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<document id="59170DF41C773BCC306865094B75216D" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFA16A1FFA469DB41B16B6BB" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Eptesicus bottae" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="849" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="848" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="87C17CB47241942F99D271C1EA1891CA">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0B91EDAAF319A57B13125E3E99D2A9D6">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B5D7948327A81542E20624865F3C6FF2">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FFA16A1FFA469DB41B16B6BB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581302" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628456" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581302" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFA16A1FFA469DB41B16B6BB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFA16A1FFA469DB41B16B6BB" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="849" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA16A1EFA469DB4180AB72D" box="[1466,1546,3053,3103]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA16A1EFA469DB4180AB72D" blockId="90.[1461,2426,3053,3182]" box="[1466,1546,3053,3103]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
<heading id="9F638192FFA16A1EFA469DB4180AB72D" box="[1466,1546,3053,3103]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFA16A1EFA469DB4180AB72D" box="[1466,1546,3053,3103]" captionStart="Plate 62: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="83.[123,153,3251,3276]" captionTargetBox="[12,2747,19,3659]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="170. Humboldt’s Big-eared Brown Bat (Hustiotus humboldti), 171. Tropical Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus velatus), 172. Transparent-winged Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus diaphanopterus), 173. Strange Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus alienus), 174. Small Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus montanus), 175. Thomas’s Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus laephotis), 176. Common Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus macrotus), 177. Southern Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus magellanicus), 178. Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus), 179. Guadeloupe Serotine (Eptesicus guadeloupensis), 180. Diminutive Serotine (Eptesicus diminutus), 181. Little Black Serotine (Eptesicus andinus), 182. Chiriquinan Serotine (Eptesicus chiriquinus), 183. Argentine Serotine (Eptesicus furinalis), 184. Harmless Serotine (Eptesicus innoxius), 185. Brazilian Serotine (Eplesicus brasiliensis), 186. Taddei’s Serotine (Eptesicus taddeii), 187. Ulapes Serotine (Eptesicus ulapesensis), 188. Horn-skinned Serotine (Eptesicus floweri), 189. Lagos Serotine (Eptesicus platyops), 190. Long-tailed Serotine (Eptesicus hottentotus), 191. Ognev’s Serotine (Eptesicus ognevi), 192. Anatolian Serotine (Eptesicus anatolicus), 193. Botta’s Serotine (Eptesicus bottae), 194. Meridional Serotine (Eptesicus isabellinus), 195. Oriental Serotine (Eptesicus pachyomus), 196. Eurasian Serotine (Eplesicus serotinus), 197. Northern Serotine (Eptesicus nilssonii), 198. Sombre Serotine (Eptesicus tatei), 199. Gobi Serotine (Eptesicus gobiensis), 200. Japanese Serotine (Eptesicus japonensis), 201. Thick-eared Serotine (Eplesicus pachyotis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398523/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">193.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA16A1EF9E69DB41962B72D" box="[1562,1890,3053,3103]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA16A1EF9E69DB41962B72D" blockId="90.[1461,2426,3053,3182]" box="[1562,1890,3053,3103]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
<heading id="9F638192FFA16A1EF9E69DB41962B72D" box="[1562,1890,3053,3103]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA16A1EF9E69DB41962B72D" ID-CoL="8LZDC" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1562,1890,3053,3103]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bottae">Botta’s Serotine</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA16A1EF85A9DB416B9B72D" box="[1958,2233,3053,3103]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA16A1EF85A9DB416B9B72D" blockId="90.[1461,2426,3053,3182]" box="[1958,2233,3053,3103]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
<heading id="9F638192FFA16A1EF85A9DB416B9B72D" box="[1958,2233,3053,3103]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA16A1EF85A9DB416B9B72D" ID-CoL="8LZDC" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1958,2233,3053,3103]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bottae">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA16A1EF85A9DB416B9B72D" box="[1958,2233,3053,3103]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">Eptesicus bottae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA16A1EFA4B9A69197DB75C" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA16A1EFA4B9A691779B777" blockId="90.[1461,2426,3053,3182]" box="[1463,2425,3120,3141]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
<heading id="9F638192FFA16A1EFA4B9A691779B777" box="[1463,2425,3120,3141]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA16A1EFA4B9A691802B777" bold="true" box="[1463,1538,3120,3141]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA16A1EF9F79A6918B9B777" ID-CoL="8LZDC" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1547,1721,3120,3141]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bottae">Sérotine de Botta</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA16A1EF9329A691929B777" bold="true" box="[1742,1833,3120,3141]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA16A1EF8CE9A691644B777" ID-CoL="8LZDC" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1842,2116,3120,3141]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bottae">Botta-Breitflligelfledermaus</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA16A1EF7A59A6916B5B777" bold="true" box="[2137,2229,3120,3141]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA16A1EF7439A691779B777" ID-CoL="8LZDC" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[2239,2425,3120,3141]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bottae">Eptesicus de Botta</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA16A1EFA4A9A00197DB75C" blockId="90.[1461,2426,3053,3182]" box="[1462,1917,3161,3182]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
<heading id="9F638192FFA16A1EFA4A9A00197DB75C" box="[1462,1917,3161,3182]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA16A1EFA4A9A0018ADB75C" bold="true" box="[1462,1709,3161,3182]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA16A1EF94B9A00197DB75C" ID-CoL="8LZDC" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1719,1917,3161,3182]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bottae">Botta's Serotine Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA16A1EFA4A9AC319C0B789" box="[1462,1984,3226,3259]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA16A1EFA4A9AC319C0B789" blockId="90.[1461,2668,3226,3466]" box="[1462,1984,3226,3259]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA16A1EFA4A9AC3184CB789" bold="true" box="[1462,1612,3226,3259]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA16A1EF9A19AC319BBB789" ID-CoL="9d8dbb91-fbae-4b69-8f1d-66c19c4d8968" authority="Peters, 1869" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1869" box="[1629,1979,3226,3259]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vesperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bottae">Vesperus bottae Peters, 1869</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA16A1EF8309AC31450B7D0" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA16A1EF8309AC31450B7D0" blockId="90.[1461,2668,3226,3466]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFA16A1EF8309AC31450B7D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319590" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
“Arabien.” Restricted by I. A. Nader and D. Kock in 1990 to the area between
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFA16A1EF8C89A9019ABB7D0" box="[1844,1963,3273,3298]" country="Yemen" name="Al Hudaydah" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">Hodeida</collectingRegion>
, Hays,
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFA16A1EF7F59A901655B7D0" box="[2057,2133,3273,3298]" country="Yemen" name="Ta'izz" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">Ta’izz</collectingRegion>
and Al Mukha, south-western
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA16A1EF6109A90144CB7D0" box="[2540,2636,3273,3298]" name="Yemen" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">Yemen</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA16A1FFA449AB01B0DB9D4" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="849" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA16A1FFA449AB01B0DB9D4" blockId="90.[1461,2668,3226,3466]" lastBlockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="849" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA16A1EFA449AB0187FB638" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1464,1663,3305,3338]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bottae">Eptesicus bottae</taxonomicName>
previously included
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA16A1EF8549AB01621B638" authorityName="Bobrinski" authorityYear="1918" box="[1960,2081,3305,3338]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ognevi">E. ognevi</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA16A1EF7979AB01715B638" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1971" box="[2155,2325,3305,3338]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anatolicus">E. anatolicus</taxonomicName>
as subspecies, although recent genetic studies by J. Juste and colleagues in 2013 found that all three species are valid.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA16A1EF9B89B61190BB66B" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1604,1803,3384,3417]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bottae">Eptesicus bottae</taxonomicName>
appears to be either related to
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA16A1EF72A9B61176CB66B" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[2262,2412,3384,3417]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serotinus">E. serotinus</taxonomicName>
(using mitochondrial genes) or to
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA16A1EF9499B3A195CB6B2" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1971" box="[1717,1884,3427,3456]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anatolicus">E. anatolicus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA16A1EF8909B3A161BB6B2" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1900,2075,3427,3456]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">E. hottentotus</taxonomicName>
, or
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA16A1EF7AE9B3A16C9B6B2" authorityName="Bobrinski" authorityYear="1918" box="[2130,2249,3427,3456]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ognevi">E. ognevi</taxonomicName>
(using nuclear genes), but its position is still uncertain. I. V. Artyushin and colleagues in 2018 found a similarly conflicting dataset that supported the traditional view that
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFC1897D51A56BA9F" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[996,1110,396,429]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bottae">E. bottae</taxonomicName>
includes
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFB1F97D51D15BAE6" authorityName="Bobrinski" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="850" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ognevi">E. ognevi</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFC9797EA1A1BBAE6" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1971" box="[875,1051,435,468]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anatolicus">E. anatolicus</taxonomicName>
based on nuclear genes.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFCC397821A0CBACE" authorityName="Bobrinski" authorityYear="1918" box="[831,1036,475,508]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ognevi">Eptesicus ognevi</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFBAD97821AF9BACE" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1971" box="[1105,1273,475,508]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anatolicus">E. anatolicus</taxonomicName>
are included as distinct species here, pending amore complete genetic and morphological study encompassing full distributions of all taxa in FE.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFC2494211A20B9AB" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[984,1056,632,665]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="bottae">bottae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDD35797FFA06A1FFBD194211AC0B9AB" box="[1069,1216,632,665]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
. There are limited morphological and genetic distinctions between each ofthe recognized subspecies. Five subspecies recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA06A1FFF8494B31CE2B8CA" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FFA06A1FFF8494B31CE2B8CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398216/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" targetBox="[119,710,274,688]" targetPageId="91">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA06A1FFF8494B31C08B839" blockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" box="[120,520,746,779]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA06A1FFF8494B31C08B839" bold="true" box="[120,520,746,779]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA06A1FFF8B95421D92B806" blockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" box="[119,914,795,820]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFF8B95421D92B806" authority="Peters, 1869" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1869" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[119,914,795,820]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bottae" subSpecies="bottae">E.b.bottaePeters,1869—SWSaudiArabiaandWYemen.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA06A1FFF8B95621AC8B86E" blockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" box="[119,1224,827,860]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFF8B95621AC8B86E" authority="Thomas, 1919" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1919" box="[119,1224,827,860]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bottae" subSpecies="hingstoni">E.b.hingstoniThomas,1919—MesopotamianregionofSyria,Iraq,andKuwait.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA06A1FFF8A95321C1EB89A" blockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFF8A95321C1EB89A" authority="Lataste, 1387" authorityName="Lataste" authorityYear="1387" baseAuthorityName="Lataste" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bottae" subSpecies="innesi">E.b.innesiLataste,1387—NEEgypt(NileDeltaandSinaiPeninsula),SIsrael,SWJordan,andNWSaudiArabia.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA06A1FFF8A95EC1A99B8E0" blockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" box="[118,1177,949,978]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFF8A95EC1A99B8E0" authority="D. L. Harrison, 1976" authorityName="Harrison" authorityYear="1976" box="[118,1177,949,978]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bottae" subSpecies="omanensis">E.b.omanensisD.L.Harrison,1976—EUnitedArabEmiratesandEOman.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA06A1FFF8A958E1CE2B8CA" blockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" box="[118,738,983,1016]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFF8A958E1C52B8CA" authority="de Roguin, 1988" authorityName="de Roguin" authorityYear="1988" box="[118,594,983,1016]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bottae" subSpecies="taftanimontis">E. b. taftanimontis de Roguin, 1988</taxonomicName>
— SE
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA06A1FFD5F958E1CDFB8CA" box="[675,735,983,1016]" name="Iran" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA06A1FFF89925C1C8DBC07" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA06A1FFF89925C1C8DBC07" blockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA06A1FFF89925C1F72BF10" bold="true" box="[117,370,1029,1058]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 56-67 mm, tail 44-54 mm, ear 15-6-17-7 mm, hindfoot 7-10 mm,forearm 38-47 mm; weight 8-9 g. Females average slightly larger than males. Pelage of Botta’s Serotineis soft and dense. Dorsal pelage is light to dark creamy buff, with grayish beige to rusty brown tinge (hairs are tricolored, with dark bases), ventral pelage is creamy to grayish beige (hairs bicolored, with white tips and pale grayish brown bases). Bare muzzle, ears, and membranes are pale grayish brown to dark brown; wings occasionally have narrow pale hind border. Earsare relatively short and subtriangular, with roundedtips; tragusis ¢.50% the ear length and is the same width from base to tip, with rounded tip. Wings and uropatagium are semi-translucent, and tail protrudes ¢.3-5 mm past uropatagium; postcalcarial lobe is well developed. Baculum is short (0-8-0-9 mm long), flat, stout, and triangular, with rounded corners. Skull is smaller and less heavily ridged than in the Eurasian Serotine (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFBFE93EB1A9DBEE1" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[1026,1181,1458,1491]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serotinus">E. serotinus</taxonomicName>
); rostrum is broad and flattened, with shallow lateral concavities; there is well-marked median groove between orbits; braincase is ovoid, with only faint mastoid projections posterolaterally; forehead is weakly concave; lambdoidal crests are moderately developed; slightly convex supraoccipital just forms most posterior part of skull; sagittal crest is developed posteriorly and absent in some specimens; moderate occipital helmet is formed by sagittal and lambdoidal crests; tympanic bullae are relatively large compared with the Eurasian Serotine; and basioccipital is narrower than in the Eurasian Serotine. I* is large and bicuspid; I” is very small, only barely reaching above cingulum of I*; and lower molars are myotodont.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA06A1FFF8C91641B19BC9F" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA06A1FFF8C91641B19BC9F" blockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA06A1FFF8C91641EDFBC6C" bold="true" box="[112,223,1853,1886]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Habitat.</emphasis>
Arid and semiarid deserts, steppes, and savannas, generally not far from water, from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFA06A1FFD50913C1D1DBCB4" box="[684,797,1893,1926]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
. Botta’s Serotines are also found in farmlands with water, prey, and day roosts and in ruins throughout their distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA06A1FFF9391ED1DB1B2B7" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA06A1FFF9391ED1DB1B2B7" blockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA06A1FFF9391ED1F74BCE7" bold="true" box="[111,372,1972,2005]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Botta’s Serotine forages by slow hawking,flying high aboveground; it is reportedly strong and noisy in flight. In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA06A1FFD0D91821D3EBCCE" box="[753,830,2011,2044]" name="Israel" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Israel</collectingCountry>
, average flight speed was 5-7 m/s in dark areas and 9-3 m/s in streetlamp-lighted areas in the Negev Desert. It fed on insects around an electric light in Kurdistan.It fed mainly on
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFC2D9E731A94B379" box="[977,1172,2090,2123]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFB209E731EDDB340" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA06A1FFEED9E081F5EB340" box="[273,350,2129,2162]" name="Israel" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Israel</collectingCountry>
, but in
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA06A1FFE2E9E081C16B340" box="[466,534,2129,2162]" name="Syria" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Syria</collectingCountry>
, it fed mostly on
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFCEA9E081DB3B340" box="[790,947,2129,2162]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
, followed by Heteroptera and Auchenorrhyncha and very small amounts of
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFCBD9E201DF0B3A8" box="[833,1008,2169,2202]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFBF89E201AA5B3A8" box="[1028,1189,2169,2202]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFB449E201F28B3F3" authority="(Brachycera)" baseAuthorityName="Brachycera" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera (Brachycera)</taxonomicName>
, Mantodea, and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFDDF9EF91CE8B3F3" box="[547,744,2208,2241]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
. Feces in
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA06A1FFC829EF91DB7B3F3" box="[894,951,2208,2241]" name="Iran" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Iran</collectingCountry>
mostly contained
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFB3B9EF91EDEB3DB" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
(Formicoidea; 89% by volume) and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFD039E951A81B3DB" authority="" box="[767,1153,2252,2281]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Scarabaeidae">Coleoptera (Scarabaeidae)</taxonomicName>
. In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA06A1FFB3D9E951B1BB3DB" box="[1217,1307,2252,2281]" name="Oman" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Oman</collectingCountry>
, feces mostly contained
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFE3E9EB61C60B222" box="[450,608,2287,2320]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFD889EB61A14B222" authority="(Formicoidea)" baseAuthorityName="Formicoidea" box="[628,1044,2287,2320]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera (Formicoidea)</taxonomicName>
, and Heteroptera, with smaller amounts of
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFE389F4E1C74B20A" box="[452,628,2327,2360]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
. Diet in
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA06A1FFD189F4E1D48B20A" box="[740,840,2327,2360]" name="Jordan" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Jordan</collectingCountry>
included primarily
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA06A1FFBA29F4E1F37B26D" authority="(Formicoidea)" baseAuthorityName="Formicoidea" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera (Formicoidea)</taxonomicName>
and Heteroptera. These data suggest that Botta’s Serotine feeds largely opportunistically, with preference for beetles in many cases.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA06A1FFF909FD41F34B2E0" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA06A1FFF909FD41F34B2E0" blockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA06A1FFF909FD41EF3B29C" bold="true" box="[108,243,2445,2478]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Breeding.</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA06A1FFEDB9FD41F74B29C" box="[295,372,2445,2478]" name="Israel" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Israel</collectingCountry>
, two pregnant Botta’s Serotines, each with twin embryos, were captured in April.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA06A1FFF969F851DCDB09C" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA06A1FFF969F851DCDB09C" blockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA06A1FFF969F851F58B2CF" bold="true" box="[106,344,2524,2557]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Day roosts of Botta’s Serotines are in crevices in buildings in areas with human habitation but probably crevices in rocks in more natural regions. They begin to forage by dusk in some localities, but in otherareas, they begin to forage after dusk. Search-call shape is FM/QCF sweep. In Alagan-Algtar,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA06A1FFC3F9C0B1A78B141" box="[963,1144,2642,2675]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, recordings had start frequencies of 37-45 kHz and end frequencies of 28-30 kHz. In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA06A1FFB4E9C201B18B1A8" box="[1202,1304,2681,2714]" name="Jordan" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Jordan</collectingCountry>
, start frequencies were 37-9-83 kHz, end frequencies were 27-337 kHz, peak frequencies were 29-6-39-5 kHz, durations were 2-7-9-4 milliseconds, and interpulse intervals were b2-241 milliseconds. In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA06A1FFDEA9CA11C63B023" box="[534,611,2808,2833]" name="Israel" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Israel</collectingCountry>
, start frequencies were 38-51 kHz, end frequencies were 28-8-35 kHz, peak frequencies were 29-2-37.1 kHz, and duration averaged -2 milliseconds. In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA06A1FFE769D661FDAB052" box="[394,474,2879,2912]" name="Egypt" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, start frequencies were 41-55-8 kHz, end frequencies were 28-3-31-4 kHz, peak frequencies were 30-8-36-7 kHz, durations were 6-6—10-3 milliseconds, and interpulse intervals were 122-301 milliseconds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA06A1FFF959DEC1B1BB717" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA06A1FFF959DEC1B1BB717" blockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA06A1FFF959DEC1D3DB0E4" bold="true" box="[105,829,2997,3030]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Botta’s Serotines generally roost groups of ¢.2-3 individuals, but solitary individuals have been observed. Maternity colonies of females and their young are larger and had up to 200 individuals in
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA06A1FFB3A9A5D1B17B717" box="[1222,1303,3076,3109]" name="Egypt" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Egypt</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA06A1FFF959A721A4EB7D8" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA06A1FFF959A721A4EB7D8" blockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA06A1FFF959A721FC8B77E" bold="true" box="[105,456,3115,3148]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. Currently known distribution of Botta’s Serotine is now more restricted than when the species was assessed and is considerably scattered. It appears to be rare throughout much of distribution but is apparently locally common in
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA06A1FFCC69AF81D8BB7F0" box="[826,907,3233,3266]" name="Egypt" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Egypt</collectingCountry>
. No major threats have been identified, but additional research on its ecology and threats is needed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA06A1FFF959AA01B16B6BB" pageId="91" pageNumber="849" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA06A1FFF959AA01B16B6BB" blockId="91.[103,1323,709,3465]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA06A1FFF959AA01EFFB620" bold="true" box="[105,255,3321,3346]" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Bibliography.</emphasis>
ACR (2018), Aloufi et al. (2016), Artyushin, Bannikova etal. (2009), Artyushin, Kruskop et al. (2018), Aulagnier et al. (2008), Benda,
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFA06A1FFE499B781C0DB608" box="[437,525,3361,3386]" country="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" name="Saint Andrew" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Andreas</collectingRegion>
etal. (2006), Benda, Dietz et al. (2008), Benda, Ludan et al. (2010), Feldman et al. (2000), Hackett et al. (2017), Harrison (1968b, 1976), Holderied et al. (2005), Juste et al. (2013), Mayer al. (2007), Nader &amp; Kock (1990), Polak et al. (2011), Shehab et al. (2007),
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFA06A1FFC7B9B291DADB6BB" box="[903,941,3440,3465]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="91" pageNumber="849">Van</collectingRegion>
Cakenberghe &amp; Happold (2013b).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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