410 lines
42 KiB
XML
410 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="2CC150B1EAF70C8E0CDF7F0F73276FF6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4817.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3954698" ID-ZooBank="7CBDB6A9-9AF9-495F-A55A-83BF36A4934D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1595340362484" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Isler, Morton L., Chesser, Terry, Robbins, Mark B., Cuervo, Andrés M., Cadena, Carlos Daniel & Hosner, Peter A." docDate="2020" docId="465F87DEFFAE7442FF07FC85FBC7FC54" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4817.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4817 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Grallaria gravesi Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner 2020, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="64B87B0B-527F-4B7D-ADEF-0B5C20597239" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="BA66FFA6FFBE7453FF90FFAFFFB2FFFC" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes sixteen species" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698783870222" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0091AD10E543E240C194B458DD92E32C">
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<mods:title id="FB84F1D2CF5DA698D99483C91A470742">Taxonomic evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes sixteen species</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D387BE20A3BDB064B8D457DD81B077A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="ACB4A98FD4AF9676F4F1E4BF9866E59D">Isler, Morton L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1441BC8EADE15B225373A515A47CD2E9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="54D2781FCE3948CB931B85CC2DDF3451">Chesser, Terry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="61D980BA422D736D68B73493BFDE1F2B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4DA838265E6B6EC4FF51D09C758531BA">Robbins, Mark B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F862C3BF64818316BA8FB381EFB592AC">Cuervo, Andrés M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5EA4E88714259963D44684A6AA9BA5F2">Cadena, Carlos Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="68A5CCB52A1E869628196646D77D60D6">Hosner, Peter A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="28494528BDF7E24F0093ABD4CD05D49C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="80301A5BCD8D720576681905D5033071">
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<mods:date id="39BD31615298BB9525541292598E604C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B93B9C7D30AB613A9EE7C038F68E8D09">2020-07-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="89172908BED0306E41F1AA5A3FF093CD">4817</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="4238204A08B6BA02746B626F112AF577">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3130FB5E184F6C980979269AFD797927" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4817.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="465F87DEFFAE7442FF07FC85FBC7FC54" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:64B87B0B-527F-4B7D-ADEF-0B5C20597239" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/465F87DEFFAE7442FF07FC85FBC7FC54" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="86EC6543FFAE7443FF07FC85FEE9FC94" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFAE7443FF07FC85FC1AFCB8" blockId="16.[151,936,810,873]" box="[151,936,810,837]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="950181A4FFAE7443FF07FC85FC1AFCB8" bold="true" box="[151,936,810,837]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FF07FC85FC1AFCB8" bold="true" box="[151,936,810,837]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FF07FC85FCB8FCB9" authority="Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner" authorityName="Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,778,810,837]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravesi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FF07FC85FED7FCB8" bold="true" box="[151,357,810,837]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Grallaria gravesi</emphasis>
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Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7B157A1FFAE7443FC88FC84FC1AFCB8" box="[792,936,810,837]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFAE7443FF07FCE0FEE9FC94" blockId="16.[151,936,810,873]" box="[151,347,846,873]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Graves’s Antpitta</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="86EC6543FFAE7443FF07FC39FCABFC4C" box="[151,793,918,944]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFAE7443FF07FC39FCABFC4C" blockId="16.[151,1437,918,1305]" box="[151,793,918,944]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Includes population designated
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FE6BFC39FDD8FC4C" box="[507,618,918,944]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FE6BFC39FDE7FC4C" authorityName="Berlepsch & Stolzmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[507,597,918,944]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">obscura</taxonomicName>
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<quantity id="090E9B2DFFAE7443FDCCFC39FDD8FC4C" box="[604,618,918,944]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="1.0">1</quantity>
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</emphasis>
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in the analysis.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="86EC6543FFAE7443FF57FC15FD55FAE5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFAE7443FF57FC15FD55FAE5" blockId="16.[151,1437,918,1305]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FF57FC15FEF0FC28" bold="true" box="[199,322,954,980]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Upperparts dark reddish yellow-brown; underparts paler, palest on belly and undertail coverts; pale buff eye-ring. Both long songs and short songs are distinguished from those of all other populations except
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FAA4FC70FA2FFC04" authorityName="Chesser & Isler" authorityYear="2020" box="[1332,1437,990,1017]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oneilli">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FAA4FC70FA2FFC04" box="[1332,1437,990,1017]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. oneilli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FF57FBACFEF6FBE0" authorityName="Berlepsch & Stolzmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[199,324,1026,1053]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FF57FBACFEF6FBE0" box="[199,324,1026,1053]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. obscura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by their frequency modulated notes, delivered in a series in long songs and in pairs in short songs (
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<figureCitation id="56CD2A4DFFAE7443FF30FB89FF46FBBD" box="[160,244,1062,1089]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,1330,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1435,1326,1669]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Songs of Grallaria gravesi: (A) long song, Bosque Unchog, Huánuco, Peru (Valqui ML236895); (B) short song, 34 km ENE of Huánuco, Huánuco (Cáceres ML168656)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3954719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3954719/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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). The pace of long songs of
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FDA7FB88FD1EFBBC" authorityName="Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner" authorityYear="2020" box="[567,684,1063,1089]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravesi">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FDA7FB88FD1EFBBC" box="[567,684,1063,1089]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. gravesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is faster than that of
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FC0EFB88FBA9FBBC" authorityName="Berlepsch & Stolzmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[926,1051,1062,1089]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FC0EFB88FBA9FBBC" box="[926,1051,1062,1089]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. obscura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but slower than that of
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FABBFB88FA24FBBC" authorityName="Chesser & Isler" authorityYear="2020" box="[1323,1430,1062,1089]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oneilli">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FABBFB88FA24FBBC" box="[1323,1430,1062,1089]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. oneilli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Intervals between notes of the long song of
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FD13FBE4FD4AFB98" authorityName="Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner" authorityYear="2020" box="[643,760,1099,1125]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravesi">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FD13FBE4FD4AFB98" box="[643,760,1099,1125]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. gravesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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increase and then decrease in duration, whereas intervals of the
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FF51FBC0FE9EFB74" authorityName="Chesser & Isler" authorityYear="2020" box="[193,300,1134,1161]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oneilli">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FF51FBC0FE9EFB74" box="[193,300,1134,1161]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. oneilli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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long song remain nearly constant, and those of
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FCDBFBC0FC7AFB74" authorityName="Berlepsch & Stolzmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[843,968,1134,1161]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FCDBFBC0FC7AFB74" box="[843,968,1134,1161]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. obscura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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increase in duration throughout. Two additional characters distinguish vocalizations of
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FD3DFB3CFC90FB50" authorityName="Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner" authorityYear="2020" box="[685,802,1171,1197]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravesi">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FD3DFB3CFC90FB50" box="[685,802,1171,1197]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. gravesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FCF9FB3CFC54FB50" authorityName="Berlepsch & Stolzmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[873,998,1170,1197]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FCF9FB3CFC54FB50" box="[873,998,1170,1197]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. obscura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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although not from
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FB53FB3CFA9CFB50" authorityName="Chesser & Isler" authorityYear="2020" box="[1219,1326,1170,1197]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oneilli">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FB53FB3CFA9CFB50" box="[1219,1326,1170,1197]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. oneilli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Notes in the second half of long songs of
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FD9BFB18FD33FB2C" authorityName="Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner" authorityYear="2020" box="[523,641,1207,1233]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravesi">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FD9BFB18FDADFB2D" box="[523,543,1207,1233]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FDBFFB18FD33FB2C" box="[559,641,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">gravesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FD2AFB18FC97FB2C" authorityName="Chesser & Isler" authorityYear="2020" box="[698,805,1206,1233]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oneilli">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FD2AFB18FD7CFB2D" box="[698,718,1207,1233]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FD4DFB19FC97FB2C" box="[733,805,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">oneilli</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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rise in frequency, whereas those of
|
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FB2FFB18FA8EFB2C" authorityName="Berlepsch & Stolzmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[1215,1340,1206,1233]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FB2FFB18FB61FB2D" box="[1215,1235,1207,1233]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
|
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.
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<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FB72FB19FA8EFB2C" box="[1250,1340,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">obscura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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decline. In addition, initial notes of short songs of
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<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FDF9FB74FD6FFB08" authorityName="Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner" authorityYear="2020" box="[617,733,1243,1269]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FDF9FB74FD6FFB08" box="[617,733,1243,1269]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. gravesi</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FC83FB74FCCFFB08" authorityName="Chesser & Isler" authorityYear="2020" box="[787,893,1242,1269]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oneilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FC83FB74FCCFFB08" box="[787,893,1242,1269]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. oneilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
come to a single frequency peak, whereas initial notes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FF68FB50FEC6FAE4" authorityName="Berlepsch & Stolzmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[248,372,1278,1305]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FF68FB50FEC6FAE4" box="[248,372,1278,1305]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include three peaks (rarely two).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="9A896640FFAE7443FF07F931FD69F927" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3954719" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3954719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3954719/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[151,250,1694,1718]" targetBox="[156,1431,1330,1667]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFAE7443FF07F931FD69F927" blockId="16.[151,1436,1694,1755]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FF07F931FEABF94A" bold="true" box="[151,281,1694,1718]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
|
||
. Songs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAE7443FE16F931FD8BF94A" authorityName="Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner" authorityYear="2020" box="[390,569,1694,1718]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FE16F931FD8BF94A" box="[390,569,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Grallaria gravesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) long song, Bosque Unchog, Huánuco, Peru (Valqui ML236895); (B) short song, 34 km ENE of Huánuco, Huánuco (Cáceres ML168656).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="86EC6543FFAE7443FF57F8A6FCCEF8BB" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFAE7443FF57F8A6FCCEF8BB" blockId="16.[151,1436,1801,2043]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FF57F8A6FED3F8DF" bold="true" box="[199,353,1801,1827]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B6E17658FFAE7443FE64F8A6FD95F8DF" box="[500,551,1801,1827]" name="Peru" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
on east Andean slope in Amazonas and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0C32F82AFFAE7443FC67F8A6FBC4F8DF" box="[1015,1142,1801,1827]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">San Martín</collectingRegion>
|
||
south and east of the Río Marañón, south to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0C32F82AFFAE7443FEFBF882FE62F8BB" box="[363,464,1837,1863]" country="Peru" name="Huanuco" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Huánuco</collectingRegion>
|
||
north of Río Huallaga,
|
||
<quantity id="090E9B2DFFAE7443FD4AF882FCCAF8BB" box="[730,888,1837,1863]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="3150.0" valueMax="3900.0" valueMin="2400.0">2400–3900 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="86EC6543FFAE7443FF57F8FEFE9DF82B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFAE7443FF57F8FEFE9DF82B" blockId="16.[151,1436,1801,2043]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7E9E3C95FFAE7443FF57F8FEFE9DF82B" collectingDate="1981-08-05" collectionCode="LSUMZ" collectorName="Adult & S. Allen-Stotz" country="Peru" elevation="3250" latitude="-7.5333333" location="Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="-77.46667" municipality="Puerto del Monte" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Martin" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FF57F8FEFE89F897" bold="true" box="[199,315,1873,1899]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<typeStatus id="114D886AFFAE7443FF57F8FEFE84F897" box="[199,310,1873,1899]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="CB296013FFAE7443FED3F8FEFC06F897" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:465F87DEFFAE7442FF07FC85FBC7FC54:CB296013FFAE7443FED3F8FEFC06F897" box="[323,948,1873,1899]" country="Peru" latitude="-7.5333333" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="-77.46667" municipality="Puerto del Monte" name="Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="San Martin">Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="A8E7AE0DFFAE7443FC53F8FEFB97F897" box="[963,1061,1873,1899]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ew6z-dwdm" name="Louisiana State University, Musuem of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">LSUMZ</collectionCode>
|
||
) 104488, tissue number
|
||
<collectionCode id="A8E7AE0DFFAE7443FAADF8FEFA2EF897" box="[1341,1436,1873,1899]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ew6z-dwdm" name="Louisiana State University, Musuem of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">LSUMZ</collectionCode>
|
||
B–809.
|
||
<collectorName id="6303531EFFAE7443FF7FF8DAFE9DF873" box="[239,303,1909,1935]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Adult</collectorName>
|
||
female mist-netted in isolated patch of temperate forest and prepared by
|
||
<collectorName id="6303531EFFAE7443FBFDF8DAFAB9F873" box="[1133,1291,1909,1935]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. Allen-Stotz</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="BA481008FFAE7443FAA7F8DAFF7DF84F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1981-08-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="AA0CE9E0FFAE7443FAA7F8DAFF7DF84F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1981-08-05">5 August 1981</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2E2DACB2FFAE7443FF62F836FE0AF84F" box="[242,440,1945,1971]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Puerto del Monte</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, ca.
|
||
<locationDeviation id="DFFB2FEAFFAE7443FE7AF836FD6DF84F" box="[490,735,1945,1971]" location="Los Alisos" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<quantity id="090E9B2DFFAE7443FE7AF836FD83F84F" box="[490,561,1945,1971]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
NE Los Alisos
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0C32F82AFFAE7443FD7AF836FCD9F84F" box="[746,875,1945,1971]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">San Martín</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B6E17658FFAE7443FCE6F836FC1BF84F" box="[886,937,1945,1971]" name="Peru" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(approximately
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABC2500FFFAE7443FBF3F836FB64F84F" box="[1123,1238,1945,1971]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-77.46667">77° 28’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABC2500FFFAE7443FB71F836FAF9F84F" box="[1249,1355,1945,1971]" degrees="07" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-7.5333333">07° 32’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="45DBD1FBFFAE7443FAC8F836FE91F82B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="3250.0">
|
||
elevation
|
||
<quantity id="090E9B2DFFAE7443FF5AF812FE91F82B" box="[202,291,1981,2008]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="3250.0">3250 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="86EC6543FFAE7442FF57F84EFDDCFE0B" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFAE7442FF57F84EFC5DFEBF" blockId="16.[151,1436,1801,2043]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,153,936]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAE7443FF57F84EFE5EF807" bold="true" box="[199,492,2017,2043]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="114D886AFFAE7443FEEFF84EFE5AF807" box="[383,488,2017,2043]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female. Overall plumage of upperparts, including crown, auriculars, nape, back, and uppertail coverts, dark reddish yellow-brown (7.5YR 4/4), shading to underparts color in malar area; eyering pale buff. Rectrices and remiges dark reddish yellow-brown (7.5YR 4/4), primaries edged paler. Throat and breast reddish yellow-brown (7.5YR 5/8), paler on belly and undertail coverts with center of belly whitish; flank coloration intermediate between upperparts and breast. Soft part colors: iris brown, bill slate, tarsi/feet blue-gray. Ovarian mass 5 x
|
||
<quantity id="090E9B2DFFAF7442FEF1FE86FE17FEB8" box="[353,421,297,324]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; skull ossified; mass
|
||
<quantity id="090E9B2DFFAF7442FD03FE86FD6EFEB8" box="[659,732,297,324]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.32" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="g" value="33.2">33.2 g</quantity>
|
||
; insect parts in stomach.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFAF7442FF57FEE2FD97FE70" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,936]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FF57FEE2FDBDFE9B" bold="true" box="[199,527,333,359]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="114D886AFFAF7442FE31FEE2FDB8FE9B" box="[417,522,333,359]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bill length
|
||
<quantity id="090E9B2DFFAF7442FD0DFEE2FCA1FE94" box="[669,787,333,360]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.058" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="10.58">10.58 mm</quantity>
|
||
, bill width
|
||
<quantity id="090E9B2DFFAF7442FC0BFEE2FBB1FE94" box="[923,1027,333,360]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.77" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="4.77">4.77 mm</quantity>
|
||
, wing length
|
||
<quantity id="090E9B2DFFAF7442FB33FEE2FAA8FE94" box="[1187,1306,333,360]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.166" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="81.66">81.66 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail length
|
||
<quantity id="090E9B2DFFAF7442FF07FEDEFEB9FE70" box="[151,267,369,396]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.54" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="45.4">45.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tarsus length
|
||
<quantity id="090E9B2DFFAF7442FE3CFEDEFD93FE70" box="[428,545,369,396]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.169" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="41.69">41.69 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFAF7442FF57FE3AFD2CFE4C" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,936]" box="[199,670,405,432]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FF57FE3AFEC2FE53" bold="true" box="[199,368,405,431]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paratopotype.</emphasis>
|
||
LSUMZ 104491 (female).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFAF7442FF57FE16FDDCFE0B" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,936]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7E9E3C95FFAF7442FF57FE16FDE5FE28" box="[199,599,441,468]" collectionCode="LSUMZ" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="LSUMZ 74099" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FF57FE16FEF4FE2F" bold="true" box="[199,326,441,467]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<typeStatus id="114D886AFFAF7442FF57FE16FEF3FE2F" box="[199,321,441,467]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="9E509EB3FFAF7442FEC6FE16FDB1FE2F" box="[342,515,441,467]" collectionCode="LSUMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ew6z-dwdm" name="Louisiana State University, Musuem of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">LSUMZ 74099</specimenCode>
|
||
(male)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7E9E3C95FFAF7442FDF4FE16FCC9FE28" box="[612,891,441,468]" collectionCode="LSUMZ" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="LSUMZ 74104" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="9E509EB3FFAF7442FDF4FE16FCA3FE2F" box="[612,785,441,467]" collectionCode="LSUMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ew6z-dwdm" name="Louisiana State University, Musuem of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">LSUMZ 74104</specimenCode>
|
||
(female)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7E9E3C95FFAF7442FC15FE16FBCEFE28" box="[901,1148,441,468]" collectionCode="ANSP" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="ANSP 176470" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="9E509EB3FFAF7442FC15FE16FB9AFE2F" box="[901,1064,441,467]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ANSP 176470</specimenCode>
|
||
(male)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7E9E3C95FFAF7442FB18FE15FDD8FE0B" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="App. & Fig. A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="FMNH 296697" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="9E509EB3FFAF7442FB18FE15FA87FE2F" box="[1160,1333,441,468]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">FMNH 296697</specimenCode>
|
||
(female) (specimen photographs
|
||
<collectorName id="6303531EFFAF7442FE31FE72FE6BFE0B" box="[417,473,477,503]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">App.</collectorName>
|
||
6,
|
||
<collectorName id="6303531EFFAF7442FE6BFE72FDF1FE0B" box="[507,579,477,503]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. A</collectorName>
|
||
24)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="86EC6543FFAF7442FF57FDAEFC74FD74" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFAF7442FF57FDAEFC74FD74" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,936]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FF57FDAEFEFCFDE7" bold="true" box="[199,334,513,539]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
We are pleased to name this species for our friend and colleague Dr. Gary R. Graves, whose ornithological contributions include the field work and subsequent analysis that resulted in the recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FABFFD8AFA27FDC3" authorityName=", Gary Graves" authorityYear="1987" box="[1327,1429,549,575]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blakei">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FABFFD8AFA27FDC3" box="[1327,1429,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. blakei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. After describing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FEC8FDE6FDEDFD9F" authority=", Gary Graves" authorityName=", Gary Graves" authorityYear="1987" box="[344,607,585,612]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blakei">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FEC8FDE6FE0DFD9F" box="[344,447,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. blakei</emphasis>
|
||
, Gary Graves
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
embarked on a study of the taxonomic issues presented by the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FAA4FDE6FA2EFD9F" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1332,1436,585,611]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufula">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FAA4FDE6FA2EFD9F" box="[1332,1436,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. rufula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex that culminated in this paper, to which he has provided support.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="86EC6543FFAF7442FF57FD3EFBC7FC54" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE4936C8FFAF7442FF57FD3EFBC7FC54" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,936]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FF57FD3EFE89FD57" bold="true" box="[199,315,657,683]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Long songs and short songs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FD09FD3EFCBEFD57" authorityName="Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner" authorityYear="2020" box="[665,780,657,683]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FD09FD3EFCBEFD57" box="[665,780,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. gravesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its sister species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FB91FD3EFBD9FD57" authorityName="Chesser & Isler" authorityYear="2020" box="[1025,1131,657,683]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oneilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FB91FD3EFBD9FD57" box="[1025,1131,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. oneilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FB0FFD3EFAA8FD57" authorityName="Berlepsch & Stolzmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[1183,1306,657,683]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FB0FFD3EFAA8FD57" box="[1183,1306,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are unique in the complex and set them apart from all other populations at the species level. Although fewer vocal differences distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FE88FD76FE39FD0F" authorityName="Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner" authorityYear="2020" box="[280,395,729,755]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FE88FD76FE39FD0F" box="[280,395,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. gravesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FE2FFD76FD9AFD0F" authorityName="Chesser & Isler" authorityYear="2020" box="[447,552,729,755]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oneilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FE2FFD76FD9AFD0F" box="[447,552,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. oneilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than the substantial vocal differences distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FBE2FD76FB5FFD0F" authorityName="Berlepsch & Stolzmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[1138,1261,729,755]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FBE2FD76FB5FFD0F" box="[1138,1261,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its sisters, all three taxa are supported at the species level by plumage distinctions. Comparing plumages of the three taxa, the lighter coloration of the underparts of the geographically intermediate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FC3FFC8EFBABFCC7" authorityName="Chesser & Isler" authorityYear="2020" box="[943,1049,801,827]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oneilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FC3FFC8EFBABFCC7" box="[943,1049,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. oneilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were separable in blind tests from the browner
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FEB2FCEAFE24FCA3" authorityName="Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner" authorityYear="2020" box="[290,406,837,863]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FEB2FCEAFE24FCA3" box="[290,406,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. gravesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FE5AFCEAFDF7FCA3" authorityName="Berlepsch & Stolzmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[458,581,837,863]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FE5AFCEAFDF7FCA3" box="[458,581,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The mtDNA genetic distance was greatest between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FB1CFCEAFB4DFCA3" authorityName="Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner" authorityYear="2020" box="[1164,1279,837,863]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FB1CFCEAFB4DFCA3" box="[1164,1279,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. gravesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FAA4FCEAFA2FFCA3" authorityName="Chesser & Isler" authorityYear="2020" box="[1332,1437,837,863]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oneilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FAA4FCEAFA2FFCA3" box="[1332,1437,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. oneilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(~5%) and was least between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FE78FCC6FDEFFC7F" authorityName="Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner" authorityYear="2020" box="[488,605,873,899]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FE78FCC6FDEFFC7F" box="[488,605,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. gravesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FD05FCC6FCA0FC7F" authorityName="Berlepsch & Stolzmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[661,786,873,899]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FD05FCC6FCA0FC7F" box="[661,786,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(~3%), but the greatest number of vocal differences were found between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FED4FC22FE72FC5B" authorityName="Berlepsch & Stolzmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[324,448,909,935]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FED4FC22FE72FC5B" box="[324,448,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FE67FC22FDD9FC5B" authorityName="Isler, Chesser, Robbins & Hosner" authorityYear="2020" box="[503,619,909,936]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FE67FC22FDB9FC5B" box="[503,523,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FD89FC21FDD9FC5B" box="[537,619,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">gravesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FCC1FC22FC7CFC5B" authorityName="Berlepsch & Stolzmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[849,974,909,936]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FCC1FC22FCD7FC5B" box="[849,869,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FCE4FC22FC7CFC5B" box="[884,974,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09F64D4BFFAF7442FB94FC22FBDDFC5B" authorityName="Chesser & Isler" authorityYear="2020" box="[1028,1135,909,935]" class="Aves" family="Grallariidae" genus="Grallaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oneilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC82EADAFFAF7442FB94FC22FBDDFC5B" box="[1028,1135,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. oneilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |