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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58b3b015-a919-456b-9175-f96878341e31" ID-PMC="PMC3497256" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-239-1" ID-PubMed="23226711" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-239-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 239" ModsDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres ( Cyamon and Trikentrion)" checkinTime="1451248578713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Soest, Rob van, Carballo, Jose Luis &amp; Hooper, John" docDate="2012" docId="2EE01ED16321C18EF74E2BF5A9E58FEB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 239: 1-70" docOrigin="ZooKeys 239" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" docTitle="Cyamon koltuni Sim &amp; Bakus 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="3639FF9B0F54FFEACF6A573ADC3CDF3D" masterDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1668154678110" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Soest, Rob van</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>239</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>70</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-239-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037791" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EE01ED16321C18EF74E2BF5A9E58FEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2EE01ED16321C18EF74E2BF5A9E58FEB" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_koltuni" authority="Sim &amp; Bakus, 1986" authorityName="Sim &amp; Bakus" authorityYear="1986" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni Sim &amp; Bakus, 1986</taxonomicName>
Figs 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="AF">A-F</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Sim, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 23" title="Marine sponges of Santa Catalina Island, California." volume="5" year="1986">Sim and Bakus 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 18, fig. 3 (California);
<bibRefCitation pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lee et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 210.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
HolotypeUSNM 33630, preserved in alcohol, California, Santa Catalina Island, Big
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fishermans">Fisherman's</normalizedToken>
Cove,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="33.45">33.45°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-118.4833">118.4833°W</geoCoordinate>
, 6 m.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
LEB-ICML-UNAM 1497, preserved in alcohol, Mexican Pacific, Islas Marietas (Nayarit), Cueva Marietas,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="20.7003">20.7003°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-105.5658">105.5658°W</geoCoordinate>
, 11 m, coll. J.L. Carballo, 11
<normalizedToken originalValue="10">-10-</normalizedToken>
2006.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
The holotype (Fig. 10A1) was received on loan from the Smithsonian Institution, but in view of the small crust and previous studies of it, including SEM examination (
<bibRefCitation author="Sim, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 23" title="Marine sponges of Santa Catalina Island, California." volume="5" year="1986">Sim and Bakus 1986</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 3;
<bibRefCitation pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lee et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
), and the presence of additional material, it was decided that no further sampling of it was necessary. We report the occurrence of a second specimen of this species from Mexican Pacific waters, from which we obtained our data for the description below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Thinly encrusting (Fig. 10A1, A2) on rocks, color bright orange. Size of Mexican specimen 12
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
15 cm, thickness 1 mm. Surface very hispid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Skeleton: a basal mass of polyactine spicules (Fig. 10B), upon which with styles are erected (Fig. 10C), no discernible skeletal organization due to thinness.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Spicules: long thin styles, short thin styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Long thin styles (Fig. 10D, 10D1): rather straight, with faint subterminal tyle at the rounded end, 900
<normalizedToken originalValue="967">-967-</normalizedToken>
1400
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5
<normalizedToken originalValue="5.9">-5.9-</normalizedToken>
7
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Short thin styles (Fig. 10E), occasionally oxea-like with tapering thin endings, 265-370
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Short thick styles (Fig. 10F): slightly curved and thickest subterminally near the faintly constricted rounded end, 150
<normalizedToken originalValue="316">-316-</normalizedToken>
425
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10
<normalizedToken originalValue="14.7">-14.7-</normalizedToken>
25
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Polyactines (Fig. 10G): three-six claded, cladi spined predominantly at the apices; basal cladi pointed, spined more heavily than the lateral cladi, which are provided with prominent bulbous apices, 35
<normalizedToken originalValue="46">-46-</normalizedToken>
66
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5
<normalizedToken originalValue="8.9">-8.9-</normalizedToken>
10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Figure 10.
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni</taxonomicName>
Sim &amp; Bakus, 1986, A1 Californian holotype, USNM 33630, encrusting a rock (scale = 1 cm) A2 Mexican Pacific specimen LEB-ICML-UNAM 1497 B cross section of peripheral region C thick section of basal mass of polyactines D fragments of long thin style D1 microphoto of detail of rounded apex of long thin style E short thin style F short thick styles G three- to five-claded polyactines showing prominent bulbous ending of lateral cladi.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Southern California, Pacific coast of Mexico.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Under rocks and in caves in shallow water.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
The enhanced bulbous endings of the polyactines is distinctive and is only matched by those of
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon amphipolyactinum" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amphipolyactinum">Cyamon amphipolyactinum</taxonomicName>
sp. n., but that species differs clearly by possessing a smaller category of amphipolyactines. It is generally similar to
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon agnani" order="Axinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agnani">Cyamon agnani</taxonomicName>
, differing from that species in the sizes of the styles and the very prominent bulbous endings of the cladi of the polyactines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>