362 lines
51 KiB
XML
362 lines
51 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7628190808E3277D2F6D52C2967CB43F">Review of the Balkan Isophya (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae) with particular emphasis on the Isophya modesta group and remarks on the systematics of the genus based on morphological and acoustic data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="25AC1A8C25D424A603D0A52E16B96B45">Dragan P. Chobanov</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1347C62E49169118F8960F91101FA62B">Beata Grzywacz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3FA032F5CDD50218CBFE808585866181">Ionuţ Ş. Iorgu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B83311C317193C679623D019621C4C76">Battal Cιplak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2F3897F702C1C4B4B584728BE1FFAE68">Maya B. Ilieva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D08F6312617D9115C88FB4134FD87D7A">Elżbieta Warchałowska-Śliwa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D3A9D553F3C85B71342DFD9F97732622">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F9F93C0B040E1E2DAF3A788EE1DA5128">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4A766B606BE214F5B747A2972D5B83BB">3658</mods:number>
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<treatment id="F26F3128390CFF95B1B00B6CFC2A9981" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5617309" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120682284" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5617309" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F26F3128390CFF95B1B00B6CFC2A9981" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F26F3128390CFF95B1B00B6CFC2A9981" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00B6CFE7E99FC" blockId="4.[151,429,367,393]" box="[151,429,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="21313752390CFF96B1B00B6CFE7E99FC" bold="true" box="[151,429,367,393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B1B00B6CFE7E99FC" bold="true" box="[151,429,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B1B00B6CFE9199FC" bold="true" box="[151,322,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Systematics of</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390CFF96B06D0B6CFE7E99FC" box="[330,429,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Isophya</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00BB5FA4F99BB" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1436,438,463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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There are few attempts to classify the species of
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<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390CFF96B3EC0BB5FCF799BB" box="[715,804,438,462]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B3EC0BB5FCF799BB" box="[715,804,438,462]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Isophya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in groups according to their morphology, bioacoustics,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00BD9FA4F9987" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1436,468,499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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karyology and/or molecular genetics (Heller 1988; Sevgili
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<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B20D0BDFFCB19986" box="[810,866,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
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2006; Warchałowska-Śliwa
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<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B5830BDFFB0F9986" box="[1188,1244,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
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2008; Chobanov
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00BFDFA4F9A63" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1436,510,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<bibRef id="A36614C8390CFF96B1B00BFDFA4F9A63" box="[151,1436,510,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="journal article">
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<title id="08C26B08390CFF96B1B00BFDFF0D9A63" box="[151,222,510,534]" jopScore="0.010089282" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2009a</title>
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,
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<year id="0E6EC16D390CFF96B1CD0BFDFEF69A63" box="[234,293,510,534]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2009</year>
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b;
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<journalOrPublisher id="A0078AF2390CFF96B0180BFDFD939A63" box="[319,576,510,535]" jopScore="0.08421327" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Grzywacz-Gibała
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<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B32B0803FD939A63" box="[524,576,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
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</journalOrPublisher>
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.
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<part id="0E622AA3390CFF96B36B0BFDFD549A63" box="[588,647,510,534]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="volume">2010</part>
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; Ünal
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<pagination id="430F7ECA390CFF96B3F60BFDFCDD9A63" box="[721,782,510,534]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="pagination">2010</pagination>
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). Yet, some of these attempts are controversial. Moreover,
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</bibRef>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00821FA4F9A4F" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1436,546,570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">the mentioned studies do not include all described taxa and more or less deal with regional fauna. The present study</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00845FA489A2B" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1435,582,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">has not the aim to reconstruct the relationships within this genus; instead it aims to classify the Balkan</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00869FA489AF7" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1435,618,643]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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representatives of
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<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390CFF96B0560868FE199AF6" box="[369,458,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B0560868FE199AF6" box="[369,458,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Isophya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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using some basic phylogenetic information. For this purpose we used the earlier
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B0088DFA4F9AD3" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1436,654,679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">published data (see the above citations), together with newly collected information to get idea on the species</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B008B1FED79ABF" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,260,690,714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">grouping.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1E008D5FA489A9B" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[199,1435,726,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B1E008D5FE819A9B" box="[199,338,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Morphology</emphasis>
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(general morphology shown in
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<figureCitation id="E2FD9CBB390CFF96B3C208D5FCB29A9B" box="[741,865,726,750]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 18" captionStart-1="FIGURES 19 – 30" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1425,179,1856]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1433,187,1606]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[166,1428,177,1859]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,183,1611]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 18. General appearance of some Balkan Isophya. 1, 2 — I. hospodar (1 — male, 2 — female); 3 — I. thracica (male); 4, 5 — I. rectipennis (4 — male, 5 — female); 6, 7 — I. pavelii (6 — male, 7 — female); 8, 9 — I. bureschi (8 — male, 9 — female); 10, 11 — I. andreevae (10 — male, 11 — female); 12, 13 — I. plevnensis (12 — male, 13 — female); 14, 15 — I. m. modesta (= intermedia) (14 — male, 15 — female); 16 — I. l. longicaudata (male); 17 — I. rhodopensis leonorae (male); 18 — I. rh. petkovi (male) (Figures 6 – 11, 17, 18 — photo M. Langourov)." captionText-1="FIGURES 19 – 30. General appearance of some Balkan Isophya; 19 — I. modestior (male); 20, 21 — I. dobrogensis (20 — male, 21 — female); 22, 23 — I. zubowskii (22 — male, 23 — female); 24, 25 — I. camptoxypha (24 — male, 25 — female); 26, 27 — I. gulae (26 — male, 27 — female); 28, 29 — I. obtusa (dark— 28, and green— 29 colour forms; males); 30 — I. speciosa (malebelow, and female—above)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/246552/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/246553/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1–30</figureCitation>
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). Various characters were used to outline and
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B008F9FA4F9B66" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1436,756,787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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characterise species relationships (e.g. Bey-Bienko 1954; Heller 1988; Sevgili
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<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B52B08FFFB969B66" box="[1036,1093,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
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2006; Warchałowska-Śliwa
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<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B4AF08FFFA4F9B66" box="[1416,1436,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B0091DFD339B43" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,736,798,822]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B1B0091DFF679B43" box="[151,180,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">al.</emphasis>
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2008; Chobanov 2009a). Some examples follow:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1D20941FE3B9D27" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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1. Tegmen (reduced fore wing transformed into a sound-producing organ) (
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<figureCitation id="E2FD9CBB390CFF96B54B0941FB219B2F" box="[1132,1266,834,858]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 31 – 55" captionStart-1="FIGURES 56 – 79" captionStartId-0="12.[151,264,244,267]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,264,1769,1792]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1421,662,1756]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[178,1422,662,1756]" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURES 31 – 55. Morphology of male head, pronotum and tegmina of the Balkan Isophya and I. yaraligozi: 31 — I. hospodar (BG: Momchilgrad, 31.05. 1965, NMNHS); 32 — I. rectipennis (BG: Ropotamo, 7.07. 1965, NMNHS); 33 — I. pavelii (holotype of I. rammei Peshev, BG: Chernogorovo, 19.06. 1973, NMNHS); 34 — I. thracica (TR: Elmali, 3.07. 2011, CC); 35 — I. bureschi (BG: “ Pirin, 1300 – 1450 m ”, 17.08. 1961, NMNHS); 36 — I. yaraligozi (TR: Yaraligoz Pass, 9.07. 2011, CC); 37 — I. tosevski (MK: Moklishte, 30.05. 2010, CC); 38 — I. andreevae (holotype, BG: Kresna Gorge, 2.06. 1961, NMNHS); 39 — I. clara (BA: Sarajevo, NMW); 40 — I. miksici (holotype, BG: Berkovitsa, 700 m, 21.06. 1958, NMNHS); 41 — I. plevnensis (holotype, BG: Chernelka, 30.07. 1973, NMNHS); 42 — I. longicaudata adamovici (holotype, BG: “ Sliven ”, NMNHS); 43 — I. l. longicaudata (BG: Batova Gora, 26.06. 1956, NMNHS); 44 — I. m. modesta (= intermedia) (RO: Dobrogea, Babadag, CI); 45 — I. rhodopensis leonorae (BG: Popovi Livadi, 1300 m, 4.07. 1961, NMNHS); 46 — I. rh. rhodopensis (BG: Chepelare, 16.07. 1956, NMNHS); 47 — I. rh. petkovi (BG: Mandritsa, 4.06. 1965, NMNHS); 48 — I. modestior (BG: Kopitoto, 17.07. 1958, NMNHS); 49 — I. dobrogensis (RO: Popina Island, CI); 50 — I. zubowskii (RO: “ Jasi pād, Birnari, 25.06. 1956, NMNHS); 51 — I. aff. camptoxypha (“ Montenegro ”, NMW); 52 — I. gulae (BG: Dolna Topchiya, 23.06. 2008, NMNHS); 53 — I. obtusa (BG: Vezhen Peak, 1900 m, 1.09. 1960, NMNHS); 54 — I. amplipennis (TR: “ Bursa | Gursu, | Kazanci & | Eskibaglar | 14. vi. 1959 ”, “ by Dr. E. Can. | B. M. 1960 – 173 ”, NHM); 55 — I. speciosa (BG: Plevoun, 5.06. 1965, NMNHS)." captionText-1="FIGURES 56 – 79. Morphology of female head, pronotum and tegmina of the Balkan Isophya and I. yaraligozi (localities as in Figs 31 – 55 unless specifically given): 56 — I. hospodar; 57 — I. rectipennis; 58 — I. pavelii (paratype of I. rammei Peshev); 59 — I. thracica; 60 — I. bureschi; 61 — I. yaraligozi; 62 — I. tosevski; 63 — I. andreevae (paratype); 64 — I. clara; 65 — I. miksici (paratype); 66 — I. plevnensis (paratype); 67 — I. longicaudata adamovici (paratype, BG: Sliven, 1000 m, NMNHS); 68 — I. l. longicaudata; 69 — I. rhodopensis leonorae (BG: “ Alibotush, 1500 m ”, 13.07. 1959, NMNHS); 70 — I. rh. rhodopensis (as in Fig. 46 but 17.07.1956); 71 — I. rh. petkovi; 72 — I. modestior; 73 — I. dobrogensis; 74 — I. zubowskii; 75 — I. aff. camptoxypha (MK: Bistra Mt., 2.08. 2004, CC); 76 — I. gulae (paratype, BG: Dolna Topchiya, 10.07. 1974, NMNHS); 77 — I. obtusa (BG: Vezhen Peak, 15.07. 1969, NMNHS); 78 — I. amplipennis (TR: “ Turkey | 1960 | Sureya Bey ”, NHM); 79 — I. speciosa (BG: Sakar Mt., 14.06. 1952, NMNHS). Scale (if present; black line right of the specimen) = 10 mm." httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/246554/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 31–79</figureCitation>
|
||
). According to the specialisations for sound-production the form and venation of tegmina vary between species and may reflect either synapomorphies or convergencies. Males: (1) relative length of tegmina (compared to the stridulatory area and body length); (2) position of veins in relation to one another (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="E2FD9CBB390CFF96B46B09ADFA4F9BB3" box="[1356,1436,942,966]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 55" captionStartId="12.[151,264,244,267]" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 55. Morphology of male head, pronotum and tegmina of the Balkan Isophya and I. yaraligozi: 31 — I. hospodar (BG: Momchilgrad, 31.05. 1965, NMNHS); 32 — I. rectipennis (BG: Ropotamo, 7.07. 1965, NMNHS); 33 — I. pavelii (holotype of I. rammei Peshev, BG: Chernogorovo, 19.06. 1973, NMNHS); 34 — I. thracica (TR: Elmali, 3.07. 2011, CC); 35 — I. bureschi (BG: “ Pirin, 1300 – 1450 m ”, 17.08. 1961, NMNHS); 36 — I. yaraligozi (TR: Yaraligoz Pass, 9.07. 2011, CC); 37 — I. tosevski (MK: Moklishte, 30.05. 2010, CC); 38 — I. andreevae (holotype, BG: Kresna Gorge, 2.06. 1961, NMNHS); 39 — I. clara (BA: Sarajevo, NMW); 40 — I. miksici (holotype, BG: Berkovitsa, 700 m, 21.06. 1958, NMNHS); 41 — I. plevnensis (holotype, BG: Chernelka, 30.07. 1973, NMNHS); 42 — I. longicaudata adamovici (holotype, BG: “ Sliven ”, NMNHS); 43 — I. l. longicaudata (BG: Batova Gora, 26.06. 1956, NMNHS); 44 — I. m. modesta (= intermedia) (RO: Dobrogea, Babadag, CI); 45 — I. rhodopensis leonorae (BG: Popovi Livadi, 1300 m, 4.07. 1961, NMNHS); 46 — I. rh. rhodopensis (BG: Chepelare, 16.07. 1956, NMNHS); 47 — I. rh. petkovi (BG: Mandritsa, 4.06. 1965, NMNHS); 48 — I. modestior (BG: Kopitoto, 17.07. 1958, NMNHS); 49 — I. dobrogensis (RO: Popina Island, CI); 50 — I. zubowskii (RO: “ Jasi pād, Birnari, 25.06. 1956, NMNHS); 51 — I. aff. camptoxypha (“ Montenegro ”, NMW); 52 — I. gulae (BG: Dolna Topchiya, 23.06. 2008, NMNHS); 53 — I. obtusa (BG: Vezhen Peak, 1900 m, 1.09. 1960, NMNHS); 54 — I. amplipennis (TR: “ Bursa | Gursu, | Kazanci & | Eskibaglar | 14. vi. 1959 ”, “ by Dr. E. Can. | B. M. 1960 – 173 ”, NHM); 55 — I. speciosa (BG: Plevoun, 5.06. 1965, NMNHS)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
and compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="E2FD9CBB390CFF96B0EF09D1FD979B9F" box="[456,580,978,1002]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 55" captionStartId="12.[151,264,244,267]" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 55. Morphology of male head, pronotum and tegmina of the Balkan Isophya and I. yaraligozi: 31 — I. hospodar (BG: Momchilgrad, 31.05. 1965, NMNHS); 32 — I. rectipennis (BG: Ropotamo, 7.07. 1965, NMNHS); 33 — I. pavelii (holotype of I. rammei Peshev, BG: Chernogorovo, 19.06. 1973, NMNHS); 34 — I. thracica (TR: Elmali, 3.07. 2011, CC); 35 — I. bureschi (BG: “ Pirin, 1300 – 1450 m ”, 17.08. 1961, NMNHS); 36 — I. yaraligozi (TR: Yaraligoz Pass, 9.07. 2011, CC); 37 — I. tosevski (MK: Moklishte, 30.05. 2010, CC); 38 — I. andreevae (holotype, BG: Kresna Gorge, 2.06. 1961, NMNHS); 39 — I. clara (BA: Sarajevo, NMW); 40 — I. miksici (holotype, BG: Berkovitsa, 700 m, 21.06. 1958, NMNHS); 41 — I. plevnensis (holotype, BG: Chernelka, 30.07. 1973, NMNHS); 42 — I. longicaudata adamovici (holotype, BG: “ Sliven ”, NMNHS); 43 — I. l. longicaudata (BG: Batova Gora, 26.06. 1956, NMNHS); 44 — I. m. modesta (= intermedia) (RO: Dobrogea, Babadag, CI); 45 — I. rhodopensis leonorae (BG: Popovi Livadi, 1300 m, 4.07. 1961, NMNHS); 46 — I. rh. rhodopensis (BG: Chepelare, 16.07. 1956, NMNHS); 47 — I. rh. petkovi (BG: Mandritsa, 4.06. 1965, NMNHS); 48 — I. modestior (BG: Kopitoto, 17.07. 1958, NMNHS); 49 — I. dobrogensis (RO: Popina Island, CI); 50 — I. zubowskii (RO: “ Jasi pād, Birnari, 25.06. 1956, NMNHS); 51 — I. aff. camptoxypha (“ Montenegro ”, NMW); 52 — I. gulae (BG: Dolna Topchiya, 23.06. 2008, NMNHS); 53 — I. obtusa (BG: Vezhen Peak, 1900 m, 1.09. 1960, NMNHS); 54 — I. amplipennis (TR: “ Bursa | Gursu, | Kazanci & | Eskibaglar | 14. vi. 1959 ”, “ by Dr. E. Can. | B. M. 1960 – 173 ”, NHM); 55 — I. speciosa (BG: Plevoun, 5.06. 1965, NMNHS)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 31–55</figureCitation>
|
||
)—the level of compression of tegmina through reduction the apical part of the Costo-Medial area of the wing and approximation of veins in the sound producing Medio-Anal area, which may result in changes in the form of tegmina becoming bulged and membranous; (3) development of the “stridulatory” vein CuP (Cubitus Posterior or the hind Cubital vein) and structure of the stridulatory file (pars stridens). Females: (1) position of veins in relation to one anotherparallel or reticulate; (2) structure of the secondary stridulatory apparatus—with one to three–four basal rows of teeth. The plesiomorphic character states in males include long, flat, coriaceous tegmina with relatively small stridulatory area and widely separated veins in the Medio-Anal area, while apomorphies express in different levels of compactization. Usually the compactization of male tegmen corresponds to the development of a net-like venation and a lower number of stridulatory filerows in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1D20F5DFBD19D97" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
2. Colouration (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="E2FD9CBB390CFF96B3170F5DFD759D03" box="[560,678,1374,1398]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 18" captionStart-1="FIGURES 19 – 30" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1425,179,1856]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1433,187,1606]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[166,1428,177,1859]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,183,1611]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 18. General appearance of some Balkan Isophya. 1, 2 — I. hospodar (1 — male, 2 — female); 3 — I. thracica (male); 4, 5 — I. rectipennis (4 — male, 5 — female); 6, 7 — I. pavelii (6 — male, 7 — female); 8, 9 — I. bureschi (8 — male, 9 — female); 10, 11 — I. andreevae (10 — male, 11 — female); 12, 13 — I. plevnensis (12 — male, 13 — female); 14, 15 — I. m. modesta (= intermedia) (14 — male, 15 — female); 16 — I. l. longicaudata (male); 17 — I. rhodopensis leonorae (male); 18 — I. rh. petkovi (male) (Figures 6 – 11, 17, 18 — photo M. Langourov)." captionText-1="FIGURES 19 – 30. General appearance of some Balkan Isophya; 19 — I. modestior (male); 20, 21 — I. dobrogensis (20 — male, 21 — female); 22, 23 — I. zubowskii (22 — male, 23 — female); 24, 25 — I. camptoxypha (24 — male, 25 — female); 26, 27 — I. gulae (26 — male, 27 — female); 28, 29 — I. obtusa (dark— 28, and green— 29 colour forms; males); 30 — I. speciosa (malebelow, and female—above)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/246552/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/246553/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1–30</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ancestral colouration is usually more or less uniform green with light lateral and ventral body surface and sometimes dark-green or brownish dorsal pattern. In some advanced groups a variegated colouration may occur, reaching development of melanism (typical for the relatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390CFF96B3400FCFFD0C9D96" box="[615,735,1484,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B3400FCFFD0C9D96" box="[615,735,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I. speciosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and rare in other groups).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1D20FEDFD6C9E3B" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
3. Other characteristics like morphology of the pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E2FD9CBB390CFF96B2EF0FEDFB839E73" box="[968,1104,1518,1542]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 31 – 55" captionStart-1="FIGURES 56 – 79" captionStartId-0="12.[151,264,244,267]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,264,1769,1792]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1421,662,1756]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[178,1422,662,1756]" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURES 31 – 55. Morphology of male head, pronotum and tegmina of the Balkan Isophya and I. yaraligozi: 31 — I. hospodar (BG: Momchilgrad, 31.05. 1965, NMNHS); 32 — I. rectipennis (BG: Ropotamo, 7.07. 1965, NMNHS); 33 — I. pavelii (holotype of I. rammei Peshev, BG: Chernogorovo, 19.06. 1973, NMNHS); 34 — I. thracica (TR: Elmali, 3.07. 2011, CC); 35 — I. bureschi (BG: “ Pirin, 1300 – 1450 m ”, 17.08. 1961, NMNHS); 36 — I. yaraligozi (TR: Yaraligoz Pass, 9.07. 2011, CC); 37 — I. tosevski (MK: Moklishte, 30.05. 2010, CC); 38 — I. andreevae (holotype, BG: Kresna Gorge, 2.06. 1961, NMNHS); 39 — I. clara (BA: Sarajevo, NMW); 40 — I. miksici (holotype, BG: Berkovitsa, 700 m, 21.06. 1958, NMNHS); 41 — I. plevnensis (holotype, BG: Chernelka, 30.07. 1973, NMNHS); 42 — I. longicaudata adamovici (holotype, BG: “ Sliven ”, NMNHS); 43 — I. l. longicaudata (BG: Batova Gora, 26.06. 1956, NMNHS); 44 — I. m. modesta (= intermedia) (RO: Dobrogea, Babadag, CI); 45 — I. rhodopensis leonorae (BG: Popovi Livadi, 1300 m, 4.07. 1961, NMNHS); 46 — I. rh. rhodopensis (BG: Chepelare, 16.07. 1956, NMNHS); 47 — I. rh. petkovi (BG: Mandritsa, 4.06. 1965, NMNHS); 48 — I. modestior (BG: Kopitoto, 17.07. 1958, NMNHS); 49 — I. dobrogensis (RO: Popina Island, CI); 50 — I. zubowskii (RO: “ Jasi pād, Birnari, 25.06. 1956, NMNHS); 51 — I. aff. camptoxypha (“ Montenegro ”, NMW); 52 — I. gulae (BG: Dolna Topchiya, 23.06. 2008, NMNHS); 53 — I. obtusa (BG: Vezhen Peak, 1900 m, 1.09. 1960, NMNHS); 54 — I. amplipennis (TR: “ Bursa | Gursu, | Kazanci & | Eskibaglar | 14. vi. 1959 ”, “ by Dr. E. Can. | B. M. 1960 – 173 ”, NHM); 55 — I. speciosa (BG: Plevoun, 5.06. 1965, NMNHS)." captionText-1="FIGURES 56 – 79. Morphology of female head, pronotum and tegmina of the Balkan Isophya and I. yaraligozi (localities as in Figs 31 – 55 unless specifically given): 56 — I. hospodar; 57 — I. rectipennis; 58 — I. pavelii (paratype of I. rammei Peshev); 59 — I. thracica; 60 — I. bureschi; 61 — I. yaraligozi; 62 — I. tosevski; 63 — I. andreevae (paratype); 64 — I. clara; 65 — I. miksici (paratype); 66 — I. plevnensis (paratype); 67 — I. longicaudata adamovici (paratype, BG: Sliven, 1000 m, NMNHS); 68 — I. l. longicaudata; 69 — I. rhodopensis leonorae (BG: “ Alibotush, 1500 m ”, 13.07. 1959, NMNHS); 70 — I. rh. rhodopensis (as in Fig. 46 but 17.07.1956); 71 — I. rh. petkovi; 72 — I. modestior; 73 — I. dobrogensis; 74 — I. zubowskii; 75 — I. aff. camptoxypha (MK: Bistra Mt., 2.08. 2004, CC); 76 — I. gulae (paratype, BG: Dolna Topchiya, 10.07. 1974, NMNHS); 77 — I. obtusa (BG: Vezhen Peak, 15.07. 1969, NMNHS); 78 — I. amplipennis (TR: “ Turkey | 1960 | Sureya Bey ”, NHM); 79 — I. speciosa (BG: Sakar Mt., 14.06. 1952, NMNHS). Scale (if present; black line right of the specimen) = 10 mm." httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/246554/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 31–79</figureCitation>
|
||
), male cerci (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E2FD9CBB390CFF96B5DE0FEDFA5C9E73" box="[1273,1423,1518,1542]" captionStart="FIGURES 80 – 104" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1835,1858]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,681,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[226,1362,681,1816]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 80 – 104. Male abdominal terminalia of the Balkan Isophya and I. yaraligozi (localities as in Figs 31 – 55): 80 — I. hospodar; 81 — I. rectipennis; 82 — I. pavelii; 83 — I. thracica; 84 — I. bureschi; 85 — I. yaraligozi; 86 — I. tosevski; 87 — I. andreevae; 88 — I. clara; 89 — I. miksici; 90 — I. plevnensis; 91 — I. longicaudata adamovici; 92 — I. l. longicaudata; 93 — I. m. modesta (= intermedia); 94 — I. rhodopensis leonorae; 95 — I. rh. rhodopensis; 96 — I. rh. petkovi; 97 — I. modestior; 98 — I. dobrogensis; 99 — I. zubowskii; 100 — I. aff. camptoxypha; 101 — I. gulae; 102 — I. obtusa; 103 — I. amplipennis; 104 — I. speciosa. Scale (if present) = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246555/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 80–104</figureCitation>
|
||
), ovipositor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E2FD9CBB390CFF96B0950C11FD809E5F" box="[434,595,1554,1578]" captionStart="FIGURES 105 – 129" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1173,1196]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1152]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,195,1152]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 105 – 129. Female abdominal terminalia of the Balkan Isophya and I. yaraligozi (localities as in Figs 31 – 55 unless specifically given); figures of the whole ovipositor are followed by enlarged figure of the ovipositor base: 105 — I. hospodar (BG: Dolni Glavanak, 25.04. 2005, CC); 106 — I. rectipennis (BG: Byala Vill., 27.06. 2002, CC); 107 — I. pavelii (BG: Chernogorovo, 29.05. 2006, CC); 108 — I. thracica; 109 — I. bureschi (BG: Bansko, 8.08. 2006, CC); 110 — I. yaraligozi; 111 — I. tosevski; 112 — I. andreevae (BG: Kresnensko Hanche, 19.04. 2006, CC); 113 — I. clara; 114 — I. miksici (BG: Gorski Dom Lodge, 24.06. 2006, CC); 115 — I. plevnensis (BG: Levishte, 14.07. 2009, CC); 116 — I. longicaudata adamovici (BG: Karandila, 24.06. 2008, CC); 117 — I. l. longicaudata (BG: Sofia University Botanical garden, 26.06. – 1.07.2004, CC); 118 — I. m. modesta (= intermedia); 119 — I. rhodopensis leonorae (BG: Livade, 9.08. 2006, CC); 120 — I. rh. rhodopensis (BG: Bachkovo, 600 m, 23.05. 2004, CC); 121 — I. rh. petkovi (BG: Gluhite Kamani, 23.06. 2008, CC); 122 — I. modestior (BG: Bankya, 24.05. 2006, CC); 123 — I. dobrogensis; 124 — I. zubowskii; 125 — I. aff. camptoxypha (data as in Fig. 75); 126 — I. gulae; 127 — I. obtusa (BG: Ravnets Ridge, 14.07. 2009, CC); 128 — I. amplipennis (as in Fig. 78); 129 — I. speciosa (BG: Bankya, 24.05. 2006, CC). Indications on Fig. 127 show, respectively: G—gonangulum; L—lamella; P—lateral pit between lamella and gonangulum. Scale (if present) = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246556/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 105–129</figureCitation>
|
||
), horizontal and vertical distribution etc. may help in identifying species relationships or characterizing taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1E00C5FFA4F9E07" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[199,1436,1626,1651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B1E00C5FFE859E06" box="[199,342,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bioacoustics</emphasis>
|
||
. Male calling song is amongst the most important species-specific features of the bioacoustically
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00C7DFA4F9EE3" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1436,1662,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">active orthopterans and is frequently used for evaluating phylogenetic relationships including within</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00CA1FA489ECF" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1435,1698,1722]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390CFF96B1B00CA1FE9E9ECF" box="[151,333,1698,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phaneropteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g. Heller 1984, 1990; Chobanov and Heller 2010). Heller (1990) assumed that the ancestral
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00CC4FA4F9EAB" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1436,1734,1759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
song in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390CFF96B1DF0CC5FDF79EAB" authority="(Barbitistinae)" baseAuthorityName="Barbitistinae" box="[248,548,1734,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Barbitistini">Barbitistini (Barbitistinae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of a sequence of single and relatively drawn-out syllables that are
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00CE9FA4F9F77" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1436,1770,1795]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
loosely arranged and gradually increase in amplitude (crescending syllables) and points “
|
||
<typeStatus id="A57D3E9C390CFF96B5500CE9FB629F77" box="[1143,1201,1770,1794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
A” song as ancestral
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00D0DFA489F52" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1435,1806,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390CFF96B1940D0DFEDF9F53" box="[179,268,1806,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B1940D0DFEDF9F53" box="[179,268,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Isophya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, consisting of single crescending syllables. However, this
|
||
<typeStatus id="A57D3E9C390CFF96B2BE0D0CFC1A9F52" box="[921,969,1807,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of song is not very common in this genus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00D31FA489F3F" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1435,1842,1866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">and is characteristic mostly for not closely related, morphologically specialised species occurring outside the centre</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00D55FA4F9F1B" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1436,1872,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
of diversity and (probably) origin of the genus (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="02D1C0AE390CFF96B39A0D55FCF79F1B" box="[701,804,1878,1902]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The morphological (Warchałowska-Śliwa
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B43E0D5BFA879F1B" box="[1305,1364,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00D78FA4F9FE7" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1436,1914,1939]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
present paper) and molecular data (partly Grzywacz-Gibała
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B2620D7FFCAC9FE6" box="[837,895,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010; own unpublished data) support the most
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF96B1B00D9DFA4F9FC3" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" box="[151,1436,1950,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
primitive species in the genus are the relatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390CFF96B39A0DA3FC069FC3" authority="Fieber, 1853" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1853" box="[701,981,1950,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="straubei">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B39A0DA3FCE39FC3" box="[701,816,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I. straubei</emphasis>
|
||
(Fieber, 1853)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390CFF96B5330DA3FB469FC3" box="[1044,1173,1950,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hospodar">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B5330DA3FB469FC3" box="[1044,1173,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I. hospodar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) evolutionary followed
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390CFF94B1B00DC1FCA69FD1" blockId="4.[151,1436,438,2011]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,1788,2028]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
by the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390CFF96B1C40DC7FEA69FAE" box="[227,373,1988,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rectipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390CFF96B1C40DC7FEA69FAE" box="[227,373,1988,2011]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I. rectipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group and possibly also some other groups in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="02D1C0AE390CFF96B2580DC1FC309FAF" box="[895,995,1986,2010]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Their songs usually contain small groups or phrases of short syllables that may be obscurely crescending or decrescending and this
|
||
<typeStatus id="A57D3E9C390EFF94B5D40CFEFAF09F60" box="[1267,1315,1789,1813]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of song is here considered ancestral. Specialisations resulting from this
|
||
<typeStatus id="A57D3E9C390EFF94B2600D22FCA49F4C" box="[839,887,1825,1849]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
may include complication of the syllable groups by developing different
|
||
<typeStatus id="A57D3E9C390EFF94B0890D46FE3A9F28" box="[430,489,1861,1885]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of syllables or simplifying the song to single syllables. After developing song of single syllables it may be further changed by elaborating the syllables through modulating the sound producing wing movement and/or arranging the syllables in long sequences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2EB9D0B6390DFF97B1B00D59FD609F9E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246552/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[167,1425,179,1856]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390DFF97B1B00D59FD609F9E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1882,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390DFF97B1B00D59FE989F05" bold="true" box="[151,331,1882,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES 1–18.</emphasis>
|
||
General appearance of some Balkan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390DFF97B3F80D58FCFC9F04" box="[735,815,1883,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390DFF97B3F80D58FCFC9F04" box="[735,815,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Isophya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 1, 2—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390DFF97B2A30D5FFC2E9F04" box="[900,1021,1883,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hospodar">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390DFF97B2A30D5FFC2E9F04" box="[900,1021,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. hospodar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1—male, 2—female); 3—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390DFF97B4090D5FFA4F9F04" box="[1326,1436,1883,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thracica">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390DFF97B4090D5FFA4F9F04" box="[1326,1436,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. thracica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male); 4, 5—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390DFF97B00B0D79FE679FFA" box="[300,436,1914,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rectipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390DFF97B00B0D79FE679FFA" box="[300,436,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. rectipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(4—male, 5—female); 6, 7—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390DFF97B3D40D79FC839FFA" box="[755,848,1913,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pavelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390DFF97B3D40D79FC839FFA" box="[755,848,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. pavelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6—male, 7—female); 8, 9—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390DFF97B5A80D79FB2E9FFA" box="[1167,1277,1913,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bureschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390DFF97B5A80D79FB2E9FFA" box="[1167,1277,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. bureschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(8—male, 9— female); 10, 11—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390DFF97B06D0D9AFE149FDB" box="[330,455,1944,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andreevae">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390DFF97B06D0D9AFE149FDB" box="[330,455,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. andreevae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(10—male, 11—female); 12, 13—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390DFF97B20A0D9AFC7F9FDB" box="[813,940,1944,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plevnensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390DFF97B20A0D9AFC7F9FDB" box="[813,940,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. plevnensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(12—male, 13—female); 14, 15—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390DFF97B4340D9AFA4F9FDB" box="[1299,1436,1944,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="modesta" subSpecies="modesta">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390DFF97B4340D9AFA4F9FDB" box="[1299,1436,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. m. modesta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390DFF97B18A0DB4FEC89FB8" box="[173,283,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
) (14—male, 15—female); 16—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390DFF97B34D0DBBFCCA9FB8" box="[618,793,1975,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="longicaudata" subSpecies="longicaudata">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390DFF97B34D0DBBFCCA9FB8" box="[618,793,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. l. longicaudata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male); 17—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390DFF97B2860DBBFB419FB8" box="[929,1170,1975,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rhodopensis" subSpecies="leonorae">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390DFF97B2860DBBFB419FB8" box="[929,1170,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. rhodopensis leonorae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male); 18—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390DFF97B43C0DBBFA4F9FB8" box="[1307,1436,1975,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rhodopensis" subSpecies="petkovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390DFF97B43C0DBBFA4F9FB8" box="[1307,1436,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. rh. petkovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male) (Figures 6–11, 17, 18—photo M. Langourov).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2EB9D0B6390EFF94B1B00C63FE669EA7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246553/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[154,1433,187,1606]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390EFF94B1B00C63FE669EA7" blockId="6.[151,1437,1632,1746]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390EFF94B1B00C63FE869E00" bold="true" box="[151,341,1632,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 19–30.</emphasis>
|
||
General appearance of some Balkan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390EFF94B3F30C63FCF79E03" box="[724,804,1632,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390EFF94B3F30C63FCF79E03" box="[724,804,1632,1654]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isophya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 19—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390EFF94B2420C62FC339E03" box="[869,992,1632,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390EFF94B2420C62FC339E03" box="[869,992,1632,1654]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. modestior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male); 20, 21—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390EFF94B5B60C62FAF19E03" box="[1169,1314,1632,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dobrogensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390EFF94B5B60C62FAF19E03" box="[1169,1314,1632,1654]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. dobrogensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(20—male, 21—female); 22, 23—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390EFF94B0A20C83FDD19EE0" box="[389,514,1663,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zubowskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390EFF94B0A20C83FDD19EE0" box="[389,514,1663,1685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. zubowskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(22—male, 23—female); 24, 25—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390EFF94B2500C83FBCB9EE0" box="[887,1048,1663,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camptoxypha">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390EFF94B2500C83FBCB9EE0" box="[887,1048,1663,1685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. camptoxypha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(24—male, 25—female); 26, 27—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390EFF94B4AA0C83FF1C9EC1" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390EFF94B4AA0C83FF1C9EC1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. gulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(26—male, 27—female); 28, 29—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390EFF94B31A0C9CFD4B9EC1" box="[573,664,1694,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390EFF94B31A0C9CFD4B9EC1" box="[573,664,1694,1716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(dark—28, and green—29 colour forms; males); 30—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390EFF94B5F50C9CFA939EC1" box="[1234,1344,1695,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390EFF94B5F50C9CFA939EC1" box="[1234,1344,1695,1716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I. speciosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(malebelow, and female—above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390EFF94B1E00DB3FA4E9F99" blockId="6.[151,1437,1788,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390EFF94B1E00DB3FEE89FBD" box="[199,315,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Karyology</emphasis>
|
||
. A recent review of the karyology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390EFF94B3CC0DB3FC979FBD" box="[747,836,1968,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390EFF94B3CC0DB3FC979FBD" box="[747,836,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Isophya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
involving 25 taxa (Warchałowska-Śliwa
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390EFF94B43E0DB2FA819FBD" box="[1305,1362,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008) showed the significant correspondence of the chromosomal characters with the morphological grouping proposed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390FFF95B1B00A94FB249969" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
All but one species have a karyotype of 2n=31 (male) / 32 (female) acro- to submetacentric chromosomes with an X0/XX mechanism of sex determination. This karyotype was suggested being ancestral for most species of tettigoniids (e.g. White 1973; Warchałowska-Śliwa 1998). Only one species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390FFF95B50E0AE2FB64988D" box="[1065,1207,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemiptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390FFF95B50E0AE2FB64988D" box="[1065,1207,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">I. hemiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the northern Caucasus shows a neo-X/neo-Y sex determination system (Warchałowska-Śliwa and Bugrov 1998).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A79803E390FFF95B1E00B24FC2A9981" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Morphotypes of the X-chromosome of species with X0/XX sex determination have been divided into three main categories (
|
||
<typeStatus id="A57D3E9C390FFF95B0420B4FFE449911" box="[357,407,332,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1—acrocentric;
|
||
<typeStatus id="A57D3E9C390FFF95B3450B4EFD419910" box="[610,658,333,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
2—subacrocentric and
|
||
<typeStatus id="A57D3E9C390FFF95B2940B4EFC309910" box="[947,995,333,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
3—submetacentric) that characterise different groups of morphologically similar taxa (Warchałowska-Śliwa
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390FFF95B2D60B72FBE299FD" box="[1009,1073,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008). The few examples of controversy between morphological and cytotaxonomic grouping (in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDC6FBBD390FFF95B5290B96FB4699D9" box="[1038,1173,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Isophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrenaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390FFF95B5290B96FB4699D9" box="[1038,1173,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">I. pyrenaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group as defined by Warchałowska-Śliwa
|
||
<emphasis id="48B25C2C390FFF95B0AD0BBAFE1199A5" box="[394,450,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008) are herewith resolved by further splitting the group into two complexes according to new morphological and acoustic data taken into consideration (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |