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<document id="8061A6FBACFBBA48ACC5727D3B0ECBE0" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF5E6AE1FF8F93911955BDF3" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis californicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="927" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="927" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="85580662BE981C9F6B712D3482F8AB79" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="BD20F7A73A010552BA833DDE3F1C9FEC">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DCC3876D9D36DA41B4383A2B5D2975E5">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3B19ECD996DF324DBEDF5E884649A0E8">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="E622A534415A57B77815459821AF1F93">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="C17CCC2D87A0C896F2B9CC09DC524A77">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="B15622252AF9316120391F99ADD182F7">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF5E6AE1FF8F93911955BDF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577856" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577856" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF5E6AE1FF8F93911955BDF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF5E6AE1FF8F93911955BDF3" lastPageNumber="927" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FF8F93911EC4BEC8" box="[115,196,1480,1530]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FF8F93911EC4BEC8" blockId="165.[112,1052,1480,1609]" box="[115,196,1480,1530]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<heading id="9F638192FF5E6AE1FF8F93911EC4BEC8" box="[115,196,1480,1530]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF5E6AE1FF8F93911EC4BEC8" box="[115,196,1480,1530]" captionStart="Plate 70: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="161.[127,157,3239,3264]" captionTargetBox="[10,2760,19,3657]" captionTargetPageId="160" captionText="366. Disk-footed Bat (Eudiscopus denticulus), 367. Taiwan Broad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon latirostris), 368. HimalayanBroad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon caliginosus), 369. Moupin Broad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon moupinensis), 370. Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), 371. South-western Myotis (Myotis auriculus), 372. Western Small-footed Myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum), 373. Dark-nosed Small-footed Myotis (Myotis melanorhinus), 374. Eastern Small-footed Myotis (Myotis leibii), 375. California Myotis (Myotis californicus), 376. Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus), 377. Keen’s Myotis (Myotis keenii), 378. Long-eared Myotis (Myotis evotis), 379. Fringed Myotis (Myotis thysanodes), 380. Arizona Myotis (Myotis occultus), 381. Long-legged Myotis (Myotis volans), 382. Flat-headed Myotis (Myotis planiceps), 383. Indiana Myotis (Myotis sodalis), 384. Cinnamon Myotis (Myotis fortidens), 385. Findley’s Myotis (Myotis findleyi), 386. Northern Hairy-legged Myotis (Myotis pilosatibialis), 387. Southern Hairy-legged Myotis (Myotis keaysi), 388. Red Myotis (Myotis ruber), 389. Riparian Myotis (Myotis riparius), 390. Velvety Myotis (Myotis simus), 391. Golden Myous (Myotis midastactus), 392. Elegant Myotis (Myotis elegans), 393. Fish-eating Myotis (Myotis vivesi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398940/files/figure.png" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">375.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FF2A93911C39BEC8" box="[214,569,1480,1530]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FF2A93911C39BEC8" blockId="165.[112,1052,1480,1609]" box="[214,569,1480,1530]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<heading id="9F638192FF5E6AE1FF2A93911C39BEC8" box="[214,569,1480,1530]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF5E6AE1FF2A93911C39BEC8" ID-CoL="8M23T" baseAuthorityName="Audubon &amp; Bachman" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[214,569,1480,1530]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FF2A93911FA6BEC8" box="[214,422,1480,1530]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">California</collectingRegion>
Myotis
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FD9193911DD0BEC8" box="[621,976,1480,1530]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FD9193911DD0BEC8" blockId="165.[112,1052,1480,1609]" box="[621,976,1480,1530]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<heading id="9F638192FF5E6AE1FD9193911DD0BEC8" box="[621,976,1480,1530]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FD9193911DD0BEC8" ID-CoL="8M23T" baseAuthorityName="Audubon &amp; Bachman" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[621,976,1480,1530]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FD9193911DD0BEC8" box="[621,976,1480,1530]" italics="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Myotis californicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FF8E90551C25BD7A" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FF8E90551A1BBD13" blockId="165.[112,1052,1480,1609]" box="[114,1051,1548,1569]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<heading id="9F638192FF5E6AE1FF8E90551A1BBD13" box="[114,1051,1548,1569]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FF8E90551EBDBD13" bold="true" box="[114,189,1548,1569]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF5E6AE1FF3B90551F84BD13" ID-CoL="8M23T" baseAuthorityName="Audubon &amp; Bachman" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[199,388,1548,1569]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">
Murin de
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FED490551F84BD13" box="[296,388,1548,1569]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Californie</collectingRegion>
</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FE6590551FF4BD13" bold="true" box="[409,500,1548,1569]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF5E6AE1FE0290551CC6BD13" ID-CoL="8M23T" baseAuthorityName="Audubon &amp; Bachman" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[510,710,1548,1569]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">Kalifornien-Mausohr</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FD2690551D35BD13" bold="true" box="[730,821,1548,1569]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF5E6AE1FCC390551A1BBD13" ID-CoL="8M23T" baseAuthorityName="Audubon &amp; Bachman" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[831,1051,1548,1569]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">
Ratonero de
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FC3D90551A1BBD13" box="[961,1051,1548,1569]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">California</collectingRegion>
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FF8D906A1C25BD7A" blockId="165.[112,1052,1480,1609]" box="[113,549,1587,1608]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<heading id="9F638192FF5E6AE1FF8D906A1C25BD7A" box="[113,549,1587,1608]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FF8D906A1F68BD7A" bold="true" box="[113,360,1587,1608]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF5E6AE1FE8E906A1C25BD7A" ID-CoL="8M23T" baseAuthorityName="Audubon &amp; Bachman" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[370,549,1587,1608]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">Californian Myotis</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FD2B902E1DD8BD8D" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FD2B902E1DD8BD8D" blockId="165.[727,1318,1655,2082]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FD2B902E1D72BDAA" bold="true" box="[727,882,1655,1688]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FC7E902E1DD3BD8D" ID-CoL="68c23c93-cc1c-49b8-b5ca-8cbceac38f06" authority="Audubon &amp; Bachman, 1842" authorityName="Audubon &amp; Bachman" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">Vespertilio californicus Audubon &amp; Bachman, 1842</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FC1890FF1AE0BD8D" box="[996,1248,1702,1727]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FC1890FF1AE0BD8D" blockId="165.[727,1318,1655,2082]" box="[996,1248,1702,1727]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF5E6AE1FC1890FF1AE0BD8D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319555" box="[996,1248,1702,1727]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
“
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FC1390FF1A80BD8D" box="[1007,1152,1702,1727]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">California</collectingRegion>
,”
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF5E6AE1FB6790FF1ADCBD8D" box="[1179,1244,1702,1727]" name="United States of America" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FD2B90931A60BC9E" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FD2B90931A60BC9E" blockId="165.[727,1318,1655,2082]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FC9690931A54BDD5" baseAuthorityName="Le Conte" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[874,1108,1738,1767]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifugus">Pyzonix; lucifugus</taxonomicName>
species group.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FD2490AF1DC7BC3D" baseAuthorityName="Audubon &amp; Bachman" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[728,967,1782,1807]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">Myotis californicus</taxonomicName>
is close to
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FB9D90AF1B1FBC3D" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1886" box="[1121,1311,1782,1807]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ciliolabrum">M. ciliolabrum</taxonomicName>
, M. melanorhunus, and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FBF1914C1A7BBC04" baseAuthorityName="Audubon &amp; Bachman" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1037,1147,1813,1846]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leibii">M. leibii</taxonomicName>
. Subspecies are poorly delimited and might not persist after assessment with modern techniques. Four subspecies recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FD2B91EF1D34B2B7" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FF5E6AE1FD2B91EF1D34B2B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398654" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398654/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" targetBox="[111,703,1656,2071]" targetPageId="165">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FD2B91EF1A67BCE1" blockId="165.[727,1318,1655,2082]" box="[727,1127,1974,2003]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FD2B91EF1A67BCE1" bold="true" box="[727,1127,1974,2003]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FD2B91831FD7B3A5" blockId="165.[727,1318,1655,2082]" lastBlockId="165.[110,1318,2088,3463]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FD2B91831FD7B3A5" authority="Audubon &amp; Bachman, 1842" authorityName="Audubon &amp; Bachman" authorityYear="1842" baseAuthorityName="Audubon &amp; Bachman" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="californicus" subSpecies="californicus">M.c.californicusAudubon&amp;Bachman,1842—SWCanada(SEBritishColumbia),WUSA(EWashington,EOregon,Idaho,W&amp;NCMontana,NEUtah,NE,C&amp;SWCalifornia,EArizona,NewMexico,andWandarecordfromNTexas),andNMexicoincludingBajaCalifornia.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FF8D9EFE1F8DB23C" blockId="165.[110,1318,2088,3463]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FF8D9EFE1F8DB23C" authority="G. S. Miller, 1897" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="californicus" subSpecies="caurinus">M.c.caurinusG.S.Miller,1897—SWCanada(SWBritishColumbia,includingHaidaGwaiiandVancouverI)andNWUSA(extremeSWAlaska,WWashington,WOregon,andNWCalifornia).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FF8D9F401A20B204" blockId="165.[110,1318,2088,3463]" box="[113,1056,2329,2358]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FF8D9F401A20B204" authority="Saussure, 1860" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1860" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[113,1056,2329,2358]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="californicus" subSpecies="mexicanus">M.c.mexicanusSaussure,1860—CtoSWMexicoandCGuatemala.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FF8D9F1C1D34B2B7" blockId="165.[110,1318,2088,3463]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FF8D9F1C1C04B26C" authority="Dalquest, 1946" authorityName="Dalquest" authorityYear="1946" box="[113,516,2373,2398]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="californicus" subSpecies="stephensi">M. c. stephensi Dalquest, 1946</taxonomicName>
— SW
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF5E6AE1FDA29F1C1C9EB26C" box="[606,670,2373,2398]" name="United States of America" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FD4F9F1C1D1EB26C" box="[691,798,2373,2398]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Nevada</collectingRegion>
, SE
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FCA19F1C1DEBB26C" box="[861,1003,2373,2398]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">California</collectingRegion>
, S &amp; E
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FBAE9F1C1A99B26C" box="[1106,1177,2373,2398]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Utah</collectingRegion>
, SW
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FB1C9F1C1EBAB2B7" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
, W
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FF0C9F351F75B2B7" box="[240,373,2412,2437]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Colorado</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FE3F9F351C33B2B7" box="[451,563,2412,2437]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Arizona</collectingRegion>
) and NW Mexico.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FF939FD21C84B06C" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FF939FD21C84B06C" blockId="165.[110,1318,2088,3463]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FF939FD21F70B29E" bold="true" box="[111,368,2443,2476]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF5E6AE1FDCB9FD21CD2B29E" box="[567,722,2443,2476]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" unit="mm" value="43.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="38.0">38-48 mm</quantity>
, tail
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF5E6AE1FCDB9FD21DC3B29E" box="[807,963,2443,2476]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" unit="mm" value="38.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="32.0">32-45 mm</quantity>
, hindfoot
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF5E6AE1FB9B9FD21AE1B29E" box="[1127,1249,2443,2476]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5-7 mm</quantity>
, ear
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF5E6AE1FF8E9FEA1F07B2E6" box="[114,263,2483,2516]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="11.0">11-15 mm</quantity>
, forearm
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF5E6AE1FE699FEA1C2BB2E6" box="[405,555,2483,2516]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" unit="mm" value="33.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="31.0">31-35 mm</quantity>
; weight 3-3-5-
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF5E6AE1FD0B9FEA1D28B2E6" box="[759,808,2483,2516]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" unit="g" value="4.0">4 g</quantity>
. Fur of the
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FC2F9FEA1A5FB2E6" box="[979,1119,2483,2516]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">California</collectingRegion>
Myotisis dull rather than glossy. Dorsal pelage varies by region, ranging from pale yellow in southwestern deserts to dark chestnut-brown in Pacific
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FCD29C5B1DBFB111" box="[814,959,2562,2595]" country="Botswana" name="North West" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Northwest</collectingRegion>
(hairs always with darker bases); venter is paler. Face, ears, and membranes are blackish, being paler at bases of ears and around eyes. Ears are medium-sized; tragus is narrow and pointed. Tail extends no more than
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF5E6AE1FE3F9C211C34B1AB" box="[451,564,2680,2713]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 mm</quantity>
past uropatagium, which is haired below knees but lacks fringe at posterior margin. Feet are very small; calcar is keeled. Skull has short rostrum, low coronoid processes, and small sagittal and lambdoidal crests.
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FB649C961B24B1DA" box="[1176,1316,2767,2792]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">California</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FF8C9CB71ECAB03D" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[112,202,2798,2831]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from the Western Small-footed
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FC439CB71A19B03D" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[959,1049,2798,2831]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FBCC9CB71AEFB03D" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1886" box="[1072,1263,2798,2831]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ciliolabrum">M. ciliolabrum</taxonomicName>
) by its more rounded skull, narrower rostrum, and lower coronoid process. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 50.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FF939D341C76B0E7" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FF939D341C76B0E7" blockId="165.[110,1318,2088,3463]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FF939D341EDEB0B4" bold="true" box="[111,222,2925,2950]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Habitat.</emphasis>
Riparian woodlands, semiarid deserts and desert scrub, south-western arid grasslands, temperate forests (Pacific Northwest), and humid coastal forests and montane forests (California and
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF5E6AE1FE009DE11C6AB0E7" box="[508,618,3000,3029]" name="Mexico" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Mexico</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FF929D821D8EB6B5" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FF929D821D8EB6B5" blockId="165.[110,1318,2088,3463]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FF929D821F89B0CE" bold="true" box="[110,393,3035,3068]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FE619D821C2FB0CE" box="[413,559,3035,3068]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">California</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FDC39D821C9BB0CE" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[575,667,3035,3068]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
hunt by aerial hawking and are generally slow fliers that frequently change direction in pursuit of prey. Diet is composed primarily of
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FED39A731F9DB779" box="[303,413,3114,3147]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FE0E9A731CA9B779" box="[498,681,3114,3147]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
, with smaller amounts of
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FBC09A731ADEB779" box="[1084,1246,3114,3147]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FF8C9A031F10B741" box="[112,272,3162,3187]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
, based fecal and stomach samples in
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FCC09A031DAFB741" box="[828,943,3162,3187]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Oregon</collectingRegion>
. Feces contained primarily Trichoptera and some
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FE0F9A201C95B7A8" box="[499,661,3193,3226]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FD319A201DC9B7A8" box="[717,969,3193,3226]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
and primarily
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FB519A201B1DB7A8" box="[1197,1309,3193,3226]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FF939AF81F26B7F0" box="[111,294,3233,3266]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FEC19AF81FE9B7F0" box="[317,489,3233,3266]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FDBA9AF81D10B7F0" box="[582,784,3233,3266]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
on Vancouver Island. They forage mostly in forest and canopy edges, above water, and well aboveground in open areas. Where sympatric with the Western Small-footed
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FC539AA91A0FB623" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[943,1039,3312,3345]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FBD99AA91AB7B623" box="[1061,1207,3312,3345]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">California</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FB3A9AA91B22B623" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1222,1314,3312,3345]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
forage over or near water rather than rocky bluffs, avoiding competition. Foraging generally occurs higher than
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF5E6AE1FDD29B1A1C64B652" box="[558,612,3395,3424]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
aboveground or water’s surface. They are less likely to forage when there are strong and gusty winds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FA93974A1991B912" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FA93974A1991B912" blockId="165.[1388,2599,275,1730]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FA93974A1BF5BA06" bold="true" box="[1391,1525,275,308]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Breeding.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1F9F9974A1891BA06" box="[1541,1681,275,308]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">California</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1F963974A18F9BA06" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1695,1785,275,308]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
breed in late autumn in much of the northern part of the distribution where they hibernate, but they breed in early spring in
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1F66B97621423BA6E" box="[2455,2595,315,348]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">California</collectingRegion>
and southern parts of the distribution. In northern regions, females store sperm over winter until ovulation and fertilization in spring. Females gather into maternity colonies in narrowcrevices in spring and summer to give birth and raise a single young. Females were pregnant in late April and early May in south-western
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1F6C4978117C6BACB" box="[2360,2502,472,505]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">California</collectingRegion>
. Maximum reproductive life span is 15 years.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FA91947E1807BFA4" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FA91947E1807BFA4" blockId="165.[1388,2599,275,1730]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FA91947E185CB97A" bold="true" box="[1389,1628,551,584]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1F991947E18F9B97A" box="[1645,1785,551,584]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">California</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1F8FA947E1960B97A" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1798,1888,551,584]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
roost primarily in narrow crevices on rocky hillsides, under bark, or in buildings and other man-made structures, but they can also be found in small desert shrubs and rock outcrops and on the ground. Depending on ambient temperatures at night, they have a bimodal or unimodal foraging pattern. At less than 15°C, they have a unimodal activity, with foraging times of 4-5 hours in the early night. At greater than 15°C, they have bimodal activity, foraging just after sunset and just before sunrise. They can foraging in temperatures as low as —8°C. In
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FA9395631863B869" box="[1391,1635,826,859]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
, peak activity periods were 22:00-23:00 h and 01:00-02:00 h. Average minimum body temperature at which flight occurs is 26-3°C (range 22-4-29-6°C). Body weight is maximum weight in January and declines progressively until August. In autumn, storage of brown fat increases rapidly for winter. They remain active in winter but only for short periods before returning to hibernation. Calls are steep FM sweeps, with average start frequency of 68-3 kHz for males and 77 kHz for females, end frequency of 45-7 kHz for males and 51 kHz for females, peak frequency of 49-9 kHz for both sexes, and duration of 3 milliseconds for males and 2-1 milliseconds for females in
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1FA6D92201803BFA4" box="[1425,1539,1145,1174]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Arizona</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FA9292C416E1BE06" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FA9292C416E1BE06" blockId="165.[1388,2599,275,1730]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FA9292C4162ABF8C" bold="true" box="[1390,2090,1181,1214]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1F7CA92C416C2BF8C" box="[2102,2242,1181,1214]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">California</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1F73792C41725BF8C" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2251,2341,1181,1214]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
roosts alone or in small groups, and females form small maternity colonies during reproductive season. They do not appear to be territorial and have been observed hunting in groups. They switch roosts often but apparently rarely return to a used roost.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FA92936519BBBE99" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FA92936519BBBE99" blockId="165.[1388,2599,275,1730]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FA92936518CDBE6F" bold="true" box="[1390,1741,1340,1373]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1F61993651BC2BEB6" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">California</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF5E6AE1FA2D933A182BBEB6" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1489,1579,1379,1412]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
is widespread and common throughout much of its distribution and does not appear to face any major threats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF5E6AE1FA9293E21955BDF3" pageId="165" pageNumber="927" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF5E6AE1FA9293E21955BDF3" blockId="165.[1388,2599,275,1730]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF5E6AE1FA9293E21807BEE6" bold="true" box="[1390,1543,1467,1492]" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Ammerman et al. (2016), Arroyo-Cabrales &amp; Perez (2017), Baker &amp; Patton (1967), Barclay &amp; Brigham (2001), Bogan (1974), Brigham, Vonhof et al. (1997),
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF5E6AE1F7D693BA16ADBECE" box="[2090,2221,1507,1532]" country="Algeria" name="Constantine" pageId="165" pageNumber="927">Constantine</collectingRegion>
(1998), Duke et al. (1979), Falxa (2007), Fenton &amp; Bell (1979), Fenton, Merriam &amp; Holroyd (1983), Fenton, van Zyll de Jong et al. (1980), Findley (1972), Gannon et al. (2001), Kellner &amp; Harestad (2005), Krutzsch (1954), O'Farrell &amp; Bradley (1970), O'Farrell &amp; Schreiweis (1978), O'Farrell et al. (1967), Platt et al. (2018), Reeder (1949), Rodriguez &amp; Ammerman (2004), Simpson (1993), Stadelmann et al. (2007), Straney et al. (1976), Studier et al. (1977), Whitaker et al. (1981), Woodsworth (1981), van Zyll de Jong (1984).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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