163 lines
21 KiB
XML
163 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="896F40FCC4EBE145F80B64AE6A790023">Revision of Phaenocora Ehrenberg, 1836 (Rhabditophora, Typhloplanidae, Phaenocorinae) with the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6A81770DD84658D60F37B7D921B03705">Steenkiste, Niels Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1F504FE43AC49373844E82D5882FAB36">Artois, Tom J.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="80AA50CDFFCAC53F17C40D04E77AFDF1" authority="Graff, 1911" authorityName="Graff" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,548,546,572]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Phaenocora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="agassizi">
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<emphasis id="75DEF75CFFCAC53F17C40D04E77AFDF1" bold="true" box="[151,548,546,572]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis id="75DEF75CFFCAC53F17C40D04E4D1FDF1" bold="true" box="[151,399,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">Phaenocora agassizi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F16C50D04E77AFDF1" author="Graff" box="[406,548,546,572]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Graff, L., von (1911) Acoela, Rhabdocoela und Alloeocoela des Ostens der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftlichen Zoologie, 99, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1911">Graff, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="0FB078C5FFCAC53F17C40D4FE473FB02" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="47152B4EFFCAC53F17C40D4FE669FD71" blockId="46.[151,1436,617,731]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName id="80AA50CDFFCAC53F17C40D4FE757FDB2" authority="Graff 1911: 52" authorityName="Graff" authorityPageNumber="52" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,521,617,639]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Phaenocora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="agassizi">
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<emphasis id="75DEF75CFFCAC53F17C40D4FE435FDB2" box="[151,363,617,639]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">Phaenocora agassizi</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="C60B0D5FFFCAC53F16210D4FE757FDB2" author="Graff" box="[370,521,617,639]" page="52" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" year="1911">
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<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F16210D4FE4BAFDB2" author="Graff" box="[370,484,617,639]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Graff, L., von (1911) Acoela, Rhabdocoela und Alloeocoela des Ostens der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftlichen Zoologie, 99, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1911">Graff 1911</bibRefCitation>
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: 52
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–53, plate 4
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<figureCitation id="DF9137CBFFCAC53F15D50D4FE783FDB2" box="[646,733,617,639]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1706,1728]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionStartId-3="9.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionStartId-4="11.[151,250,1406,1428]" captionTargetBox-0="[216,1369,646,1866]" captionTargetBox-3="[230,1423,246,1669]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[743,1191,1176,1609]" captionTargetId-3="figure@9.[724,989,953,1043]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Photographs of live animals A, P. evelinae. B, P. foliacea from South Africa. C, P. foliacea from India. D, P. aglobulata sp. nov.. E – H, P. gilberti sp. nov.: E – F, pigmentation of the head. G, male copulatory organ. H, female genital canal." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Phaenocora anomalocoela A, reproductive structures as seen on whole mount (G 211245). B, sagital reconstruction of the reproductive structures (caudal end at the left) (QM no. G 211246). C, partly evaginated male copulatory organ as seen on whole mount (QM no. G 211245). D, positioning of the reproductive structures on sagittal sections (caudal end at the left) (QM no. G 211246)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Phaenocora aglobulata sp. nov. A, habitus of a free swimming animal. B, reconstruction on sagittal sections of the male copulatory organ. (caudal end at the right) C, reconstruction on sagittal sections of female genital system. (caudal end at the right) D, schematic representation of the cirrus. (B – D: SMNH Type- 8671)." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Phaenocora evelinae A, habitus of live animal with an invaginated male copulatory organ. B, invaginated male copulatory organ as seen on live animal. C, partly evaginated male copulatory organ as seen on live animal. D, evaginated male copulatory organ as seen on live animal. E, reconstruction on sagittal sections of male copulatory organ (caudal end at the left) F, reconstruction on sagittal sections of female genital system (caudal end at the left). (E – F: HU no. VI. 3.25)." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Phaenocora anomalocoela, reconstuction on sagittal sections of the pharynx (caudal end at the left). (QM no. G 211246)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/224902/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/224903/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">Fig. 1–6</figureCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="C60B0D5FFFCAC53F15BA0D4FE6D1FDB2" author="Graff" box="[745,911,617,639]" page="134" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" year="1913">
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<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F15BA0D4FE602FDB2" author="Graff" box="[745,860,617,639]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Graff, L., von (1913) Das Tierreich 35. Turbellaria II. Rhabdocoelida. Verlag von Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin, 484 pp." type="book" year="1913">Graff 1913</bibRefCitation>
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: 134
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, 141–142, Figs 142, 143, 143a;
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<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F13840D4FE42EFD53" author="Stummer-Traunfels" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Stummer-Traunfels, R. & Meixner, J. (1930) Vierter Band: Vermes Abteilung Ic: Turbellaria 3.: Polycladida, Literatur V. In: Dr. H. G. Bronns Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs, Leipzig, pp. 3371 - 3484." type="book chapter" year="1930">Stummer-Traunfels & Meixner 1930</bibRefCitation>
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(and references therein): 3405;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="C60B0D5FFFCAC53F15E70DAEE634FD53" author="Gilbert" box="[692,874,648,670]" page="284" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" year="1935">
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<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F15E70DAEE666FD53" author="Gilbert" box="[692,824,648,670]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Gilbert, C. M. (1935) A comparative study of three new American species of the genus Phaenocora with especial reference to their reproductive organs and their relationships with the other described forms of the genus. Acta zoologica, 16, 283 - 386. [Plate I - V]" type="journal article" year="1935">Gilbert 1935</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 284
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, 287–288, 293, 295, 297, 314, 339, 347–348, 352, 355, TextFig. 3L, tables 1–2;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C60B0D5FFFCAC53F16EC0D80E724FD71" author="Ruebush" box="[447,634,678,700]" page="53" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" year="1939">
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<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F16EC0D80E70BFD71" author="Ruebush" box="[447,597,678,700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Ruebush, T. K. (1939) Report on the Rhabdocoele Turbellaria. Collected by the Yale North India expedition. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 126, 49 - 67." type="journal article" year="1939">Ruebush 1939</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 53
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C60B0D5FFFCAC53F15D60D81E66DFD71" author="Marcus" box="[645,819,678,700]" page="91" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" year="1946">
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<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F15D60D81E653FD71" author="Marcus" box="[645,781,678,700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Marcus, E. (1946) Sobre Turbellaria Brasilieros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Zoologia, 11, 5 - 254. [Tab. I - XXXI]" type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus 1946</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 91
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="47152B4EFFCAC53F17C40DE3E6B0FD16" blockId="46.[151,1436,617,731]" box="[151,1006,709,731]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName id="80AA50CDFFCAC53F17C40DE3E42FFD16" box="[151,369,709,731]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Phoenocora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="agassizi">
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||
<emphasis id="75DEF75CFFCAC53F17C40DE3E42FFD16" box="[151,369,709,731]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">Phoenocora agassizi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(incorrect subsequent spelling) Cognetti de Martiis 1916: 201.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="47152B4EFFCAC53F17C40C2FE06FFCED" blockId="46.[151,1437,775,1232]" box="[151,1329,775,800]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis id="75DEF75CFFCAC53F17C40C2FE427FCED" box="[151,377,775,800]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">Known distribution:</emphasis>
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Rochester (New York,
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<collectingCountry id="3FBD6BDEFFCAC53F15D20C2EE7E3FCED" box="[641,701,776,800]" name="United States of America" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">USA</collectingCountry>
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), pond at the east wide waters (
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<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F13480C21E1C4FCED" author="Graff" box="[1051,1178,775,800]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Graff, L., von (1911) Acoela, Rhabdocoela und Alloeocoela des Ostens der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftlichen Zoologie, 99, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1911">Graff 1911</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F13F50C21E07BFCED" author="Graff" box="[1190,1317,775,800]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Graff, L., von (1913) Das Tierreich 35. Turbellaria II. Rhabdocoelida. Verlag von Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin, 484 pp." type="book" year="1913">Graff 1913</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="47152B4EFFCAC53F17940C0AE05EFB4A" blockId="46.[151,1437,775,1232]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">
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According to Graff’s (1911) description of live animals,
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<taxonomicName id="80AA50CDFFCAC53F14020C0BE698FC89" box="[849,966,813,836]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Phoenocora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="agasizzi">
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<emphasis id="75DEF75CFFCAC53F14020C0BE698FC89" box="[849,966,813,836]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">P. agasizzi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is 1.5 to
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<quantity id="805286ABFFCAC53F13650C0AE127FC89" box="[1078,1145,812,836]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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long and has dermal and adenal rhabdites. The eyes are reddish to light yellow under reflective light. The male copulatory organ bears spines and probably is of the duplex-type IB. The female structures are not clearly described. Because of this,
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<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F17C40CB1E464FC7D" author="Gilbert" box="[151,314,919,944]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Gilbert, C. M. (1935) A comparative study of three new American species of the genus Phaenocora with especial reference to their reproductive organs and their relationships with the other described forms of the genus. Acta zoologica, 16, 283 - 386. [Plate I - V]" type="journal article" year="1935">Gilbert (1935)</bibRefCitation>
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considered the female system of
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||
<taxonomicName id="80AA50CDFFCAC53F15EE0CBFE66DFC7D" box="[701,819,921,944]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Phoenocora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="agassizi">
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<emphasis id="75DEF75CFFCAC53F15EE0CBFE66DFC7D" box="[701,819,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">P. agassizi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
to belong to a
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<typeStatus id="981195ECFFCAC53F14B60CBEE14BFC7D" box="[997,1045,920,944]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">type</typeStatus>
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||
of its own, a contestable decision considering the lack of knowledge as to the detailed construction of this system. Indeed,
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<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F13DC0C9AE043FC19" author="Graff" box="[1167,1309,956,981]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Graff, L., von (1911) Acoela, Rhabdocoela und Alloeocoela des Ostens der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftlichen Zoologie, 99, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1911">Graff (1911)</bibRefCitation>
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mentioned that the vitelloduct opens into the atrium, a situation that would be unique within the genus
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<taxonomicName id="80AA50CDFFCAC53F13800CF9E002FC35" ID-CoL="7PR5S" box="[1235,1372,991,1016]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Phaenocora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="75DEF75CFFCAC53F13800CF9E002FC35" box="[1235,1372,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">Phaenocora</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. It is possible that
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<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F16780B22E4E9FBD1" author="Graff" box="[299,439,1028,1053]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Graff, L., von (1911) Acoela, Rhabdocoela und Alloeocoela des Ostens der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftlichen Zoologie, 99, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1911">Graff (1911)</bibRefCitation>
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interpreted the glands of the pear-shaped appendages as the openings of the vitelloducts. The only certainty is that the oviduct opens near the genital atrium. Although
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<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F14AE0B01E1D7FB8D" author="Graff" box="[1021,1161,1063,1088]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Graff, L., von (1911) Acoela, Rhabdocoela und Alloeocoela des Ostens der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftlichen Zoologie, 99, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1911">Graff (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned the atrium to be split into two, he made no distinction between an inferior and superior part. Therefore we can only assume the reproductive structures to open into the superior genital atrium as in all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80AA50CDFFCAC53F13230B49E1A7FB45" ID-CoL="7PR5S" box="[1136,1273,1135,1160]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Phaenocora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="75DEF75CFFCAC53F13230B49E1A7FB45" box="[1136,1273,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">Phaenocora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="47152B4EFFCAC53F17940BB2E473FB02" blockId="46.[151,1437,775,1232]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F17940BB2E43DFB61" author="Carter" box="[199,355,1172,1196]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Carter, J. (1929) Observations on Rhabdocoeles of Abemarle County, Virginia. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 48, 431 - 437." type="journal article" year="1929">Carter (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also mentioned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80AA50CDFFCAC53F15780BB3E7FEFB61" box="[555,672,1173,1196]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Phoenocora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="agassizi">
|
||
<emphasis id="75DEF75CFFCAC53F15780BB3E7FEFB61" box="[555,672,1173,1196]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">P. agassizi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="233B56BFFFCAC53F14910BB2E1F8FB61" author="Gilbert" box="[962,1190,1172,1197]" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" refString="Gilbert, C. M. (1935) A comparative study of three new American species of the genus Phaenocora with especial reference to their reproductive organs and their relationships with the other described forms of the genus. Acta zoologica, 16, 283 - 386. [Plate I - V]" type="journal article" year="1935">Gilbert (1935: 339)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
this record refers to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80AA50CDFFCAC53F17C40B9FE478FB1D" ID-CoL="4FLVH" box="[151,294,1209,1232]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Phaenocora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="46" pageNumber="347" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="75DEF75CFFCAC53F17C40B9FE478FB1D" box="[151,294,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="347">P. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |