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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.970.54958" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45179d69-1477-4070-8e7b-838fb82b947b" ID-PMC="PMC7578445" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-970-63" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E4C11F11835D50AA8B1A3EA4920A43D0" ID-PubMed="33132706" ID-ZooBank="FDBB83EFF35347309887C079A443C0E5" ModsDocID="1313-2970-970-63" checkinTime="1600732315044" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Brassard, Francois, Leong, Chi-Man, Chan, Hoi-Hou &amp; Guenard, Benoit" docDate="2020" docId="5FA0F7EB49FE5A94933CE711ED2356C3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 970: 63-116" docOrigin="ZooKeys 970" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.970.54958" docTitle="Strumigenys subterranea Brassard, Leong &amp; Guenard 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="6229098D-6815-4ABB-9753-1D1B625FC215" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="E4C11F11835D50AA8B1A3EA4920A43D0" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="E4C11F11835D50AA8B1A3EA4920A43D0" masterDocTitle="A new subterranean species and an updated checklist of Strumigenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Macao SAR, China, with a key to species of the Greater Bay Area" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1668169511382" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new subterranean species and an updated checklist of Strumigenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Macao SAR, China, with a key to species of the Greater Bay Area</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Brassard, Francois</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>The Insect Biodiversity and Biogeography Laboratory School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Rd, Lung Fu Shan, Hong Kong SAR, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6234-7013</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">francois.brassard.bio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Leong, Chi-Man</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>The Insect Biodiversity and Biogeography Laboratory School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Rd, Lung Fu Shan, Hong Kong SAR, China &amp; Macao Science Center, Avenida Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, Macao SAR, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chan, Hoi-Hou</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Nature Conservation Studies, Instituto Para Os Assuntos Municipais, Macao SAR, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Guenard, Benoit</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>The Insect Biodiversity and Biogeography Laboratory School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Rd, Lung Fu Shan, Hong Kong SAR, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>970</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>63</mods:start>
<mods:end>116</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.970.54958</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.970.54958</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-970-63</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FDBB83EFF35347309887C079A443C0E5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E4C11F11835D50AA8B1A3EA4920A43D0</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167776896" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6229098D-6815-4ABB-9753-1D1B625FC215" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5FA0F7EB49FE5A94933CE711ED2356C3" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName LSID="5FA0F7EB-49FE-5A94-933C-E711ED2356C3" authority="Brassard, Leong &amp; Guénard" authorityName="Brassard, Leong &amp; Guenard" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strumigenys subterranea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterranea" status="sp. nov.">
Strumigenys subterranea Brassard, Leong &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guénard">Guenard</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
Macao SAR, China: Coloane Island, Coloane North East hiking trail,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.1351" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="22.1351">22.1351°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="113.5700" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="113.57">113.5700°E</geoCoordinate>
, ca. 80 m, subterranean trap placed at a depth of 12.5 cm, 14 May-4 June 2019, F. Brassard leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="repository institution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Repository institution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Insect Biodiversity and Biogeography Lab (IBBL), School of Biological Sciences, Hong Kong University</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="type specimen">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Type specimen.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Pinned worker. Original label: &quot;China SAR: Macau, Coloane. Coloane North East Hiking Trail. 78 m, 14v-4vi.2019,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.13510" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="22.1351">22.13510°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="113.57000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="113.57">113.57000°E</geoCoordinate>
, Subterranean Trap 12.5 cm depth. F. Brassard&quot;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“MAC_S12_12.5_q4_Sp.2”">&quot;MAC_S12_12.5_q4_Sp.2&quot;</normalizedToken>
[IBBL: ANTWEB1010847].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Worker measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">n</emphasis>
= 1): TL 1.809 mm, HL 0.454 mm, HW 0.348 mm, CI 77, MandL 0.098 mm, MI 22, SL 0.226 mm, SI 65, PrW 0.189 mm, PI 54, EL 0.006 mm, OI 2, WL 0.458 mm, PetH 0.124 mm, PetL 0.183 mm, MtfmL 0.295 mm, MttbL 0.230 mm, LPI 68, DPetW 0.117 mm, DPI 64, PosPetL 0.184 mm, ATL 0.356 mm.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455239" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Morphological measurements used. For definition of each abbreviation see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological measurements used. Morphological terminology follows Tang et al. (2019)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0D394972E928764F81358A4DEA1AD739" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="0D394972E928764F81358A4DEA1AD739">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="0D394972E928764F81358A4DEA1AD739" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0D394972E928764F81358A4DEA1AD739" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphological measurements used. Morphological terminology follows
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.831.31515" author="Tang, KL" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 48" refId="B27" refString="Tang, KL, Pierce, MP, Guenard, B, 2019. Review of the genus Strumigenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Hong Kong with the description of three new species and the addition of five native and four introduced species records. ZooKeys 831: 1 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.831.31515" title="Review of the genus Strumigenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Hong Kong with the description of three new species and the addition of five native and four introduced species records." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.831.31515" volume="831" year="2019">Tang et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">TL</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Total Length</emphasis>
: measured from the mandibular apex to the posterior margin of abdominal tergite IV. Sum of MandL + HL + ML + PetL + PosPetL + ATL.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">HL</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Head Length</emphasis>
: measured from the midpoint of the occipital margin to the midpoint of the anterior clypeal margin. If one or both margins are concave, measured from the midpoint of a transverse line spanning the apices of the projecting portions.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">HW</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Head Width</emphasis>
: measured at the maximum width of the head in full-face view, excluding the eyes.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">MandL</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Mandible Length</emphasis>
: measured from the mandibular apex to the anterior clypeal margin. If clypeal margin concave medially, measured from the transverse line connecting the anteriormost points.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">SL</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Scape Length</emphasis>
: measured from the basal constriction that occurs distal of the condylar bulb.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">EL</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Eye Length</emphasis>
: maximum diameter of the eye.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">PrW</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Pronotal Width</emphasis>
: maximum width of the pronotum in dorsal view. If present, projecting tubercles or other cuticular prominences at the pronotal humeral angles ignored.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">WL</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Weber’s">Weber's</normalizedToken>
Length
</emphasis>
: diagonal length of the mesosoma in profile view. Measured from the point at which the pronotum meets the cervical shield to the posterior basal angle of the metapleuron.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">PetL</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Petiolar Length</emphasis>
: maximum length of petiole. Measured from posterior petiolar margin to the anteriormost point before posteroventral lobes of the propodeum obscure petiole. If present, spongiform tissues are ignored.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">PetH</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Petiolar Height</emphasis>
: maximum distance measured between two parallel lines, one tangent with the node apex and the other tangent with the ventral-most point of the petiole in profile. If ventral margin concave upward, measure from the lower line tangent to the uppermost portion of the curve. If present, spongiform tissues ignored.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">DPetW</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Dorsal Petiolar Width</emphasis>
: maximum width of petiolar node in dorsal view.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">PosPetL</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Postpetiole Length</emphasis>
: maximum length of postpetiole, measured from the anterior margin to the posterior margin. If present, spongiform tissues are ignored.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">ATL</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Abdominal tergum IV Length</emphasis>
: maximum length of the fourth abdominal tergite, measured from the anterior margin to the posterior margin.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">MtfmL</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Metafemur length</emphasis>
: maximum length of the metafemur, not including the trochanter.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">MttbL</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Metatibia length</emphasis>
: maximum length of the metatibia.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">CI</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Cephalic Index</emphasis>
: HW / HL
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">MI</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Mandibular Index</emphasis>
: MandL / HL
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">SI</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Scape Index</emphasis>
: SL / HW
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">PI</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Pronotum Index</emphasis>
: PrW/ HW x 100
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">OI</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Ocular Index</emphasis>
: EL / HW
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">LPI</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Lateral Petiolar Index</emphasis>
: PetH / PetL
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">DPI</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Dorsal Petiolar Index</emphasis>
: DPetW / PetL
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Mandibles in full-face view triangular, eyes with a single ommatidium, anterior margin of clypeus shallowly convex, clypeal margin fringed with a continuous row of appressed spatulate hairs incurved towards midline of head, conspicuous preocular carina, dorsoventrally flattened scape, spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs on leading edge of scape, pair humeral hairs present, dorsum of head behind clypeus reticulate-punctate, side of mesosoma and disc of postpetiole smooth, postpetiole with concave anterior margin and a projecting lobe on convex posterior margin, total dental count of eight, lack of propodeal spines, and propodeal declivity angular.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Worker description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Strumigenys subterranea sp. nov. (ANTWEB 1010847), worker in profile view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455241" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Strumigenys subterranea sp. nov. (ANTWEB 1010847) A-C worker A lateral view of mesosoma B dorsal view of mesosoma C dorsal view of metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455242" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Head.</emphasis>
In full-face view, head noticeably longer than wide (CI: 77) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Strumigenys subterranea sp. nov. (ANTWEB 1010847) A-F worker A full-face view B face view tilted posteriorly to showcase hairs on vertex C mandibles D left antenna E side view to showcase the eye F ventral view to showcase labrum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455240" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3A</figureCitation>
), with its widest portion nearby the anterior end of the posterior third of its length. In lateral view, eye with a single facet, inconspicuous, and located at the widest level of the head (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Strumigenys subterranea sp. nov. (ANTWEB 1010847) A-F worker A full-face view B face view tilted posteriorly to showcase hairs on vertex C mandibles D left antenna E side view to showcase the eye F ventral view to showcase labrum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455240" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3E</figureCitation>
). Posterior cephalic margin shallowly concave; corners of posterior margin of head weakly developed and evenly rounded through the lateral margins. Posterolateral margins evenly rounded on half of their length, then converging at a slightly steeper angle towards the center of the head. Anteromedian clypeal margin slightly convex. Scapes with a moderately developed subbasal lobe on their anterior portion. Apex of scape not reaching posterior margin of head, antenna including scape with six articles, with the last two articles distinctly enlarged and forming a club; ratio of antennal segments from 2nd to 6th segment = 3.83: 1.33: 1: 3.05: 11.56 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Strumigenys subterranea sp. nov. (ANTWEB 1010847) A-F worker A full-face view B face view tilted posteriorly to showcase hairs on vertex C mandibles D left antenna E side view to showcase the eye F ventral view to showcase labrum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455240" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3D</figureCitation>
). Mandibles triangular with eight teeth (T) and four denticles (D), arranged from basal to apical as such: T-D-T-T-T-T-T-T-D-D-D-T (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Strumigenys subterranea sp. nov. (ANTWEB 1010847) A-F worker A full-face view B face view tilted posteriorly to showcase hairs on vertex C mandibles D left antenna E side view to showcase the eye F ventral view to showcase labrum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455240" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3C</figureCitation>
). Basal angle between the basal margin and masticatory margin rounded triangular. Basal lamella a thin strip, widest at the basal tooth and almost fully disappearing at the midpoint of the masticatory margin. Labrum terminates in a pair of short triangular lobes (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Strumigenys subterranea sp. nov. (ANTWEB 1010847) A-F worker A full-face view B face view tilted posteriorly to showcase hairs on vertex C mandibles D left antenna E side view to showcase the eye F ventral view to showcase labrum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455240" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455240" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brassard, Leong &amp; Guenard" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strumigenys subterranea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Strumigenys subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (ANTWEB1010847)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A-F</emphasis>
worker
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A</emphasis>
full-face view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">B</emphasis>
face view tilted posteriorly to showcase hairs on vertex
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
mandibles
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">D</emphasis>
left antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">E</emphasis>
side view to showcase the eye
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">F</emphasis>
ventral view to showcase labrum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455241" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brassard, Leong &amp; Guenard" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strumigenys subterranea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Strumigenys subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (ANTWEB1010847), worker in profile view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Mesosoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In lateral view, dorsum of mesosoma broadly convex but slightly concave at the metanotal groove (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Strumigenys subterranea sp. nov. (ANTWEB 1010847) A-C worker A lateral view of mesosoma B dorsal view of mesosoma C dorsal view of metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455242" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4A</figureCitation>
). Anterior portion of promesonotum in dorsal view convex (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Strumigenys subterranea sp. nov. (ANTWEB 1010847) A-C worker A lateral view of mesosoma B dorsal view of mesosoma C dorsal view of metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455242" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4B</figureCitation>
), with its widest point slightly posterior to the humeral hairs. Median anterior margin of promesonotum slightly convex. Lateral margin of premosonotum subparallel and slightly convex. Metanotal groove distinct but weakly incised. In dorsal view, propodeum approximately half of the maximal width of the promesonotum. In lateral view, propodeum with an angular declivity. Propodeal declivity with a spongiform lamella.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455242" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brassard, Leong &amp; Guenard" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strumigenys subterranea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Strumigenys subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (ANTWEB1010847)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A-C</emphasis>
worker
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A</emphasis>
lateral view of mesosoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">B</emphasis>
dorsal view of mesosoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
dorsal view of metasoma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Metasoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Petiole in lateral view elongate (LPI: 68) and subclavate, with long and thin peduncle. Petiolar node well developed; dorsum of node convex, with its widest point at the posterodorsal corner. Petiolar node in dorsal view subcircular (DPI: 64), widest towards the posterior part. Postpetiolar disc in dorsal view suboval and distinctly wider than long; the median portion of the anterior margin distinctly concave whereas the posterior margin convex with a lobe projecting from the median portion (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Strumigenys subterranea sp. nov. (ANTWEB 1010847) A-C worker A lateral view of mesosoma B dorsal view of mesosoma C dorsal view of metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455242" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4C</figureCitation>
). Limbus in dorsal view strongly concave, with a thin spongiform pad along its length. Spongiform tissues present on both petiole and postpetiole. Spongiform tissue on the lateral side of petiole restricted to the posterior portion of the node in profile. Excluding the anteriormost part of the ventral portion of petiole, spongiform tissue covers the ventral portion of both the petiole and postpetiole entirely. Depth of spongiform tissue under petiole nearly as much as petiole height. Spongiform tissue particularly extensive on the ventral lobes of the postpetiole. In dorsal view spongiform tissue present along the posterior margin of the petiolar node, and surrounding disc of postpetiole.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Pilosity</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
On head, spatulate hairs arising from their base and then abruptly curving towards the mandibles, forming a space between the scale of the hair and the head surface. In full-face view of head, numerous evenly spaced spatulate hairs (ca. 95) along the frons, with around two-thirds as much spatulate hairs (ca. 60) evenly spaced but more densely arranged on the clypeus. A total of 16 smaller spatulate hairs present on anterior margin of clypeus. On each side of the anterior margin of the clypeus, three hairs on lateral portion and five on the anterior portion, all incurved towards the midline of the head. Largest spatulate hairs (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">n</emphasis>
= 6) fully extending and found on subbasal lobe of antennal scape; with the first two basal hairs curved towards the apex of the scape, whereas the four most posterior hairs are curved towards the base of the scape. Two pairs of thin remiform hairs on the vertex; with one pair on the lateral portions of vertex and the other in posteromedial position (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Strumigenys subterranea sp. nov. (ANTWEB 1010847) A-F worker A full-face view B face view tilted posteriorly to showcase hairs on vertex C mandibles D left antenna E side view to showcase the eye F ventral view to showcase labrum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455240" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3B</figureCitation>
). In profile view, appressed simple hairs present below antennal scrobe towards ventral portion of head. On the mesosoma and metasoma, decumbent hairs evenly spaced with a pair of long flagellate humeral hair present on petiolar node; several erected simple, appressed and filiform hairs present on first gastral tergite, whereas other tergites and sternites are mostly covered by appressed simple hairs. Appressed simple hairs present on tibia, femur and tarsus. Meso- and meta-basitarsal hairs flagellate. Flagellate hairs absent from femurs and tibias.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Sculpture</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In full-face and lateral view, head covered by areolate sculpturing (0.10 - 0.23 mm). In dorsal view, superficial sculpturing on the surrounding of the promesonotum and on its posterior section. Center of the dorsal portion of the promesonotum and propodeum smooth; lateral portions of mesosoma smooth (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Strumigenys subterranea sp. nov. (ANTWEB 1010847) A-C worker A lateral view of mesosoma B dorsal view of mesosoma C dorsal view of metasoma." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.970.54958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455242" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4A</figureCitation>
). In dorsal view, discs of petiole and postpetiole smooth. In lateral view, petiole with weak sculpturing. Basigastral costulae present as weakly developed and irregular imprints on the central part of the limbus, extending around half the length of the postpetiole disc. Sculpturing on tibias and femurs areolate. Leg bullae absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Color</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Body coloration concolor yellowish brown, with slightly lighter coloration on the legs, antennae, mandibles and at the apex of the gaster. First gastral tergite and sternite with darker coloration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brassard, Leong &amp; Guenard" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strumigenys subterranea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Strumigenys subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. belongs to the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strumigenys rostrata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Strumigenys rostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of the Malesian-Oriental-East Palearctic region (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/002229399299798" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" refId="B4" refString="Bolton, B, 2000. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute The ant tribe Dacetini. Gainesville, 370 pp. https://doi.org/10.1080/002229399299798" title="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute The ant tribe Dacetini. Gainesville, 370 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/002229399299798" year="2000">Bolton 2000</bibRefCitation>
), due to a combination of morphological characters: mandibles in full-face view triangular, basal lamella of mandible low and rounded-triangular, anterior margin of clypeus broad and shallowly convex, clypeal margin fringed with a continuous row of curved spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs, conspicuous preocular carina, dorsoventrally flattened scape, spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs on leading edge of scape, cuticle within scrobe reticulate or reticulate-punctate, pronotum dorsum without a median longitudinal carina, spongiform appendages present on petiole and postpetiole, pronotal humeral hair present, dorsum of head behind clypeus reticulate-punctate, side of propodeum and disc of postpetiole smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
However,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. subterranea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">S. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other 17 species within this group (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of five diagnostic characters for S. rostrata group. Characters are (A) appressed spatulate hairs on cephalic region, (B) margin of clypeus convex, (C) anterior margin of postpetiole concave, (D) propodeal spines small or absent and (E) eye composed of a single ommatidium. Values represent the presence (1) or absence (0) of a character." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/39201C03BFF9731DB36EFCC738D5C02E" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="39201C03BFF9731DB36EFCC738D5C02E">2</tableCitation>
) by a combination of the following characters: eyes with a single ommatidia, clypeal margin shallowly convex, evenly spaced appressed spatulate hairs along frons (with appressed spatulate hairs evenly spaced but more densely arranged on clypeus), postpetiole with concave anterior margin and a projecting lobe on convex posterior margin, total dental count of nine, lack of propodeal spines, and propodeal declivity angular, not rounded.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="39201C03BFF9731DB36EFCC738D5C02E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/39201C03BFF9731DB36EFCC738D5C02E" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Table 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of five diagnostic characters for
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rostrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">S. rostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Characters are (A) appressed spatulate hairs on cephalic region, (B) margin of clypeus convex, (C) anterior margin of postpetiole concave, (D) propodeal spines small or absent and (E) eye composed of a single ommatidium. Values represent the presence (1) or absence (0) of a character.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="2">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Species</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Characters</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">B</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">D</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">E</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="subterranea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="ambatrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="ambatrix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">ambatrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="arizonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="arizonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">arizonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="atropos" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="atropos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">atropos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName genus="Bunki" lsidName="Bunki" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Bunki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName genus="Bunki" lsidName="californica" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName genus="Bunki" lsidName="carolinensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">carolinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName genus="Bunki" lsidName="chiricahua" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="chiricahua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">chiricahua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName genus="Bunki" lsidName="emeswangi" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="emeswangi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">emeswangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="B.A.Marshall" authorityYear="1995" class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Fautrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fautrix" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Fautrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Fautrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="hyalina" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Fautrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="incerta" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">incerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Fautrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="inopina" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inopina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">inopina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Fautrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="nepalensis" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">nepalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Fautrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="rostrata" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">rostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Fautrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="rostrataeformis" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rostrataeformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">rostrataeformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Calliostomatidae" genus="Fautrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="symmetrix" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="symmetrix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">symmetrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Victrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Victrix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Victrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
We found that the most peculiar characteristic of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. subterranea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">S. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(i.e., having very small eyes) is shared with
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bolton" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strumigenys atropos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atropos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Strumigenys atropos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bolton, 2000. However, the shape of the postpetiolar node (straight anterior margin in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. atropos" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="atropos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">S. atropos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but concave in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. subterranea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">S. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.) and the shape of the anterior margin of the clypeus differ (slightly convex in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. subterranea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">S. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., but noticeably concave in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. atropos" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="atropos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">S. atropos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Moreover, large spatulate hairs are present up to two-third of the length of the lateral margins of the head of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. atropos" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="atropos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">S. atropos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but not in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. subterranea." pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="subterranea.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">S. subterranea.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lastly, large spatulate hairs are present on the dorsal portion of the pronotum of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. atropos" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="atropos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">S. atropos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas hairs on the dorsal portion of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. subterranea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">S. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are fine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">The name of this new species refers to the stratum it was collected in and to its suggested subterranean ecology.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
A single worker from this species has been collected so far, found within a subterranean trap; a 15 mL falcon tube placed at a depth of 12.5 cm below the ground surface. It contained ethanol 70% and was baited with tuna mixed with honey (see Suppl. material 1: Fig. S1 for sampling design). The trap was placed in young secondary forest and was operating continuously for a period of 21 days. Little is known about the ecology of this species. However, due to the extremely reduced eyes present on the specimen and its collection through a subterranean trap, it is here suggested that the species has subterranean habits. Further reinforcing this hypothesis is the fact that extensive sampling in Hong Kong and Macao over the past 6 years focusing on ground-dwelling and leaf-litter ants using Winklers and pitfall traps never yielded this species. Nevertheless, only a single worker was found within one out of 256 subterranean traps retrieved during our sampling on Coloane Island, which indicates this species is uncommon. Our data also suggests it cohabits within the same soil layer with other ant species, including other subterranean species. Indeed, we found within the same trap one worker of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole ochracea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochracea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Pheidole ochracea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Eguchi, 2008 and hundreds of workers of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zhou, Zhao &amp; Jia" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara zengchengensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zengchengensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Carebara zengchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zhou, Zhao &amp; Jia, 2006. Additionally, within the same quadrat (1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1 m) we also found
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. zengchengensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="zengchengensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C. zengchengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at depths of 25, 37.5 and 50 cm, as well as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Solenopsis jacoti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacoti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Solenopsis jacoti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wheeler, 1923 and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Buniapone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buniapone amblyops" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amblyops">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Buniapone amblyops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Emery, 1887 at a depth of 50 cm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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