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F7D2FFE91058BE7BF3CCA3A48DDC6EE4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="37C28CBB6B77F1BB49B313D6C0DE20A4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="ED2128955A3D3ED52A85E67A873FA0AF">Sáfián, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="49C43386F4739013AD6190702F59D58D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="82275400BE6E38882EDA89EE4B657917">
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<mods:roleTerm id="62CD45F31E38F658CD5DDF026361440A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F6A47EE88B625583E2896E592F6593C2">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4DE5D6D5D2F26C1698CD910A2F2E6536">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="2D2E090AFDF8E05B45BBCF2D525DFF7B">
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<mods:title id="C7B6FB99C1AB31E3AF702E4E8215951A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="CFE1022CB5D7C719C7A1A28E2C8455F5">
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<mods:date id="2529AA80482D953E5FB281FE6A33E166">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C244423A336B40002B1A8D567A15B599" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DCF1429C7B3ECBC652117C326E14D3BE">4018</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="7C8A6112030CEFE08BCD83515899D91F" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C8D75AACB81970A16E62EB3AC11F4227">1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="55AF72E11CCE358D998D93B90F445CB0" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="DB698854400E640A00F58EF36CD70726">124</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="1F439465D0DBA34BE1A8D52158D2BA58">136</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="4A1A64B90BC5D264DDE57027C64B83FA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8F306023B4D9E5BB517264892BC28840" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4018.1.7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CFDF32812E10554730170B9058575910" type="GBIF-Dataset">76005db3-918f-40a0-831b-a0d9af3a57ac</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DC694D78FF6C814DA6FB888C3DDCF1A6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0D434636D351B79248F0817F1FB76DC0" type="Zenodo-Dep">238185</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="339A3A8DFEC10F32C4FF49BBC016A399" type="ZooBank">16A1C3C4-D996-4576-A882-E9EE37BE137D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0E23150FFF83FFEF00FEFF75658AFCFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6116372" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119635861" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6116372" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E23150FFF83FFEF00FEFF75658AFCFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E23150FFF83FFEF00FEFF75658AFCFD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">
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<subSubSection id="CE90F792FF83FFEE00FEFF75642AFEF0" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8635A419FF83FFEE00FEFF756416FF1F" blockId="2.[151,637,221,280]" box="[151,637,221,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">
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<heading id="DD7D1375FF83FFEE00FEFF756416FF1F" bold="true" box="[151,637,221,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE00FEFF756416FF1F" bold="true" box="[151,637,221,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF83FFEE00FEFF756463FF1F" authority="Safian & Collins" authorityName="Safian & Collins" box="[151,520,221,247]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE00FEFF756759FF1F" bold="true" box="[151,306,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">Parasiomera</emphasis>
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Sáfián & Collins
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFCDC570FF83FFEE0266FF756416FF1F" box="[527,637,221,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8635A419FF83FFEE00FEFEA8642AFEF0" blockId="2.[151,637,221,280]" box="[151,577,255,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1EB1B89CFF83FFEE00F6FEA86691FEF0" box="[159,250,256,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,853,875]" captionTargetBox="[225,1384,250,751]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,829]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. The only existing female syntype (designated as lectotype below) of Eresiomera paradoxa (Schultze, 1917) (Aupperside, B—underside) in the Museum für Naturkunde (Natural History Musem), Berlin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238186/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">FIGS. 1</figureCitation>
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; 2A,B,C,D; 3A,D; 4; 5; 6, 7)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE90F792FF83FFEE00FEFEE064DAFEB6" box="[151,689,328,350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8635A419FF83FFEE00FEFEE064DAFEB6" blockId="2.[151,689,328,350]" box="[151,689,328,350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE00FEFEE0674EFEB6" bold="true" box="[151,293,328,350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">
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<typeStatus id="59311ABBFF83FFEE00FEFEE066A7FEB6" box="[151,204,328,350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF83FFEE0142FEE064C5FEB6" authority="Schultze, 1917" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1917" box="[299,686,328,350]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseuderesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxa">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE0142FEE06466FEB6" box="[299,525,328,350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">Pseuderesia paradoxa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E21BD9E8FF83FFEE027DFEE064C5FEB6" author="Schultze" box="[532,686,328,350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" refString="Schultze, A. (1917) Weitere neue Rhopaloceren aus Ausbeute der II. Inner Afrika Expedition des Herzogs Adolf Friedrich zu Mecklenburg. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 82 (3), 34 - 39." type="journal article" year="1917">Schultze, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE90F792FF83FFEE00FEFE22633FFC9F" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8635A419FF83FFEE00FEFE22636AFD77" blockId="2.[151,1437,394,887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE00FEFE226742FE4B" bold="true" box="[151,297,394,419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">Description.</emphasis>
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Forewing length: Wingspan:
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<quantity id="417209FCFF83FFEE0210FE22649DFE4A" box="[633,758,394,419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="25.0">25–28 mm</quantity>
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. The upperside ground colour is deep fiery orange or bright orange, with black apex and outer margin on the forewing. The width of the black margin is variable but it tapers down towards the tornus and along to costa. The hindwing also has a black border between the apex and the tornus and a black band or black scaling along the inner margin. The underside is uniformic paler orange with a narrow, black marginal line framing both wings, the line along the forewing costa has a few small black spots. Black dusting appears all over the underside more densely along the forewing costa and the sub-marginal area of both wings. The dorsal side of the body is orange and brown, whereas the ventral side is pale orange. The legs and the antennae are black ringed with white. The eyes are dark chocolate brown or black, large and smooth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8635A419FF83FFEE00AEFD02633FFC9F" blockId="2.[151,1437,394,887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE00AEFD026757FD2B" bold="true" box="[199,316,682,707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">Genitalia.</emphasis>
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The general appearence of the genitalic armature is unique, placing the genus near
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF83FFEE048DFD036307FD2B" box="[1252,1388,683,707]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseuderesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE048DFD036307FD2B" box="[1252,1388,683,707]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">Pseuderesia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF83FFEE00FEFD676772FD0E" box="[151,281,719,742]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE00FEFD676772FD0E" box="[151,281,719,742]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">Eresiomera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The tegumen is shield-shaped, resembling an irregular hexagon from anteroposterior view. The uncus is not bifid, the sub-unci missing and the valvae are paralelogram-shaped. The aedeagus is of unique shape, branching and the dorsal projection is rather weakly sclerotised. Its distal end is strongly recurved (
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<figureCitation id="1EB1B89CFF83FFEE049BFCBE6354FCC7" box="[1266,1343,790,815]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1570,1592]" captionTargetBox="[199,1403,886,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1434,844,1547]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of male genitalic armature between Parasiomera, Pseuderesia and Eresiomera: P. pa r ad ox a (lectotype) A—valvae (caudal view), D—aedeagus (lateral view); P. eleaza B—valvae (caudal view), E—aedeagus (lateral view); E. bicolor C—valvae (caudal view), F—aedeagus (lateral view) (the latter two were re-drawn from Stempffer’s original (1967) where no scale was included)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238188/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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A,D, 6). Female genitalia are rather simple with medium sized, slightly oval bursa copulatrix, broad ductus bursae, rather strongly sclerotised rounded lamellae, broad papillae analis and short, gently curving apophyses posteriores.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="D2F5F491FF83FFEE00FEF9506291F882" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238187/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" targetBox="[186,1402,977,1728]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8635A419FF83FFEE00FEF9506291F882" blockId="2.[151,1436,1784,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE00FEF9506773F8E6" bold="true" box="[151,280,1784,1806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Adults:
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF83FFEE0113F9516400F8E6" box="[378,619,1784,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxa">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE0113F9516400F8E6" box="[378,619,1784,1806]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">Parasiomera paradoxa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male (Ebogo, Cameroon) A—upperside, B—underside;
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE04A5F9526322F8E7" box="[1228,1353,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">P. p ar a do x a</emphasis>
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female (Ebogo, Cameroon) C—upperside, D—underside;
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF83FFEE02F2F8BF6536F8C5" box="[667,861,1815,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseuderesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleaza">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE02F2F8BF6536F8C5" box="[667,861,1815,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">Pseuderesia eleaza</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male (Pobé Forest, Benin) E—upperside, F—underside;
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF83FFEE00FEF89D6731F8A3" box="[151,346,1845,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseuderesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleaza">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE00FEF89D6731F8A3" box="[151,346,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">Pseuderesia eleaza</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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female (Pobé Forest, Benin) G—upperside, H—underside;
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF83FFEE03ABF89F62ECF8A3" box="[962,1159,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE03ABF89F62ECF8A3" box="[962,1159,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">Eresiomera bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male (Pobé Forest, Benin) I—upperside, J—underside and
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF83FFEE01B7F8FD64C8F882" box="[478,675,1876,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE01B7F8FD64C8F882" box="[478,675,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">Eresiomera bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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female (Pobé Forest, Benin) K—upperside, L—underside.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="CE90F792FF83FFEF00AEF83F62DBFD24" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="2" pageNumber="126" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8635A419FF83FFEF00AEF83F6318FE44" blockId="2.[151,1436,1943,2004]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF83FFEE00AEF83F672AF858" bold="true" box="[199,321,1943,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="126">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The uniformic bright or fiery orange upperside ground colour with the black margins on both wings, the uniformic pale orange or deep ochreous yellow underside with the fine black marginal line are highly diagnostic to
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF015CFF3067ACFF47" box="[309,455,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF015CFF3067ACFF47" box="[309,455,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Parasiomera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Although all species in both
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF0347FF3065DBFF47" box="[814,944,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF0347FF3065DBFF47" box="[814,944,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Eresiomera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF0387FF30621DFF58" box="[1006,1142,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseuderesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF0387FF30621DFF58" box="[1006,1142,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Pseuderesia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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carry orange colour to a variable extent, they are dominated by darker brown or blackish colour either on one or both surface or show heavy brown spotting on the upperside. The hindwing underside is distinctively multicoloured in
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF04F2FF486348FF10" box="[1179,1315,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseuderesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF04F2FF486348FF10" box="[1179,1315,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Pseuderesia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, including black spotting, while the hindwings in
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF020DFEAD648DFEF4" box="[612,742,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF020DFEAD648DFEF4" box="[612,742,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Eresiomera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are usually dark or chocolate brown with orange spotting. Similarly to
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF0140FE8067C0FED7" box="[297,427,296,319]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF0140FE8067C0FED7" box="[297,427,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Eresiomera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the wings are rather rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF035BFE8065AFFED7" box="[818,964,296,319]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF035BFE8065AFFED7" box="[818,964,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Parasiomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while both sexes have rather prolonged wingshape in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF015BFEE467D1FE8C" box="[306,442,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseuderesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF015BFEE467D1FE8C" box="[306,442,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Pseuderesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The wingshape in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF02FCFEE5657CFE8C" box="[661,791,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF02FCFEE5657CFE8C" box="[661,791,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Eresiomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are short and distinctively broad. Moreover
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF0563FEE563F7FE8C" box="[1290,1436,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF0563FEE563F7FE8C" box="[1290,1436,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Parasiomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not show strong sexual dimorphisum, with only minor differences in the extent and width of black margin on both wings, whereas all taxa in the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF02A2FE3D6526FE44" box="[715,845,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF02A2FE3D6526FE44" box="[715,845,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Eresiomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF03EAFE3C6260FE44" box="[899,1035,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseuderesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF03EAFE3C6260FE44" box="[899,1035,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Pseuderesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are strongly dimorphic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EB1B89CFF82FFEF0549FE3C630DFE44" box="[1312,1382,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,977,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,942,1760]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adults: Parasiomera paradoxa male (Ebogo, Cameroon) A—upperside, B—underside; P. p ar a do x a female (Ebogo, Cameroon) C—upperside, D—underside; Pseuderesia eleaza male (Pobé Forest, Benin) E—upperside, F—underside; Pseuderesia eleaza female (Pobé Forest, Benin) G—upperside, H—underside; Eresiomera bicolor male (Pobé Forest, Benin) I—upperside, J—underside and Eresiomera bicolor female (Pobé Forest, Benin) K—upperside, L—underside." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238187/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8635A419FF82FFEF00AEFE1F62DBFD24" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">
|
||
The male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF01D7FE10643AFE27" box="[446,593,440,463]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF01D7FE10643AFE27" box="[446,593,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Parasiomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also show consistent differences compared to its sister genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF057DFE1063F7FE38" box="[1300,1436,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseuderesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF057DFE1063F7FE38" box="[1300,1436,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Pseuderesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF00A3FE756727FE1C" box="[202,332,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF00A3FE756727FE1C" box="[202,332,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Eresiomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The valvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF0263FE7564F6FE1C" box="[522,669,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF0263FE7564F6FE1C" box="[522,669,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Parasiomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack the long hook-like terminal projection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF04AFFE746325FE1C" box="[1222,1358,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pseuderesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF04AFFE746325FE1C" box="[1222,1358,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Pseuderesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(more variable in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF017EFDA867F2FDFF" box="[279,409,512,535]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF017EFDA867F2FDFF" box="[279,409,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Eresiomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also missing in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF02EAFDA964BBFDFF" box="[643,720,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF02EAFDA964BBFDFF" box="[643,720,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">E. isca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E21BD9E8FF82FFEF02B6FE5765FEFDF0" author="Stempffer" box="[735,917,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" refString="Stempffer, H. (1967) The genera of the African Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 332 pp." type="book" year="1967">Stempffer 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while the shape of the aedeagi in all species are consistently different from those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF020AFD8D648EFDD4" box="[611,741,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF020AFD8D648EFDD4" box="[611,741,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Eresiomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, placing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF033AFD8D658EFDD4" box="[851,997,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF033AFD8D658EFDD4" box="[851,997,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Parasiomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
right next to the two genera (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EB1B89CFF82FFEF052FFD8C63E6FDD4" box="[1350,1421,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1570,1592]" captionTargetBox="[199,1403,886,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1434,844,1547]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of male genitalic armature between Parasiomera, Pseuderesia and Eresiomera: P. pa r ad ox a (lectotype) A—valvae (caudal view), D—aedeagus (lateral view); P. eleaza B—valvae (caudal view), E—aedeagus (lateral view); E. bicolor C—valvae (caudal view), F—aedeagus (lateral view) (the latter two were re-drawn from Stempffer’s original (1967) where no scale was included)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238188/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E21BD9E8FF82FFEF00FEFDEF6732FD88" author="Stempffer" box="[151,345,583,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" refString="Stempffer H. (1961) Contribution a l'etude des Lepidopteres Lycaenidae de l'Afrique equatoriale. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences Zoologiques. 94, 72 p. + 4 plates." type="book" year="1961">Stempffer (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also refers that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF027BFDE164F0FD88" box="[530,667,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF027BFDE164F0FD88" box="[530,667,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">P. paradoxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be an orange species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF041DFDE06294FD88" box="[1140,1279,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Citrinophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF041DFDE06294FD88" box="[1140,1279,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Citrinophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but from the genitalic structure they look more distant. The valvae of all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF0323FDC465BEFD6C" box="[842,981,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Citrinophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF0323FDC465BEFD6C" box="[842,981,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Citrinophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are narrower and more elongated, their uncus is also significantly narrower in the anteroposterior view and are bifid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E21BD9E8FF82FFEF0461FD2762D6FD40" author="Stempffer" box="[1032,1213,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" refString="Stempffer, H. (1967) The genera of the African Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 332 pp." type="book" year="1967">Stempffer 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further species of all genera are illustrated on high quality colour images in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E21BD9E8FF82FFEF0377FD1D65D7FD25" author="Larsen" box="[798,956,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Stenstrup. 865 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E21BD9E8FF82FFEF039BFD1C62C7FD24" box="[1010,1196,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" refString="d'Abrera, B. (2009) Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region Part III Lycaenidae, Riodinidae. Hill House Publishers, Melbourne & London. 531 - 880." type="book chapter">d’Abrera (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CE90F792FF82FFEF00AEFD7F658AFCFD" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8635A419FF82FFEF00AEFD7F658AFCFD" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF00AEFD7F6725FD18" bold="true" box="[199,334,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Noun. Feminine. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF02F5FD706545FD07" box="[668,814,728,751]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF02F5FD706545FD07" box="[668,814,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Parasiomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from the generic name of their supposedly most closely related genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF82FFEF01AFFD556423FCFC" box="[454,584,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF82FFEF01AFFD556423FCFC" box="[454,584,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Eresiomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with reference to their resemblence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |