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<document id="DF467555B5805F08BDC20E0A94564F94" ID-CLB-Dataset="21872" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2016.233" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37ed1d04-d9db-425c-8dc5-ca631b521e4c" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3845923" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590433686353" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Meyer, Marc De, Mwatawala, Maulid, Copeland, Robert S. &amp; Virgilio, Massimiliano" docDate="2016" docId="9A23879CFFFEAB240CFC9CD5FE2CF879" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2016-233.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 233" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) sawahilensis De Meyer &amp; Virgilio 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F57EF53D-53E8-4EBF-A268-8FB819DBEEB4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="661AFFE4FFF2AB2A0D729864FFE1FFEF" masterDocTitle="Description of new Ceratitis species (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Africa, or how morphological and DNA data are complementary in discovering unknown species and matching sexes" masterLastPageNumber="23" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698841201762" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="9D1F043EADE695DA795CBBDC1EFDA6E0">Description of new Ceratitis species (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Africa, or how morphological and DNA data are complementary in discovering unknown species and matching sexes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DE2BF2DCD9DECAFDE9C79FE68C7BF4E2">Meyer, Marc De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="91F6FE6F877EE9704AC4B763D99D3EF9">Royal Museum for Central Africa, Department Biology &amp; JEMU, Tervuren, Belgium. &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 2 F 07 B 9 E 7 - 3545 - 49 DE- 8 C 72 - 55 E 8 ED 95 A 455 &amp; Corresponding author: marc. de. meyer @ africamuseum. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D636AE0571890563981C51101D0D8788">Mwatawala, Maulid</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1365B9CCE3CD0E80CDEEEC95085915C6" type="LSID">F61E74AB-FABD-4347-A125-64C5C5F7F241</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B94F03FC86C52F634EA6377704D276DF">Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science and Production, Morogoro, Tanzania. &amp; Email: mwatawala @ yahoo. com &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: F 61 E 74 AB-FABD- 4347 - A 125 - 64 C 5 C 5 F 7 F 241</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6B41FF0D8D8EA5A7D6E20C662935D989" type="email">mwatawala@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="61EE191C96A7F1A08E1EC08F4B350B49">Copeland, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1F15E0283AE248A5420633BD9C71BEC6">International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya. &amp; Email: rcopeland @ icipe. org &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: F 2 F 7 C 761 - 2 E 36 - 4 DAB- 9 EDF- 091220 DA 8 A 88</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C42AC9D2A11DC3506302C06880D778DA" type="email">rcopeland@icipe.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BD671BC026C0483C821DE988B3C3C80C">Virgilio, Massimiliano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AC6ECE2290499901D43FA1AB3578B193">Royal Museum for Central Africa, Department Biology &amp; JEMU, Tervuren, Belgium. &amp; Email: massimiliano. virgilio @ africamuseum. be &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: A 4 C 7 D 3 FF-E 127 - 4645 - 9 BFD- 78222520 FE 26</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="449696AF7032943AB85A758E823FF1B6">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="9A23879CFFFEAB240CFC9CD5FE2CF879" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3854720" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164282548" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3854720" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F57EF53D-53E8-4EBF-A268-8FB819DBEEB4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A23879CFFFEAB240CFC9CD5FE2CF879" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<paragraph id="1235368AFFFEAB260CFC9CD5FB44FB23" blockId="12.[362,1226,1201,1298]" box="[398,1189,1201,1228]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="497D81E6FFFEAB260CFC9CD5FB44FB23" box="[398,1189,1201,1228]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="D58A4D09FFFEAB260CFC9CD5FBA5FB24" ID-CoL="BCMM4" authority="De Meyer &amp; Virgilio" authorityName="De Meyer &amp; Virgilio" authorityYear="2016" box="[398,1092,1201,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Ceratitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sawahilensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Ceratalaspis">
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFEAB260CFC9CD5FCA7FB23" bold="true" box="[398,838,1201,1228]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) sawahilensis</emphasis>
De Meyer &amp; Virgilio
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3BCD57E3FFFEAB2609399CD6FB44FB23" box="[1099,1189,1202,1228]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
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<subSubSection id="5A906501FFFEAB260F859C9CFCDDFAFD" box="[759,828,1272,1298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFEAB260F859C9CFCDDFAFD" blockId="12.[362,1226,1201,1298]" box="[759,828,1272,1298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="8AB12A0FFFFEAB260F859C9CFCDDFAFD" box="[759,828,1272,1298]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[251,1340,267,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[251,1340,265,1927]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. Ceratitis sawahilensis De Meyer &amp; Virgilio sp. nov. a. Head and thorax, anterodorsal view. b. Thorax, lateral view. c. Thorax, dorsal view. d. Abdomen, dorsal view. e. Wing. f. Habitus image (credit: S.A. Marshall). g. Female aculeus. h. Aculeus tip. Scale bars: AF = 1 mm; GH = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3845937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3845937/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5A906501FFFEAB260DCF9D5DFD08FA04" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFEAB260DCF9D5DFEA5FABC" blockId="12.[189,324,1337,1363]" box="[189,324,1337,1363]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFEAB260DCF9D5DFEA5FABC" bold="true" box="[189,324,1337,1363]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
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The name is considered as an adjective derived from a geographical name, the Arabic word sawahil being the plural of sahil, which means border or coast and refers to the Swahili
<collectingRegion id="D04EF868FFFEAB2609D09DEFFB09FA4A" box="[1186,1256,1419,1445]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Coast</collectingRegion>
, which was recognized as a historical cultural and geographic entity comprising the localities of
<collectingCountry id="6A9D761AFFFEAB2609A59DCAFADEFA27" box="[1239,1343,1454,1480]" name="Tanzania" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
and Mkuranga, where the
<typeStatus id="CD318828FFFEAB260CCC9DB6FE10FA03" box="[446,497,1490,1516]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
series was collected.
</paragraph>
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<heading id="497D81E6FFFEAB260DCF9E76FE4BF9C3" bold="true" box="[189,426,1554,1580]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFEAB260DCF9E76FE4BF9C3" bold="true" box="[189,426,1554,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
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<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFEAB260D989E25FEBDF9B4" bold="true" box="[234,348,1601,1627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="CD318828FFFEAB260D989E25FEBDF9B4" box="[234,348,1601,1627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFEAB260DCF9E01FBB0F990" blockId="12.[189,1105,1601,1663]" box="[189,1105,1636,1663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<materialsCitation id="A2E23CD7FFFEAB260DCF9E01FBB0F990" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2625461306" box="[189,1105,1636,1663]" collectingDate="2001-01-21" collectionCode="RMCA" collectorName="Z. Seguni" country="Tanzania" location="Mkuranga" municipality="Mwanambaya" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="6A9D761AFFFEAB260DCF9E01FEB6F990" box="[189,343,1637,1663]" name="Tanzania" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
: Ƌ,
<location id="17556051FFFEAB260CF49E00FDE3F991" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A23879CFFFEAB240CFC9CD5FE2CF879:17556051FFFEAB260CF49E00FDE3F991" box="[390,514,1636,1662]" country="Tanzania" municipality="Mwanambaya" name="Mkuranga" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mkuranga</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F251ACF0FFFEAB260F7F9E00FD57F991" box="[525,694,1636,1662]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mwanambaya</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="6634104AFFFEAB260FB09E01FCBBF990" box="[706,858,1637,1663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2001-01-21">
<collectingDate id="7670E9A2FFFEAB260FB09E01FCBBF990" box="[706,858,1637,1663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2001-01-21">21 Jan. 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="BF7F535CFFFEAB260E149E01FC39F991" box="[870,984,1636,1663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Z. Seguni</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="749BAE4FFFFEAB260E9A9E01FBA4F990" box="[1000,1093,1637,1663]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ee3x-fpgk" name="Royal Museum for Central Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">RMCA</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFEAB260D989EC2FE86F92F" blockId="12.[189,1399,1702,1834]" box="[234,359,1702,1728]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFEAB260D989EC2FE86F92F" bold="true" box="[234,359,1702,1728]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="CD318828FFFEAB260D989EC2FE86F92F" box="[234,359,1702,1728]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFEAB260DCF9EADFD7FF8C5" blockId="12.[189,1399,1702,1834]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<collectingCountry id="6A9D761AFFFEAB260DCF9EADFEB6F90C" box="[189,343,1737,1763]" name="Tanzania" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
: 1 Ƌ, same date and locality as
<typeStatus id="CD318828FFFEAB260FA49EADFCA1F90C" box="[726,832,1737,1763]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 1 Ƌ,
<specimenCount id="048CFD03FFFEAB260EFE9EADFC5BF90B" box="[908,954,1737,1764]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="D04EF868FFFEAB260EB89EADFBD5F90C" box="[970,1076,1737,1763]" country="Tanzania" name="Kaskazini Unguja" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Zanzibar</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="6634104AFFFEAB2609309EAEFB35F90C" box="[1090,1236,1737,1764]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2000-02-07">7 Feb. 2000</date>
, Z. Seguni (
<specimenCount id="048CFD03FFFEAB26081B9EADFF32F8E8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
barcoded, see
<tableCitation id="5F080331FFFEAB260CF09E88FE3BF8E9" box="[386,474,1772,1798]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[187,256,541,569]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Accessionnumbers and details of the reference DNAbarcodes deposited in the Barcodeof Life Data Systems(BOLD, http://www.boldsystems. org). PT = paratype; SP = non-type (supplementary) material; F = female; M = male. Negative latitudes are S. Longitudes are E." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/46F56602FFF1AB290DC99A79F97BFDB3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="46F56602FFF1AB290DC99A79F97BFDB3">Table 1</tableCitation>
; Supplementary file), (
<collectionCode id="749BAE4FFFFEAB260F989E88FCA6F8E9" box="[746,839,1772,1798]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ee3x-fpgk" name="Royal Museum for Central Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">RMCA</collectionCode>
); 1 Ƌ (
<figureCitation id="8AB12A0FFFFEAB260EEB9E88FC0DF8E8" box="[921,1004,1772,1799]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[251,1340,267,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[251,1340,265,1927]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. Ceratitis sawahilensis De Meyer &amp; Virgilio sp. nov. a. Head and thorax, anterodorsal view. b. Thorax, lateral view. c. Thorax, dorsal view. d. Abdomen, dorsal view. e. Wing. f. Habitus image (credit: S.A. Marshall). g. Female aculeus. h. Aculeus tip. Scale bars: AF = 1 mm; GH = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3845937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3845937/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4f</figureCitation>
), Magombero Forest,
<date id="6634104AFFFEAB2609809E88FF1AF8C5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2009-09-14" valueMax="2009-09-15" valueMin="2009-09-14">1415 Sep. 2009</date>
, T. Pape &amp; S.A. Marshall (
<collectionCode id="749BAE4FFFFEAB260F449F74FD73F8C5" box="[566,658,1808,1834]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ZMUC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5A906501FFFEAB240DCF9F35FC89FA56" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFEAB260DCF9F35FEAFF884" blockId="12.[189,334,1873,1899]" box="[189,334,1873,1899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="497D81E6FFFEAB260DCF9F35FEAFF884" bold="true" box="[189,334,1873,1899]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFEAB260DCF9F35FEAFF884" bold="true" box="[189,334,1873,1899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFEAB260D989FE4FECBF875" blockId="12.[189,979,1920,1981]" box="[234,298,1920,1946]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFEAB260D989FE4FECBF875" bold="true" box="[234,298,1920,1946]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFEAB260DCF9FC7FC32F852" blockId="12.[189,979,1920,1981]" box="[189,979,1954,1981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">BODY LENGTH. 5.01 (4.805.28); wing length: 5.04 (4.805.20) mm.</paragraph>
<caption id="46F56602FFFFAB270DCF9FEEFAACF804" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3845937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3845937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3845937/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[251,1340,267,1878]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFFAB270DCF9FEEFAACF804" blockId="13.[189,1399,1930,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFFAB270DCF9FEEFEEFF84B" bold="true" box="[189,270,1930,1956]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D58A4D09FFFFAB270C6B9FEFFCCDF84B" authority="De Meyer &amp; Virgilio" authorityName="De Meyer &amp; Virgilio" authorityYear="2016" box="[281,812,1930,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Ceratitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sawahilensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFFAB270C6B9FEFFDC0F84B" box="[281,545,1930,1957]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ceratitis sawahilensis</emphasis>
De Meyer &amp; Virgilio
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3BCD57E3FFFFAB270E459FEFFC74F84A" box="[823,917,1931,1957]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFFAB270ED29FEFFC4EF84A" bold="true" box="[928,943,1931,1957]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">a</emphasis>
. Head and thorax, anterodorsal view.
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFFAB270DCF9FCAFF2CF827" bold="true" box="[189,205,1966,1992]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">b</emphasis>
. Thorax, lateral view.
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFFAB270C929FCAFE0CF827" bold="true" box="[480,493,1966,1992]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">c</emphasis>
. Thorax, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFFAB270F8D9FCAFCEEF827" bold="true" box="[767,783,1966,1992]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">d</emphasis>
. Abdomen, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFFAB27094D9FCAFBADF827" bold="true" box="[1087,1100,1966,1992]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">e</emphasis>
. Wing.
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFFAB2709DC9FC9FB59F828" bold="true" box="[1198,1208,1965,1991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">f</emphasis>
. Habitus image (credit: S.A. Marshall).
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFFAB270CA79FB5FE05F804" bold="true" box="[469,484,2001,2027]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">g</emphasis>
. Female aculeus. h. Aculeus tip. Scale bars: AF = 1 mm; GH = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFCAB240DCF9968FB8FFE17" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,505]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
HEAD (
<figureCitation id="8AB12A0FFFFCAB240C7F996FFE80FECA" box="[269,353,267,294]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[251,1340,267,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[251,1340,265,1927]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. Ceratitis sawahilensis De Meyer &amp; Virgilio sp. nov. a. Head and thorax, anterodorsal view. b. Thorax, lateral view. c. Thorax, dorsal view. d. Abdomen, dorsal view. e. Wing. f. Habitus image (credit: S.A. Marshall). g. Female aculeus. h. Aculeus tip. Scale bars: AF = 1 mm; GH = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3845937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3845937/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
). Antenna yellow-orange, first flagellomere in lateral view 3 times as long as wide, obtuse or with short acute tip dorsoapically. Arista medium pubescent, ventral proximal rays at most 3 times width of arista at base. Two frontal setae, thinner than, and subequal in length to, anterior orbital seta; two orbital setae, anterior orbital longer than posterior one; ocellar seta at least 4 times as long as ocellar triangle; postocellar seta black, shorter than lateral vertical seta. Frons convex, not protruding in lateral view; yellow-white, in between frontal setae more yellowish. Genal seta and genal setulae dark brown to reddish-pale. Face and occiput yellowish-white, latter slightly darker dorsally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFCAB240DCF9A44FDB7FC75" blockId="14.[189,1399,544,922]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
THORAX (
<figureCitation id="8AB12A0FFFFCAB240C5E9A44FE92FDD4" box="[300,371,544,571]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[251,1340,267,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[251,1340,265,1927]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. Ceratitis sawahilensis De Meyer &amp; Virgilio sp. nov. a. Head and thorax, anterodorsal view. b. Thorax, lateral view. c. Thorax, dorsal view. d. Abdomen, dorsal view. e. Wing. f. Habitus image (credit: S.A. Marshall). g. Female aculeus. h. Aculeus tip. Scale bars: AF = 1 mm; GH = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3845937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3845937/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
bc). Postpronotal lobe white, without black middle spot around base of postpronotal seta. Scutum ground colour shining yellow-brown to brown, sometimes with more orange tinge, with greyish pilosity and microtrichosity; with slightly darker streaks but no distinct black spots, except paired prescutellar spot extending anteriorly to dorsocentral seta, posteriorly with paired white to yellow prescutellar semi-circular marking, separated by yellowish-white area in between; at mesal end of transverse suture with shining brownish to blackish spot. Setae black. Pleura yellow to brownishyellow. Anepisternum dorsal half white, ventral half yellow; completely covered with pale pilosity, one anepisternal seta. Anatergite and katatergite white. Scutellum yellowish-white to white, sometimes with yellowish tinge; apical margin with three separate black spots, extending to level of basal scutellar setae; with distinct brown-black spots basally, sometimes less pronounced and only darker yellowbrown colour. Subscutellum black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFCAB240DCF9BA6FD4DFC10" blockId="14.[189,1399,961,1023]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">LEGS. Slender; yellow; with dispersed mixed pale and dark pilosity. Forefemur ventral spine-like setae black along distal 0.50, basally more pale.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFCAB240DCF9C43FBC1FB45" blockId="14.[189,1398,1062,1194]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
WING (
<figureCitation id="8AB12A0FFFFCAB240C7F9C42FE80FBAF" box="[269,353,1062,1089]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[251,1340,267,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[251,1340,265,1927]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. Ceratitis sawahilensis De Meyer &amp; Virgilio sp. nov. a. Head and thorax, anterodorsal view. b. Thorax, lateral view. c. Thorax, dorsal view. d. Abdomen, dorsal view. e. Wing. f. Habitus image (credit: S.A. Marshall). g. Female aculeus. h. Aculeus tip. Scale bars: AF = 1 mm; GH = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3845937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3845937/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4e</figureCitation>
). Markings yellow to yellow-brown. Anterior apical band, subapical band, discal band and posterior apical band present, latter sometimes only as a trace; anterior apical band touching discal band; subapical band and posterior apical band isolated. Cross-vein R-M situated at or basal to midlength of anterior margin of cell dm. Brown streaks and spots present in basal cells.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFCAB240DCF9CB5FE69FADE" blockId="14.[189,1399,1233,1329]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
ABDOMEN (
<figureCitation id="8AB12A0FFFFCAB240C4F9CB5FE77FB03" box="[317,406,1233,1260]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[251,1340,267,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[251,1340,265,1927]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. Ceratitis sawahilensis De Meyer &amp; Virgilio sp. nov. a. Head and thorax, anterodorsal view. b. Thorax, lateral view. c. Thorax, dorsal view. d. Abdomen, dorsal view. e. Wing. f. Habitus image (credit: S.A. Marshall). g. Female aculeus. h. Aculeus tip. Scale bars: AF = 1 mm; GH = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3845937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3845937/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
). Ground colour yellow. Tergites 2 and 4 more greyish along posterior half; tergites 3 and 5 with, respectively, posterior and anterior margin narrowly more darkly yellow. With mixed pale and dark pilosity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFCAB240D989D3DFEA4FA9C" blockId="14.[189,1399,1369,1466]" box="[234,325,1369,1395]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFCAB240D989D3DFEA4FA9C" bold="true" box="[234,325,1369,1395]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFCAB240DCF9D18FC89FA56" blockId="14.[189,1399,1369,1466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
As male. Oviscape shorter than preabdomen. Aculeus (
<figureCitation id="8AB12A0FFFFCAB240E219D18FC7AFA78" box="[851,923,1404,1431]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[251,1340,267,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[251,1340,265,1927]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. Ceratitis sawahilensis De Meyer &amp; Virgilio sp. nov. a. Head and thorax, anterodorsal view. b. Thorax, lateral view. c. Thorax, dorsal view. d. Abdomen, dorsal view. e. Wing. f. Habitus image (credit: S.A. Marshall). g. Female aculeus. h. Aculeus tip. Scale bars: AF = 1 mm; GH = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3845937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3845937/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
gh) about 89 times longer than wide; apical part sinuous, tip blunt and with distinct indentation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5A906501FFFCAB240DCF9D85FECFF9C6" box="[189,342,1505,1577]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFCAB240DCF9D85FEB7FA14" blockId="14.[189,342,1505,1531]" box="[189,342,1505,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="497D81E6FFFCAB240DCF9D85FEB7FA14" bold="true" box="[189,342,1505,1531]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFCAB240DCF9D85FEB7FA14" bold="true" box="[189,342,1505,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFCAB240DCF9E6BFECFF9C6" blockId="14.[189,302,1551,1577]" box="[189,302,1551,1577]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<collectingCountry id="6A9D761AFFFCAB240DCF9E6BFECBF9C6" box="[189,298,1551,1577]" name="Tanzania" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5A906501FFFCAB240DCF9E35FED8F976" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFCAB240DCF9E35FEADF984" blockId="14.[189,332,1617,1643]" box="[189,332,1617,1643]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="497D81E6FFFCAB240DCF9E35FEADF984" bold="true" box="[189,332,1617,1643]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFCAB240DCF9E35FEADF984" bold="true" box="[189,332,1617,1643]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Host plants</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFCAB240DCF9E1BFED8F976" blockId="14.[189,313,1663,1689]" box="[189,313,1663,1689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5A906501FFFCAB240DCF9EA5FE2CF879" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFCAB240DCF9EA5FECEF934" blockId="14.[189,303,1729,1755]" box="[189,303,1729,1755]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="497D81E6FFFCAB240DCF9EA5FECEF934" bold="true" box="[189,303,1729,1755]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFCAB240DCF9EA5FECEF934" bold="true" box="[189,303,1729,1755]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1235368AFFFCAB240DCF9E8BFE2CF879" blockId="14.[189,1398,1775,1942]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The relationship of
<taxonomicName id="D58A4D09FFFCAB240CD69E94FDBCF8E6" authority="Meyer &amp; Mwatawala &amp; Copeland &amp; Virgilio, 2016" authorityName="Meyer &amp; Mwatawala &amp; Copeland &amp; Virgilio" authorityYear="2016" box="[420,605,1775,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Ceratitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sawahilensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFCAB240CD69E94FDBCF8E6" box="[420,605,1775,1802]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. sawahilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3BCD57E3FFFCAB240F179E94FD21F8E5" box="[613,704,1776,1802]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
to any of the other described
<taxonomicName id="D58A4D09FFFCAB24096D9E94FB67F8E5" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1829" box="[1055,1158,1776,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Ceratitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFCAB24096D9E94FB67F8E5" box="[1055,1158,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ceratitis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species is not easily established. Although there is a slight partial darkening of the abdominal tergites 3 and 5, the male legs are without modifications. The neighbor-joining tree (Supplementary file) does not place it in any resolved cluster. We tentatively place it in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="D58A4D09FFFCAB240E289F3DFC11F89C" box="[858,1008,1881,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Ceratitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Ceratalaspis">
<emphasis id="20FEEA98FFFCAB240E289F3DFC11F89C" box="[858,1008,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ceratalaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pending further clarifications on its subgeneric position.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>