125 lines
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125 lines
10 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" ID-PMC="PMC6033956" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" ID-PubMed="30002597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1306325" ModsDocID="1314-2003-102-1" checkinTime="1530324112772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="DeFilipps, Robert A. & Krupnick, Gary A." docDate="2018" docId="EBDCD0AA27325D6C91230CD5E53B4FDE" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 102: 1-341" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 102" docPubDate="2018-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" docTitle="Citrus limon Osbeck (= C. medica var. limon L." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" lastPageNumber="153" masterDocId="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" masterDocTitle="The medicinal plants of Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1668138950833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The medicinal plants of Myanmar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeFilipps, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Deceased</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krupnick, Gary A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4826</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC- 166, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">krupnick@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>102</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>341</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-102-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1306325</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182396141" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EBDCD0AA27325D6C91230CD5E53B4FDE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EBDCD0AA27325D6C91230CD5E53B4FDE" lastPageId="152" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<subSubSection pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<taxonomicName LSID="EBDCD0AA-2732-5D6C-9123-0CD5E53B4FDE" authority="(L.) Osbeck (= C. medica var. limon L.)" baseAuthorityName="L.) Osbeck (= C. medica var. limon L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Citrus limon" order="Sapindales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limon">Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (= C. medica var. limon L.)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="names">
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<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Myanmar</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">than-bayo</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">shauk</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">shauk-waing</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">hla-parite-baikayah</emphasis>
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(Mon).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">English</emphasis>
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: lemon.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="range">
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<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Southeast Asia. Cultivated in Myanmar.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="152" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="uses">
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<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="152" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Fruit</emphasis>
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: These sour fruits are thought to "clear the heart and cleanse the blood", aid digestion, alleviate fatigue, inhibit formation of bumps and tumors, control coughs, stimulate appetite, relieve nausea, and remedy laryngitis. Epilepsy is believed to be cured by inhaling a mixture of equal amounts of the fruit juice and leaves of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">kyaung-pan</emphasis>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Vitex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitex trifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trifolia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Vitex trifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Fruit segments mixed with sour pomegranate sap are ingested to treat dizziness and feelings of heaviness or dullness. Fruit segments are eaten with rock salt in the mornings and evenings to alleviate kidney stones. A mixture of the juice with honey and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">zawet-thar</emphasis>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Dillenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dillenia indica" order="Dilleniales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Dillenia indica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) is taken for coughs, asthma, and bronchitis. A mixture of the fruit together with jaggery is taken for dizziness and weakness during menstruation. To make a medicine for gas, the fruit can be boiled in one viss (~1.6 kg) of rice washing water until the liquid has evaporated and the fruit is tender. After filtering through a
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<pageBreakToken pageId="152" pageNumber="153" start="start">sieve</pageBreakToken>
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, about 10 ticals (~ 0.1 kg) of the pulp can be mixed with a small amount of salt, dried in the sun, crushed into a powder, and ingested.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
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Indigenous medicinal uses of this species in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) are described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Dagar, JC" journalOrPublisher="Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B27" refString="Dagar, JC, Singh, NT, 1999. Plant Resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Enumeration and Utilisation of Vascular Plants). Vol. II. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 281-987." title="Plant Resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Enumeration and Utilisation of Vascular Plants). Vol. II. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 281 - 987." year="1999">Dagar and Singh (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
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The lemon is possibly a hybrid (backcross) between lime and citron (
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<bibRefCitation author="Swingle, WT" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B109" refString="Swingle, WT, 1943. The Botany of Citrus and its Wild Relatives of the Orange Subfamily (Family Rutaceae, Subfamily Aurantioideae). University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles." title="The Botany of Citrus and its Wild Relatives of the Orange Subfamily (Family Rutaceae, Subfamily Aurantioideae). University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles." year="1943">Swingle 1943</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Mabberley, DJ" journalOrPublisher="La Flora de la Espanola" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B68" refString="Mabberley, DJ, 1997. The plant-book: A portable dictionary of the vascular plants. Second edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge." title="The plant-book: A portable dictionary of the vascular plants. Second edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge." year="1997">Mabberley 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). Data on the propagation, seed treatment and agricultural management of this species are given by
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<bibRefCitation author="Katende, AB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural Products" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B55" refString="Katende, AB, Birnie, A, Tengnaes, B, 1995. Useful Trees and Shrubs for Uganda: Identification, Propagation and Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communities. SIDA, Nairobi." title="Useful Trees and Shrubs for Uganda: Identification, Propagation and Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communities. SIDA, Nairobi." year="1995">Katende et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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. Details of the active chemical compounds, effects, herbal usage, and pharmacological literature of this plant are discussed in
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<bibRefCitation author="Fleming, T" journalOrPublisher="ARS Pharmaceutica" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B36" refString="Fleming, T, 2000. PDR for Herbal Medicines (2nd edn). Medical Economics Company, Montvale." title="PDR for Herbal Medicines (2 nd edn). Medical Economics Company, Montvale." year="2000">Fleming (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="reference">
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<paragraph pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Reference.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
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<bibRefCitation author="Agricultural Corporation" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="B3" refString="Agricultural Corporation, 1980. Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" title="Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" year="1980">Agricultural Corporation (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |