171 lines
17 KiB
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171 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.123.1448" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f1dbd205-6f2f-4feb-867e-d52041258d12" ID-PMC="PMC3175121" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-123-1" ID-PubMed="21998529" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-123-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 123" ModsDocTitle="Australian Assassins, Part I: A review of the Assassin Spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) of mid-eastern Australia" checkinTime="1451249962699" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rix, Michael G. & Harvey, Mark S." docDate="2011" docId="5FABDA8B9AE300EC04021C6FFC31B412" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 123: 1-100" docOrigin="ZooKeys 123" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.123.1448" docTitle="Austrarchaea milledgei Barrington Tops Assassin Spider Rix & Harvey, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="A428FFEAFD3A7353FFACFFBCFFFA6D47" masterDocTitle="Australian Assassins, Part I: A review of the Assassin Spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) of mid-eastern Australia" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1668152002706" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Australian Assassins, Part I: A review of the Assassin Spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) of mid-eastern Australia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rix, Michael G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harvey, Mark S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>123</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>100</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.123.1448</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.123.1448</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-123-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152030498" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BE4BD907-11B1-4CCA-AD3A-590B2FC9F3AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5FABDA8B9AE300EC04021C6FFC31B412" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BE4BD907-11B1-4CCA-AD3A-590B2FC9F3AE" authority="Rix & Harvey" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea milledgei" name="Barrington Tops Assassin Spider" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="vernacular name" species="milledgei" vernacular="vernacular">Austrarchaea milledgei Barrington Tops Assassin Spider Rix & Harvey</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="29" pageNumber="30">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 7L9E2341
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Holotype male: Barrington Tops State Forest, 0.8 km E. of Moppy Picnic Area, New South Wales, Australia,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-31.889444">31°53'22"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="151.56584">151°33'57"E</geoCoordinate>
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, pitfall trap,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
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rainforest, 1250 m, 18.III.-30.IV.2008, G. Milledge, A. Hegedus (AMS KS103905).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="other material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Barrington Tops State Forest: same data as holotype except 31.I.-18.III.2008, 1 juvenile (AMS KS103409); same data as holotype except 18.XII.2007 - 31.I.2008, 1 juvenile (AMS
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<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">KS</pageBreakToken>
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102056); same data as holotype except 14.XI.-18.XII.2007, G. Milledge, H. Smith, 1 juvenile (AMS KS104681); same data, 1 juvenile (AMS KS104696); off Barrington Tops Forest Road,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-31.9125">31°54'45"S</geoCoordinate>
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, 151°29'45, sifting elevated leaf litter under tree ferns,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
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rainforest, 1400 m, 14.IV.2010, M. Rix, D. Harms, 8 juveniles (WAM T112569DNA: Ar42-110-J/Ar42-111-J/Ar42-112-J). Barrington Tops National Park: Quarry Road turnoff,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-31.9125">31°54'45"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="151.51944">151°31'10"E</geoCoordinate>
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, pitfall trap,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
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rainforest, 1230 m, 31.I.-18.III.2008, G. Milledge, A. Hegedus, 1♂, 1 juvenile (AMS KS103340); same data except 18.XII.2007 - 31.I.2008, 1 juvenile (AMS KS102013); off Barrington Tops Forest Road,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-31.90611">31°54'22"S</geoCoordinate>
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, 151°31'32, sifting elevated leaf litter, complex eucalypt forest with thick understory, 1376 m, 14.IV.2010, M. Rix, D. Harms, 1♀, 3 juveniles (WAM T112568DNA: Ar43-107-F/Ar43-108-J/Ar43-109-J).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="additional material examined (of tentative identification)">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Additional material examined (of tentative identification).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Barrington Tops National Park: Gloucester Tops Road, 12.1 km W. of Gloucester River campground,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-32.0625">32°03'45"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="151.60056">151°36'02"E</geoCoordinate>
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, pitfall trap,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
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rainforest, 1260 m, 13.XI.-19.XII.2007, G. Milledge, H. Smith, 1♀ (AMS KS102950). Chichester State Forest: Bungari Road, 1 km from Mount Allyn Road,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.133335">32°08'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="151.43333">151°26'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 940 m, 4.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–">II-</normalizedToken>
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9.IV.1993, M. Gray, G. Cassis, 1 juvenile (AMS KS38978).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">The specific epithet is a patronym in honour of Graham Milledge, for collecting most of the specimens of this species, and for his efforts in documenting the remarkable spider fauna of the Barrington Tops region of New South Wales.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea milledgei" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milledgei">Austrarchaea milledgei</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from all other
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<taxonomicName family="Archaeidae" lsidName="" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="family">Archaeidae</taxonomicName>
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from mid-eastern Australia except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea aleenae" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aleenae">Austrarchaea aleenae</taxonomicName>
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by the short, dense tuft of accessory setae on the male chelicerae (Fig. 23C); and from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea aleenae" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aleenae">Austrarchaea aleenae</taxonomicName>
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by the broader, spur-like tegular sclerite 2 (TS 2) and much smaller TS 3 (Fig. 23E).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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This species can also be distinguished from other genotyped taxa from mid-eastern Australia (see Fig. 3B) by the following unique nucleotide substitution for COII (n = 6): C(1490). The COII substitution T(1511) further distinguishes this species from all other mid-eastern Australian taxa except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea monteithi" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monteithi">Austrarchaea monteithi</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Holotype male: Total length 3.08; leg I femur 2.73; F1/CL ratio 2.51. Cephalothorax dark reddish-brown; legs tan-brown with darker annulations; abdomen mottled grey-brown and beige, palest posteriorly, with darker reddish-brown dorsal scute and sclerites (Fig. 23B). Carapace tall (CH/CL ratio 2.12); 1.09 long, 2.31 high, 1.05 wide;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘neck’">'neck'</normalizedToken>
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0.53 wide; bearing two pairs of rudimentary horns; highest point of pars cephalica (HPC) near posterior margin of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘head’">'head'</normalizedToken>
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(ratio of HPC to post-ocular length 0.87), carapace gently sloping and almost horizontal anterior to HPC;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘head’">'head'</normalizedToken>
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not strongly elevated dorsally (post-ocular ratio 0.26) (Fig. 9E). Chelicerae with dense tuft of accessory setae on anterior face of paturon (Fig. 23C). Abdomen 1.54 long, 1.13 wide; with three pairs of dorsal hump-like tubercles (HT 1-6); dorsal scute fused anteriorly to epigastric sclerites, extending posteriorly to first pair of hump-like tubercles; HT 3-6 each covered by separate dorsal sclerites. Partially expanded pedipalp (Figs 23D-E) with rounded-rectangular, broadly-tapered conductor; tegular sclerite 1 (TS 1) long, spiniform, visible in retro-ventral view; TS 2 spur-like, shorter than TS 1, partially obscured by TS 3; TS 2a sinuous, filiform, exposed
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<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">distally</pageBreakToken>
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; TS 3 rectangular, embedded within distal haematodocha, overlying proximal embolic sclerite and TS 2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Female (WAM T112568): Total length 3.74; leg I femur 2.96; F1/CL ratio 2.24. Cephalothorax dark reddish-brown; legs tan-brown with darker annulations; abdomen mottled grey-brown and beige (Fig. 23A). Carapace tall (CH/CL ratio 2.02); 1.32 long, 2.67 high, 1.23 wide;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘neck’">'neck'</normalizedToken>
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0.65 wide; bearing two pairs of rudimentary horns; highest point of pars cephalica (HPC) near middle of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘head’">'head'</normalizedToken>
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(ratio of HPC to post-ocular length 0.59), carapace gently sloping posterior to HPC;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘head’">'head'</normalizedToken>
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not strongly elevated dorsally (post-ocular ratio 0.21) (Fig. 7L). Chelicerae without accessory setae on anterior face of paturon. Abdomen 2.10 long, 1.41 wide; with three pairs of dorsal hump-like tubercles (HT 1-6). Internal genitalia with dense cluster of ≤ 15 variably shaped spermathecae on either side of gonopore, clusters meeting near midline of genital plate (Fig. 23F); innermost (anterior) spermathecae longest, sausage-shaped, curved antero-laterally; outermost (posterior) spermathecae bulbous; other spermathecae variably pyriform, mostly straight, directed antero-laterally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Variation: Males (n=2): total length 3.08-3.23; carapace length 1.09-1.10; carapace height 2.21-2.31; CH/CL ratio 2.00-2.12. For female variation see Remarks (below).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea milledgei" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milledgei">Austrarchaea milledgei</taxonomicName>
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is known only from rainforest and mesic closed forest habitats on the Barrington Tops Plateau, in the Barrington Tops National Park and Barrington Tops State Forest, New South Wales (Fig. 41). A juvenile specimen from Chichester State Forest and a single female specimen from Gloucester Tops may also belong to this species (see Remarks, below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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This species is a short-range endemic taxon (
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<bibRefCitation author="Harvey, MS" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="555 - 570" title="Short-range endemism among the Australian fauna: some examples from non-marine environments." url="doi:10.1071/IS02009" volume="16" year="2002 b">Harvey 2002b</bibRefCitation>
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), which although restricted in distribution, is abundant within the World Heritage-listed Barrington Tops National Park (M. Rix, pers. obs.). It is not considered to be of conservation concern.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austrarchaea</taxonomicName>
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from the Barrington Tops Plateaux (i.e. Barrington Tops, Gloucester Tops and Chichester State Forest) seem to exhibit a larger than normal amount of morphological and molecular variation, as highlighted by the deep (~6%) COI and COII sequence divergences observed among specimens collected along the Barrington Tops Forest Road in April 2010 (Fig. 3A), and the incongruous CH/CL ratio of the single female (AMS KS102950) from Gloucester Tops relative to the only known female from Barrington Tops (WAM T112568) (see Fig. 6). It is possible that two cryptic species may occur in sympatry on the various mountains and plateaux that make up the Barrington Tops region, although the current paucity of specimens makes this difficult to ascertain. For the purposes of this revision, specimens from the northern Barrington Tops National Park (and State Forest) are recognised as conspecific with the holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Austrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrarchaea milledgei" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milledgei">Austrarchaea milledgei</taxonomicName>
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, but further work is required to compare males from across the region, and to confirm the identification of the Gloucester Tops and Chichester State Forest populations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |