232 lines
21 KiB
XML
232 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.29679" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69464fb4-c580-46bc-9df2-fd892bb77d09" ID-PMC="PMC6305770" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-808-123" ID-PubMed="30598610" ID-ZBK="738D225C84B94E64AD0DFD0D46531B46" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-808-123" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 808" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic revision and molecular phylogeny of the eastern Palearctic species of the genera Schizomyia Kieffer and Asteralobia Kovalev (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini), with descriptions of five new species of Schizomyia from Japan" checkinTime="1545315470624" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Elsayed, Ayman Khamis, Yukawa, Junichi & Tokuda, Makoto" docDate="2018" docId="D9D1AB91C0958F5D89135C979532081F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 808: 123-160" docOrigin="ZooKeys 808" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.29679" docTitle="Schizomyia achyranthesae Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="AC909591-4D08-489E-AC19-9221F770F0D6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="128" masterDocId="FF88A4536750EA7A8332FFA4FFFC1E15" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision and molecular phylogeny of the eastern Palearctic species of the genera Schizomyia Kieffer and Asteralobia Kovalev (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini), with descriptions of five new species of Schizomyia from Japan" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1668166613058" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision and molecular phylogeny of the eastern Palearctic species of the genera Schizomyia Kieffer and Asteralobia Kovalev (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini), with descriptions of five new species of Schizomyia from Japan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Elsayed, Ayman Khamis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yukawa, Junichi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tokuda, Makoto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>808</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>123</mods:start>
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<mods:end>160</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.29679</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.29679</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-808-123</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">738D225C84B94E64AD0DFD0D46531B46</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">738D225C84B94E64AD0DFD0D46531B46</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154126608" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC909591-4D08-489E-AC19-9221F770F0D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D9D1AB91C0958F5D89135C979532081F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/AC909591-4D08-489E-AC19-9221F770F0D6" authority="Elsayed & Tokuda" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Schizomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizomyia achyranthesae" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">Schizomyia achyranthesae Elsayed & Tokuda</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="126">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 5-11, 12-17; Table S1
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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The species name, achyranthesae, is based on the generic name the host plant,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Achyranthes bidentata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bidentata">Achyranthes bidentata</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Amaranthaceae" lsidName="Schizomyiina" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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Holotype: 1♂ (KUEC): reared by A. K. Elsayed from a larva obtained from a fruit gall on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bidentata" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" rank="species" species="bidentata">A. bidentata</taxonomicName>
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, collected from Mount Tara, Saga Prefecture, Japan, on 7.x.2015, M. Tokuda leg., the larva departed from gall between 10-19.x.2015 and the adult male emerged on 3.ix.2016. Paratypes: All paratypes were reared from fruit galls on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bidentata" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" rank="species" species="bidentata">A. bidentata</taxonomicName>
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in Japan. 3 larvae: collected from Tokushima City, Tokushima Prefecture on 6.x.2001, M. Yukinari leg., larvae departed from galls on 12.x.2001; 5 larvae: collected from Tokushima City, Tokushima Prefecture on 30.x.2012, J. Yukawa et al. leg., larvae departed from galls on 30.x.2012; 8♀, 4 Pupal exuviae: collected from Takeo City, Saga Prefecture on 10.x.2015, A. Kita leg., larvae departed from galls between 13-19.x.2015, adults emerged on 1.ix.2016; 3♀: collected from Mount Hinokuma, Saga Prefecture on 16.x.2014, A. K. Elsayed & M. Tokuda leg., larvae departed from galls on 22.x.2014, adults emerged in summer 2015; 4 pupal exuviae: collected from Takeo City, Saga Prefecture on 10.x.2015, larvae departed from galls between 13-19.x.2015, adults emerged on 29.viii.2016; 10♂, 6♀: same data as holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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Head (Fig. 5): Compound eyes separated on vertex by a diameter of 0.0-0.75 facets, eye bridge 7-8 facets long, facets hexagonal. Fronto-clypeus with 15-21 setae (n = 6). Labrum and labella setose. Palpus 4-segmented: first segment ca 34
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, second 1.3 times as long as the first, third 1.5 as long as the second, fourth 1.3 as long as the third. Antenna: scape slightly wider than long, pedicel rounded, flagellomeres I and II partially fused; female flagellomeres
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IX">I-IX</normalizedToken>
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cylindrical with 2 connected rings of circumfila (Fig. 6); distal flagellomeres successively shorter; flagellomere X about as long as wide; flagellomere XI rounded, slightly wider than long;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="127" start="start">flagellomere</pageBreakToken>
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XII rudimentary, partially fused with XI; male flagellomeres cylindrical with sinuous circumfila (Fig. 7).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
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Figures 5-11.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Schizomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizomyia achyranthesae" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">Schizomyia achyranthesae</taxonomicName>
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. 5 Head 6 Ventral view of female antennal flagellomere V 7 Ventral view of male flagellomere V 8 Wing 9 Tarsomere V and acromere 10 Terminal part of female abdomen 11 Ovipositor apex. Scale bars: 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(6, 7, 9-11), 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(5, 8).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Thorax: Wing (Fig. 8) length 1.60-2.02 mm (n = 6) in female, 1.43-1.73 mm (n = 5) in male: R1 join C before wing midlength, R5 join C just after wing apex, C broken after the conjunction with R5; wing fold present; M3+4 forked with Cu. Tarsal claws untoothed, bent after midlength; empodia shorter than claws, with long setulae apically; pulvilli not discernable (Fig. 9). Anepimeral setae 19-23 (n = 8); mesanepisternum scales 22-38 (n = 6); lateral scutal setae 21-28 (n = 8). Lengths of leg segments as in Suppl. material 1: Table S1.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
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Female abdomen (Figs 10, 11): Tergites with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla; tergites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VII">I-VII</normalizedToken>
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rectangular and evenly covered with scales, tergites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VI">I-VI</normalizedToken>
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with a posterior row of setae and some scattered setae laterally at midlength; tergite VII with 1-2 posterior rows of setae and some scattered setae laterally at midlength; tergite VIII bare, notched laterally, posterior margin with a pair of well-developed dorsal lobes. Sternites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VI">II-VI</normalizedToken>
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rectangular, bare and less pigmented medially, with the lateral pair of trichoid sensilla situated anterior to the sclerotized sternite, several scattered setae on the anterior half, and 1-2 rows of setae posteriorly; sternite VII about 2.6 times as long as preceding sternites, with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla laterally situated on the sternite and setae covering posterior two-thirds. Ovipositor: protrusible needlelike portion about 4 times as long as sternite VII (Fig. 10); cerci fused, each lobe with few setae (Fig. 11).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
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Male abdomen: Tergites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VII">I-VII</normalizedToken>
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as in female; tergite VIII weakly sclerotized medially, with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla. Sternites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VI">II-VI</normalizedToken>
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as in female; sternite VII with lateral pair of trichoid sensilla situated anterior to the sclerotized sternite, several setae scattered anteriorly, median membranous bare area and 1-2 posterior row of setae; sternite VIII setose, with lateral pair of trichoid sensilla situated intersegmentally between sterna VII and VIII. Terminalia (Fig. 12): gonocoxite extending ventrally as convex lobe beyond of gonostylus; gonostylus stout, with unfused and compressed denticles, dorsally with setae on distal third, ventrally with a cluster of setae on the basal half. Cerci notched, each cercus with 4 strong setae and a few fine setae. Hypoproct shorter than cerci and aedeagus, bilobed, with a seta on each lobe. Parameres about half length of hypoproct. Aedeagus gradually tapering, acute apex, longer than cerci.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
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Figures 12-17.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Schizomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizomyia achyranthesae" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">Schizomyia achyranthesae</taxonomicName>
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. 12 Male terminalia 13 Larval spatula 14 Larval anus 15 Terminal larval segment dorsally 16 Ventral view of pupal head 17 Pupal prothoracic spiracle. Scale bars: 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(12-15), 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(16, 17).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
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Mature larva (Figs 13-15): Cylindrical, yellow. Number and position of thoracic and abdominal spiracles as in other
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" rank="tribe" tribe="Asphondyliini">Asphondyliini</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation author="Moehn, E" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde" pageId="24" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 14" title="Neue Asphondyliidi-Gattungen (Diptera, Itonididae)." volume="49" year="1961">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Möhn">Moehn</normalizedToken>
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1961
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</bibRefCitation>
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); 6 dorsal papillae present on all thoracic segments and abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VII">I-VII</normalizedToken>
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, each with a seta; abdominal segment VIII with 2 dorsal lobes, each with a setose dorsal papilla. Sternal spatula bilobed (Fig. 13) with posterior portion about 3.6 times as wide as the base of the anterior free portion. Two groups of lateral papillae on all thoracic segments, the inner group of 2 setose papillae and the outer group of 2 setose and 1 asetose papillae. Two sternal papillae on each thoracic segment and 4 sternal papillae on abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VIII">I-VIII</normalizedToken>
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, all without setae and situated on slight swellings. Ventral papillae each with a seta on meso- and metathoracic segments and on abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VII">I-VII</normalizedToken>
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. Anus situated ventrally, with simple opening and 4 asetose anal papillae (Fig. 14). Two
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="128" start="start">pairs</pageBreakToken>
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of pleural papillae present on all thoracic segments and abdominal segment VIII, and 3 pairs on abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VII">I-VII</normalizedToken>
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. Terminal segment (Fig. 15) with 2 setose and 2 corniform terminal papillae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
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Pupa (Figs 16, 17): Exuviae not pigmented except prothoracic spiracles and dorsal spines of abdomen. Antennal horns short; 2 pairs of cephalic papillae present, a pair with short seta; 2 pairs of lower facial papillae, a pair with seta; 3 lateral facial papillae present on each side, 1 with short seta, 2 without setae. Prothoracic spiracle, slightly curved, 23-29
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long (n = 6), connected with trachea to the tip. Spiracles present on abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VI">II-VI</normalizedToken>
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. Abdominal terga
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VIII">I-VIII</normalizedToken>
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each with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla and 2 pleural papillae; terga
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VII">I-VII</normalizedToken>
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each with 3 pairs of dorsal papillae, only outermost pair with a seta; tergum VIII with a pair of dorsal papillae, each with a seta. Abdominal terga
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VIII">II-VIII</normalizedToken>
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each with 3-4 rows of spines on median third.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
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Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu (
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<bibRefCitation author="Yukawa, J" journalOrPublisher="Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Tokyo" pageId="25" pageNumber="148" title="Insect and mite galls in Japan in color." year="1996">Yukawa and Masuda 1996</bibRefCitation>
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) and Tanegashima Island (
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<bibRefCitation author="Yukawa, J" journalOrPublisher="Satsuma" pageId="25" pageNumber="148" pagination="48 - 61" title="Cecidomyiid galls found on Tanegashima Island." volume="150" year="2013">Yukawa et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="gall and life history">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Gall and life history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Schizomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizomyia achyranthesae" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">Schizomyia achyranthesae</taxonomicName>
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induces subglobular fruit galls on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bidentata" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="bidentata">A. bidentata</taxonomicName>
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, 5.07-5.17 mm in diameter (n = 5) (Fig. 1) [Gall No. C-246 in
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<bibRefCitation author="Yukawa, J" journalOrPublisher="Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Tokyo" pageId="25" pageNumber="148" title="Insect and mite galls in Japan in color." year="1996">Yukawa and Masuda (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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]. Based on
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<bibRefCitation author="Yukawa, J" journalOrPublisher="Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Tokyo" pageId="25" pageNumber="148" title="Insect and mite galls in Japan in color." year="1996">Yukawa and Masuda (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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and present observations, each gall contains 1-13 chambers and each chamber contains a single larva. The galls appear in September. The mature larvae leave the galls between October and November and overwinter in the soil. The adults of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. achyranthesae" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">S. achyranthesae</taxonomicName>
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emerge during the flowering season of the host plant in August and September.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Schizomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizomyia achyranthesae" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">Schizomyia achyranthesae</taxonomicName>
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is distinguishable from the known
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Schizomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizomyia</taxonomicName>
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species, except
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. asteris" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="asteris">S. asteris</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. solidaginis" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="solidaginis">S. solidaginis</taxonomicName>
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, by its shallowly constricted male flagellomeres, lateral position of anterior pair of trichoid sensilla and presence of four larval terminal papillae, as well as two setose papillae in inner group of lateral papillae.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. achyranthesae" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">S. achyranthesae</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. solidaginis" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="solidaginis">S. solidaginis</taxonomicName>
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based on the larval characters as follows:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. achyranthesae" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">S. achyranthesae</taxonomicName>
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possesses a more elongated sternal spatula than
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. solidaginis" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="solidaginis">S. solidaginis</taxonomicName>
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; the inner group of lateral papillae consists of two setose papillae in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. achyranthesae" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">S. achyranthesae</taxonomicName>
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, but one setose and one asetose papillae in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. solidaginis" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="solidaginis">S. solidaginis</taxonomicName>
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; the anal opening is simple in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. achyranthesae" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">S. achyranthesae</taxonomicName>
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, while branched in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. solidaginis" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="solidaginis">S. solidaginis</taxonomicName>
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. Then,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. achyranthesae" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">S. achyranthesae</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. asteris" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="asteris">S. asteris</taxonomicName>
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by the following features: female cerci is less divided in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. achyranthesae" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">S. achyranthesae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; dorsal setae are present on the gonostylus in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. achyranthesae" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">S. achyranthesae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. asteris" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="asteris">A. asteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and the gonocoxite is only slightly extends ventrally beyond the gonostylus in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. achyranthesae" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">S. achyranthesae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the larval anal opening is simple in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. achyranthesae" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="achyranthesae">S. achyranthesae</taxonomicName>
|
||
while branched in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. asteris" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="asteris">S. asteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |