338 lines
69 KiB
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338 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="C893876481A5F53BCD1726CE09D9AFC8" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.282.3.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645684" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725371375765" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lamprinou, Vasiliki, Christodoulou, Maria, Hernandez-Marine, Mariona, Parmakelis, Aristeidis & Economou-Amilli, Athena" docDate="2016" docId="03DB807FFF891019FF631F5BB3966CF4" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.282.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 282 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.282.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Spelaeonaias floccida Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez-Marine et Economou-Amilli 2016" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="180" masterDocId="FFE2F807FF8D1010FFEB1C6FB7286976" masterDocTitle="Spelaeonaias gen. nov., a new true-branched cyanobacterium from Cave Vlychada (Diros, Peloponnese, Greece)" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="171" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1725373785419" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="C44988C63BD590FD4D80A02AEBFD289E">Spelaeonaias gen. nov., a new true-branched cyanobacterium from Cave Vlychada (Diros, Peloponnese, Greece)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E711E02B74EE363995E8A8D583AEBB7E">Lamprinou, Vasiliki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="327781E0E52277F52401514AD4342DA4">National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15784, Greece</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2ECA390720E4842DEC21569C5BBC7825">Christodoulou, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B9945CB430AD1478EF322149A3E76956">National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15784, Greece</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="973B9503A30BD487A9A53C21743A331C">Hernandez-Marine, Mariona</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="57DAF0D6034D25F2F14710EB113F1705">University of Barcelona, Faculty of Pharmacy, Botany, Av. Joan XXIII s / n, E- 08028 Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="01B0A83353E58BF5F20773FB3706969C">Parmakelis, Aristeidis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C2E6C8E467B2BFD498369BE1C120F65A">National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15784, Greece</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="159244BED3AE7B0A9FF4D1EE53EACBF5">Economou-Amilli, Athena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8B52577043B55A075459B5B9CC06E63F">National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15784, Greece</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="969963FD3E98EDCA1C609CFBC56B8319">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7BBE2669D086A0A33CA0A63F968283C8">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DB807FFF891019FF631F5BB3966CF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645698" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645698" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB807FFF891019FF631F5BB3966CF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DB807FFF891019FF631F5BB3966CF4" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
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<heading id="D0858605FF891014FF631F5BB2886A39" bold="true" box="[136,1440,820,847]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF631F5BB2886A39" bold="true" box="[136,1440,820,847]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF891014FF631F5BB4486A39" authority="Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez" authorityName="Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez-Marine et Economou-Amilli" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,864,820,847]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="floccida">
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<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF631F5BB6AC6A39" bold="true" box="[136,388,820,847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Spelaeonaias floccida</emphasis>
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Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernández
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</taxonomicName>
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-Mariné
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<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FC3B1F5BB4CC6A38" bold="true" box="[976,996,820,846]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">et</emphasis>
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Economou-Amilli,
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<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FB261F5BB20B6A38" bold="true" box="[1229,1315,820,846]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FAD91F59B2B06A39" box="[1330,1432,822,847]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionStartId-1="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" captionStartId-2="7.[136,229,1799,1820]" captionStartId-3="8.[136,229,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,190,1665]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,317,1774]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,190,1748]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1665]" captionTargetId-2="figure-77@7.[151,1436,317,1774]" captionTargetId-3="figure-14@8.[151,1436,190,1748]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. A–F. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. A–D. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida showing cell division and mode of branching.A. Filament with short barrel cells showing a general view of dividing cells for branch formation; the oblique division of an initial cell at arrow. B. Oblique section at a particular part of a filament showing one heterocyte (h) with a polar plug of cyanophycin (cy) connected to the adjacent cell by a neck; note the extra wall layer (wl) surrounding the heterocyte. C. Cell division at a certain region of the filament and formation of a new septum (s); D–E. After the first division of the initial cell (ic) the resulting cell (arrow) changes polarity and is further dividing for the formation of a secondary branch. Scale bars = 2 μm (B) and 5 μm (A–D)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. A–C. Confocal (CLSM) photomicrographs showing filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida covered by sheaths. A. 41 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing the Y-type of true branching; note the central spaces devoid of fluorescence in the filaments, corresponding to the area of nucleoids. B. 30 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing a degraded basal cell (dc) promoting a false branching. C. Main filament with secondary branches; division of initial cells (at arrows) implying further formation of secondary branches. Color allocation: DNA nucleic acids labelled with Hoechst 33258, cyan; reflection from minerals, white; autofluorescence of extracellular polymeric substances, green; colocalized autofluorescence of cyanobacteria in the red (phycobilins) and blue channels (chlorophylls), magenta. Scale bars = 10 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645690" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645692" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13645690/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13645692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF891014FF631F11B5486CF9" blockId="4.[136,1452,894,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
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Thallus woolly, partly growing subaerophytically with densely coiled and/or parallel-arranged filaments. Filaments long, isopolar, very slightly attenuated towards the ends. Sometimes heteropolar young filaments are obvious germinating from hormogonia with a basal heterocyte (
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<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FD9D1FA9B5ED6AA9" box="[630,709,966,991]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
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). Filaments true-branched with a Y-like
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<typeStatus id="54C98FCBFF891014FB761FA9B3E56AA9" box="[1181,1229,966,991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">type</typeStatus>
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of branching (
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<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FA911FA9B7BA6D75" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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A-B,1F, 4A), rarely with false scytonematoid branching (
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<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FCC71F85B4A26D75" box="[812,906,1002,1027]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FC721F85B4956D75" box="[921,957,1002,1027]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[151,1436,190,1748]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–C. Confocal (CLSM) photomicrographs showing filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida covered by sheaths. A. 41 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing the Y-type of true branching; note the central spaces devoid of fluorescence in the filaments, corresponding to the area of nucleoids. B. 30 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing a degraded basal cell (dc) promoting a false branching. C. Main filament with secondary branches; division of initial cells (at arrows) implying further formation of secondary branches. Color allocation: DNA nucleic acids labelled with Hoechst 33258, cyan; reflection from minerals, white; autofluorescence of extracellular polymeric substances, green; colocalized autofluorescence of cyanobacteria in the red (phycobilins) and blue channels (chlorophylls), magenta. Scale bars = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">4B</figureCitation>
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). Y-type of branching originating from the oblique division of an intercalary cell followed by a second oblique division perpendicular to the previous one but without lateral displacement of the branch point (
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<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FD57185DB4316D3D" box="[700,793,1074,1099]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FCC3185DB4646D3D" box="[808,844,1074,1099]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[151,1436,190,1748]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–C. Confocal (CLSM) photomicrographs showing filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida covered by sheaths. A. 41 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing the Y-type of true branching; note the central spaces devoid of fluorescence in the filaments, corresponding to the area of nucleoids. B. 30 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing a degraded basal cell (dc) promoting a false branching. C. Main filament with secondary branches; division of initial cells (at arrows) implying further formation of secondary branches. Color allocation: DNA nucleic acids labelled with Hoechst 33258, cyan; reflection from minerals, white; autofluorescence of extracellular polymeric substances, green; colocalized autofluorescence of cyanobacteria in the red (phycobilins) and blue channels (chlorophylls), magenta. Scale bars = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">4C</figureCitation>
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). Heterocytes intercalary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FB92185DB22C6D3D" box="[1145,1284,1074,1099]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 1D, 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
), 5.2–10.7 μm (8.15 μm ± 1.63, n=30) wide and 6.7–15 μm (9.62 μm ± 2.85, n=30) long with a pale yellow content. Mature filaments 7.8–12 μm (9.55 μm ± 0.99, n=30) wide. Branches narrower than the main filament, 4.84–8.1 μm (6.58 μm ± 0.91, n=30) wide. Sheath thin and firm, colorless. Trichomes constricted at the cross walls and extending slightly attenuated at the ends. Cells cylindrical or dolichoform to barrel-shaped, 5.16–13 μm (8.2 μm ± 1.9, n=30) long at the mature filaments, and 8.17–15.6 μm (10.98 μm ± 2.34, n=30) long at the young filaments, with smooth finely granulated content, blue-green to violet-brownish due to the phycoerythrin predominance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FC121965B3146C55" box="[1017,1084,1290,1315]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,229,680,701]" captionTargetBox="[409,1175,190,655]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[409,1177,190,655]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fluorescence emission spectrum of cells obtained by the Lambda scan module of CLSM. Two-dimensional spectral characteristic of fluorescence is illuminated with the blue laser (488 nm) andrecorded as arbitrary units.Note the first peak for phycoerythrin (PE) (582 nm) and the second for phycobiliproteins (PC: phycocyanin and APC: allophycocyanin) (669 nm) including the small shoulder for chlorophyll a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645694/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). End cells more or less rounded. Ensheathed hormogonia 32.74–73.69 μm (53.5 μm ± 11.49, n=30) long and 6.73–9.07 μm (7.88 μm ± 0.76, n=30) wide, maintaining 4–17 cells and growing subaerophytically at the ends or at intercalary sites of the trichomes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FA91193DB7F86CF9" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 1H, 1I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Necridic cells sometimes present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36862E2FF891014FF5619F5B42D6CC5" box="[189,773,1434,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF891014FF5619F5B42D6CC5" blockId="4.[136,1452,894,1999]" box="[189,773,1434,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF5619F5B6166CC5" bold="true" box="[189,318,1434,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Habitat:—</emphasis>
|
||
Dim-light calcareous substrata, in caves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36862E2FF891014FF5619D1B69F6C8D" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF891014FF5619D1B2576CA1" blockId="4.[136,1452,894,1999]" box="[189,1407,1470,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF5619D1B64C6CA1" bold="true" box="[189,356,1470,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Etymology:—</emphasis>
|
||
floc’.ci.da (adj. femin; Lat. floccidus –a, –um); from floccus (pl. flocci) = tuft of hair or wool.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF891014FF56198DB69F6C8D" blockId="4.[136,1452,894,1999]" box="[189,439,1506,1531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF56198DB69F6C8D" bold="true" box="[189,439,1506,1531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Strains:—KY018918</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36862E2FF891019FF561A69B3966CF4" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF891014FF561A69B3626F11" blockId="4.[136,1452,894,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF561A69B6366F69" bold="true" box="[189,286,1542,1567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Type:—</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1A3B34FF891014FEF61A69B5466F11" collectionCode="N, E" country="Greece" county="Herbarium of Botanical Museum" location="Cave" municipality="Diros' cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" specimenCode="ATHU-CY 3375" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36571F9FF891014FEF61A69B6A66F69" box="[285,398,1542,1567]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">GREECE</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EAD67B2FF891014FE761A69B6FF6F69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB807FFF891019FF631F5BB3966CF4:8EAD67B2FF891014FE761A69B6FF6F69" box="[413,471,1542,1567]" country="Greece" county="Herbarium of Botanical Museum" municipality="Diros' cave" name="Cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Cave</location>
|
||
‘
|
||
<location id="8EAD67B2FF891014FE0D1A69B54A6F69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB807FFF891019FF631F5BB3966CF4:8EAD67B2FF891014FE0D1A69B54A6F69" box="[486,610,1542,1567]" country="Greece" county="Herbarium of Botanical Museum" municipality="Diros' cave" name="Vlychada'" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Vlychada’</location>
|
||
, part of ‘
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA9AB13FF891014FD3B1A69B4716F69" box="[720,857,1542,1567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Diros’ cave</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
complex (36
|
||
<superScript id="7C079C21FF891014FC1E1A6BB4D56F64" attach="none" box="[1013,1021,1540,1554]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">ο</superScript>
|
||
38.316’
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF891014FBBE1A69B3436F69" box="[1109,1131,1542,1567]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
, 022
|
||
<superScript id="7C079C21FF891014FB4F1A6BB3846F64" attach="none" box="[1188,1196,1540,1554]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">ο</superScript>
|
||
22.709’
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF891014FAE71A69B2086F69" box="[1292,1312,1542,1567]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
|
||
), (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C98FCBFF891014FAAA1A69B28F6F69" box="[1345,1447,1542,1567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD49912FF891014FF631A45B6696F35" box="[136,321,1578,1603]" collectionCode="ATHU-CY" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">ATHU-CY 3375</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62AC49E5FF891014FEA41A45B5EC6F35" box="[335,708,1578,1603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Herbarium of Botanical Museum</collectingCounty>
|
||
of the Athens University, Greece), Reference strain:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF891014FAFD1A45B6256F11" authority="PH" authorityName="Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez-Marine et Economou-Amilli" authorityYear="2016" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="floccida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FAFD1A45B7CA6F11" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Spelaeonaias floccida</emphasis>
|
||
PH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
00323987 (culture collection in
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1A3B34FF891014FD9F1A21B3626F11" box="[628,1098,1614,1639]" country="Philippines" location="Academy of Natural Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36571F9FF891014FD9F1A21B5B36F11" box="[628,667,1614,1639]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">PH</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8EAD67B2FF891014FD4E1A21B4DE6F11" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB807FFF891019FF631F5BB3966CF4:8EAD67B2FF891014FD4E1A21B4DE6F11" box="[677,1014,1614,1639]" country="Philippines" name="Academy of Natural Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Academy of Natural Sciences</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36571F9FF891014FBEA1A21B3166F11" box="[1025,1086,1614,1639]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF891014FF561A1DB2646FD9" blockId="4.[136,1452,894,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF561A1DB68F6FFD" bold="true" box="[189,423,1650,1675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">SEM observations:</emphasis>
|
||
—SEM examination confirms the morphology of the trichomes as being cylindrical or dolichoform, the presence of Y-like branching (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FD711AF9B40A6FD9" box="[666,802,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 1E, 1G</figureCitation>
|
||
) as well as the presence of hormogonia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FB051AF9B2156FD9" box="[1262,1341,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Fig. 1J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF891017FF561AD5B6576853" blockId="4.[136,1452,894,1999]" lastBlockId="7.[136,1452,160,293]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FF561AD5B6E96FA5" bold="true" box="[189,449,1722,1747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">TEM observations:—</emphasis>
|
||
ΤΕΜ ultrastructure of
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF891014FD541AD5B46E6FA5" box="[703,838,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Spelaeonais</emphasis>
|
||
is seen in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FC541AD5B3106FA5" box="[959,1080,1722,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1665]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 2A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FBA81AD5B3A36FA5" box="[1091,1163,1722,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1799,1820]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,317,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-77@7.[151,1436,317,1774]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida showing cell division and mode of branching.A. Filament with short barrel cells showing a general view of dividing cells for branch formation; the oblique division of an initial cell at arrow. B. Oblique section at a particular part of a filament showing one heterocyte (h) with a polar plug of cyanophycin (cy) connected to the adjacent cell by a neck; note the extra wall layer (wl) surrounding the heterocyte. C. Cell division at a certain region of the filament and formation of a new septum (s); D–E. After the first division of the initial cell (ic) the resulting cell (arrow) changes polarity and is further dividing for the formation of a secondary branch. Scale bars = 2 μm (B) and 5 μm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645690/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">3A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
. The cells are bound by a sheath formed by layers of different electron densities; the thick inner layer is parallel to the cell wall while the external ones are diffluent. Outside the plasma membrane, the cell wall comprises a thin layer of peptidoglycan (c.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8A9C8CFF891014FAC71B6DB25C6E6D" box="[1324,1396,1794,1819]" metricMagnitude="-8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" unit="nm" value="75.0">75 nm</quantity>
|
||
) and an outer membrane (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF891014FE811B49B6B26E49" box="[362,410,1830,1855]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">OM</collectionCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FE441B49B5046E49" box="[431,556,1830,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1665]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 2A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is not part of the septum. The peptidoglycan layer is crossed by pores, but plasmodesmata were not observed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FDF81B25B5446E15" box="[531,620,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1665]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF891014FD441B25B5F76E15" box="[687,735,1866,1891]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">OM</collectionCode>
|
||
, together with the sheath, maintains the structure of the branched filament, even if the cells are no longer in contact. Nucleoid region is scattered throughout the cyatoplasm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FACC1B01B2886EF1" box="[1319,1440,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1665]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Figs 2E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In this region there are ribosomes, carboxysomes (surrounded by an outer shell) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF891014FBD41BFDB3B06EDD" box="[1087,1176,1938,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1665]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and storage inclusions such as polyphosphate bodies, appearing black or as electron transparent reserve spaces. It is conspicuous that the thylakoidal system surrounds the nucleoid regions with the thylakoids arranged in small curved or whorled parallel groups (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF8B1016FF0D1B90B65D616E" box="[230,373,2047,2072]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1665]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Figs 2A, 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Heterocytes are developed either in the main filament or in the lateral branches; their shape and size were similar to the originating cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF8A1017FD621CCFB5C969CF" box="[649,737,160,185]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1799,1820]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,317,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-77@7.[151,1436,317,1774]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida showing cell division and mode of branching.A. Filament with short barrel cells showing a general view of dividing cells for branch formation; the oblique division of an initial cell at arrow. B. Oblique section at a particular part of a filament showing one heterocyte (h) with a polar plug of cyanophycin (cy) connected to the adjacent cell by a neck; note the extra wall layer (wl) surrounding the heterocyte. C. Cell division at a certain region of the filament and formation of a new septum (s); D–E. After the first division of the initial cell (ic) the resulting cell (arrow) changes polarity and is further dividing for the formation of a secondary branch. Scale bars = 2 μm (B) and 5 μm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645690/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cell division proceeds by the formation of a septum, which is continuous with the peptidoglycan layer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF8A1017FDB11CABB59B69AB" box="[602,691,196,221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1799,1820]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,317,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-77@7.[151,1436,317,1774]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida showing cell division and mode of branching.A. Filament with short barrel cells showing a general view of dividing cells for branch formation; the oblique division of an initial cell at arrow. B. Oblique section at a particular part of a filament showing one heterocyte (h) with a polar plug of cyanophycin (cy) connected to the adjacent cell by a neck; note the extra wall layer (wl) surrounding the heterocyte. C. Cell division at a certain region of the filament and formation of a new septum (s); D–E. After the first division of the initial cell (ic) the resulting cell (arrow) changes polarity and is further dividing for the formation of a secondary branch. Scale bars = 2 μm (B) and 5 μm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645690/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). At a certain point of the filament, a cell is dividing diagonally and the resulting two cells change division polarity thus forming one or two secondary branches perpendicular to the main axis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF8A1017FF2F1D63B65B6853" box="[196,371,268,293]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1799,1820]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,317,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-77@7.[151,1436,317,1774]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D. TEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida showing cell division and mode of branching.A. Filament with short barrel cells showing a general view of dividing cells for branch formation; the oblique division of an initial cell at arrow. B. Oblique section at a particular part of a filament showing one heterocyte (h) with a polar plug of cyanophycin (cy) connected to the adjacent cell by a neck; note the extra wall layer (wl) surrounding the heterocyte. C. Cell division at a certain region of the filament and formation of a new septum (s); D–E. After the first division of the initial cell (ic) the resulting cell (arrow) changes polarity and is further dividing for the formation of a secondary branch. Scale bars = 2 μm (B) and 5 μm (A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645690/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Figs 3A, 3E–D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0D61E1FF881015FF631B0FB36D615F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" startId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" targetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF881015FF631B0FB36D615F" blockId="5.[136,1452,1888,2089]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF881015FF631B0FB7D66E03" bold="true" box="[136,254,1888,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF881015FDB31B0FB4376E03" box="[600,799,1888,1909]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="floccid">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF881015FDB31B0FB4376E03" box="[600,799,1888,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Spelaeonaias floccid</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a. A. Filaments of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF881015FC3A1B0FB38C6E03" authorityName="Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez-Marine et Economou-Amilli" authorityYear="2016" box="[977,1188,1888,1909]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="floccida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF881015FC3A1B0FB38C6E03" box="[977,1188,1888,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Spelaeonaias floccida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0D61E1FF8B1016FF631AF5B60E6EDD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645688" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645688/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" startId="6.[136,229,1690,1711]" targetBox="[151,1435,190,1665]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF8B1016FF631AF5B60E6EDD" blockId="6.[136,1453,1690,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF8B1016FF631AF5B62A6FD9" bold="true" box="[136,258,1690,1711]" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
A–F. TEM micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF8B1016FDC81AF5B5D26FD9" authorityName="Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez-Marine et Economou-Amilli" authorityYear="2016" box="[547,762,1690,1711]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="floccida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF8B1016FDC81AF5B5D26FD9" box="[547,762,1690,1711]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Spelaeonaias floccida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Longitudinal section showing a septum (s) without intercellular connection between vegetative cells, the outer membrane (om) and the plasma membrane (pm). Note the thick and compact sheath near the cell wall, becoming diffluent externally. the thylakoids are scattered throughout the cyatoplasm forming curled bundles of 2–4 parallel arranged membranes, with phycobilisomes (pb) on their surface. B. Grazing thin section providing a top view of phycobilisomes as stellate structures, associated with thylakoidal membranes; the plasma membrane is followed by a thin layer of peptidoglycan (pl) and an outer membrane (om). C. Carboxysomes (cb) seen as polyhedral bodies. D. Peptidoglycan layer crossed by pore structures (arrow). E–F. Nucleoid regions surrounded by thylakoids and scattered through the cytoplasm; cy = cyanophycin granule. Scale bars = 500 nm (A, C–F) and 100 nm (B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0D61E1FF8A1017FF631B68B5CE6EA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645690" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645690/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" startId="7.[136,229,1799,1820]" targetBox="[151,1435,317,1774]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF8A1017FF631B68B5CE6EA6" blockId="7.[136,1452,1799,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF8A1017FF631B68B7D56E6A" bold="true" box="[136,253,1799,1820]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
A–D. TEM micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF8A1017FDE31B68B5F36E6A" authorityName="Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez-Marine et Economou-Amilli" authorityYear="2016" box="[520,731,1799,1820]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="floccida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF8A1017FDE31B68B5F36E6A" box="[520,731,1799,1820]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Spelaeonaias floccida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing cell division and mode of branching. A. Filament with short barrel cells showing a general view of dividing cells for branch formation; the oblique division of an initial cell at arrow. B. Oblique section at a particular part of a filament showing one heterocyte (h) with a polar plug of cyanophycin (cy) connected to the adjacent cell by a neck; note the extra wall layer (wl) surrounding the heterocyte. C. Cell division at a certain region of the filament and formation of a new septum (s); D–E. After the first division of the initial cell (ic) the resulting cell (arrow) changes polarity and is further dividing for the formation of a secondary branch. Scale bars = 2 μm (B) and 5 μm (A–D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0D61E1FF851018FF631A82B5116EAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645692/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" startId="8.[136,229,1773,1794]" targetBox="[151,1435,190,1748]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF851018FF631A82B5116EAC" blockId="8.[136,1452,1773,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF851018FF631A82B6296E74" bold="true" box="[136,257,1773,1794]" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
A–C. Confocal (CLSM) photomicrographs showing filaments of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF851018FC711A82B3596E74" authorityName="Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez-Marine et Economou-Amilli" authorityYear="2016" box="[922,1137,1773,1794]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="floccida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF851018FC711A82B3596E74" box="[922,1137,1773,1794]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">Spelaeonaias floccida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
covered by sheaths. A. 41 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing the Y-type of true branching; note the central spaces devoid of fluorescence in the filaments, corresponding to the area of nucleoids. B. 30 x-y optical sections (z step= 0.13 μm) showing a degraded basal cell (dc) promoting a false branching. C. Main filament with secondary branches; division of initial cells (at arrows) implying further formation of secondary branches. Color allocation: DNA nucleic acids labelled with Hoechst 33258, cyan; reflection from minerals, white; autofluorescence of extracellular polymeric substances, green; colocalized autofluorescence of cyanobacteria in the red (phycobilins) and blue channels (chlorophylls), magenta. Scale bars = 10 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0D61E1FF841019FF631EC7B6186A5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645694" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13645694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645694/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" startId="9.[136,229,680,701]" targetBox="[409,1175,190,655]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF841019FF631EC7B6186A5F" blockId="9.[136,1452,680,809]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FF631EC7B62B6BCB" bold="true" box="[136,259,680,701]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Fluorescence emission spectrum of cells obtained by the Lambda scan module of CLSM. Two-dimensional spectral characteristic of fluorescence is illuminated with the blue laser (488 nm) and recorded as arbitrary units. Note the first peak for phycoerythrin (PE) (582 nm) and the second for phycobiliproteins (PC: phycocyanin and APC: allophycocyanin) (669 nm) including the small shoulder for chlorophyll a.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF841019FF561F36B3C26D54" blockId="9.[136,1452,857,1410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FF561F36B5E06A04" bold="true" box="[189,712,857,882]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">Sequence data and phylogenetic analyses:—</emphasis>
|
||
All 11 clones of the single PCR product sequenced have generated identical sequences. The length of the generated sequence was 631 bp (GenBank accession number:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF841019FB1F1F13B2346AE3" box="[1268,1308,892,917]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14538" name="University of Kentucky" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" type="Herbarium">KY</collectionCode>
|
||
018918 after the acceptance of the manuscript). The aligned dataset was composed of 72 sequences and was 2164 bp long. The length difference between the generated sequence and the aligned dataset is due to the fact that for the taxa retrieved from GenBank the longest possible portion of their 16
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF841019FD081F89B5DA6A89" box="[739,754,998,1023]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
||
rRNA sequence was retained. In the aligned dataset 1195 sites were variable, 609 of which were parsimony informative. The overall mean distance was 0.08 (8%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD3169FF841019FF561843B3966CF4" blockId="9.[136,1452,857,1410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">
|
||
The phylogenetic tree inferred from MrBayes, representing the evolutionary relationships of our sample to the remaining 71 sequences, is provided in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF841019FD6A1820B5E06D1E" box="[641,712,1103,1128]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1659,1680]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,190,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-14@10.[237,1351,190,1635]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. The 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from MrBayes. Posterior probalities are provided on or below the nodes.The GenBank accession numbers of sequences are given on the right of the taxa names. The scale corresponds to substitutions/site. Characters in bold indicate the taxon from Vlychada Cave." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645696/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
. The posterior probabilities of the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF841019FBB01820B35F6D1E" box="[1115,1143,1103,1128]" country="Italy" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13366" name="Istituto Ortobotanico" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" type="Herbarium">BI</collectionCode>
|
||
analysis are shown on the nodes. The tree is relatively well resolved in its greater part. The respective tree generated from
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF841019FB1D181DB2666DFD" box="[1270,1358,1138,1163]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">BEAST</collectionCode>
|
||
v.1.8.2. is provided in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492DECFF841019FEDF18F9B6A16DD9" box="[308,393,1174,1199]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1888,1909]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[164,1423,187,1860]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–J. LM and SEM micrographs of Spelaeonaias floccida. A. Filaments of Spelaeonaias floccida showing the main filament and the secondary branches. B. Division of an initial cell, giving rise to two cells that change division polarity for the formation of a secondary branch. C. Secondary filament with a necridic cell (nc). D–G. Main and secondary filaments with the characteristic Y-type of branching; heterocytes at arrows. H. Hormogonia with an intercalary heterocyte at arrow. I. A single hormogonium with a terminal heterocyte (arrow). J. Single hormogonium as seen under SEM; the heterocyte (arrow) in a secondary filament is also obvious. Figs A–B from fresh material. Figs C–J from cultures. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–D, F, H, I) and 20 μm (Ε, G, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13645686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13645686/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">Fig. S1</figureCitation>
|
||
(see supplementary file). According to the trees inferred both from MrBayes and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF841019FAA518F9B2806DD9" box="[1358,1448,1174,1199]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">BEAST</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FF6318D6B6356DA4" authorityName="Lamprinou, Christodoulou, Hernandez-Marine et Economou-Amilli" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,285,1209,1234]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Spelaeonaias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FF6318D6B6356DA4" box="[136,285,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">Spelaeonaias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms a well-supported monophyletic clade with the strains “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FC3818D6B3A96DA4" authorityName="Anagnostidis et Komarek" authorityYear="1990" box="[979,1153,1209,1234]" class="Cyanophyceae" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Stigonematales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="order">Stigonematales</taxonomicName>
|
||
cyanobacterium
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF841019FAA818D6B2416DA4" box="[1347,1385,1209,1234]" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">SA</collectionCode>
|
||
1301” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FF2E18B3B65B6D83" authorityName="Anagnostidis et Komarek" authorityYear="1990" box="[197,371,1244,1269]" class="Cyanophyceae" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Stigonematales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="order">Stigonematales</taxonomicName>
|
||
cyanobacterium
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED63A9ACFF841019FDD018B3B5736D83" box="[571,603,1244,1269]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
|
||
302” (GenBank codes HQ917695 and HQ917696 respectively) described from Maltese catacombs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34C98FF841019FE4C1890B5AA6C6E" author="Zammit, G. & Kastovsky, J. & Albertano, P." box="[423,642,1279,1304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref10390" refString="Zammit, G., Kastovsky, J. & Albertano, P. (2010) A first cytomorphological and molecular characterisation of a new Stigonematalean cyanobacterial morphotype isolated from Maltese catacombs. Algological Studies 136: 1 - 14. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1127 / 1864 - 1318 / 2010 / 0135 - 0001" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Zammit
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FDEC1890B5176C6E" box="[519,575,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the relationship of this group with other taxa belonging to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FF3C194DB6ED6C4D" authorityName="Hoffmann, Komarek et Kastovsky" authorityYear="2005" box="[215,453,1314,1339]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Symphyonemataceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="family">Symphyonemataceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(incl.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FDE0194DB5E76C4D" box="[523,719,1314,1339]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Scytonemataceae" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="family">Scytonemataceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is moderately resolved since some of true-branched strains of the genera
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FF311929B5946C29" box="[218,700,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FF311929B61A6C29" authorityName="Lamprinou et Pantazidou (2011:" authorityYear="2909" box="[218,306,1350,1375]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bodotriidae" genus="Iphinoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cumacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Iphinoe</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FED51929B6CB6C29" authorityName="Jao" authorityYear="1944" box="[318,483,1350,1375]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Symphyonema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Symphyonema</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FE041929B5946C29" authorityName="Tiwari et Mitra" authorityYear="1968" box="[495,700,1350,1375]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Symphyonemopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">Symphyonemopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FD1F1929B4926C29" authorityName="Iyengar et Desikachary" authorityYear="1946" box="[756,954,1350,1375]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Mastigocladopsidaceae" genus="Mastigocladopsis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Stigonematales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FD1F1929B4926C29" box="[756,954,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">Mastigocladopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seem to be related to the not truly branched ones, i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FF181906B69F6CF4" box="[243,439,1385,1410]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Brasilonema" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FF181906B6AA6CF4" box="[243,386,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">Brasilonema</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724AEAFF841019FE061906B5CE6CF4" box="[493,742,1385,1410]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Scytonema" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="hoffmannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FE061906B5CE6CF4" box="[493,742,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">Scytonema hoffmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34C98FF841019FD1E1906B4946CF4" author="Hauer, T. & Bohunicka, M. & Johansen, J. R. & Mares, J. & Berrendero-Gomez, E." box="[757,956,1385,1410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" pagination="1089 - 1100" refId="ref8003" refString="Hauer, T., Bohunicka, M., Johansen, J. R., Mares, J. & Berrendero-Gomez, E. (2014) Reassessment of the cyanobacterial family Microchaetaceae and establishment of new families Tolypothrichaceae and Godleyaceae. Journal of Phycology 50: 1089 - 1100. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / jpy. 12241" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Hauer
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FCA91906B4536CF4" box="[834,891,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34C98FF841019FC2C1906B39B6CF4" author="Komarek, J. & Kastovsky, J. & Mares, J. & Johansen, J. R." box="[967,1203,1385,1410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="180" pagination="295 - 335" refId="ref8710" refString="Komarek, J., Kastovsky, J., Mares, J. & Johansen, J. R. (2014) Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 86: 295 - 335." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Komárek
|
||
<emphasis id="B906ED7BFF841019FBDC1906B3476CF4" box="[1079,1135,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="180">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |