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<document id="9C2E520514665D09F3DF881E707F214B" ID-CLB-Dataset="198845" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="350315c7-bca0-4eac-a4cb-379a6481a6b8" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7380966" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669806870762" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marcano, Vicente" docDate="2022" docId="6E2A87A9F439FFC5C1FCFAA7FC23E63F" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.574.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 574 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Cyphellostereum mucuyense V. Marcano 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="210" masterDocId="9213FFD1F430FFCEC174FFC1FF85E47B" masterDocTitle="Eight new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Acantholichen, Cyphellostereum and Dictyonema s. str. (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from northern South America" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="199" pageNumber="208" updateTime="1699412310097" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="FB717CC4711969512631236EAEDE80BB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="982CFECF72D65024A5294421FBD8C0EE">
<mods:title id="B4F96BCEF8A067E36C9E980DA8C7666D">Eight new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Acantholichen, Cyphellostereum and Dictyonema s. str. (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from northern South America</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E91E632E6EB2FD89E5998EDC0BD4E2DA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AC22564F034B4F13C4197CC262F79135">Marcano, Vicente</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C776C7018F3E6AE4DCB330D3F42DFCDC" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0068-6642</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B0DF9439738D1DF2D190F0B17C92B013">Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva y de Organismos Extremos, Grupo de Ciencias Atmosféricas y el Espacio, Facultad de Ciencias &amp; Biological Station “ Vicente Marcano ”, Kailasha Organization, Sierra Nevada National Park, Raiz de Agua Road, Mérida, Venezuela. vicente. marcano @ gmail. com, https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0068 - 6642</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F362FD5343094AF2797ADCE76AA2BE14">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7EB497DB6DF4AA52175B94C1C0E04A8B">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F63DCC6F5E2DF79343DB31A2AC7B1C5D">
<mods:date id="B1D52D7906BEA51CE13A10BECE8C1BB2">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="21E73A48CD25AF8380A50C00A0C2460E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="64A5BBF55D99D8C285AAD02AD8940B4D">2022-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="09BEA3954D4F0EC0FD03867685D1895E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="DF41CCE128D1833F9A9FA957EF83E501">574</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D5684653D1818F6914E93E6B64266754">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="B6C6FED86B907728F39FBF154987E3EB">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="FF2A423E1A9A049A5778E47787F8F7E5">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C4AE521057754E5C8A563BA01D98430D" type="CLB-Dataset">198845</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0FDFEA4E5574E22903F26945A9D33DC4" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BFD3FDB97A49A9E23668BDA7F4F06A26" type="GBIF-Dataset">350315c7-bca0-4eac-a4cb-379a6481a6b8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2BAE06E8AB5B4FE317CD82354AC2FE16" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A29DF12B0D14154F63FAC8C5CE2B930C" type="Zenodo-Dep">7380966</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="6E2A87A9F439FFC5C1FCFAA7FC23E63F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7386630" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205351359" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7386630" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E2A87A9F439FFC5C1FCFAA7FC23E63F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E2A87A9F439FFC5C1FCFAA7FC23E63F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="210" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">
<subSubSection id="AE996534F439FFC7C1FCFAA7FCC9E1FA" box="[136,844,1382,1409]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF439FFC7C1FCFAA7FCC9E1FA" blockId="9.[136,844,1382,1444]" box="[136,844,1382,1409]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">
2)
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF439FFC7C1D2FAA7FD06E1FB" ID-CoL="B2X6F" authority="V. Marcano" authorityName="V. Marcano" authorityYear="2022" box="[166,643,1382,1409]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Cyphellostereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="mucuyense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF439FFC7C1D2FAA7FD06E1FB" bold="true" box="[166,643,1382,1409]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF439FFC7C1D2FAA7FE74E1FA" bold="true" box="[166,497,1382,1409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">Cyphellostereum mucuyense</emphasis>
V. Marcano
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFC457D6F439FFC7C3E5FAA6FD6CE1FA" box="[657,745,1383,1409]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF439FFC7C3E5FAA6FD67E1FA" bold="true" box="[657,738,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; (
<figureCitation id="7EB82A3AF439FFC7C274FAA7FCC7E1FA" box="[768,834,1382,1409]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1611,1633]" captionTargetBox="[241,1353,298,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-63@10.[222,1366,281,1586]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cyphellostereum mucuyense. A. Habit of the species growing on soil and bryophytes, scale = 2 cm. B. Mature thallus with resupinate-corticioid basidiocarp, scale = 1 cm. Photos by V. Marcano." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380976/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AE996534F439FFC7C1FCFA4FFEEBE1DF" box="[136,366,1422,1444]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF439FFC7C1FCFA4FFEEBE1DF" blockId="9.[136,844,1382,1444]" box="[136,366,1422,1444]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">Mycobank MB#838446</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AE996534F439FFC7C1FCFA13FC9CE24F" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF439FFC7C1FCFA13FC9CE24F" blockId="9.[136,1452,1490,2093]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">
Diagnosis:—
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF439FFC7C068FA12FC9CE24F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">
Sicut
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF439FFC7C016FA12FDF2E197" box="[354,631,1490,1516]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="metallicum">Dictyonema metallicum</taxonomicName>
, sed cellulis quadrato-rhombici nullis differt.
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF439FFC7C5DCFA13FAF8E197" box="[1192,1405,1490,1516]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Thallus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="muscicola">Thallus muscicola</taxonomicName>
vel terricola, sat tenuis. Prothallus nullus. Hyphae fibulatae. Haustoria nulla. Hymenocarpus resupinatus. Hymenium N non reagens. Basidiosporae subglobosae, 5–7 μm crassae.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AE996534F439FFC7C1C9F9FFFAF2E207" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF439FFC7C1C9F9FFFAF2E207" blockId="9.[136,1452,1490,2093]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">
<materialsCitation id="56EB3CE2F439FFC7C1C9F9FFFAF6E207" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3979525308" collectingDate="2020-10-30" collectorName="V. Marcano" country="Venezuela" elevation="2150" location="San Jeronimo" municipality="Sierra Nevada" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida" typeStatus="holotype">
Type:—
<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF439FFC7C063F9FFFE46E223" box="[279,451,1598,1624]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF439FFC7C0BBF9FFFDA1E223" box="[463,548,1598,1624]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">Mérida</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="0658ACC5F439FFC7C345F9FFFD56E223" box="[561,723,1598,1624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">Sierra Nevada</collectingMunicipality>
de Mérida,
<location id="E35C6064F439FFC7C214F9FFFC7EE223" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E2A87A9F439FFC5C1FCFAA7FC23E63F:E35C6064F439FFC7C214F9FFFC7EE223" box="[864,1019,1598,1624]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Sierra Nevada" name="San Jeronimo" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" stateProvince="Merida">San Jerónimo</location>
cloud forests, near
<location id="E35C6064F439FFC7C594F9FEFAEFE223" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E2A87A9F439FFC5C1FCFAA7FC23E63F:E35C6064F439FFC7C594F9FEFAEFE223" box="[1248,1386,1598,1625]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Sierra Nevada" name="Mucuy Alta" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" stateProvince="Merida">Mucuy Alta</location>
, elev.
<quantity id="217B9B5AF439FFC7C1FCF9A3FF5AE206" box="[136,223,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" unit="m" value="2150.0">
<elevation id="6DAED18CF439FFC7C1FCF9A3FF5AE206" box="[136,223,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" unit="m" value="2150.0">2150 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, terricolous;
<date id="923D107FF439FFC7C005F9A3FDB4E207" box="[369,561,1634,1660]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" value="2020-10-30">
<collectingDate id="8279E997F439FFC7C005F9A3FDB4E207" box="[369,561,1634,1660]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" value="2020-10-30">30 October 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF439FFC7C348F9A2FC96E207" box="[572,787,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">
<collectorName id="4B765369F439FFC7C348F9A2FD38E207" box="[572,701,1635,1660]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">V. Marcano</collectorName>
20-567
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="3938881DF439FFC7C255F9A3FC00E207" box="[801,901,1634,1660]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
MER, isotype B, private herb. V. Marcano)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AE996534F439FFC7C1C9F947FB18E2DB" box="[189,1181,1670,1697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF439FFC7C1C9F947FB18E2DB" blockId="9.[136,1452,1490,2093]" box="[189,1181,1670,1697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">
Etymology:—The epithet refers to the locality where the
<typeStatus id="3938881DF439FFC7C234F946FCF5E2DA" box="[832,880,1671,1697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">type</typeStatus>
specimens were collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AE996534F439FFC4C1C9F96BFC87E57A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" type="description">
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF439FFC7C1C9F96BFD50E39F" blockId="9.[136,1452,1490,2093]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">
Description:—
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF439FFC7C010F96BFE3DE2BF" box="[356,440,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">Thallus</emphasis>
growing on and among bryophytes or soils, crustose-filamentous, dark green, developing a mat of ± individual to slightly interwoven fungal-cyanobacterial fibrils connected by a very thin hypothallus; prothallus absent.
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF439FFC7C1A8F933FEADE377" box="[220,296,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">Fibrils</emphasis>
horizontally arranged and closely appressed. Photobiont layer (50–120 μm) composed of cyanobacterial filaments covered by thin elongated fungal cells, not forming jigsaw-puzzle-shaped cells; cyanobacterial filaments not branched, composed of 8–10 μm wide and 4–9 μm high, green cells, mostly square to elongate–cylindrical, in chains, not penetrated by tubular fungal hyphae (haustoria);
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF439FFC7C399F89FFCEEE303" box="[749,875,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">heterocytes</emphasis>
rare, pale to slightly bright yellow, 7–8 μm wide and 4–5 μm high;
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF439FFC7C02DF843FDCAE3E7" box="[345,591,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">cells of hyphal sheath</emphasis>
regular in lateral outline, 2–4 μm thick;
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF439FFC7C56AF843FA29E3E7" box="[1054,1452,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">hyphae of medulla and hypothallus</emphasis>
straight, hyaline, much branched, 3.5–5 μm thick.
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF439FFC7C3BDF867FC27E3BB" box="[713,930,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">Clamp connections</emphasis>
present, not common;
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF439FFC7C5DEF867FAA8E3BB" box="[1194,1325,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">hypothallus</emphasis>
formed by interwoven, strongly agglutinate, generative hyphae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF439FFC4C1C9F82FFC87E57A" blockId="9.[136,1452,1490,2093]" lastBlockId="10.[136,1452,158,257]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF439FFC7C1C9F82FFEDEEC73" box="[189,347,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">Hymenophore</emphasis>
(when fresh) developed as effuse patches, resupinate-corticioid,
<quantity id="217B9B5AF439FFC7C557F82FFB1FEC72" box="[1059,1178,2030,2057]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="30.0">30–80 mm</quantity>
diameter, white, without distinct margins, with finely arachnoid surface; composed of a paraplectenchymatous layer resting on hyphae emerging from supporting thallus; in section 40–50 μm thick, composed of 3.5–5 μm thick hyphae;
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43AFFC4C5E8FF5FFA8AE4C3" box="[1180,1295,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">hymenium</emphasis>
composed of numerous, palisade–like basidioles and scattered basidia;
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43AFFC4C25CFF03FC1FE4A7" box="[808,922,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">basidioles</emphasis>
20–30 × 5–6 μm;
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43AFFC4C50BFF03FB54E4A7" box="[1151,1233,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">basidia</emphasis>
25–40 × 5–7 μm;
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43AFFC4C1FCFF27FEA6E57B" box="[136,291,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">basidiospores</emphasis>
subglobose, non-septate, hyaline, 5–7 μm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="B2FC6637F43AFFC4C1FCF98AFCB5E2FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380976" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7380976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380976/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" startId="10.[136,229,1611,1633]" targetBox="[241,1353,298,1565]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43AFFC4C1FCF98AFCB5E2FE" blockId="10.[136,1452,1611,1669]" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43AFFC4C1FCF98AFF7DE21A" bold="true" box="[136,248,1611,1633]" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43AFFC4C071F98AFD92E21A" box="[261,535,1611,1633]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Cyphellostereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="mucuyense">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43AFFC4C071F98AFD92E21A" box="[261,535,1611,1633]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Cyphellostereum mucuyense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Habit of the species growing on soil and bryophytes, scale = 2 cm. B. Mature thallus with resupinate-corticioid basidiocarp, scale = 1 cm. Photos by V. Marcano.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="AE996534F43AFFC4C1C9F975FD5EE289" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43AFFC4C1C9F975FD5EE289" blockId="10.[136,1452,1716,2066]" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Chemistry:—Thallus K–, C–, KC–, P–; medulla K–, C–, KC–, P–, N–, ER–; basidiocarp K–, C–, KC–, P–, N–, ER– (n = 6). No lichen compounds detected by TLC.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AE996534F43AFFC4C1C9F93DFDD1E325" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43AFFC4C1C9F93DFDD1E325" blockId="10.[136,1452,1716,2066]" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">
Distribution and Ecology:—This species is known only from the well-developed
<typeStatus id="3938881DF43AFFC4C517F93DFB16E36D" box="[1123,1171,1788,1814]" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">type</typeStatus>
collection. It was found growing on mosses and acid soils in shady and very humid rainforest at
<quantity id="217B9B5AF43AFFC4C2C8F8E1FB97E341" box="[956,1042,1824,1851]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" unit="m" value="2150.0">2150 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="7EB82A3AF43AFFC4C556F8E1FBFBE341" box="[1058,1150,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[221,1371,643,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-122@8.[204,1383,619,1943]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Acantholichen dendroideus. A. Habit of the species growing on mosses. B–C. Thallus showing ascendant, densely and dichotomously branched microsquamules; scale in B = 1 cm, scale in C = 0.5 mm. D–E. Close up showing microfruticose, coral-like squamules; scale in D = 0.1 mm, scale in E = 0.2 mm. Photos by V. Marcano." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380974/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). This is the first record of the genus
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43AFFC4C18EF885FE32E325" box="[250,439,1860,1886]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Cyphellostereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43AFFC4C18EF885FE32E325" box="[250,439,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Cyphellostereum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF43AFFC4C0AEF885FDC8E325" box="[474,589,1860,1886]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AE996534F43AFFC5C1C9F8A9FC23E63F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="210" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43AFFC5C1C9F8A9FD13E533" blockId="10.[136,1452,1716,2066]" lastBlockId="11.[136,1452,158,581]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="210" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">
Remarks:—Morphologically,
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43AFFC4C363F8A9FD39E3F9" box="[535,700,1896,1922]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Cyphellostereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="mucuyense">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43AFFC4C363F8A9FD39E3F9" box="[535,700,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">C. mucuyense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a typical representative species of
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43AFFC4C5D6F8A9FADAE3F9" box="[1186,1375,1896,1922]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Cyphellostereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43AFFC4C5D6F8A9FADAE3F9" box="[1186,1375,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Cyphellostereum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is characterized by an appressed filamentous thallus, a distinct, thin hypothallus, clamp connections, resupinate basidiomata (hymenophore) and absence of jigsaw-puzzle-shaped hyphal cells. Morphologically it resembles
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43AFFC4C1FCF814FC87E395" authority="Lucking, Dal Forno &amp; Lawrey" authorityName="Lucking, Dal Forno &amp; Lawrey" box="[136,770,2004,2030]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="metallicum">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43AFFC4C1FCF814FE10E395" box="[136,405,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Dictyonema metallicum</emphasis>
Lücking, Dal Forno &amp; Lawrey
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43AFFC4C267F815FBB6E395" author="Lucking, R. &amp; Dal Forno, M. &amp; Lawrey, J. D. &amp; Bungartz, F. &amp; Rojas, M. E. H. &amp; Hernandez M. &amp; J. E &amp; Marcelli, M. P. &amp; Moncada, B. &amp; Morales, E. A. &amp; Nelsen, M. P. &amp; Paz, E. &amp; Salcedo, L. &amp; Spielmann, A. A. &amp; Will-Wolf, S. &amp; Yanez-Ayabaca, A." box="[787,1075,2004,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref17382" refString="Lucking, R., Dal Forno, M., Lawrey, J. D., Bungartz, F., Rojas, M. E. H., Hernandez M., J. E., Marcelli, M. P., Moncada, B., Morales, E. A., Nelsen, M. P., Paz, E., Salcedo, L., Spielmann, A. A., WilK, K., Will-Wolf, S. &amp; Yanez-Ayabaca, A. (2013 a) Ten new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Dictyonema and Cora (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), with a key to all accepted genera and species in the Dictyonema clade. Phytotaxa 139: 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 139.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
Lücking
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43AFFC4C208F814FC32E395" box="[892,951,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">et al.</emphasis>
2013a: 22
</bibRefCitation>
) in having appressed, horizontal fibrils and absence of a discernible medulla. The latter differs in the presence of a prothallus, an irregular photobiont layer, the dark greenish color of the cyanobacterial photobiont, a hyphal sheath formed by jigsaw-puzzle-shaped cells, and the absence of clamp connections.
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C30BFF03FC3BE4A7" box="[639,958,194,220]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Cyphellostereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="mucuyense">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C30BFF03FC3BE4A7" box="[639,958,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Cyphellostereum mucuyense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could also be confused with
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C471FF02FE68E57B" authority="Lucking, Spielmann &amp; Marcelli" authorityName="Lucking, Spielmann &amp; Marcelli" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="obscuratum">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C471FF02FA2EE4A7" box="[1285,1451,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">D. obscuratum</emphasis>
Lücking, Spielmann &amp; Marcelli
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43BFFC5C08EFF27FC8BE57B" author="Lucking, R. &amp; Dal Forno, M. &amp; Lawrey, J. D. &amp; Bungartz, F. &amp; Rojas, M. E. H. &amp; Hernandez M. &amp; J. E &amp; Marcelli, M. P. &amp; Moncada, B. &amp; Morales, E. A. &amp; Nelsen, M. P. &amp; Paz, E. &amp; Salcedo, L. &amp; Spielmann, A. A. &amp; Will-Wolf, S. &amp; Yanez-Ayabaca, A." box="[506,782,230,256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref17382" refString="Lucking, R., Dal Forno, M., Lawrey, J. D., Bungartz, F., Rojas, M. E. H., Hernandez M., J. E., Marcelli, M. P., Moncada, B., Morales, E. A., Nelsen, M. P., Paz, E., Salcedo, L., Spielmann, A. A., WilK, K., Will-Wolf, S. &amp; Yanez-Ayabaca, A. (2013 a) Ten new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Dictyonema and Cora (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), with a key to all accepted genera and species in the Dictyonema clade. Phytotaxa 139: 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 139.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
Lücking
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C314FF26FD1DE57B" box="[608,664,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">et al.</emphasis>
2013a: 24
</bibRefCitation>
) as both species are characterized by a strongly compressed mat of irregularly arranged, densely interwoven fibrils, but the latter species forms jigsaw-puzzle-shaped cells and lacks clamp connections (Lücking
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C37AFEEEFDC2E533" box="[526,583,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">et al.</emphasis>
2013).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF43BFFC5C1C9FE93FC23E63F" blockId="11.[136,1452,158,581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
Anatomically,
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C013FE92FD82E517" box="[359,519,339,365]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Cyphellostereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="mucuyense">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C013FE92FD82E517" box="[359,519,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">C. mucuyense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
agrees with other
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C39CFE93FB84E517" box="[744,1025,338,364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C39CFE93FC20E517" box="[744,933,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Cyphellostereum</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in the simple hyphal sheath around the cyanobacterial filaments, the comparatively narrow filament cells, and the absence of haustoria (
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43BFFC5C46AFEB7FF46E5CF" author="Yanez, A. &amp; Dal Forno, M. &amp; Bungartz, F. &amp; Lucking, R. &amp; Lawrey, J. D." pageId="11" pageNumber="210" pagination="225 - 244" refId="ref20401" refString="Yanez, A., Dal Forno, M., Bungartz, F., Lucking, R. &amp; Lawrey, J. D. (2012) A first assessment of Galapagos basidiolichens. Fungal Diversity 52: 225 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1639 / 0007 - 2745 - 117.4.368" type="journal article" year="2012">
Yanez
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C41BFEB6FA29E5EB" box="[1391,1452,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43BFFC5C1BBFE5BFE39E5CF" author="Lucking, R. &amp; Dal Forno, M. &amp; Lawrey, J. D. &amp; Bungartz, F. &amp; Rojas, M. E. H. &amp; Hernandez M. &amp; J. E &amp; Marcelli, M. P. &amp; Moncada, B. &amp; Morales, E. A. &amp; Nelsen, M. P. &amp; Paz, E. &amp; Salcedo, L. &amp; Spielmann, A. A. &amp; Will-Wolf, S. &amp; Yanez-Ayabaca, A." box="[207,444,410,436]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref17382" refString="Lucking, R., Dal Forno, M., Lawrey, J. D., Bungartz, F., Rojas, M. E. H., Hernandez M., J. E., Marcelli, M. P., Moncada, B., Morales, E. A., Nelsen, M. P., Paz, E., Salcedo, L., Spielmann, A. A., WilK, K., Will-Wolf, S. &amp; Yanez-Ayabaca, A. (2013 a) Ten new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Dictyonema and Cora (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), with a key to all accepted genera and species in the Dictyonema clade. Phytotaxa 139: 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 139.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
Lücking
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C040FE5AFEEBE5CF" box="[308,366,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">et al.</emphasis>
2013a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43BFFC5C0BDFE5BFDFAE5CE" author="Dal Forno, M." box="[457,639,410,437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref15364" refString="Dal Forno, M. (2015) Evolution and Diversity of the basidiolichen clade Dictyonema (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae). PhD Dissertation, pp. 1 - 294." type="book chapter" year="2015">Dal Forno 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43BFFC5C3F8FE5BFC06E5CF" author="Dal Forno, M. &amp; Lawrey, J. D. &amp; Sikaroodi, M. &amp; Bhattarai, S. &amp; Gillevet, P. M. &amp; Sulzbacher, M. &amp; Lucking, R." box="[652,899,410,437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" pagination="584 - 598" refId="ref15395" refString="Dal Forno, M., Lawrey, J. D., Sikaroodi, M., Bhattarai, S., Gillevet, P. M., Sulzbacher, M. &amp; Lucking, R. (2013) Starting from scratch: evolution of the lichen thallus in the basidiolichen Dictyonema (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae). Fungal Biology 117: 584 - 598. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. funbio. 2013.05.006" type="journal article" year="2013">
Dal Forno
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C273FE5AFCC5E5CF" box="[775,832,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43BFFC5C2FBFE5BFC49E5CF" author="Dal Forno, M. &amp; Lucking, R. &amp; Bungartz, F. &amp; Yanez-Ayabaca, A. &amp; Marcelli, M. &amp; Speilmann, A. A. &amp; Coca, L. F. &amp; Chaves, J. L. &amp; Aptroot, A. &amp; Sipman, H. J. M. &amp; Gillevet, P. &amp; Lawrey, J. D." box="[911,972,410,436]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" pagination="38 - 55" refId="ref15478" refString="Dal Forno, M., Lucking, R., Bungartz, F., Yanez-Ayabaca, A., Marcelli, M., Speilmann, A. A., Coca, L. F., Chaves, J. L., Aptroot, A., Sipman, H. J. M., Gillevet, P. &amp; Lawrey, J. D. (2016) From one six: Unrecognized species diversity in the genus Acantholichen (lichenized Basidiomycota: Hygrophoraceae). Mycologia 108 (1): 38 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3852 / 15 - 060" type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
). The tiny fibrils of
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C5C4FE5AFAC9E5CF" box="[1200,1356,411,437]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Cyphellostereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="mucuyense">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C5C4FE5AFAC9E5CF" box="[1200,1356,411,437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">C. mucuyense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also reminiscent of those of
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C0EAFE7FFDDEE5A3" box="[414,603,446,472]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Cyphellostereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C0EAFE7FFDDEE5A3" box="[414,603,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Cyphellostereum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the resupinate-corticioid hymenophore is more reminiscent of
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C1FCFE22FECEE587" box="[136,331,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C1FCFE22FE8AE587" box="[136,271,483,508]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Dictyonema</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFC457D6F43BFFC5C063FE22FECEE587" box="[279,331,483,508]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" sensu="stricto">s.str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43BFFC5C02EFE23FDF1E587" author="Lucking, R. &amp; Timdal, E." box="[346,628,482,508]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" pagination="191 - 199" refId="ref17759" refString="Lucking, R. &amp; Timdal, E. (2016) New species of Dictyonema and Cyphellostereum (lichenized Basidiomycota: Hygrophoraceae) from tropical Africa and the Indian Ocean, dedicated to the late Hildur Krog. Willdenowia 46: 191 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.3372 / wi. 46.46115" type="journal article" year="2016">Lücking &amp; Timdal 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Another species confirmed in the latter genus based on molecular data,
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C1FCFDC6FE97E65B" box="[136,274,518,544]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="huaorani">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C1FCFDC6FE97E65B" box="[136,274,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">D. huaorani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also lacks jigsaw-puzzle-shaped hyphal cells and haustoria (
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF43BFFC5C2B7FDC7FB22E65B" author="Schmull, M. &amp; Dal Forno, M. &amp; Lucking, R. &amp; Cao, S. &amp; Clardy, J. &amp; Lawrey, J. D." box="[963,1191,518,544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" pagination="386 - 394" refId="ref19716" refString="Schmull, M., Dal Forno, M., Lucking, R., Cao, S., Clardy, J. &amp; Lawrey, J. D. (2014) Dictyonema huaorani (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), a new lichenized basidiomycete from Amazonian Ecuador with presumed hallucinogenic properties. The Bryologist 117: 386 - 394. https: // doi. org / 10.1639 / 0007 - 2745 - 117.4.386" type="journal article" year="2014">
Schmull
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C55EFDC6FBE6E65B" box="[1066,1123,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Molecular studies are needed to determine the position of this taxon in the
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF43BFFC5C3A1FDEAFCD9E63F" box="[725,860,555,580]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF43BFFC5C3A1FDEAFCD9E63F" box="[725,860,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">Dictyonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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