261 lines
31 KiB
XML
261 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3E8D96DD692326EF435192D3EB8BF1A1">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2CCA4FE5435C2EAF0A441DF3A6DEF2E9">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="508579F2EBFA0D6DBAC3CB18EDAF0943">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="F6190D4E657F0AFB86F94A1FC31C66EF">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="F2E6BB1DF95AD26D9F573631BB962716">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="EB29DE48F6E649E6F9F5EFA321F4BE37">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="30C6232F369299F71A8C0083328AE1FF">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="B83650E236599B47FDD6942C76B469C0">716</mods:start>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF796AC6FF839CFA18FFBC2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403661" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628415" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403661" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF796AC6FF839CFA18FFBC2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF796AC6FF839CFA18FFBC2F" lastPageNumber="889" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FF839CFA1ED1B1E7" box="[127,209,2723,2773]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FF839CFA1ED1B1E7" blockId="130.[124,1309,2723,2890]" box="[127,209,2723,2773]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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<heading id="9F638192FF796AC6FF839CFA1ED1B1E7" box="[127,209,2723,2773]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF796AC6FF839CFA1ED1B1E7" box="[127,209,2723,2773]" captionStart="Plate 66: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="126.[130,160,3295,3320]" captionTargetBox="[11,2762,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="269. Lesser Asiatic Yellow Bat (Scotophilus kuhlii), 270. Sody’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus collinus), 271. Greater Asiatic Yellow Bat (Scotophilus heathii), 272. Sulawesi Yellow Bat (Scotophilus celebensis), 273. Nut-colored Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nux), 274. Malagasy Yellow Bat (Scotophilus tandrefana), 275. Marovaza Yellow Bat (Scotophilus marovaza), 276. White-bellied Yellow Bat (Scotophilus leucogaster), 277. East African Yellow Bat (Scotophilus altilis), 278. Robust Yellow Bat (Scotophilus robustus), 279. Lesser Yellow Bat (Scotophilus borbonicus), 280. Eastern Greenish Yellow Bat (Scotophilus viridis), 281. Ejeta’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus ejetai), 282. Schreber’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nigrita), 283. Robbins’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nucella), 284. Andrew Rebori’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus andrewreborii), 285. Western Greenish Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nigritellus), 286. Livingstone’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus livingstonii), 287. Trujillo's Yellow Bat (Scotophilus trujilloi), 288. African Yellow Bat (Scotophilus dinganii), 289. Eritrean Yellow Bat (Scotophilus colias), 290. North American Evening Bat (Nycticeius humeralis), 291. Cuban Evening Bat (Nycticeius cubanus), 292. Temminck’s Mysterious Bat (Nycticetus aenobarbus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398541/files/figure.png" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">282.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FF1E9CFA1C9EB1E7" box="[226,670,2723,2773]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FF1E9CFA1C9EB1E7" blockId="130.[124,1309,2723,2890]" box="[226,670,2723,2773]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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<heading id="9F638192FF796AC6FF1E9CFA1C9EB1E7" box="[226,670,2723,2773]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF796AC6FF1E9CFA1C9EB1E7" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[226,670,2723,2773]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">Schreber’s Yellow Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FD2D9CFA1A2EB1E7" box="[721,1070,2723,2773]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FD2D9CFA1A2EB1E7" blockId="130.[124,1309,2723,2890]" box="[721,1070,2723,2773]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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<heading id="9F638192FF796AC6FD2D9CFA1A2EB1E7" box="[721,1070,2723,2773]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6FD2D9CFA1A2EB1E7" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[721,1070,2723,2773]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FD2D9CFA1A2EB1E7" box="[721,1070,2723,2773]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Scotophilus nigrita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FF829CBF1D7EB078" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FF829CBF1A86B1C9" blockId="130.[124,1309,2723,2890]" box="[126,1158,2790,2811]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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<heading id="9F638192FF796AC6FF829CBF1A86B1C9" box="[126,1158,2790,2811]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FF829CBF1EC9B1C9" bold="true" box="[126,201,2790,2811]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF796AC6FF2E9CBF1FBBB1C9" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[210,443,2790,2811]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">Scotophile de Schreber</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FE2C9CBF1C2AB1C9" bold="true" box="[464,554,2790,2811]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF796AC6FDC89CBF1D35B1C9" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[564,821,2790,2811]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">SchreberHausfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FCB59CBF1DA5B1C9" bold="true" box="[841,933,2790,2811]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF796AC6FC529CBF1A86B1C9" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[942,1158,2790,2811]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">Scotofilo de Schreber</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FF819D541D7EB078" blockId="130.[124,1309,2723,2890]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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<heading id="9F638192FF796AC6FF819D541D7EB078" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FF819D541F75B010" bold="true" box="[125,373,2829,2850]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF796AC6FE829D541C23B010" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[382,547,2829,2850]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">Giant House Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF796AC6FDCC9D541D1FB010" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[560,799,2829,2850]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">Giant Brown House Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF796AC6FCD09D541DDEB010" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[812,990,2829,2850]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">Brown House Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF796AC6FC109D541ADCB010" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[1004,1244,2829,2850]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">Great Brown House Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF796AC6FB159D541F2EB078" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">Giant Yellow House Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF796AC6FEC09D6C1FE4B078" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[316,484,2869,2890]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">Great Brown Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF796AC6FE0E9D6C1C98B078" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[498,664,2869,2890]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">Giant Brown Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF796AC6FD599D6C1D7EB078" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[677,894,2869,2890]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">Schreber’s Brown Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FD1F9D2F1D2DB08D" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FD1F9D2F1D2DB08D" blockId="130.[739,1333,2934,3361]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FD1F9D2F1D7EB0A5" bold="true" box="[739,894,2934,2967]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6FC5E9D2F1D29B08D" ID-CoL="8LJ84" authority="Schreber, 1774" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1774" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">Vespertilio nigrita Schreber, 1774</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FCC59DC71DABB08D" box="[825,939,2974,3007]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FCC59DC71DABB08D" blockId="130.[739,1333,2934,3361]" box="[825,939,2974,3007]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF796AC6FCC59DC71DABB08D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319699" box="[825,939,2974,3007]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6FCC59DC71DA8B08D" box="[825,936,2974,3007]" name="Senegal" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FD199D9C1D48B6A8" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FD199D9C1D48B6A8" blockId="130.[739,1333,2934,3361]" lastBlockId="130.[126,1331,3369,3482]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6FD199D9C1DD1B0D4" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[741,977,3013,3046]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">Scotophilus nigrita</taxonomicName>
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was mostly referred to as S. gigas until in 1978 when it was concluded that it is the senior name for the taxon; prior to 1978, specimens called
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6FB239A621B33B76E" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[1247,1331,3131,3164]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">nigrita</taxonomicName>
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should be
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6FC879A3A1DE9B7B6" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[891,1001,3171,3204]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dinganii">dinganii</taxonomicName>
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. Based on cytochromeb analyses, S.
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6FC4A9AD31A0BB799" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[950,1035,3210,3243]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">nigrita</taxonomicName>
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is paraphyletic with respect to S. colias, S. dinganui, S.
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6FB299AEB1D0BB7C8" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigritellus">nigritellus</taxonomicName>
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, and S.
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6FC7C9A801DD0B7C8" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[896,976,3289,3322]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">viridis</taxonomicName>
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. Populations of S.
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6FB239A801B34B7C8" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[1247,1332,3289,3322]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">nigrita</taxonomicName>
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from West and southern Africa differ genetically by 7-6-8-1%), suggesting that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6FD549B701CFDB678" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[680,765,3369,3402]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">nigrita</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be distinct from alvenslebeni, but more extensive genetic sampling and morphological analyses are needed to take any taxonomic conclusion. Two subspecies recognized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FA88977B1778BAED" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="90EB6676FF796AC6FA88977B1778BAED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398410/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" targetBox="[124,716,2943,3358]" targetPageId="130">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FA88977B164DBAA3" blockId="130.[1395,2606,290,1824]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FA88977B1904BA71" bold="true" box="[1396,1796,290,323]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6FA8A9709164DBAA3" authority="Schreber, 1774" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1774" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nigrita" subSpecies="nigrita">S.n.nigritaSchreber,1774—savannasofWAfrica(Senegal,IvoryCoast,Ghana,NTogo,SENigeria,andNCameroon)andSCSudan.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FA8A97CE1778BAED" blockId="130.[1395,2606,290,1824]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6FA8A97CE192BBA8A" authority="Dalquest, 1965" authorityName="Dalquest" authorityYear="1965" box="[1398,1835,407,440]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nigrita" subSpecies="alvenslebeni">S. n. alvenslebeni Dalquest, 1965</taxonomicName>
|
||
— savannas of E & SE Africa (E
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6F70F97CE178ABA8A" box="[2291,2442,407,440]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, SE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6F63697CE1422BA8A" box="[2506,2594,407,440]" name="Kenya" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, NE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6FA55979B1829BAED" box="[1449,1577,450,479]" name="Tanzania" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, S
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6F9AF979B18B6BAED" box="[1619,1718,450,479]" name="Malawi" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, E
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6F91F979B1975BAED" box="[1763,1909,450,479]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6F879979B163FBAED" box="[1925,2111,450,479]" name="Mozambique" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and NE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6F73F979B1775BAED" box="[2243,2421,450,479]" name="South Africa" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FA8897BC172FB88A" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FA8897BC172FB88A" blockId="130.[1395,2606,290,1824]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FA8897BC186EB934" bold="true" box="[1396,1646,485,518]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF796AC6F8C097BC19F0B934" box="[1852,2032,485,518]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" metricValueMax="1.23" metricValueMin="1.03" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" unit="mm" value="113.0" valueMax="123.0" valueMin="103.0">103-123 mm</quantity>
|
||
,tail 64-92-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF796AC6F76797BC16EFB934" box="[2203,2287,485,518]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF796AC6F6C497BC17CDB934" box="[2360,2509,485,518]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="20.0">20-24 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF796AC6FA4B94481849B91C" box="[1463,1609,529,558]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="17.0">17-19 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF796AC6F92F94481964B91C" box="[1747,1892,529,558]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.05" metricValueMax="8.3" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" unit="mm" value="80.5" valueMax="83.0" valueMin="78.0">78-83 mm</quantity>
|
||
(males) and
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF796AC6F7E3944816B1B91C" box="[2079,2225,529,558]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" unit="mm" value="84.0" valueMax="88.0" valueMin="80.0">80-88 mm</quantity>
|
||
(females); weight
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF796AC6F64994481423B91C" box="[2485,2595,529,558]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.95" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="8.8" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" unit="g" value="89.5" valueMax="91.0" valueMin="88.0">88-91 g</quantity>
|
||
. Female forearm lengths are usually longer than in males. Schreber’s Yellow Bat is much larger than any other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6F84F94021640B94E" box="[1971,2112,603,636]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotophilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is the largest African vespertilionid. Mid-dorsal hairs are
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF796AC6F8E494DA198EB996" box="[1816,1934,643,676]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6-7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsal pelage is blackish brown, sepia-brown, greenish brown, rusty brown, or grayish brown suffused with yellow; dorsal hairs are unicolored. Ventral pelage is pale yellow to pale yellowish gray. Wings and uropatagium are blackish brown. Ears are comparatively short, separated, and blackish brown, with inner margin strongly convex and lobe at base and outer margin fairly straight with semicircular fleshy antitragus. Tragus has rounded tip and concave anterior margin. Skull is large (greatest skull lengths 27-8-32-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF796AC6F7C49536168BB8A2" box="[2104,2187,879,912]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6F72695361767B8A2" box="[2266,2407,879,912]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotophilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has welldeveloped sagittal crest and helmet. Canines are particularly strong.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FA8995E71662BF4F" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FA8995E71662BF4F" blockId="130.[1395,2606,290,1824]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FA8995E71BE5B8ED" bold="true" box="[1397,1509,958,991]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Relatively dry woodland savannas and miombo woodland savannas, usually close to rivers and riverine forests. There is one record each from dry semideciduous forest in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6FA0E924C1850BF1C" box="[1522,1616,1045,1070]" name="Ghana" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, woodland and riverine forest mosaic in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6F776924C170ABF1C" box="[2186,2314,1045,1070]" name="Tanzania" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and rainforest zone in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6FA61926D1807BF67" box="[1437,1543,1076,1109]" name="Nigeria" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
. One individual was mist-netted over an almost dry river in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6F69E926D17ABBF67" box="[2402,2475,1076,1109]" name="Togo" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the individual from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6F9A5920518D8BF4F" box="[1625,1752,1116,1149]" name="Tanzania" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
was mist-netted over a pool.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FA8A92DA180FBE2E" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FA8A92DA180FBE2E" blockId="130.[1395,2606,290,1824]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FA8A92DA1886BF96" bold="true" box="[1398,1670,1155,1188]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Schreber’s Yellow Bats probably forage high aboveground. Occlusal cusp pattern of molar teeth suggests that they are strictly carnivorous, but other teeth characters suggest that their function is to crush rather than to slice, suggesting insectivory.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FA8A937B18ECBE71" box="[1398,1772,1314,1347]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FA8A937B18ECBE71" blockId="130.[1395,2606,290,1824]" box="[1398,1772,1314,1347]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FA8A937B1BFDBE71" bold="true" box="[1398,1533,1314,1347]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FA89931019E9BD02" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FA89931019E9BD02" blockId="130.[1395,2606,290,1824]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FA8993101863BE58" bold="true" box="[1397,1635,1353,1386]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Schreber’s Yellow Bat was found roosting under a corrugated iron roof where midday temperatures exceeded 40°C in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6F7A7932916B5BEA3" box="[2139,2229,1392,1425]" name="Sudan" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in a hollow of a dead
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6F60393291882BE8B" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Hyphaene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hyphaene (Arecaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
palm in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6F8F193C11970BE8B" box="[1805,1904,1432,1465]" name="Malawi" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and in a house in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF796AC6F77393C11722BE8B" box="[2191,2338,1432,1465]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Echolocation call has peak frequency of 32-9 kHz. African goshawks (Accipiter tachiro) prey on Schreber’s Yellow Bat and possible lannerfalcons (Falco biarmicus), peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), and bat hawks (Macheiramphus alcinus).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FA8B906F185CBD95" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FA8B906F185CBD95" blockId="130.[1395,2606,290,1824]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FA8B906F1640BD65" bold="true" box="[1399,2112,1590,1623]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Ectoparasites include the bedbug
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6FA8690041BFABD4C" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1873" box="[1402,1530,1629,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cacodmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cacodmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
villosus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6F97E9004191EBD4C" box="[1666,1822,1629,1662]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6F8C9900419C4BD4C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1845,1988,1629,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cimicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the mite Spinturnix scotophili (Acari,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF796AC6FA8490D3184FBD95" box="[1400,1615,1674,1703]" class="Arachnida" family="Spinturnicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Spinturnicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FA8B90F51792BDFF" box="[1399,2450,1708,1741]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FA8B90F51792BDFF" blockId="130.[1395,2606,290,1824]" box="[1399,2450,1708,1741]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FA8B90F518D4BDFF" bold="true" box="[1399,1748,1708,1741]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF796AC6FA84908518FFBC2F" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF796AC6FA84908518FFBC2F" blockId="130.[1395,2606,290,1824]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF796AC6FA8490851811BDC7" bold="true" box="[1400,1553,1756,1781]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Freeman (1984), Happold, M. (2013bj), Kock (1969d), Mikula et al. (2016), Robbins (1978), Thiagavel et al. (2017), Vallo etal. (2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |