349 lines
36 KiB
XML
349 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E7CB5C1B0359C65954A3E15D44568ED3">Revision of Pazala Moore, 1888: The Graphium (Pazala) alebion and G. (P.) tamerlanus Groups, with Notes on Taxonomic and Distribution Confusions (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6228D1F8BF8FF885B5178D0EAAB2B0E0">Zhang, Hui-Hong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0B37D74A79437164A8C49523918A2727">Cotton, Adam M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EC0540877BE85473BCF6F195F44AE00A">Condamine, Fabien L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FB2345161C8C3334AE5ACCD45756E9FB">Hsu, Yu-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F602FB3871EF558F7FBEB3EAE67814D">Duan, Kuang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CC050318F6B8C877191523C40D1E3BE9">Zhang, Xin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5C6EECE755599D368B08B19869726E1E">Hu, Shao-Ji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C928ED7E0C37A796D76BA03F2F0E90B7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="498D5F13B87C4FCE66C9A63F694B9A81">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ED888932C086AA1CDAA6870E34867908">4759</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03958782FFE4A24BFF3EF9FDFAD0A954" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3811891" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163420528" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3811891" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03958782FFE4A24BFF3EF9FDFAD0A954" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958782FFE4A24BFF3EF9FDFAD0A954" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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<subSubSection id="C326651FFFE4A244FF3EF9FDFC8AAAC6" box="[151,800,1649,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B833694FFE4A244FF3EF9FDFC8AAAC6" blockId="6.[151,800,1649,1676]" box="[151,800,1649,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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<heading id="D0CB81F8FFE4A244FF3EF9FDFC8AAAC6" bold="true" box="[151,800,1649,1676]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE4A244FF3EF9FDFC8AAAC6" bold="true" box="[151,800,1649,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D17FFE4A244FF3EF9FDFD36AAC6" authority="(Niceville, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="de Niceville" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,668,1649,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Graphium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parus" subGenus="Pazala">
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<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE4A244FF3EF9FDFEBFAAC1" bold="true" box="[151,277,1649,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Graphium</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE4A244FE8FF9FDFEDDAAC1" bold="true" box="[294,375,1649,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Pazala</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE4A244FE21F9FEFE66AAC1" bold="true" box="[392,460,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">parus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B65FFE4A244FE75F9FDFD3EAAC6" author="Niceville, L. de" box="[476,660,1649,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" pagination="157 - 176" refId="ref10146" refString="Niceville, L. de. (1900) On new and little-known Lepidoptera from the Oriental Region. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 13, 157 - 176, pls. CC-EE." type="journal article" year="1900">Nicéville, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13072A11FFE4A244FD05F9FDFCBDAAC6" box="[684,791,1649,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionTargetBox="[296,1289,1178,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[270,1317,1168,1935]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. G. (P.) parus (Nicéville, 1900); upperside above, underside below; scale bar = 10 mm. A: ♂, Weixi, Yunnan, China; B: ♂, Zhongdian, Yunnan, China; C–D: ♂, Yulong Xueshan, Yunnan, China; E: ♀, ditto; ♂, F: Baoxing, Sichuan, China." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736020/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C326651FFFE4A244FF3EF93AFBB9ABE8" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B833694FFE4A244FF3EF93AFCEEAAA0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1717,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D17FFE4A244FF3EF93AFE6FAA83" authority="Niceville, 1900" authorityName="Niceville" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,453,1717,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parus">
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<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE4A244FF3EF93AFE8BAA83" box="[151,289,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Papilio parus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B65FFE4A244FE8EF939FE6FAA83" author="Niceville, L. de" box="[295,453,1717,1742]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" pagination="157 - 176" refId="ref10146" refString="Niceville, L. de. (1900) On new and little-known Lepidoptera from the Oriental Region. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 13, 157 - 176, pls. CC-EE." type="journal article" year="1900">Nicéville, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; J. Bomb. nat. Hist. Soc., 13 (1): 172, pl. EE, f. 21; TL: ‘Tse Kou, Western China’ [Yanmen (in the upper Lancang-Mekong valley), Deqen, N.W.
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<collectingRegion id="49F8F876FFE4A244FD34F959FD47AAA1" box="[669,749,1749,1772]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32B7604FFE4A244FD5EF958FC93AAA0" box="[759,825,1748,1773]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">China</collectingCountry>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B833694FFE4A244FF3EF97FFBA6AB67" blockId="6.[151,1437,1717,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D17FFE4A244FF3EF97FFD65AB46" authority="O. Bang-Haas, 1927" authorityName="O. Bang-Haas" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,719,1779,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Cosmodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tamerlanus" subSpecies="incertus">
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<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE4A244FF3EF97FFE52AB46" box="[151,504,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Cosmodesmus tamerlanus incertus</emphasis>
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O.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B65FFE4A244FDB4F978FD65AB46" author="Bang-Haas, O." box="[541,719,1779,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" refId="ref8692" refString="Bang-Haas, O. (1927) Horae Macrolepidopterologicae Regionis Palaearcticae. Vol. 1. Verlag O. Staudinger & Bang-Haas, Dresden-Blasewitz, 128 pp., 1 taf. [in German]" type="book" year="1927">Bang-Haas, 1927</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Horae Macrolepid., 1: 1, pl. 5, f. 3; TL: ‘
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<collectingCountry id="F32B7604FFE4A244FBC7F97FFB05AB41" box="[1134,1199,1779,1804]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">China</collectingCountry>
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mer. occ.: Szetschwan, Tatsienlu, Tsekou, Siaolu’ [Kangding, Yanmen, and Washan,
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<collectingRegion id="49F8F876FFE4A244FC9BF89DFC2CAB67" box="[818,902,1809,1834]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
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, SW.
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<collectingCountry id="F32B7604FFE4A244FC69F89DFBA8AB67" box="[960,1026,1809,1834]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">China</collectingCountry>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B833694FFE4A244FF3EF8BDFE74AB25" blockId="6.[151,1437,1717,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D17FFE4A244FF3EF8BDFD7AAB04" authority="O. Bang-Haas, 1927" authorityName="O. Bang-Haas" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,720,1841,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Cosmodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tamerlanus" subSpecies="taliensis">
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<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE4A244FF3EF8BDFE50AB04" box="[151,506,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Cosmodesmus tamerlanus taliensis</emphasis>
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O.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B65FFE4A244FDB7F8BDFD7AAB04" author="Bang-Haas, O." box="[542,720,1841,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" refId="ref8692" refString="Bang-Haas, O. (1927) Horae Macrolepidopterologicae Regionis Palaearcticae. Vol. 1. Verlag O. Staudinger & Bang-Haas, Dresden-Blasewitz, 128 pp., 1 taf. [in German]" type="book" year="1927">Bang-Haas, 1927</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Horae Macrolepid., 1: 2, pl. 5, f. 4; TL: ‘
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<collectingCountry id="F32B7604FFE4A244FBC5F8BCFB07AB04" box="[1132,1197,1840,1865]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">China</collectingCountry>
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mer. occ.:
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<collectingRegion id="49F8F876FFE4A244FAB2F8BDFACFAB05" box="[1307,1381,1841,1864]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Jünnan</collectingRegion>
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, Tali’ [Dali,
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<collectingRegion id="49F8F876FFE4A244FEAEF8DCFEFDAB2A" box="[263,343,1872,1895]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
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, SW.
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<collectingCountry id="F32B7604FFE4A244FE38F8C3FE79AB25" box="[401,467,1871,1896]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">China</collectingCountry>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B833694FFE4A244FF3EF8E2FB6AABCB" blockId="6.[151,1437,1717,1988]" box="[151,1216,1901,1926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D17FFE4A244FF3EF8E2FE06ABCB" authority="Chou, 1994" authorityName="Chou" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,428,1901,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Pazala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
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<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE4A244FF3EF8E2FE86ABCB" box="[151,300,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Pazala incerta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B65FFE4A244FE9BF8E1FE06ABCB" author="Chou, I." box="[306,428,1901,1926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" refId="ref8881" refString="Chou, I. (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium. Henan Science and Technology Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 9 + 852 pp. [in Chinese with English descriptions for new taxa]" type="book" year="1994">Chou, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium: 55, 176. [unjustified emendation]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B833694FFE4A244FF3EF801FBB9ABE8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1717,1988]" box="[151,1043,1932,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D17FFE4A244FF3EF801FEC5ABE8" authority="Leech" authorityName="Leech" box="[151,367,1932,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Pazala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurous">
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<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE4A244FF3EF801FE82ABE9" box="[151,296,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Pazala eurous</emphasis>
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Leech
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B65FFE4A244FED3F801FE48ABE8" author="Lee, C. L." box="[378,482,1932,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" refId="ref9567" refString="Lee, C. L. (1995) The Butterflies of Yunnan. Chinese Forestry Press, Beijing, 152 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1995">Lee, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<collectingRegion id="49F8F876FFE4A244FE42F801FD92ABE9" box="[491,568,1933,1956]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
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Butterflies: 51 (f. 65, n. 4). [misidentification]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C326651FFFE4A245FF3EF827FB9CAA0D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B833694FFE4A244FF3EF827FB3BAB89" blockId="6.[151,1437,1717,1988]" box="[151,1169,1963,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D17FFE4A244FF3EF827FE11AB89" authority="Oberthur" authorityName="Oberthur" box="[151,443,1963,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Pazala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamerlanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE4A244FF3EF827FEFCAB8E" box="[151,342,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Pazala tamerlanus</emphasis>
|
||
Oberthür
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B65FFE4A244FE6CF820FD84AB89" author="Lee, C. L." box="[453,558,1963,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" refId="ref9567" refString="Lee, C. L. (1995) The Butterflies of Yunnan. Chinese Forestry Press, Beijing, 152 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1995">Lee, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F876FFE4A244FD9EF820FD2EAB8E" box="[567,644,1964,1987]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
Butterflies: 51 (f. 67, n. 2), 140. [misidentification]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF43661CFFE5A245FF3EFB17FCC0A8B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736016" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3736016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736016/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" startId="7.[151,250,1179,1204]" targetBox="[243,1345,181,1153]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B833694FFE5A245FF3EFB17FCC0A8B1" blockId="7.[151,1436,1179,1276]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FF3EFB17FEB8A8F9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1179,1204]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D17FFE5A245FE6EFB10FD45A8F9" authority="(Gray, [1853])" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[455,751,1179,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alebion" subGenus="Pazala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FE6EFB10FE4AA8FE" box="[455,480,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">G.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FE44FB11FDAAA8F9" box="[493,512,1181,1204]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FDA4FB10FDF3A8F9" box="[525,601,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">alebion</emphasis>
|
||
(Gray, [1853])
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; scale bar = 1.0 mm. All: genitalia as a whole, R.: lateral view of ring, TSU: dorsal view of tegumen, socii and uncus (lines and arrows indicate the distance measured), V.: right valve, Ae.: lateral view of aedeagus, Ju.: ventral view of juxta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B833694FFE5A245FF3EFAA6FB9CAA0D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1322,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FF3EFAA6FE09A908" bold="true" box="[151,419,1322,1349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Diagnostic characters:</emphasis>
|
||
Larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D17FFE5A245FD98FAA7FD7FA909" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[561,725,1322,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alebion" subGenus="Pazala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FD98FAA7FDE7A908" box="[561,589,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">G.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FDF5FAA7FDD8A909" box="[604,626,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FD28FAA6FD7FA909" box="[641,725,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">alebion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, forewing length: male
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B71FFE5A245FC76FAA6FB28A908" box="[991,1154,1322,1349]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="4.05" metricValueMin="3.35" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="37.0" valueMax="40.5" valueMin="33.5">33.5–40.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean=37.6 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B71FFE5A245FA82FAA6FA29A908" box="[1323,1411,1322,1349]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FA27FAA7FA36A909" box="[1422,1436,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 83), female 39.5–42.0 mm (mean = 40.5 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B71FFE5A245FD39FAC2FD42A924" box="[656,744,1358,1385]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FD5AFAC3FCABA925" box="[755,769,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3). Both wings broader, ground colour dull creamy white with a slight greyish tinge; all black markings on both wings rather thick and prominent. Forewing the 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C499BDCFFE5A245FA9DFAFDFA95A932" attach="none" box="[1332,1343,1393,1407]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">st</superScript>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C499BDCFFE5A245FAF2FAFDFAC1A932" attach="none" box="[1371,1387,1393,1407]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">nd</superScript>
|
||
, 8
|
||
<superScript id="7C499BDCFFE5A245FA20FAFDFA3CA932" attach="none" box="[1417,1430,1393,1407]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">th</superScript>
|
||
, 9
|
||
<superScript id="7C499BDCFFE5A245FF0CFA19FF18A9EE" attach="left" box="[165,178,1429,1443]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">th</superScript>
|
||
black bands and the terminal (10
|
||
<superScript id="7C499BDCFFE5A245FD81FA19FD9FA9EE" attach="none" box="[552,565,1429,1443]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">th</superScript>
|
||
) black band all reach tornal margin in both sexes; area between the 8
|
||
<superScript id="7C499BDCFFE5A245FA97FA19FAE1A9EE" attach="left" box="[1342,1355,1429,1443]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">th</superScript>
|
||
and 9
|
||
<superScript id="7C499BDCFFE5A245FA39FA19FA37A9EE" attach="none" box="[1424,1437,1429,1443]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">th</superScript>
|
||
bands distinctively filled by dark scales (the extent varies among individuals but without geographical association) in male, but not in the female (only indicated near the apex); the 7
|
||
<superScript id="7C499BDCFFE5A245FCC6FA51FCD6A9A6" attach="left" box="[879,892,1501,1515]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">th</superScript>
|
||
band not displaced inward in cell R
|
||
<subScript id="17B834D1FFE5A245FAA1FA7CFABAA9B3" attach="left" box="[1288,1296,1520,1534]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">4</subScript>
|
||
; veins CuA
|
||
<subScript id="17B834D1FFE5A245FA3DFA7CFA36A9B3" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1520,1534]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">2</subScript>
|
||
to M
|
||
<subScript id="17B834D1FFE5A245FF64F998FF7FAA6F" attach="left" box="[205,213,1556,1570]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">2</subScript>
|
||
stained with black distally. Hindwing discal band not broadened towards costa; no whitish small patch at the base of tail in cell M
|
||
<subScript id="17B834D1FFE5A245FED7F9B4FE2CAA0B" attach="left" box="[382,390,1592,1606]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">3</subScript>
|
||
; tornal yellow spots much smaller and divided on both sides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C326651FFFE5A245FF6EF9C6FC1AAAC5" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B833694FFE5A245FF6EF9C6FC1AAAC5" blockId="7.[151,1437,1322,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FF6EF9C6FEC9AA28" bold="true" box="[199,355,1610,1637]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B7604FFE5A245FEC5F9C6FE05AA29" box="[364,431,1610,1636]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(W. and N.W.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F876FFE5A245FDF5F9C7FD1FAA28" box="[604,693,1611,1637]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, W.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F876FFE5A245FD40F9C6FCECAA29" box="[745,838,1610,1636]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and S.E.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F876FFE5A245FC12F9C6FC50AA29" box="[955,1018,1610,1636]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Tibet</collectingRegion>
|
||
: mostly in the upper Irrawaddy, Salween, Mekong, and Yangtze watersheds);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B7604FFE5A245FDD9F9E3FD77AAC4" box="[624,733,1647,1673]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(N.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F876FFE5A245FCA6F9E2FC0EAAC5" box="[783,932,1646,1672]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Kachin State</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C326651FFFE5A24BFF6EF91FFAD0A954" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B833694FFE5A245FF6EF91FFEE2AAB9" blockId="7.[151,1437,1322,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FF6EF91FFEFDAAE0" bold="true" box="[199,343,1683,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Host plants:</emphasis>
|
||
Shao-Ji Hu observed females in ovipositing posture around bushes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D17FFE5A245FBC9F91FFEB7AA9D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Litsea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="chuii" variety="likiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FBC9F91FFB48AAE1" box="[1120,1250,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Litsea chuii</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FABFF91EFA36AAE1" box="[1302,1436,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">likiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Lauraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Yulong Xueshan, N.W.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F876FFE5A245FDEAF93BFD36AA9C" box="[579,668,1719,1745]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but no eggs were collected for rearing to confirm whether this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D17FFE5A245FAF1F93BFA36AA9D" box="[1368,1436,1719,1744]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Litsea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FAF1F93BFA36AA9D" box="[1368,1436,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Litsea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is its host plant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B833694FFE5A245FF6EF973FCEBABBD" blockId="7.[151,1437,1322,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FF6EF973FED9AB54" bold="true" box="[199,371,1790,1817]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A11FFE5A245FE2AF972FE4FAB54" box="[387,485,1790,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1028,1053]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,181,1003]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[243,1345,181,1003]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male genitalia of G. (P.) parus (Nicéville, 1900) from Yulong Xueshan, Lijiang, N.W. Yunnan, China; scale bar = 1.0 mm. All: genitalia as a whole, R.: lateral view of ring, TSU: dorsal view of tegumen, socii and uncus, V.: right valve, Ae.: lateral view of aedeagus, Ju.: ventral view of juxta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736022/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
): In total,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3AFD1DFFE5A245FDC9F972FD11AB55" box="[608,699,1790,1816]" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" type="male">20 male</specimenCount>
|
||
genitalia of specimens collected from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F876FFE5A245FBDDF973FB60AB54" box="[1140,1226,1791,1817]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F876FFE5A245FAAAF972FAF7AB55" box="[1283,1373,1790,1816]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||
were dissected, and the general characters were consistent. Highly sclerotized. Ring slightly wavy in the upper half; saccus small but moderately sclerotized; socius toothed laterally, distance between the base of socii
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B71FFE5A245FB50F8CAFA37AB2C" box="[1273,1437,1862,1889]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.399999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="0.6399999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.58">0.58–0.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 0.64 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B71FFE5A245FEE7F8E6FE1CABC8" box="[334,438,1898,1925]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFE5A245FE6AF8E7FE7BABC9" box="[451,465,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20). Valve short, oval in general, dorsal terminal harpe long pear-shaped, edge serrate with the base separated; the medial harpe long and slightly curved, the dorsal projection bayonet-shaped with pointed or toothed tip; no tooth in the middle of the medial harpe. Aedeagus long, strongly curved ventrally. Juxta long, weakly sclerotized with hairy membrane on both sides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF43661CFFEAA24AFF3EFBEFFAB2A836" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736018" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3736018" box="[151,1304,1123,1148]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736018/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" startId="8.[151,250,1123,1148]" targetBox="[297,1311,205,1065]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B833694FFEAA24AFF3EFBEFFAB2A836" blockId="8.[151,1304,1123,1148]" box="[151,1304,1123,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFEAA24AFF3EFBEFFEB9A831" bold="true" box="[151,275,1123,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D17FFEAA24AFE4AFBE8FCBBA831" authority="(Gray, [1853])" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[483,785,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alebion" subGenus="Pazala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFEAA24AFE4AFBE8FE56A836" box="[483,508,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">G.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFEAA24AFDA2FBE9FDB4A831" box="[523,542,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFEAA24AFD85FBE8FDD2A831" box="[556,632,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">alebion</emphasis>
|
||
(Gray, [1853])
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; scale bar = 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF43661CFFEAA24AFF3EF826FAF4ABAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736020" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3736020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736020/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" startId="8.[151,250,1962,1987]" targetBox="[296,1289,1178,1925]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B833694FFEAA24AFF3EF826FAF4ABAA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1962,2023]" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFEAA24AFF3EF826FEB8AB8E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1962,1987]" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D17FFEAA24AFEB1F820FDE7AB8E" authority="(Niceville, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Niceville" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[280,589,1962,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parus" subGenus="Pazala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFEAA24AFEB1F820FE9BAB8E" box="[280,305,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">G.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFEAA24AFE97F820FEF8AB8E" box="[318,338,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFEAA24AFEF6F820FE33AB8E" box="[351,409,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">parus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B65FFEAA24AFE0CF826FDECAB8E" author="Niceville, L. de" box="[421,582,1962,1987]" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" pagination="157 - 176" refId="ref10146" refString="Niceville, L. de. (1900) On new and little-known Lepidoptera from the Oriental Region. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 13, 157 - 176, pls. CC-EE." type="journal article" year="1900">Nicéville, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; upperside above, underside below; scale bar = 10 mm. A: ♂, Weixi, Yunnan, China; B: ♂, Zhongdian, Yunnan, China; C–D: ♂, Yulong Xueshan, Yunnan, China; E: ♀, ditto; ♂, F: Baoxing, Sichuan, China.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF43661CFFEBA24BFF3EFB88FD37A828" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736022" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3736022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736022/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" startId="9.[151,250,1028,1053]" targetBox="[243,1345,181,1003]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B833694FFEBA24BFF3EFB88FD37A828" blockId="9.[151,1437,1028,1125]" pageId="9" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFEBA24BFF3EFB88FEB9A850" bold="true" box="[151,275,1028,1053]" pageId="9" pageNumber="86">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D17FFEBA24BFE67FB89FCAFA850" authority="(Niceville, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Niceville" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[462,773,1028,1053]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parus" subGenus="Pazala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFEBA24BFE67FB89FE42A851" box="[462,488,1029,1052]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="86">G.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFEBA24BFE5FFB8AFDA0A850" box="[502,522,1030,1053]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="86">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFEBA24BFDB1FB8AFDF8A850" box="[536,594,1030,1053]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="86">parus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B65FFEBA24BFDF6FB88FD54A850" author="Niceville, L. de" box="[607,766,1028,1053]" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" pagination="157 - 176" refId="ref10146" refString="Niceville, L. de. (1900) On new and little-known Lepidoptera from the Oriental Region. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 13, 157 - 176, pls. CC-EE." type="journal article" year="1900">Nicéville, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Yulong Xueshan, Lijiang, N.W. Yunnan, China; scale bar = 1.0 mm. All: genitalia as a whole, R.: lateral view of ring, TSU: dorsal view of tegumen, socii and uncus, V.: right valve, Ae.: lateral view of aedeagus, Ju.: ventral view of juxta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B833694FFEBA24BFF6EFB18FAD0A954" blockId="9.[151,1437,1171,1306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EA86FFEBA24BFF6EFB18FE26A8E3" bold="true" box="[199,396,1171,1198]" pageId="9" pageNumber="86">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A11FFEBA24BFE32FB1FFE51A8E3" box="[411,507,1171,1198]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1508]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1457]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[183,1404,181,1457]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female genitalia of G. (P.) parus (Nicéville, 1900) from Yulong Xueshan, Lijiang, N.W. Yunnan, China; scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736024/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="86">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
): In total, two females were available for dissection, and the characters are consistent. Lamella postvaginalis small; lamella antevaginalis broad horizontally, covered with sclerotized wrinkles; ostial lobe much less sclerotized, sac-shaped with a blunt bifurcate tip in lateral view, the posterior margin curved with slight indentations in ventral view, and the ventral surface possesses a pair of small lobes in the median portion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |