266 lines
32 KiB
XML
266 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FB76BFCC44CA8672EDDD6902D83F5558">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="8F5EDC5D80AEE0FFE7DACA59C1632CDC">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="84D68C8A968CB419C0E578E0DCEE28D0">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="27D935E4670A566D8F315D975581B6BF">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF236A9CFA50955A1760B6B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577311" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577311" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF236A9CFA50955A1760B6B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF236A9CFA50955A1760B6B4" lastPageNumber="978" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
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<heading id="9F638192FF236A9CFA50955A1BFFB803" box="[1452,1535,771,817]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF236A9CFA50955A1BFFB803" box="[1452,1535,771,817]" captionStart="Plate 74: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="211.[124,154,3336,3357]" captionTargetBox="[12,2762,19,3661]" captionTargetPageId="210" captionText="475. Russian Myotis (Myotis petax), 476. Big-footed Myotis (Myotis macrodactylus), 477. Fringed Long-footed Myotis (Myotis fimbriatus), 478. Ricketts Big-footed Myotis (Myotis pilosus), 479. Mandelli’s Myotis (Myotis sicarius), 480. Bechstein’s Myotis (Myotis bechsteinii), 481. Long-tailed Myotis (Myotis longicaudatus), 482. Daubenton’s Myotis (Myotis daubentonii), 483. Reddish Myotis (Myotis soror), 484. Fraternal Myotis (Myotis frater), 485. Bokhara Myotis (Myotis bucharensis), 486. Lesser Myotis (Myotis blythii), 487. Greater Myotis (Myotis myotis), 488. Maghreb Myotis (Myotis punicus), 489. Natterer’s Myotis (Myotis nattereri), 490. Cryptic Myotis (Myotis crypticus), 491. Schaub’s Myotis (Myotis schaubi), 492. Escalera’s Myotis (Myotis escalerar), 493. Zenati Myotis (Myotis zenatius), 494. Peking Myotis (Myotis pequinius), 495. Far Eastern Myotis (Myotis bombinus), 496. Large Myotis (Myotis chinensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399025/files/figure.png" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">488.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF236A9CF9EC955A1961B803" box="[1552,1889,771,817]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF236A9CF9EC955A1961B803" blockId="216.[1450,2370,771,900]" box="[1552,1889,771,817]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
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<heading id="9F638192FF236A9CF9EC955A1961B803" box="[1552,1889,771,817]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF236A9CF9EC955A1961B803" ID-CoL="8LZK4" authority="Felten, 1977" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1977" box="[1552,1889,771,817]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punicus">Maghreb Myotis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF236A9CF869955A16B5B803" box="[1941,2229,771,817]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF236A9CF869955A16B5B803" blockId="216.[1450,2370,771,900]" box="[1941,2229,771,817]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
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<heading id="9F638192FF236A9CF869955A16B5B803" box="[1941,2229,771,817]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF869955A16B5B803" ID-CoL="8LZK4" authority="Felten, 1977" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1977" box="[1941,2229,771,817]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punicus">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CF869955A16B5B803" box="[1941,2229,771,817]" italics="true" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Myotis punicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF236A9CFA50951A1730B8B2" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF236A9CFA50951A1742B86A" blockId="216.[1450,2370,771,900]" box="[1452,2370,835,856]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
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<heading id="9F638192FF236A9CFA50951A1742B86A" box="[1452,2370,835,856]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CFA50951A1BF8B86A" bold="true" box="[1452,1528,835,856]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF236A9CF9FD951A18BCB86A" ID-CoL="8LZK4" authority="Felten, 1977" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1977" box="[1537,1724,835,856]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punicus">Murin du Maghreb</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CF92C951A192BB86A" bold="true" box="[1744,1835,835,856]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF236A9CF8C9951A19FAB86A" ID-CoL="8LZK4" authority="Felten, 1977" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1977" box="[1845,2042,835,856]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punicus">Punisches Mausohr</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CF7F2951A1669B86A" bold="true" box="[2062,2153,835,856]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF236A9CF78F951A1742B86A" ID-CoL="8LZK4" authority="Felten, 1977" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1977" box="[2163,2370,835,856]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punicus">Ratonero de Magreb</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF236A9CFA5795321730B8B2" blockId="216.[1450,2370,771,900]" box="[1451,2352,875,896]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
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<heading id="9F638192FF236A9CFA5795321730B8B2" box="[1451,2352,875,896]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CFA57953218A3B8B2" bold="true" box="[1451,1699,875,896]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF236A9CF95195321944B8B2" ID-CoL="8LZK4" authority="Felten, 1977" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1977" box="[1709,1860,875,896]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punicus">Felten's Myotis</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF236A9CF8AE95321661B8B2" ID-CoL="8LZK4" authority="Felten, 1977" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1977" box="[1874,2145,875,896]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punicus">Maghreb Mouse-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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||
,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF236A9CF79395321730B8B2" ID-CoL="8LZK4" authority="Felten, 1977" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1977" box="[2159,2352,875,896]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punicus">Maghrebian Myotis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF236A9CF7EC95F5173CB8C7" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF236A9CF7EC95F5173CB8C7" blockId="216.[2064,2659,940,1367]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CF7EC95F516ACB8FF" bold="true" box="[2064,2220,940,973]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF73895F51460B8FF" ID-CoL="8LZK4" authority="Felten, 1977" authorityName="Felten" box="[2244,2656,940,973]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="blythii" subSpecies="punicus">Myotis blythit punicus Felten</taxonomicName>
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in
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<treatmentCitation id="453510EFFF236A9CF7C595811737B8C7" box="[2105,2359,984,1013]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Felten et al, 1977</treatmentCitation>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF236A9CF6B7958117E8BF76" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF236A9CF6B7958117E8BF76" blockId="216.[2064,2659,940,1367]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF236A9CF6B7958117E8BF76" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319589" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
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“Hohle [= Cave] El Haouaria, Cap [= Cape] Bon,
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[=
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],” north-central Africa.
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF236A9CF7EE921316AFBFA1" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" type="discussion">
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Subgenus
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;
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF6D492131775BF59" authorityName="Borkhausen" authorityYear="1797" box="[2344,2421,1098,1131]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myotis">myotis</taxonomicName>
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species group.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CF7ED92C416C2BF88" bold="true" box="[2065,2242,1181,1210]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Distribution.</emphasis>
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W Mediterranean Is (Sardinia,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF236A9CF7C1929D16A6BFD3" box="[2109,2214,1220,1249]" name="France" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Corsica</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF236A9CF74B929D1707BFD3" box="[2231,2311,1220,1249]" name="Malta" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Malta</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF236A9CF6E4929D1763BFD3" box="[2328,2403,1220,1249]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Gozo</collectingRegion>
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, Pantelleria), NW
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF236A9CF7EE92A91691BE3B" box="[2066,2193,1264,1289]" name="Morocco" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF236A9CF75C92A91708BE3B" box="[2208,2312,1264,1289]" name="Algeria" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF236A9CF6EB92A9177FBE3B" box="[2327,2431,1264,1289]" name="Tunisia" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF236A9CF63192A9141BBE3B" box="[2509,2587,1264,1289]" name="Libya" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Libya</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CF7EE934D170BBE03" bold="true" box="[2066,2315,1300,1329]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body
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, ear 26-
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; weight
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF236A9CF9EF9306187DBEB2" box="[1555,1661,1375,1408]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" unit="g" value="22.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="19.0">19-25 g</quantity>
|
||
. The Maghreb Myotisis a cryptic species with the Greater
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF661930617F6BEB2" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2461,2550,1375,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF5F793061BD9BE95" authorityName="Borkhausen" authorityYear="1797" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="981" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myotis">M. myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the Lesser
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF92993DF192EBE95" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1749,1838,1414,1447]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF8B693DF19D1BE95" authorityName="Tomes" authorityYear="1857" box="[1866,2001,1414,1447]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blythii">M. blythii</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Dorsal fur is fluffy and dark brown or gray, contrasting with whitish or pale brown venter. Wings are inserted at base oftoes; wingspans are
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF236A9CF9C5938C18EFBEC4" box="[1593,1775,1493,1526]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" unit="mm" value="380.0" valueMax="410.0" valueMin="350.0">350-410 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Ears are very long, and together with its larger size allowsfield identification when resting. Tragusis fully pigmented, without dark spot on tip as in the Greater
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF9D8907D1880BD77" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1572,1664,1572,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The Maghreb
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF8A2907D19B7BD77" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1886,1975,1572,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more similar to the Lesser
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF69D907D17BABD77" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2401,2490,1572,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to the Greater
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF9DE9015187DBD5F" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1570,1661,1612,1645]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although it cannot be identified at species level with only external morphology. There is no report of the Maghreb
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF7DF902A167CBDA6" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2083,2172,1651,1684]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
living sympatrically with the Great
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CFA5390C21808BD8E" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1455,1544,1691,1724]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
or the Lesser
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF92890C2192FBD8E" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1748,1839,1691,1724]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
; they are genetically very differentiated. Skull is large with robust rostrum and low braincase compared to unrelated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF70D909B174DBDD1" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2289,2381,1730,1763]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
; forehead region is moderately concave and sagittal crestis strongly developed. P? is about one-half height and crown area of P? or less and is within tooth row or somewhatlingually displaced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF236A9CFA539160190EBCC8" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF236A9CFA539160190EBCC8" blockId="216.[1452,2666,1375,3462]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CFA539160181EBC68" bold="true" box="[1455,1566,1849,1882]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Various habitats particularly open habitats (e.g. pastures, agricultural lands, or meadows) with little and short vegetation from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF236A9CF60C9138145EBCB0" box="[2544,2654,1889,1922]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
. The Maghreb Myotisis rarely found in forests or cluttered environments, but it does forage in edges or linear structures. Because it occurs in North Africa, it is often forages in semi-desert areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF236A9CFA5391A61646B23C" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF236A9CFA5391A61646B23C" blockId="216.[1452,2666,1375,3462]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CFA5391A618B7B312" bold="true" box="[1455,1719,2047,2080]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Diets of Maghreb
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF83F91A6161DB312" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1987,2077,2047,2080]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly contain grasshoppers, bush-crickets, crickets, beetles, and moths. In some regions,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF7929E7F16D8B375" box="[2158,2264,2086,2119]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
also is a large percentage of diets. Cicadas, spiders, and other bugs are also found in feces. It tends to hunt in areas with low or strongly grazed vegetation because it needs to fly very close to the ground to glean prey. It can capture prey by hovering and capturing it with its feet or by landing on top of it. It can switch from gleaning to aerial hawking if no ground insects are available and flying insects are more abundant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF236A9CFA4C9F4A1686B299" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF236A9CFA4C9F4A1686B299" blockId="216.[1452,2666,1375,3462]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CFA4C9F4A1837B206" bold="true" box="[1456,1591,2323,2356]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Maternity colonies of the Maghreb
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF7CE9F4A168CB206" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2098,2188,2323,2356]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are always in underground roosts (e.g. caves or mines) and contain several hundred up to 1000 adult females. Parturition dates vary between regions: March-April in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF236A9CF7A99F3B16BBB2B1" box="[2133,2235,2402,2435]" name="Algeria" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and May in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF236A9CF69B9F3B17E7B2B1" box="[2407,2535,2402,2435]" name="Morocco" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Females become sexually active during their first year oflife.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF236A9CFA4C9FE81616B1AB" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF236A9CFA4C9FE81616B1AB" blockId="216.[1452,2666,1375,3462]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CFA4C9FE81899B2E0" bold="true" box="[1456,1689,2481,2514]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Maghreb Myotisis a strictly cave dwelling. It roosts in natural and artificial roosts (e.g. caves, mines, or buildings). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF236A9CF7729F8116F7B2CB" box="[2190,2295,2520,2553]" name="France" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, roosts have internal temperatures of 4-9°C in winter and 10-28°C in summer. Echolocation is almost identical to that of the Greater
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF9149C7E1942B17A" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1768,1858,2599,2632]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Lesser
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF7DF9C7E167FB17A" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2083,2175,2599,2632]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hindering identification of pulses during acoustic surveys. Pulses are extremely modulated and range from 80-90 kHz to 20-30 kHz, with peak frequencies c.30 kHz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF236A9CFA4E9CC71467B7AB" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF236A9CFA4E9CC71467B7AB" blockId="216.[1452,2666,1375,3462]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CFA4E9CC71661B18D" bold="true" box="[1458,2145,2718,2751]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Besides maternity colonies, Maghreb
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CFA4F9C94180AB1D4" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1459,1546,2765,2790]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
often roost alone in ruins, tunnels, roofs, and cracks in bridges. These individuals, usually males, defend their spot fiercely during the mating season (usually in August). When reproductive season ends, individuals move to hibernacula that tend to be very close to maternity colonies (even in the same cave if it has proper conditions for hibernation). Long-distance movements have not been reported, but seasonal distances between winter and summer roosts are largely unknown. Maximum reported distance is ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF236A9CF6669DCB17F3B099" box="[2458,2547,2962,2987]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" unit="km" value="22.0">22 km</quantity>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF236A9CFA4A9DEB1808B0E1" box="[1462,1544,2994,3027]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF236A9CF9729DEB18F2B0E1" box="[1678,1778,2994,3027]" name="France" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Sardinia seem to minimize gene flow and keep populations isolated. Divergence time of these populations is estimated to be in the early to Middle Pleistocene. Populations in North Africa and on Mediterranean islands are highly differentiated. Maximum longevity is reportedly 5-8 years. Maghreb
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF6DD9A711778B77B" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2337,2424,3112,3145]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
commonly share space with other strict cave-dwelling species such as several species of Rhinolophus, Schreibers’s Long-fingered Bats (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF8F49A21162BB7AB" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[1800,2091,3192,3225]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersii">Miniopterus schreibersii</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and Long-fingered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF6B89A21179BB7AB" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2372,2459,3192,3225]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF6209A21145BB7AB" baseAuthorityName="Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[2524,2651,3192,3225]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capaccinii">capaccinii</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF236A9CFA489AC617D8B63D" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF236A9CFA489AC617D8B63D" blockId="216.[1452,2666,1375,3462]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CFA489AC6191EB7F2" bold="true" box="[1460,1822,3231,3264]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Main threats to the Maghreb
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF236A9CF8F39A9F1969B7D5" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1807,1897,3270,3303]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are disturbance in caves and mines by tourists, fires, and vandalism. Some individuals have been captured for medical purposes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF236A9CFA499B7B1760B6B4" pageId="216" pageNumber="978" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF236A9CFA499B7B1760B6B4" blockId="216.[1452,2666,1375,3462]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF236A9CFA499B7B184EB605" bold="true" box="[1461,1614,3362,3383]" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Agnarsson et al. (2011), Ahmim &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF236A9CF82B9B7B1610B605" box="[2007,2064,3362,3383]" country="Comoros" name="Moheli" pageId="216" pageNumber="978">Moali</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2011), Baron & Vella (2010), Bendjeddou, Bitam et al. (2013), Bendjeddou, Bouslama & Amr (2016), Beuneux (2004), Biollaz et al. (2010), Bosso et al. (2016), Bruyndonckx et al. (2010), Castella et al. (2000), Ruedi & Mayer (2001), Walters et al. (2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |