160 lines
16 KiB
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160 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.755.23939" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7392eb62-5d84-4f6a-8c8a-9f4e351a84a7" ID-PMC="PMC5953965" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-755-1" ID-PubMed="29769836" ID-ZBK="AADE14787C914355B776C4AEF28347BF" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-755-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 755" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille for Nearctic species, north of Mexico (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" checkinTime="1525801749154" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Onuferko, Thomas M." docDate="2018" docId="EB017F60EF2E482900246B5575E25ADE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 755: 1-185" docOrigin="ZooKeys 755" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.755.23939" docTitle="Epeolus attenboroughi Onuferko, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="FD2EAACB-3D7A-477C-9B7D-A7EABE7DE10B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="D91DD51C1718C109FF8EFFA6FFF3FF9F" masterDocTitle="A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille for Nearctic species, north of Mexico (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1668165766199" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille for Nearctic species, north of Mexico (Hymenoptera, Apidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Onuferko, Thomas M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>755</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>185</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.755.23939</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.755.23939</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-755-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">AADE14787C914355B776C4AEF28347BF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">AADE14787C914355B776C4AEF28347BF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="143842350" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FD2EAACB-3D7A-477C-9B7D-A7EABE7DE10B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB017F60EF2E482900246B5575E25ADE" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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5.
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/FD2EAACB-3D7A-477C-9B7D-A7EABE7DE10B" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus attenboroughi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Epeolus attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="19" pageNumber="20">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 3B, 12, 13, 94B, 95B, 96A
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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The following morphological features in combination can be used to tell
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. attenboroughi" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">E. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
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apart from all other North American
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
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except
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. rufulus" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="rufulus">E. rufulus</taxonomicName>
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: the mandible has a blunt, obtuse preapical tooth; the preoccipital ridge does not join the hypostomal carina; the mesoscutum is largely obscured by pale tomentum; the axilla is elongate, extending well beyond the midlength of the mesoscutellum but not as far back as its posterior margin, and the free portion is distinctly hooked; the mesopleuron is closely (most i<1d) and evenly punctate; and T1-T4 have complete apical fasciae. Whereas in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. rufulus" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="rufulus">E. rufulus</taxonomicName>
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the discal patch is so wide that the longitudinal band is barely visible in dorsal view and in females F2 is noticeably longer than wide, in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. attenboroughi" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">E. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
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T1 has a comparatively narrow discal patch (the longitudinal band is more than half as wide as the breadth of the apical fascia in dorsal view) and in females F2 is less than 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus attenboroughi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Epeolus attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
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is also similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. ainsliei" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="ainsliei">E. ainsliei</taxonomicName>
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in that in both species the axilla is dilated laterally and the free portion is distinctly hooked, and the T1-T4 apical fasciae are complete; however, in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. ainsliei" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="ainsliei">E. ainsliei</taxonomicName>
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the mandible is simple, the preoccipital ridge joins the hypostomal carina, and the mesoscutum has distinct paramedian bands.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FEMALE: Length 6.8 mm; head length 1.7 mm; head width 2.2 mm; fore wing length 4.5 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Integument</pageBreakToken>
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coloration. Black in part, at least partially ferruginous on mandible, labrum, clypeus, antenna, pronotal lobe, tegula, axilla, mesopleuron, legs, metasomal terga (including pygidial plate), and metasomal sterna. Mandible with apex darker than rest of mandible; preapical tooth slightly lighter than mandibular apex. Antenna brown and orange in part. Pronotal lobe and tegula pale ferruginous to amber. Wing membrane subhyaline, apically dusky. Legs entirely reddish orange.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pubescence. Face with tomentum densest around antennal socket, slightly sparser on clypeus, upper paraocular and frontal areas, and vertexal area. Dorsum of mesosoma and metasoma with bands of off-white to pale yellow short appressed setae. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, and axilla largely obscured by pale tomentum. Mesopleuron densely hairy, except for sparsely hairy circular patch occupying much of ventrolateral half of mesopleuron. Metanotum with tomentum uninterrupted, uniformly off white. T1 with median quadrangular reddish-brown discal patch entirely enclosed by pale tomentum and narrow, such that longitudinal band more than half as wide as breadth of apical fascia in dorsal view. T2-T4 with fasciae complete, T2 with fascia with anterolateral extensions of sparser tomentum. T5 with two patches of pale tomentum lateral to and separate from pseudopygidial area. T5 with pseudopygidial area lunate, its apex more than twice as wide as medial length, indicated by silvery setae on impressed disc of apicomedial region elevated from rest of tergum. S5 with apical fimbria of coppery to silvery hairs extending beyond apex of sternum by ~1/3 MOD.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Surface sculpture. Punctures dense. Labrum and clypeus with punctures equally dense (i<1d). Impunctate spot lateral to lateral ocellus absent. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, and axilla coarsely and densely rugose-punctate. Tegula very densely punctate (i<1d). Mesopleuron with ventrolateral half densely punctate (i<1d) to rugose; mesopleuron with punctures more or less equally dense throughout. Metasomal terga with punctures very fine, dense (i≈1d), evenly distributed on disc.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Structure. Preapical tooth blunt and obtuse. Labrum with pair of small subapical denticles not preceded by carinae. Frontal keel not strongly raised. Scape with greatest length 1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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greatest width. F2 not noticeably longer than wide (L/W ratio = 1.1). Preoccipital ridge not joining hypostomal carina, from which it is separated by no less than 1 MOD at its terminal. Mesoscutellum weakly bigibbous. Axilla large, its lateral margin (L) more than half as long as mesoscutellar width (W) (L/W ratio = 0.6) and tip extending well beyond midlength of mesoscutellum but not as far back as its posterior margin; axilla with tip conspicuously diverging from side of mesoscutellum, distinctly hooked, and axilla with free portion approximately half its medial length; axilla with lateral margin arcuate and carinate. Fore wing with three submarginal cells. Pygidial plate apically truncate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MALE: Description as for female except for usual secondary sexual characters and as follows: F2 shorter, as long as wide (L/W ratio = 1.0); mesopleuron almost entirely obscured by white tomentum; S4 and S5 with much longer coppery to silvery subapical hairs, which individually are often darker apically; pygidial plate apically rounded, with large deep, well-separated punctures, with the interspaces shining.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">This species is named in honor of English broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough in recognition of his inspiring books and television programs on natural history.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Figure 12.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus attenboroughi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Epeolus attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
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A female holotype, lateral habitus (scale bar 3 mm) B female holotype, dorsal habitus (scale bar 3 mm) C male allotype, lateral habitus (scale bar 3 mm), and D female holotype axillae and mesoscutellum, dorsal view (scale bar 0.5 mm; blue lines indicate the posterior extent of the axilla relative to the length of the mesoscutellum; red lines indicate the extent of the free portion of the axilla relative to its entire medial length).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">New Mexico and southern Colorado (Fig. 13).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Figure 13. Occurrence records of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. attenboroughi" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">E. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
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known to the author (yellow circles).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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HOST RECORDS: The host species of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. attenboroughi" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">E. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
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is/are presently unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FLORAL RECORDS: Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus attenboroughi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Epeolus attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
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is similar in overall appearance to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. ainsliei" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="ainsliei">E. ainsliei</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. rufulus" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="rufulus">E. rufulus</taxonomicName>
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, and the ranges of the three species overlap to some extent. Although BIN-compliant sequences are presently not available for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. attenboroughi" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">E. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
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, partial sequences 421 bp and 289 bp in length are available for two specimens (male and female respectively) collected at the same locality and within one day of each other, and there is virtually no divergence (<1%) between the two. Moreover, the 421 bp sequence does not cluster closely with any sequences from other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
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species in a NJ tree of sequences>300 bp in length (Suppl. material 2). The longer of the two partial sequences is most similar (95.2%) to sequences from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. glabratus" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="glabratus">E. glabratus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. lectoides" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="lectoides">E. lectoides</taxonomicName>
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(very different species).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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In general, there is little morphological variation among examined specimens except in integument coloration; the axillae and mesoscutellum range from entirely black to partially ferruginous. Based on known records, adults of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. attenboroughi" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">E. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
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are active in summer.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material studied.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type material. Primary: USA: Colorado: Great Sand Dunes National Monument (Alamosa County), 03-13.vii.1989, W.J. Bell (holotype ♀, KUNHM).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">Secondary</pageBreakToken>
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: USA: Colorado: Great Sand Dunes National Monument (Alamosa County), 10.vii.1991, B. Cutler (paratype ♀, KUNHM), 03-13.vii.1989, W.J. Bell (paratypes 1♀, 1♂, KUNHM), 11.vii.1991, B. Alexander and B. Cutler (allotype ♂, KUNHM), 11.vii.1991, B. Alexander and B. Cutler (paratypes 3♂, KUNHM); New Mexico: 24 km W Quemado (Catron County), 02.ix.1990, T.L. Griswold (paratype ♀, BBSL).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">DNA barcoded material with BIN-compliant sequences.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Unavailable.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |