211 lines
26 KiB
XML
211 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="9B3EF6CEF623A362AF2BD230EB798DDE">
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<mods:title id="3D749F6833C15ADC7994BD2F960C1E6D">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F2E7B873570D530B8E3B00D298DDDB9C">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FC58D61A76F9E24F6CFC6003E3E8F369">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="C0FC59AC5A1DC196C00970FD3686056B">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="357957D0825A79B435CAF62AC1E9B80E" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="93C49D62879E3AE52FDE4949FAF88502">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="ADBE9DBBB30F230A86D73D2C80BB5C73">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5FF3FC7A420A2A6B1210614B27BB28C1">
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<mods:title id="E8BAE4CAE3888EFA882A0C57A86B28D9">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="FF2BE32A0C4F89042E6C91D1B25586C4">716</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="9849683753CCB65CDAC9655B48E82C16">981</mods:end>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FFB46A14FA829CF91C69B221" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581290" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628470" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581290" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFB46A14FA829CF91C69B221" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFB46A14FA829CF91C69B221" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="838" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BFA829CF91BCEB1FC" box="[1406,1486,2720,2766]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFA829CF91BCEB1FC" blockId="79.[1402,2500,2720,2807]" box="[1406,1486,2720,2766]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
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<heading id="9F638192FFB46A0BFA829CF91BCEB1FC" box="[1406,1486,2720,2766]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFB46A0BFA829CF91BCEB1FC" box="[1406,1486,2720,2766]" captionStart="Plate 61: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="73.[138,158,3293,3335]" captionTargetBox="[12,2750,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="144. Variegated Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris variegata), 145. Machado’s Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris machadoi), 146. Glen's Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris gleni), 147. Pied Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris superba), 148. Common Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris argentata), 149. Bibundi Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris egeria), 150. Abo Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris poensts), 151. Striped Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris alboguttata), 152. Beatrix’s Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris beatrix), 153. Curry’s Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris curryae), 154. Spotted Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris humeralis), 155. Blackish Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris atra), 156. Kenyan Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris kenyacola), 157. Doria’s False Serotine (Hesperoptenus doriae), 158. Tickell’s False Serotine (Hesperoptenus tickelli), 159. Blanford’s False Serotine (Hesperoptenus blanfordi), 160. Large False Serotine (Hesperoptenus tomesi), 161. Gaskell’s False Serotine (Hesperoptenus gaskelli), 162. Great Evening Bat (Ia io), 163. Harlequin Bat (Scotomanes ornatus), 164. Ruppell’s Broad-nosed Bat (Scoteanax rueppellii), 165. Northern Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens sanborni), 166. Little Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens greyii), 167. Inland Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens balstoni), 168. Eastern Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens orion), 169. Silver-haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398521/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">165.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BFA239CF9160FB1FC" box="[1503,2063,2720,2766]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFA239CF9160FB1FC" blockId="79.[1402,2500,2720,2807]" box="[1503,2063,2720,2766]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
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<heading id="9F638192FFB46A0BFA239CF9160FB1FC" box="[1503,2063,2720,2766]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFB46A0BFA239CF9160FB1FC" ID-CoL="4VY9Z" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1937" box="[1503,2063,2720,2766]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanborni">Northern Broad-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BF7BE9CF917C4B1FC" box="[2114,2500,2720,2766]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BF7BE9CF917C4B1FC" blockId="79.[1402,2500,2720,2807]" box="[2114,2500,2720,2766]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
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<heading id="9F638192FFB46A0BF7BE9CF917C4B1FC" box="[2114,2500,2720,2766]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF7BE9CF917C4B1FC" ID-CoL="4VY9Z" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1937" box="[2114,2500,2720,2766]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanborni">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BF7BE9CF917C4B1FC" box="[2114,2500,2720,2766]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Scotorepens sanborni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BFA879CB917A4B1C7" box="[1403,2468,2784,2805]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFA879CB917A4B1C7" blockId="79.[1402,2500,2720,2807]" box="[1403,2468,2784,2805]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
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<heading id="9F638192FFB46A0BFA879CB917A4B1C7" box="[1403,2468,2784,2805]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BFA879CB91BC7B1C7" bold="true" box="[1403,1479,2784,2805]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFB46A0BFA2C9CB9189CB1C7" ID-CoL="4VY9Z" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1937" box="[1488,1692,2784,2805]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanborni">Sérotine de Sanborn</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BF94D9CB9190CB1C7" bold="true" box="[1713,1804,2784,2805]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFB46A0BF8E99CB9164BB1C7" ID-CoL="4VY9Z" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1937" box="[1813,2123,2784,2805]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanborni">Sanborn-Breitnasenfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BF79C9CB916BCB1C7" bold="true" box="[2144,2236,2784,2805]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFB46A0BF7399CB917A4B1C7" ID-CoL="4VY9Z" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1937" box="[2245,2468,2784,2805]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanborni">Scotorepo de Sanborn</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BF8239D7E1628B059" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BF8239D7E1628B059" blockId="79.[2015,2609,2855,3278]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BF8239D7E1678B076" bold="true" box="[2015,2168,2855,2884]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF7739D7E1623B059" ID-CoL="4VXL5" authority="Troughton, 1937" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scoteinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanborni">Scoteinus sanborni Troughton, 1937</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BF7C99D1316B9B0A0" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BF7C99D1316B9B0A0" blockId="79.[2015,2609,2855,3278]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFB46A0BF7C99D1316B9B0A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319539" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
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East Cape,
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFB46A0BF72E9D1317E4B059" box="[2258,2532,2890,2923]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Milne Bay" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Milne Bay Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFB46A0BF60A9D1316B5B0A0" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BF81C9DC017CFB6A1" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BF81C9DC017CFB6A1" blockId="79.[2015,2609,2855,3278]" lastBlockId="79.[1402,2611,3284,3475]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
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Placement of
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF74D9DC0173BB088" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1943" box="[2225,2363,2969,3002]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotorepens</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF66D9DC0140EB088" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1943" box="[2449,2574,2969,3002]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scoteanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scoteanax</taxonomicName>
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is currently uncertain. They seem to be closely related, but their relationship to other genera of
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF77D9A4D1765B703" box="[2177,2405,3092,3121]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Vespertilionidae</taxonomicName>
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is uncertain. They are tentatively included in Eptesicini here, but genetic data are needed to establish their position in the family. They might be related to other Australasian vespertilionids such as
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF9DB9A8D18B9B7C7" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1943" box="[1575,1721,3284,3317]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Falsistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Falsistrellus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF9309A8D194FB7C7" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1943" box="[1740,1871,3284,3317]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespadelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Vespadelus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF89D9A8D1604B7C7" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[1889,2052,3284,3317]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chalinolobus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF7AD9A8D16E4B7C7" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[2129,2276,3284,3317]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF7089A8D177FB7C7" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1943" box="[2292,2431,3284,3317]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotorepens</taxonomicName>
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is in need of revision according to unpublished morphological data, and there is a well-known undescribed species of
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF9619B7A1927B676" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1943" box="[1693,1831,3363,3396]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotorepens</taxonomicName>
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known as the “Central-eastern Broad-nosed Bat” (from south-eastern
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFB46A0BF9C39B1318E7B659" box="[1599,1767,3402,3435]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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and north-eastern
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFB46A0BF8059B1316EEB659" box="[2041,2286,3402,3435]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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) that is sympatric with the three other species of
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF91B9B2B1972B6A1" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1943" box="[1767,1906,3442,3475]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotorepens</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF87D9B2B19E3B6A1" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1921,2019,3442,3475]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="838" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="greyii">S. greyii</taxonomicName>
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, S.
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF7E89B2B1675B6A1" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[2068,2165,3442,3475]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balstoni">balstoni</taxonomicName>
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, and S.
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF7189B2B1724B6A1" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1937" box="[2276,2340,3442,3475]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orion">orion</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAB6A14FF5997441DB1BA6C" pageId="80" pageNumber="838" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="90EB6676FFAB6A14FF5997441DB1BA6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398128" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398128/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="838" targetBox="[1399,1991,2858,3272]" targetPageId="79">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAB6A14FF5997441DB1BA6C" blockId="80.[164,1374,285,2326]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAB6A14FF5997441F56BA04" bold="true" box="[165,342,285,310]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Timor I, SE New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFAB6A14FDAB97441CBDBA04" box="[599,701,285,310]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(as well as Dolak I), and NE
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFAB6A14FBA697441B54BA04" box="[1114,1364,285,310]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, NW
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFAB6A14FF19971C1FF0BA6C" box="[229,496,325,350]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and NE
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFAB6A14FD88971C1D1FBA6C" box="[628,799,325,350]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFAB6A14FCD2971C1DADBA6C" box="[814,941,325,350]" name="Australia" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAB6A14FF5A97311DEFBE0A" pageId="80" pageNumber="838" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAB6A14FF5A97311DEFBE0A" blockId="80.[164,1374,285,2326]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAB6A14FF5A97311FA5BAB7" bold="true" box="[166,421,360,389]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 36-8-57 mm, tail 27-5-38-9 mm, ear 9-1-13-5 mm, hindfoot 7-1-9 mm, forearm 27-9-37 mm; weight 5-7-9-1 g. The Northern Broadnosed Bat is almost identical to the Little Broad-nosed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFAB6A14FC1D97EA1A4ABAE6" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[993,1098,435,468]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="838" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="greyii">S. greyii</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which can only be identified by genetics, skull measurements, and plotting braincase width against palatal length. Forearm length increases from west to east and from south to north. Dorsal pelage of the Northern Broad-nosed Bat is tawny brown (hairs brown with light reddish tinge and dark bases); ventral pelage is slightly lighter. Ears are relatively slender and subtriangular, anterior edge being smoothly convex with rounded tip; tragus is evenly curved upward, with concave anterior edge, moderately convex posterior edge, and rounded tip. Muzzle is broad, with square-shape and inflated glands on each side, and nostrils are simple and rounded, diverging from one another. Bare parts offace, ears, and membranes are dark brown. Wing attaches at base offifth toe, and uropatagium extends from long calcar to tail tip; calcar stretches about halfway to tail and has small calcaneal lobe. Glans penis has up to ten spines on head, mainly in two long rows. Baculum is short (2-4-2-6 mm), with relatively robust shaft thatis slightly curved in lateral view; distal head is bifurcated, with two short narrow prongs behind which shaft occasionally narrows slightly before enlarging into slight lateral flanges; base is moderately wide, gently curved posterodorsally, and occasionally more squared in line of shaft; there is a groove on caudal and cranial surface of base that is shallow and wide and meets as a notch at apex. Skull is short, with relatively wide cranium; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are absent; anterior palatal notch is semicircular, usually ending in line with anterior (occasionally posterior) edge of P* I? is unicuspid and does not touch C'; P* is one-half to two-thirds the height of C' and touchesit; lower incisors are tricuspid; and P, is small and less than one-half the height of P,. Dental formula for all species of Scotorepensis11/3,C1/1,P1/2,M 3/3 (x2) = 30.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAB6A14FF5993671B3DBE9F" pageId="80" pageNumber="838" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAB6A14FF5993671B3DBE9F" blockId="80.[164,1374,285,2326]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAB6A14FF5993671F15BE6D" bold="true" box="[165,277,1342,1375]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Various habitats including monsoon forests, open woodlands, and heathlands and apparent preference for mangrove and floodplain areas adjacent to paperbark forests (Kimberley region of north-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFAB6A14FCFB93D51D85BE9F" box="[775,901,1420,1453]" name="Australia" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) from sea level up to ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFAB6A14FB3793D51B39BE9F" box="[1227,1337,1420,1453]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="80" pageNumber="838" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAB6A14FF5A93ED1B37BDA8" pageId="80" pageNumber="838" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAB6A14FF5A93ED1B37BDA8" blockId="80.[164,1374,285,2326]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAB6A14FF5A93ED1FA7BEE7" bold="true" box="[166,423,1460,1493]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Northern Broad-nosed Bat forages close to cluttered vegetation by aerial-hawking and has been observed foraging 4-5 m aboveground in the forest understory of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFAB6A14FEB8905A1FEFBD16" box="[324,495,1539,1572]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
. In the Top End region, fecal and stomach samples mainly contained beetles (44-2% by volume), true bugs (27-7%), and hymenopterans (17-7%), along with smaller amounts of lepidopterans, cockroaches, termites, neuropterans, and flies (although individuals were not differentiated from the Little Broad-nosed Bat).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAB6A14FF5A90F81B59BDDB" pageId="80" pageNumber="838" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAB6A14FF5A90F81B59BDDB" blockId="80.[164,1374,285,2326]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAB6A14FF5A90F81F2CBDF0" bold="true" box="[166,300,1697,1730]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Pregnant Northern Broad-nosed Bats have been caught in August-September. One or two young (generally one) are born in late September or early December.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAB6A14FF5890A91A43BCE4" pageId="80" pageNumber="838" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAB6A14FF5890A91A43BCE4" blockId="80.[164,1374,285,2326]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAB6A14FF5890A91F90BC23" bold="true" box="[164,400,1776,1809]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Northern Broad-nosed Bat roosts in hollow trees and buildings. It forages along rivers and edges of quiet bays, along paths and roads, and around lights in urban areas. Call shape is steep FM/QCF sweep. In Kimberley, characteristic frequency averaged 41-1 kHz, with durations of 6-12 milliseconds. Another study in the Top End region found characteristic frequencies of 34-6—41-4 kHz (mean 38 kHz), but these were not differentiable from the Little Broad-nosed Bat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAB6A14FF5A91851C7BB37F" pageId="80" pageNumber="838" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAB6A14FF5A91851C7BB37F" blockId="80.[164,1374,285,2326]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAB6A14FF5A91851D71BCCF" bold="true" box="[166,881,2012,2045]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Northern Broad-nosed Bats roost in colonies of a few individuals (often ¢.20 individuals) in tree hollows up to several hundred individuals in buildings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAB6A14FF5B9E0A1AC2B346" box="[167,1218,2131,2164]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAB6A14FF5B9E0A1AC2B346" blockId="80.[164,1374,285,2326]" box="[167,1218,2131,2164]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAB6A14FF5B9E0A1C04B346" bold="true" box="[167,516,2131,2164]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAB6A14FF5B9EDA1C69B221" pageId="80" pageNumber="838" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAB6A14FF5B9EDA1C69B221" blockId="80.[164,1374,285,2326]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAB6A14FF5B9EDA1F40B3AE" bold="true" box="[167,320,2179,2204]" pageId="80" pageNumber="838">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Baverstock et al. (1987), Bonaccorso (1998), Churchill (2008), Flannery (1995a, 1995b), Hall (2008d), Hutson, Schlitter, Csorba, Bonaccorso & McKenzie (2008), Kitchener & Caputi (1985), Kitchener, Adams & Boeadi (1994), McKenzie & Bullen (2012), McKenzie & Rolfe (1986), Milne (2002), Milne, Armstrong et al. (2004), Milne, Burwell & Pavey (2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |