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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-94-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" ID-ZooBank="6CB807239A47403FABEC9AF8AE7F417F" ModsDocID="1314-2607-94-13" checkinTime="1671601504499" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Burks, Roger, Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Fusu, Lucian, Heraty, John M., Jansta, Petr, Heydon, Steve, Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey, Peters, Ralph S., Tselikh, Ekaterina V., Woolley, James B., van Noort, Simon, Baur, Hannes, Cruaud, Astrid, Darling, Christopher, Haas, Michael, Hanson, Paul, Krogmann, Lars &amp; Rasplus, Jean-Yves" docDate="2022" docId="51EAF218F3FF5DB9BE34028D851C8CC5" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 94: 13-88" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94" docPubDate="2022-12-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263" docTitle="Oodera Westwood 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" masterDocTitle="From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1671601504499" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Burks, Roger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">burks.roger@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Fusu, Lucian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Heraty, John M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jansta, Petr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic &amp; Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Heydon, Steve</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Insects Division, Natural History Museum, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Peters, Ralph S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Tselikh, Ekaterina V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Woolley, James B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>van Noort, Simon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Research and Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, PO Box 61, Cape Town 8000 South Africa &amp; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Baur, Hannes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland &amp; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cruaud, Astrid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Darling, Christopher</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada &amp; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M 5 S 1 A 1, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Haas, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hanson, Paul</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose 11501 - 2060, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Krogmann, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany &amp; Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 n) University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Rasplus, Jean-Yves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-12-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>94</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>13</mods:start>
<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-94-13</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6CB807239A47403FABEC9AF8AE7F417F</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51EAF218F3FF5DB9BE34028D851C8CC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/51EAF218F3FF5DB9BE34028D851C8CC5" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName LSID="51EAF218-F3FF-5DB9-BE34-028D851C8CC5" authority="new status" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1874" family="Pelecinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pelecinellidae new status</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName family="Pelecinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pelecinellinae">Pelecinellinae</taxonomicName>
Ashmead, 1895. Type genus:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Pelecinellidae" genus="Pelecinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelecinella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pelecinella</taxonomicName>
Westwood, 1868.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName family="Pelecinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptofoeninae">Leptofoeninae</taxonomicName>
Handlirsch, 1925. Type genus:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Pelecinellidae" genus="Leptofoenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptofoenus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptofoenus</taxonomicName>
Smith, 1862.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Antenna with 11 flagellomeres. Clypeus without transverse subapical groove. Mandibles with 3 teeth or with a broad apical truncation. Subforaminal bridge with postgenal bridge. Mesopleural area without an expanded acropleuron; mesepimeron extending over anterior margin of metapleuron. All legs with 5 tarsomeres; protibial spur stout and curved; basitarsal comb longitudinal. Petiole elongate with a row of lateral setae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4348" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 43 - 48. 43 Neodipara masneri Boucek (Neodiparidae): head frontal view 44, 45 Oodera formosa Giraud (Ooderidae) 44 mesosoma dorsal view 45 fore leg 46 Leptofoenus stephanoides (Roman) (Pelecinellidae): petiole 47 Doddifoenus rex Boucek (Pelecinellidae): head antero-lateral view 48 Nefoenus pilosus Boucek (Pelecinellidae, Nefoeninae): mesosoma lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures43-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781071" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">46</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName family="Pelecinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptofoeninae">Leptofoeninae</taxonomicName>
is here recognized as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName family="Pelecinellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pelecinellidae</taxonomicName>
, since
<taxonomicName family="Pelecinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pelecinellinae">Pelecinellinae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="230 - 233" refId="B1" refString="Ashmead, WH, 1895. On the genus Pelecinella, Westwood, and its position among the Chalcididae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 3: 230 - 233" title="On the genus Pelecinella, Westwood, and its position among the Chalcididae." volume="3" year="1895">Ashmead 1895</bibRefCitation>
) was described earlier than
<taxonomicName family="Pelecinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptofoeninae">Leptofoeninae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Handlirsch, A" journalOrPublisher="Cretaceous Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B30" refString="Handlirsch, A, 1925. Systematische uebersicht. In: Handbuch der Entomologie. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany, 711-825." title="Systematische uebersicht. In: Handbuch der Entomologie. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany, 711 - 825." year="1925">Handlirsch 1925</bibRefCitation>
) and because the situation does not qualify for preserving prevailing usage.
<taxonomicName family="Pelecinellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pelecinellidae</taxonomicName>
are similar to other large-bodied chalcidoid parasitoids of wood-boring beetles, although they differ radically from all
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1862" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
morphologically.
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nefoeninae">Nefoeninae</taxonomicName>
new placement is included here as a subfamily distinct from
<taxonomicName family="Pelecinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pelecinellinae">Pelecinellinae</taxonomicName>
, on the strength of sharing the elongate petiole with lateral setae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4348" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 43 - 48. 43 Neodipara masneri Boucek (Neodiparidae): head frontal view 44, 45 Oodera formosa Giraud (Ooderidae) 44 mesosoma dorsal view 45 fore leg 46 Leptofoenus stephanoides (Roman) (Pelecinellidae): petiole 47 Doddifoenus rex Boucek (Pelecinellidae): head antero-lateral view 48 Nefoenus pilosus Boucek (Pelecinellidae, Nefoeninae): mesosoma lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures43-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781071" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">46</figureCitation>
) although it lacks the parascrobal crests present in
<taxonomicName family="Pelecinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pelecinellinae">Pelecinellinae</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4348" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 43 - 48. 43 Neodipara masneri Boucek (Neodiparidae): head frontal view 44, 45 Oodera formosa Giraud (Ooderidae) 44 mesosoma dorsal view 45 fore leg 46 Leptofoenus stephanoides (Roman) (Pelecinellidae): petiole 47 Doddifoenus rex Boucek (Pelecinellidae): head antero-lateral view 48 Nefoenus pilosus Boucek (Pelecinellidae, Nefoeninae): mesosoma lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures43-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781071" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">47</figureCitation>
). An elongate petiole with lateral setae is unusual but not unique in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1862" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
, being present also in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heydon" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Polstonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polstonia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Polstonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Heydon (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Miscogastrinae">Miscogastrinae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphegigastrini">Sphegigastrini</taxonomicName>
), some
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Spalangiidae" genus="Spalangia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spalangia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Spalangia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Latreille (
<taxonomicName family="Spalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Spalangiidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Halliday" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spalangiinae">Spalangiinae</taxonomicName>
), and in some
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1884" class="Insecta" family="Pirenidae" genus="Orasema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orasema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Orasema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cameron (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eucharitidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burks" authorityYear="1979" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oraseminae">Oraseminae</taxonomicName>
) each of these differing greatly from
<taxonomicName family="Pelecinellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pelecinellidae</taxonomicName>
in many other features. However, the form of the petiole in
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nefoeninae">Nefoeninae</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4348" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 43 - 48. 43 Neodipara masneri Boucek (Neodiparidae): head frontal view 44, 45 Oodera formosa Giraud (Ooderidae) 44 mesosoma dorsal view 45 fore leg 46 Leptofoenus stephanoides (Roman) (Pelecinellidae): petiole 47 Doddifoenus rex Boucek (Pelecinellidae): head antero-lateral view 48 Nefoenus pilosus Boucek (Pelecinellidae, Nefoeninae): mesosoma lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures43-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781071" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">48</figureCitation>
) is somewhat similar to that of
<taxonomicName family="Pelecinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pelecinellinae">Pelecinellinae</taxonomicName>
, and the two groups share several other features, including elongation of the pronotum and certain other areas of the mesothoracic dorsum. While
<taxonomicName family="Ooderidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Ooderidae</taxonomicName>
also have parascrobal crests, the pattern of sulci present on the mesothoracic dorsum in
<taxonomicName family="Ooderidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Ooderidae</taxonomicName>
is unmistakable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>