566 lines
65 KiB
XML
566 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.229.3580" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5da1445a-7a6e-47ca-afa5-b4a30ab0d10c" ID-PMC="PMC3494004" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-229-1" ID-PubMed="23166473" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-229-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 229" ModsDocTitle="Systematics of the Osteocephalusbuckleyi species complex (Anura, Hylidae) from Ecuador and Peru" checkinTime="1451248676309" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ron, Santiago R., Venegas, Pablo J., Toral, Eduardo, Morley Read,, Diego A. Ortiz, & Manzano, Andrea L." docDate="2012" docId="15393FB1B8B5EC721DB6F248D2CCE0D3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 229: 1-52" docOrigin="ZooKeys 229" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.229.3580" docTitle="Osteocephalus cannatellai Ron, Venegas, Toral, Read, Ortiz & Manzano, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="CE0FFF80AB4D432E812CFFD0FF8EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the Osteocephalusbuckleyi species complex (Anura, Hylidae) from Ecuador and Peru" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1668154567064" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematics of the Osteocephalusbuckleyi species complex (Anura, Hylidae) from Ecuador and Peru</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart>Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
|
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Venegas, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Toral, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Morley Read,</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Diego A. Ortiz,</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Manzano, Andrea L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>229</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>52</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.229.3580</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.229.3580</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-229-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15393FB1B8B5EC721DB6F248D2CCE0D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/15393FB1B8B5EC721DB6F248D2CCE0D3" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EDEC6BF4-F11C-4812-A06E-065C9035999D" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
(Figs 7-10) QCAZ 49572 (field no. PUCE 18835), adult male from Ecuador, Provincia Pastaza,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
|
||
Santa Clara,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pucayacu, in the vicinities of the
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">Zanjarajuno</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Reserve (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.3578">1.3578°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-77.8477">77.8477°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 940 m above sea level, collected by P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña-Loyola">Pena-Loyola</normalizedToken>
|
||
, N.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñafiel">Penafiel</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and R. Tarvin on 3 July 2010.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratopotypes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Paratopotypes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
20 adult males, 1 adult female. QCAZ 33256, adult male, collected by I. G. Tapia, D. Almeida-Reinoso and M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páez">Paez</normalizedToken>
|
||
on 30 March 2007; QCAZ 39579, 39586-87, adult males, collected by D. Salazar-Valenzuela and G. Diaz between 12 and 14 December 2008; QCAZ 40909-10, adult males, collected by I. G. Tapia, L. A. Coloma, and S. R. Ron on 31 March 2008; QCAZ 40252, 40258, adult males, collected by D. Salazar-Valenzuela, D.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Acosta-López">Acosta-Lopez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and C. Korfel between 23 February and 1 March 2009; QCAZ 45271-72, 45277, 45281, adult males, collected by D.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Acosta-López">Acosta-Lopez</normalizedToken>
|
||
between 30 July and 2 August 2009; QCAZ 45907, 45909, adult males, collected by P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña-Loyola">Pena-Loyola</normalizedToken>
|
||
on 16 October 2009; QCAZ 49569-71, adult males, collected by N.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñafiel">Penafiel</normalizedToken>
|
||
between 26 June and 3 July 2010; QCAZ 49021-22, adult males, collected by R. Tarvin, and L. Bustamante on 3 August 2010; QCAZ 49439, adult female, collected by R. Tarvin and P. Aguilar on September 2010; QCAZ 48744 adult male, collected by S. R. Ron, L. Bustamante, I. G. Tapia, P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña-Loyola">Pena-Loyola</normalizedToken>
|
||
and R. Tarvin on 3 July 2010.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratypes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Paratypes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
42 adult males, 2 adult females. Ecuador: Provincia Morona Santiago: Bobonaza (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.498">1.4980°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-77.8793">77.8793°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 660 m above sea level, QCAZ 32506, 32508, 32512, adult males, collected by L. A. Coloma and I. G. Tapia on 18 August 2008; Nuevo Israel (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-2.165">2.165°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.902916">77.902919°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 1289 m above sea level, QCAZ 46472, adult male, collected by J. Brito-Molina on 2 January 2010; Provincia Napo: Reserva Yachana (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-0.8458">0.8458°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-77.2287">77.2287°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 300-350 m above sea level, QCAZ 48790, 48797, 48803-04, 48811, 48814, adult males, collected by S. North, S. Topp and G. Estevez between 4 June and 18 August 2008; Huino, QCAZ 50198, adult female, collected by W. C. Funk on February 2003; Provincia Orellana: El
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Edén">Eden</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.46147">0.46147°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-76.1252">76.1252°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 228 m above sea level, QCAZ 39633, adult male, collected by S.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aldás-Alarcón">Aldas-Alarcon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Dayuma, Pozo Sunka (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.7333">1.7333°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-76.7333">76.7333°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 279 m above sea level, EPN-H 2752, 2755-56, 6372; Provincia Pastaza:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fundación">Fundacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
Hola Vida (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.6285">1.6285°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-77.9072">77.9072°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 845 m above sea level, QCAZ 25607, 25469, adult males, collected by K. Elmer and I. G. Tapia on 27 June 2003, QCAZ 37175, adult male collected by I. G. Tapia, L. A. Coloma, P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña-Loyola">Pena-Loyola</normalizedToken>
|
||
and M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páez">Paez</normalizedToken>
|
||
on July 2007;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Maderoyacu (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.3917">1.3917°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-77.4139">77.4139°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 500-600 m above sea level, EPN-H 6373, 6385, adult males, collected by A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Almendáriz">Almendariz</normalizedToken>
|
||
; Provincia Zamora Chinchipe: Centro Shuar Yawi (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.43">4.4300°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.6316">78.6316°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 945 m above sea level, QCAZ 31016, 31032-33, 31047, 31053, adult males, QCAZ 31051, adult female, collected by D. Almeida-Reinoso and A. Armijos between 13 and 19 September 2003. Peru:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
|
||
Loreto: Provincia Datem del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marañón">Maranon</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Cordillera de Kampankis: Pongo de Chinim (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.113">3.1130°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-77.7762">77.7762°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 365 m above sea level, CORBIDI 09368, 09370, 09394, 9396, 10534, 10537, MUSM 28050, adult males collected by P. J. Venegas and A. Catenazzi on 3 August 2011; Quebrada Kampankis (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.0431">4.0431°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-77.5412">77.5412°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 325 m above sea level, CORBIDI 09507, 10535, adult males collected by P. J. Venegas and A. Catenazzi on 13 August 2011; Quebrada Wee (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.2041">4.2041°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-77.5298">77.5298°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 310 m above sea level, CORBIDI 09545-46, 09553, 09569, 10532-33, 10535-36, MUSM 28051, adult males, collected by P. J. Venegas and A. Catenazzi on 18 August 2011.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Throughout this section, coloration refers to preserved specimens unless otherwise noted.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a medium-sized species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Osteocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">having</pageBreakToken>
|
||
the following combination of characters: (1) size sexually dimorphic; maximum SVL in males 57.21 mm (n = 33), in females 70.88 (n = 3); (2) skin on dorsum bearing scattered tubercles in males, smooth in females; (3) skin on flanks areolate;
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
4) hand webbing formula varying from I basal II
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="1½">11/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
-21/3III2+-2IV to I basal II2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–-3–III22/3-2½">--3-III22/3-21/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
IV; foot webbing formula varying from I1-
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="2½II1-2III1+-2IV2½">21/2II1-2III1+-2IV21/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
-1+V to I0+-1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–II0+-1+III0+-1½IV1–-">-II0+-1+III0+-11/2IV1--</normalizedToken>
|
||
0+V; (5) dorsum varying from dark brown with light gray marks to cream with brown marks; (6) venter varying from light gray to dark brown with lighter dots and/or dark brown blotches; (7) cream suborbital mark present, clear labial stripe absent; (8) flanks cream with darker reticulations anteriorly and dark marks; (9) dermal roofing bones of the skull weakly exostosed; (10) in life, bones green; (11) in life, iris bronze with irregular reticulations; (12) paired vocal sacs small, located laterally, behind jaw articulation, (13) in life, juveniles with bronze iris, without pale elbows, knees, and heels; (14) larvae unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vilmae" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilmae">Osteocephalus vilmae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. The three species differ from other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Osteocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the combination of a bronze iris with irregular black reticulations (in life), areolate skin on the flanks, prominent tubercles in the tarsus and absence of a row of conspicuous tubercles in the lower jaw.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having: (1) scattered and weakly keratinized dorsal tubercles (more abundant and keratinized in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
), (2) smaller tympanum (1/5 of head length in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. 1/4 in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Fig. 5), (3) larger size (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
mean male SVL = 46.83, SD = 4.31, n = 33;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
mean male SVL = 41.12, SD = 2.45, n = 24; differences are significant: t = 5.82, P <0.001; Fig. 5), (4) darker venter (cream with brown speckling in most
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Figs 4 and 9.), (5) more extensive areolate area on flanks (from axillary region to groin in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
, restricted to anterior one third of flank in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
), (6) contrasting coloration between flanks and venter (change in coloration is gradual in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and (7) advertisement call (Fig. 11). Our phylogenetic analyses show that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not sister species (Fig. 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vilmae" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilmae">Osteocephalus vilmae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a narrower head (relative to SVL, mean male HW/SVL = 0.323, SD = 0.034, n = 33;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vilmae" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilmae">Osteocephalus vilmae</taxonomicName>
|
||
mean male HW/SVL = 0.355, SD = 0.012, n = 5; differences are significant: t = 2.06, P = 0.046) and a smaller tympanum (relative to SVL, mean male TD/SVL = 0.069, SD = 0.007, n = 33;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vilmae" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilmae">Osteocephalus vilmae</taxonomicName>
|
||
mean male TD/SVL = 0.087, SD = 0.006, n = 5; differences are significant: t = 5.17, P <0.001). According to the phylogeny,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vilmae" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilmae">Osteocephalus vilmae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not sister species (Fig. 1).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cabrerai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">Osteocephalus cabrerai</taxonomicName>
|
||
in (1) lacking prominent tubercles on the lower jaw, (2) having smooth to tuberculate outer edge of Finger IV (outer edge with fringe in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cabrerai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">Osteocephalus cabrerai</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and (3) having less webbing in the hands (in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
webbing reaches two thirds of the distance between the ultimate and penultimate tubercle of Finger IV, in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cabrerai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">Osteocephalus cabrerai</taxonomicName>
|
||
it reaches the proximal border of the ultimate tubercle; Fig. 12).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Osteocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(except
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cabrerai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">Osteocephalus cabrerai</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vilmae" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilmae">Osteocephalus vilmae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)in having a combination of prominent tubercles in the tarsus and areolate skin in the flanks. A bronze iris with black reticulations further distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus deridens" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deridens">Osteocephalus deridens</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus oophagus" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oophagus">Osteocephalus oophagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus planiceps" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">Osteocephalus planiceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus taurinus" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">Osteocephalus taurinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
which have black straight lines radiating from the pupil; iris coloration also differs in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus carri" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carri">Osteocephalus carri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus festae" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">Osteocephalus festae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus heyeri" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyeri">Osteocephalus heyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus subtilis" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subtilis">Osteocephalus subtilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus verruciger" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verruciger">Osteocephalus verruciger</taxonomicName>
|
||
which have predominantly dark irises (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jungfer, KH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="28 - 50" title="The taxonomic status of some spiny-backed treefrogs, genus Osteocephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)." volume="2407" year="2010">Jungfer 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jungfer, KH" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fuer Tierkunde Dresden" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="321 - 329" title="A new species of Osteocephalus with bicoloured iris from Pozuzo (Peru: Departamento de Pasco) (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)." volume="19" year="2001">Jungfer and Lehr 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lynch, JD" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas, y Naturales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="289 - 292" title="A new species of the genus Osteocephalus (Hylidae: Anura) from the Western Amazon." volume="26" year="2002">Lynch 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus exophthalmus" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exophthalmus">Osteocephalus exophthalmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(maximum male SVL in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
57.21, n = 33; in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus exophthalmus" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exophthalmus">Osteocephalus exophthalmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
32.7 mm, n = 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, EN" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="347 - 357" title="A new species of Osteocephalus (Anura: Hylidae) from Guyana." volume="49" year="2001">Smith and Noonan 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus fuscifacies" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscifacies">Osteocephalus fuscifacies</taxonomicName>
|
||
(maximum SVL 44.17, n = 21). Skin texture in the flanks distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(areolate) from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus mutabor" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabor">Osteocephalus mutabor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(smooth).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus inframaculatus" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inframaculatus">Osteocephalus inframaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
in coloration of the ventral surfaces of hindlimbs (bold brown blotches in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus inframaculatus" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inframaculatus">Osteocephalus inframaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jungfer, KH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="28 - 50" title="The taxonomic status of some spiny-backed treefrogs, genus Osteocephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)." volume="2407" year="2010">Jungfer 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Adult male, 52.85 mm SVL, head length 18.61, head width 18.53, eye diameter 5.08, tympanum diameter 3.31, femur length 25.84, tibia length 30.05, foot length 22.73. Head narrower than body, slightly longer than wide; snout truncate in lateral and dorsal views; distance from nostril to eye longer than diameter of eye; canthus rostralis distinct and rounded; loreal region concave; internarial area depressed; nostrils moderately protuberant, directed laterally; interorbital area flat, lateral margins of the frontoparietals inconspicuous through skin; eye large, strongly protuberant; tympanic membrane clearly evident, large, slightly wider than high, about two thirds of eye diameter, separated from eye by ca. 85% of its diameter; tympanic annulus distinct except dorsally where it is covered by supratympanic fold; posterior end of supratympanic fold reaches arm insertion. Arm slender, axillary membrane present, reaching one third of arm length; four small low tubercles present along ventrolateral edge of forearm; relative length of fingers I<II<IV<III; fingers bearing large, oval discs, that of third finger about three fourths of tympanum diameter; subarticular tubercles prominent, round to ovoid, single; supernumerary tubercles present; palmar tubercle small, elongated; prepollical tubercle large, flat, elliptical; prepollex enlarged; large dark keratinous nuptial excrescences covering inner surface of prepollex up to half the distance between subarticular tubercle and proximal border of disk of thumb; webbing formula of fingers I basal II12/3-22/3III
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="2½">21/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
-2+IV. Medium sized to small tubercles on tibiotarsal articulation; scattered tubercles on tarsus, more abundant on outer edge; small tubercles scattered along ventrolateral edge of foot; toes bearing discs slightly wider than long, smaller than those of fingers; relative length of toes I<II<V<III<IV; outer metatarsal tubercle ill defined, small, round; inner metatarsal tubercle large, ovoid; subarticular tubercles single, round, protuberant; supernumerary tubercles restricted to the soles; webbing formula of toes I1-2II1-2+III1+-2+IV2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–-">--</normalizedToken>
|
||
1V. Skin on dorsum, head, and dorsal surfaces of limbs smooth, with scattered tubercles; skin on flanks areolate; skin on venter coarsely granular; skin on ventral surfaces of head and thighs granular, those of shanks smooth. Cloacal opening directed posteriorly at upper level of thighs; short simple cloacal sheath covering cloacal opening; round tubercles below vent; two conspicuous white tubercles ventrolateral to vent. Tongue cordiform, widely attached to floor of mouth; dentigerous processes of the vomer angular, adjacent medially, posteromedial to choanae, bearing 12 and 9 (left/right) vomerine teeth; choanae trapezoidal, oblique; vocal sac barely distinct above the arm and below the ear.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Color of holotype in preservative. Dorsum brown with light gray to cream peripheral marks; dark brown, ill defined, transversal bar between orbits (Fig. 8); cream middorsal line from tip of snout to end of sacrum; dorsal surfaces of forearms brown with light
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">gray</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and dark gray marks, dorsal surfaces of thighs light gray with dark gray transversal bands, dorsal surfaces of shanks and feet brown with dark gray marks. Venter brown with light cream yellowish spots, more abundant on posterior half of the body (Fig. 9); ventral surfaces of hindlimbs and forelimbs brown with dark brown marks and conspicuous white tubercles on forearms; outer half of ventral surfaces of forearms dark brown; sides of head brown with oblique white bar from posteroventral border of orbit to border of jaw, below tympanum (Fig. 10); vertical dark brown bar below eye, anterior to white bar; area behind white bar and eye dark brown except for brown
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">periphery</pageBreakToken>
|
||
of tympanum; iris light gray with black reticulations; flanks light gray anteriorly, cream posteriorly, areolate region with gray reticulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Color of holotype in life. Based on digital photographs. Dorsum brown with green peripheral marks; dark brown, ill defined, transversal bar between orbits (Fig. 7E); dorsal surfaces of forearms brown with green and dark brown marks, dorsal surfaces of thighs dark green with dark brown transversal bands, dorsal surfaces of shanks and feet brown with dark brown marks. Sides of head brown with oblique lime bar from posteroventral border of orbit to border of jaw, below tympanum; vertical dark brown bar below eye, anterior to lime bar; area posterior to lime bar and eye dark brown except for brown periphery of tympanum; flanks light green, areolate region with dark reticulation.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">The specific name cannatellai is a noun in the genitive case and is a patronym for David C. Cannatella, who with his research has enriched the understanding of the evolution of Neotropical amphibians. He has also contributed to amphibian studies in Ecuador by providing funding and training to local scientists.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Variation in dorsal and ventral coloration of preserved specimens is shown in Figures 8 and 9. Dorsal background coloration varies from cream to light gray or brown; irregular dark brown or dark gray marks are always present (Fig. 8). Some specimens have a cream middorsal line from the tip of the snout to the mid sacrum (QCAZ 49570) or the vent (QCAZ 39633). In females, the dorsum always lacks tubercles while in males it varies between lacking tubercles (QCAZ 32508) and having scant and ill-defined non-keratinized tubercles (e.g., QCAZ 48814 and 49569). The prominence of the tubercles seems to decrease in preserved specimens: when collected, QCAZ 48744 had large conspicuous dorsal tubercles (Fig. 7), in preservative tubercles are barely noticeable.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">Ventral</pageBreakToken>
|
||
surfaces of preserved specimens (Fig. 9) vary from light gray (QCAZ 40909) to brown (QCAZ 31031). In most specimens, there are dark brown or dark gray spots, more abundant posteriorly (e.g., QCAZ 49439); QCAZ 39633 has brown blotches on the chest and venter; QCAZ 48804 has similar marks that also reach the gular region. In two Peruvian specimens ventral surfaces are light gray with few brown spots posteriorly (CORBIDI 09553) or with light brown spots, slightly visible, on gular region and belly (MUSM 28050). The gular regions in some Peruvian specimens are brown (e.g., CORBIDI 09507, 10532). Ventrally, limbs vary from light gray or light brown to dark brown; in QCAZ 33256 and 39587 black dots are present on limbs; scant cream tubercles can be present in the external edge of the forearm (e.g., QCAZ 32512). The skin of the anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs and the concealed surfaces of shanks are pale in the Peruvian specimens. The vent region is light gray to dark brown with dark brown dots. Flanks are cream to light gray, areolate in the anterior two-thirds and smooth posteriorly. In specimens from Peru the flanks are completely areolate. The areolate portion has a dark brown reticulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Head shape is truncate in dorsal and lateral view (e.g., QCAZ 39579). Lateral head coloration varies between dark brown (QCAZ 49569) to cream (QCAZ 32506). There is a cream subocular mark. The tympanic annulus is concealed dorsally and has lighter color than the background. The distal subarticular tubercle on Finger IV is single (e.g., QCAZ 40909) or bifid (e.g., QCAZ 45272).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Morphometric data pertain to adults and are summarized in Table 3.In the examined series, the largest male has a SVL of 57.21 mm and the largest female 72.77 mm; mean male SVL = 46.84 mm (n = 33, SD = 4.31), mean female SVL = 66.55 mm (n = 3, SD = 5.44). Females are significantly larger than males (t = 7.66, df = 33, P <0.001). A MANOVA on the residuals of the regressions between SVL and the other measured variables indicates lack of significant differences between sexes in size-free morphometry (F = 0.239, df = 17, P = 0.060).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="color in life">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Color in life.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Based on digital photograph of adult male QCAZ 48744 (Fig. 7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
): dorsum green with irregular light and dark brown marks; canthal region green with cream subocular mark and olive green diffuse band along the posterior half of upper lip; tympanum light brown; flanks light green with dark brown reticulation anteriorly and irregular dark brown blotches posteriorly; dorsal surfaces of thighs, shanks and forelimbs green with transversal brown bands; venter brown with irregular dark brown and cream marks; iris bronze with diffuse brown mid-horizontal line and black reticulations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Based on digital photograph of juvenile QCAZ 40859 (Fig. 7 F): dorsum green with dark brown marks; upper lip cream with transversal brown bars; flanks light green with brown marks; dorsal surfaces of arms, thighs and shanks green with brown transversal bars; external edge of tarsus with white tubercles; iris bronze with black reticulations and diffuse mid-horizontal dark band between the pupil and posterior border of iris.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
In life the Peruvian specimens have extensive blue coloration in the groins, concealed surfaces of thighs and tibia, dorsal surfaces of tarsus, armpits and posterior surfaces of arms (e.g., CORBIDI 10534; Fig. 7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
). The iris is highly variable fro
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">m</pageBreakToken>
|
||
light cream to brownish cream and dark brown (CORBIDI 09394); there are always black reticulations and a diffuse mid-horizontal dark band. Some individuals have a diffuse vertical dark band below the pupil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Green coloration in life changes to cream in preserved specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Call. Males call from vegetation next to rivers or streams. Acoustic parameters of the advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
are shown in Table 4. The call consists of two
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">components</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. The first is obligatory and consists of one to five rattle-like notes. The second component is facultative and consists of one to three quacks. The first component is pulsed and lacks harmonic structure; the second component has visible harmonics and reaches higher amplitude than the first component (Fig. 11).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ markedly from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 11) consist of a pulsed
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="rattle–like">rattle-like</normalizedToken>
|
||
note repeated at irregular intervals and without a second component. Those calls have a shorter duration, higher repetition rate, and fewer pulses than calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded at twelve localities, all of them south of the Napo river, in the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Amazon basin (Provincias Morona Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Zamora-Chinchipe, and Datem del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marañón">Maranon</normalizedToken>
|
||
; Fig. 2). Localities with known elevation (El
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Edén">Eden</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Huino, Yachana, Zanjarajuno,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Maderoyacu, Hola Vida, Bobonaza, Nuevo Israel, Yawi, and Kampankis) have a range between 200 and 1290 m above sea level. Maximum airline distance between localities is 531 km.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurssympatrically with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Reserva Yachana and with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus fuscifacies" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscifacies">Osteocephalus fuscifacies</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus mutabor" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabor">Osteocephalus mutabor</taxonomicName>
|
||
at
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pucayacu, Nuevo Israel and Hola Vida.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Most</pageBreakToken>
|
||
specimens were collected at
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pucayacu, a river surrounded by a mixture of primary and secondary forest. Frogs were found next to the river, perching over broad leaves or on tree branches 50 to 230 cm above the ground. At the collection site, the river has an average width of approximately 10 m, fast running water, and a rocky bottom. Males were calling next to the river between June 26 and July 3 2010. Several adults and a juvenile were found on a small stream, tributary of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Rivadeneira, surrounded by secondary forest, near
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pucayacu, in March 2008.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Vegetation types (according to the classification of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sierra, R" journalOrPublisher="Proyecto INEFAN / GEF-BIRF, Wildlife Conservation Society y Ecociencia, Quito" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" title="Mapa de vegetacion del Ecuador Continental 1: 1 ' 000.000." year="1999">Sierra et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are: (1) Amazonian Mountain Range Evergreen Foothill Forest, characterized by a mixture of
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">Amazonian</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and Andean vegetation with a canopy of 30 m (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pucayacu, Bobonaza, and Yawi), (2) Amazonian Lowland Evergreen Forests, characterized by high plant alpha-diversity and a canopy of 30 m with emergent trees that reach 40 m (Huino,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Maderoyacu, Reserva Yachana), and (3) Amazonian Lower Montane Evergreen Forest, with an elevational range of 1300 to 2000 m above sea level, its canopy can reach 25 to 30 m (Nuevo Israel;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sierra, R" journalOrPublisher="Proyecto INEFAN / GEF-BIRF, Wildlife Conservation Society y Ecociencia, Quito" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" title="Mapa de vegetacion del Ecuador Continental 1: 1 ' 000.000." year="1999">Sierra et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ceron, C" editor="Sierra, R" journalOrPublisher="Proyecto INEFAN / GERF-BIRF y Ecociencia, Quito" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" title="Las formaciones naturales de la Costa del Ecuador." volumeTitle="Propuesta preliminar de un sistema de clasificacion de vegetacion para el Ecuador continental." year="1999">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Specimens from Peru were collected in Cordillera de Kampankis within an elevational range of 300 to 365 m above sea level in tall, closed-canopy forest on low hills with well-drained soils at the base of the mountains. The soils have variable proportions of silt, clay and sand, but there are some small patches of sandy soil and limestone outcrops. The forest canopy is about 30 m tall, with emergent trees reaching 45 m. All individuals were collected in riparian vegetation of low-velocity and low-volume streams with rounded slate rocks lining the stream bed. Some individual were found on leafs of dense populations of rheophytic plants or shrubby
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Pitcairnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pitcairnia aphelandriflora" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aphelandriflora">Pitcairnia aphelandriflora</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Bromeliaceae" lsidName="Bromeliaceae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="genus">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Other individuals were found on branches of bushes between 50 and 200 cm above the ground. Other arboreal frogs at the site were
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus mutabor" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabor">Osteocephalus mutabor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypsiboas cinerascens" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">Hypsiboas cinerascens</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gastrotheca longipes" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">Gastrotheca longipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Figure 6. Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cabrerai" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">Osteocephalus cabrerai</taxonomicName>
|
||
,and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus germani" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="germani">Osteocephalus germani</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, circles;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cabrerai" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">Osteocephalus cabrerai</taxonomicName>
|
||
, triangles, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus germani" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="germani">Osteocephalus germani</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hexagons. The type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shown with a star. Locality data from the literature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="329 - 376" title="Amphibians and reptiles from nortern Departamento Loreto, Peru: taxonomy and biogeography." volume="55" year="1995">Duellman and Mendelson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jungfer, KH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="28 - 50" title="The taxonomic status of some spiny-backed treefrogs, genus Osteocephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)." volume="2407" year="2010">Jungfer 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peracca, MG" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata, Universita di Torino" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 41" title="Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nell'Ecuador e regioni vicine." volume="465" year="1904">Peracca 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ron, SR" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="67 - 92" title="Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic position of Osteocephalus festae (Anura: Hylidae) with description of its larva." url="10.3897/zookeys.70.765" volume="70" year="2010">Ron et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and specimens deposited at Museo de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zoología">Zoologia</normalizedToken>
|
||
of Pontificia Universidad
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Católica">Catolica</normalizedToken>
|
||
del Ecuador, the Herpetology Collection, Escuela
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Politécnica">Politecnica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Nacional, and Centro de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ornitología">Ornitologia</normalizedToken>
|
||
y Biodiversidad CORBIDI.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Figure 7. Dorsolateral and ventral views of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Osteocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, QCAZ 43071, adult female, SVL = 50.95 mm, Jatun Sacha, Ecuador
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
QCAZ 48744, adult male, SVL = 51.96 mm, Reserva Zanjarajuno,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pucayacu, Ecuador E
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
, amplectant pair QCAZ 49572 (holotype) adult male, SVL = 52.85 mm, from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pucayacu, Provincia Pastaza, Ecuador F
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
QCAZ 40859, juvenile, SVL = 26.7 mm (type locality)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CORBIDI 10534) from Cordillera Kampankis, Peru. Photographs E by R. Tarvin and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
by A. Catenazzi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Figure 8. Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing variation in dorsal coloration of preserved specimens. Left to right, upper row (dark morphs): QCAZ 49439, 31051 (females), 40258, 49022, 45271 (males); lower row (light morphs): QCAZ 37175, 48744, 48797, 39633, 46472 (males). Ecuador, Provincia Morona Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza and Zamora Chinchipe. All specimens are shown at the same scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Figure 9. Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing variation in ventral coloration of preserved specimens. Specimen identity and arrangement is the same as in Figure 8. All specimens are shown at the same scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Figure 10. Lateral view of the head of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(QCAZ 49572).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Figure 11. Advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Osteocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(QCAZ8322) from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Piraña">Pirana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Provincia Orellana, Ecuador;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Jatun Sacha, Provincia Napo, Ecuador. A and E are oscillograms, B and F spectrograms, C and G power spectra of complete call, and D power spectra of quacks (second component).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Figure 12. Ventral views of the left hand and foot of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Osteocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">Osteocephalus buckleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tarangaro, Ecuador, SVL = 39.8 mm, QCAZ 39191) B
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">Osteocephalus cannatellai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Zanjarajuno, Ecuador, SVL = 45.32 mm, QCAZ 45907)and C
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cabrerai" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">Osteocephalus cabrerai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cuyabeno, Ecuador, SVL = 41.62 mm, EPN-H 7204). Hand and foot are shown at the same scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |