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<document id="1E0A29C72D7F30475479D6775583E1C4" ID-CLB-Dataset="8252" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4860.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1150cf0d-33e8-45c8-baf1-c9dafa9e2693" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4537555" ID-ZooBank="B56DDE49-7959-41D8-B412-DB82B666D24F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609702272413" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mezali, Karim, Thandar, Ahmed S. &amp; Khodja, Ihcene" docDate="2020" docId="314C87C5FFFE353FECF26FF03F8EFE3E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4860.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4860 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paraleptopentacta tergestina Mezali, Thandar &amp; Khodja, 2020, n. comb." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="208" masterDocId="CD75FFBDFFF93536EC656F2F3C01FFC8" masterDocTitle="Paraleptopentacta, a new Mediterranean and north-west Atlantic sea cucumber genus, with the first record of P. tergestina n. comb. (Echinodermata Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) from the north-western Algerian coast" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="199" pageNumber="206" updateTime="1698851918434" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C2D9D08FF750AC68CA407D60806CD0C5">Paraleptopentacta, a new Mediterranean and north-west Atlantic sea cucumber genus, with the first record of P. tergestina n. comb. (Echinodermata Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) from the north-western Algerian coast</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DE846C920EA803EED259E4EFC3C2EF34">Mezali, Karim</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E8F23DE6F33E42D3CA0E104632455EFA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7222-9002</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="041D878EB581F7CD263147A80754632D">Protection, Valorization of Coastal Marine Resources and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University-Mostaganem, PO Box 227, Route nationale N ° 11, Kharrouba, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E98ED0313BFAF3CA2EFE4A36696BAAAA" type="email">karim.mezali@univ-mosta.dz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="48D01B358CCCBA1858F07B2863759578">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="03A37487D66E9A5BC4718FB3C34AA6DC">School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P / Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A894193327DCA713C84D1DE295CC5700" type="email">thandara@ukzn.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="26A872F445FE140E123235D44FA60D13">Khodja, Ihcene</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="10A1FCFBC49F5930A2606E0A5F266D1F" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3905-974X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C16D06AE4AFB4158756D7A37382600BA">Protection, Valorization of Coastal Marine Resources and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University-Mostaganem, PO Box 227, Route nationale N ° 11, Kharrouba, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria. &amp; ihcene. khodja. etu @ univ-mosta. dz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3905 - 974 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CADE1F2156C8E5B077A0819CBD87E66F" type="email">ihcene.khodja.etu@univ-mosta.dz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="1C1908781F8910CFDBC8B36144B0F02A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="723A6C537AC906D13CA4F42A780D98AC">2020-10-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="29B5EAF8141C36AE14AC46400F752C57">4860</mods:number>
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<treatment id="314C87C5FFFE353FECF26FF03F8EFE3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537687" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177323884" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4537687" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314C87C5FFFE353FECF26FF03F8EFE3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/314C87C5FFFE353FECF26FF03F8EFE3E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<subSubSection id="F1FF6558FFFE3531ECF26FF03EFEFF31" box="[151,767,223,250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B95A36D3FFFE3531ECF26FF03EFEFF31" blockId="7.[151,767,223,285]" box="[151,767,223,250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<heading id="E21281BFFFFE3531ECF26FF03EFEFF31" bold="true" box="[151,767,223,250]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" reason="1">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531ECF26FF03EFEFF31" bold="true" box="[151,767,223,250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFFE3531ECF26FF03DF3FF31" ID-CoL="84BY7" authorityName="Mezali &amp; Thandar &amp; Khodja" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Mezali &amp; Thandar &amp; Khodja" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[151,498,223,250]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Paraleptopentacta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tergestina" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531ECF26FF03DF3FF31" bold="true" box="[151,498,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Paraleptopentacta tergestina</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="90A257BAFFFE3531ED9C6FF03E62FF31" box="[505,611,223,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531EE166FF03EF6FF31" author="Sars, M." box="[627,759,223,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" pagination="57 - 155" refId="ref8387" refString="Sars, M. (1859) Bidrag til Kundskaben om Middelhavets Littoral Fauna, Reisebemaerkningerfra Italien. (2 den Afhandling). Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 10 (1), 57 - 155." type="journal article" year="1859">Sars, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F1FF6558FFFE3531ECF26E2C3D1DFED5" box="[151,284,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" type="description">
<paragraph id="B95A36D3FFFE3531ECF26E2C3D1DFED5" blockId="7.[151,767,223,285]" box="[151,284,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<figureCitation id="21DE2A56FFFE3531ECF26E2C3D1DFED5" box="[151,284,259,285]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1295,1319]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1925,1949]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,250,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1429,531,1265]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,834,1900]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1436,381,1507]" captionTargetId-0="figure-189@1.[151,1435,525,1272]" captionTargetId-1="figure-196@7.[151,1436,833,1901]" captionTargetId-2="figure-109@8.[151,1436,381,1508]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Geographical location of the Paraleptopentacta (n. gen.) tergestina n. comb. sampling area (actual area indicated by the black square)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. A. Paraleptopentacta (n. gen.) tergestina n. comb. individual preserved in ethanol; B. Living specimen displaying its clear, dendritic tentacles and elongated podia; C. Stretching and twisting of a live specimen in the aquarium. Scale bar = 1 cm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Ossicles of different regions of the body of P. tergestina n. comb. A. Anterior end; B. Dorsal surface (inset shows rosette and basket); C. Ventral surface; D. Anal region (inset shows baskets, small plates and rosettes); E. Podia; F. Tentacles; G. Introvert. Scale bar represents 100 µm. H. Calcareous ring (mid-dorsal interrradial and adjoining radial plates)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537557" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537559" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537561" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4537557/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4537559/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4537561/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1FF6558FFFE3531ECF26E673EB6FE55" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B95A36D3FFFE3531ECF26E673F22FE97" blockId="7.[151,803,327,413]" box="[151,803,327,352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="99F511FDFFFE3531ECF26E673F22FE97" box="[151,803,327,352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<treatmentCitation id="384410C2FFFE3531ECF26E673E1DFEA8" author="Sars, M." box="[151,540,327,352]" page="127" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" year="1859">
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFFE3531ECF26E673E1DFEA8" ID-CoL="570485a9-7732-4d56-9dd9-4be4a8c60133" authority="Sars, 1859: 127" authorityName="Sars" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,540,327,352]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tergestina">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531ECF26E673D75FE97" box="[151,372,328,351]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Cucumaria tergestina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531ED1F6E673E1DFEA8" author="Sars, M." box="[378,540,327,352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" pagination="57 - 155" refId="ref8387" refString="Sars, M. (1859) Bidrag til Kundskaben om Middelhavets Littoral Fauna, Reisebemaerkningerfra Italien. (2 den Afhandling). Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 10 (1), 57 - 155." type="journal article" year="1859">Sars, 1859: 127</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="384410C2FFFE3531EE436E673F1EFE97" author="Koehler, R." box="[550,799,327,352]" page="158" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" year="1921">
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531EE436E673F1EFE97" author="Koehler, R." box="[550,799,327,352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" pagination="210" refId="ref7507" refString="Koehler, R. (1921) Faune de France. In: Lechevalier, P. (Eds.), Echinoderms. P. Lechevalier, Paris, pp. x- 210." type="book chapter" year="1921">Koehler, 1921: 158–160</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B95A36D3FFFE3531ECF26E493E88FEB6" blockId="7.[151,803,327,413]" box="[151,649,358,382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="99F511FDFFFE3531ECF26E493E88FEB6" box="[151,649,358,382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<treatmentCitation id="384410C2FFFE3531ECF26E493E84FEB6" author="Tortonese, E." box="[151,645,358,382]" page="85" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFFE3531ECF26E493E84FEB6" authority="Tortonese, 1965: 83 - 85" authorityName="Tortonese" authorityPageNumber="83 - 85" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,645,358,382]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachythyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tergestina">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531ECF26E493D8AFEB6" box="[151,395,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Trachythyone tergestina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531EDF76E483E84FEB6" author="Tortonese, E." box="[402,645,358,382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" refId="ref8851" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna d'Italia Vol. 6 (VI). Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 419 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese, 1965: 83–85</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B95A36D3FFFE3531ECF26EA93EB6FE55" blockId="7.[151,803,327,413]" box="[151,695,389,413]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="99F511FDFFFE3531ECF26EA93EB6FE55" box="[151,695,389,413]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<treatmentCitation id="384410C2FFFE3531ECF26EA93E53FE55" author="Panning, A." box="[151,594,389,413]" page="62" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" year="1966">
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFFE3531ECF26EA93E53FE55" ID-CoL="7VN7X" authority="Panning, 1966: 62" authorityName="Panning" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,594,389,413]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Leptopentacta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tergestina">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531ECF26EA93D93FE55" box="[151,402,390,413]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Leptopentacta tergestina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531EDFC6EAA3E53FE55" author="Panning, A." box="[409,594,389,413]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" pagination="51 - 69" refId="ref8185" refString="Panning, A. (1966) Bermerkungen uber die Holothurien-Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirota) 5 Teil. Die Gattungen Heterothyone (Panning, 1949) und Leptopentacta H. L. Clark (1938). Mitteilungenaus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 63, 51 - 69." type="journal article" year="1966">Panning, 1966: 62</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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(passim).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1FF6558FFFE3531ECF26EE43D7CFD2A" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B95A36D3FFFE3531ECF26EE43937FD51" blockId="7.[151,1437,459,810]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531ECF26EE43D0AFE2D" bold="true" box="[151,267,459,485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFFE3531ED746EE43DE0FE2D" authorityName="Mezali &amp; Thandar &amp; Khodja" authorityYear="2020" box="[273,481,459,485]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Paraleptopentacta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531ED746EE43DE0FE2D" box="[273,481,459,485]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Paraleptopentacta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531ED956EE43E3CFE2D" bold="true" box="[496,573,459,485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">n. gen.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFFE3531EE296EE33EBAFE2D" authorityName="Mezali &amp; Thandar &amp; Khodja" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Mezali &amp; Thandar &amp; Khodja" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[588,699,460,485]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Leptopentacta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tergestina" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531EE296EE33EBAFE2D" box="[588,699,460,485]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">tergestina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531EEA46EE43F24FE2D" bold="true" box="[705,805,459,485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="90A257BAFFFE3531EEA46EE43F24FE2D" box="[705,805,459,485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is a cucumariid sea cucumber, a fairly well known Mediterranean species. Unlike its sister species
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFFE3531EE116EDF3EF0FDC1" authorityName="Duben &amp; Koren" authorityYear="1846" box="[628,753,495,521]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531EE116EDF3EF0FDC1" box="[628,753,495,521]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">P. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has spread into the North-West Atlantic,
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFFE3531E9776EDF399DFDC1" authorityName="Mezali &amp; Thandar &amp; Khodja" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Mezali &amp; Thandar &amp; Khodja" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1298,1436,496,521]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Leptopentacta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tergestina" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531E9776EDF399DFDC1" box="[1298,1436,496,521]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">P. tergestina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531ECF26D3C3CFCFDE5" bold="true" box="[151,253,531,557]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="90A257BAFFFE3531ECF26D3C3CFCFDE5" box="[151,253,531,557]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is restricted to the Mediterranean sea (
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531EECA6D3C3F60FDE6" author="Tortonese, E." box="[687,865,531,558]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" refId="ref8851" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna d'Italia Vol. 6 (VI). Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 419 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese 1965</bibRefCitation>
), being reported from
<collectingCountry id="C1F27643FFFE3531E8396D3B38A9FDE6" box="[1116,1192,532,558]" name="France" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531E8D26D3C3954FDE5" author="Koehler, R." box="[1207,1365,531,557]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" pagination="210" refId="ref7507" refString="Koehler, R. (1921) Faune de France. In: Lechevalier, P. (Eds.), Echinoderms. P. Lechevalier, Paris, pp. x- 210." type="book chapter" year="1921">Koehler 1921</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="C1F27643FFFE3531E90C6D3C399DFDE5" box="[1385,1436,531,557]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531ECFB6D183D51FD9A" author="Tortonese, E." box="[158,336,567,594]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" refId="ref8851" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna d'Italia Vol. 6 (VI). Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 419 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese 1965</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531ED3F6D183D94FD99" author="Tortonese, E." box="[346,405,567,593]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" pagination="333 - 352" refId="ref8877" refString="Tortonese, E. (1977) Recenti acquisisizioni e rettifiche intorno ai Crinoidi, Oloturioidi, ofiuroidi ed Echinoi del Mediterraneo, con particolare riguardo alla fauna italiana. Atti della Societa italiana di scienze naturali, 118 (3 - 4), 333 - 352." type="journal article" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531EDC56D183E8EFD99" author="Milisenda, G. &amp; Vitale, S. &amp; Massi, D. &amp; Enea, M. &amp; Gancitano, V. &amp; Giusto, G. &amp; Badalucco, C. &amp; Gristina, M. &amp; Garofalo, G. &amp; Fiorentino, F." box="[416,655,567,593]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" pagination="53 - 63" refId="ref7820" refString="Milisenda, G., Vitale, S., Massi, D., Enea, M., Gancitano, V., Giusto, G., Badalucco, C., Gristina, M., Garofalo, G. &amp; Fiorentino, F. (2017) Discard composition associated with the deep water rose shrimp fisheries (Parapenaeus longirostris, Lucas 1846) in the south-central Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science, 18 (1), 53 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 1787" type="journal article" year="2017">
Milisenda
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531EE736D173E4CFD99" box="[534,589,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
), the
<collectingCountry id="C1F27643FFFE3531EEAF6D183F0AFD99" box="[714,779,567,593]" name="Malta" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Malta</collectingCountry>
Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531EF0B6D183879FD9A" author="Tanti, C. M. &amp; Schembri, P. J." box="[878,1144,567,594]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" pagination="163 - 165" refId="ref8570" refString="Tanti, C. M. &amp; Schembri, P. J. (2006) A synthesis of the echinoderm fauna of the Maltese islands. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 86, 1, 163 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315406012987" type="journal article" year="2006">Tanti &amp; Schembri 2006</bibRefCitation>
), the Aegean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531E9276D183D4EFDBD" author="Voultsiadou, E. &amp; Fryganiotis, C. &amp; Porra, M. &amp; Damianidis, P. &amp; Chintiroglou, C. - C." pageId="7" pageNumber="206" pagination="73 - 81" refId="ref8926" refString="Voultsiadou, E., Fryganiotis, C., Porra, M., Damianidis, P. &amp; Chintiroglou, C. - C. (2011) Diversity of Invertebrate Discards in Small and Medium Scale Aegean Sea Fisheries. The Open Marine Biology Journal, 5 (1), 73 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2174 / 1874450801105010073" type="journal article" year="2011">
Voultsiadou
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531ECB06D733D0CFDBD" box="[213,269,603,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
), the Adriatic Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531EE416D743EBBFDBD" author="Petovic, S." box="[548,698,603,629]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" pagination="137 - 158" refId="ref8269" refString="Petovic, S. (2011) Contribution to knowledge of Echinodermata of Boka Kotorska bay. Studia Marina, 25 (1), 137 - 158." type="journal article" year="2011">Petovic 2011</bibRefCitation>
) and the Marmara Sea (
<collectingCountry id="C1F27643FFFE3531EFA26D74381AFDBE" box="[967,1051,603,630]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Turkey</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531E8556D72391AFDBD" author="Oztoprak, B. &amp; Dodan, A. &amp; Dadli, E." box="[1072,1307,603,632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" pagination="892 - 900" refId="ref8100" refString="Oztoprak, B., Dodan, A. &amp; Dadli, E. (2014) Checklist of Echinodermata from the coasts of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38, 6, 892 - 900. https: // doi. org / 10.3906 / zoo- 1405 - 82" type="journal article" year="2014">
Öztoprak
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531E8C76D7338DBFDBD" box="[1186,1242,603,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). It is often caught by trawlers as a bycatch, frequenting muddy, detrital waters and
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFFE3531EFD96D50382FFD51" box="[956,1070,639,665]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531EFD96D50382FFD51" box="[956,1070,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Posidonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFFE3531E8016D5038CFFD51" authorityName="J.V.F.Lamouroux" authorityYear="1809" box="[1124,1230,639,665]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531E8016D5038CFFD51" box="[1124,1230,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Caulerpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bottoms.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B95A36D3FFFE3531ECA26D8C3D7CFD2A" blockId="7.[151,1437,459,810]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
The specimens here studied correspond well with the description of the species by
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFFE3531E80F6D8C3917FD75" author="Koehler, R." box="[1130,1302,675,701]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" pagination="210" refId="ref7507" refString="Koehler, R. (1921) Faune de France. In: Lechevalier, P. (Eds.), Echinoderms. P. Lechevalier, Paris, pp. x- 210." type="book chapter" year="1921">Koehler (1921)</bibRefCitation>
and require no further comment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1FF6558FFFE3531ECA26DC43D2AFCE2" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B95A36D3FFFE3531ECA26DC43D2AFCE2" blockId="7.[151,1437,459,810]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531ECA26DC43DAEFCCD" bold="true" box="[199,431,747,773]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="098D3C8EFFFE3531EDD06DC43D2AFCE2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3034598301" collectingDate="2020-03" country="Algeria" elevation="60" latitude="36.106396" location="Mostaganem" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="0.13913684" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Mostaganem">
LPVCMRMS2020.101,
<collectingRegion id="7B21F831FFFE3531EEA36DC33F5BFCCE" box="[710,858,748,774]" country="Algeria" name="Mostaganem" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Mostaganem</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="C1F27643FFFE3531EF046DC43FB9FCCD" box="[865,952,747,773]" name="Algeria" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="DCD15014FFFE3531EFA76DC43866FCCD" box="[962,1127,747,773]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="6.38374" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" precision="1" value="36.106396">36º 6.38374’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="DCD15014FFFE3531E8146DC43902FCCD" box="[1137,1283,747,773]" degrees="0" direction="east" minutes="8.34821" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" precision="1" value="0.13913684">0º 8.34821’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="7E1D9B36FFFE3531E96A6DC43948FCCE" box="[1295,1353,747,774]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" unit="m" value="60.0">
<elevation id="32C8D1E0FFFE3531E96A6DC43948FCCE" box="[1295,1353,747,774]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="CD5B1013FFFE3531E9366DC43CCEFCE1" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" value="2020-03">
<collectingDate id="DD1FE9FBFFFE3531E9366DC43CCEFCE1" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" value="2020-03">March 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="AFE3FD5AFFFE3531ECB86C203D2AFCE2" box="[221,299,783,810]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" type="generic">5 spec.</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="ED9A665BFFFE3531ECF268AA3CBCF82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537559" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4537559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4537559/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" startId="7.[151,250,1925,1949]" targetBox="[151,1436,834,1900]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="B95A36D3FFFE3531ECF268AA3CBCF82C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1925,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531ECF268AA3D31F855" bold="true" box="[151,304,1925,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">FIGURE 2. A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFFE3531ED5068AA3DF3F855" authorityName="Mezali &amp; Thandar &amp; Khodja" authorityYear="2020" box="[309,498,1925,1949]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Paraleptopentacta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531ED5068AA3DF3F855" box="[309,498,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Paraleptopentacta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531EE6568AA3E46F855" bold="true" box="[512,583,1925,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">n. gen.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFFE3531EE3068A93EB8F855" authorityName="Mezali &amp; Thandar &amp; Khodja" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Mezali &amp; Thandar &amp; Khodja" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[597,697,1926,1949]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Leptopentacta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tergestina" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531EE3068A93EB8F855" box="[597,697,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">tergestina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531EEDA68AA3F1AF855" bold="true" box="[703,795,1925,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="90A257BAFFFE3531EEDA68AA3F1AF855" box="[703,795,1925,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
individual preserved in ethanol;
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531E80268AA387FF855" bold="true" box="[1127,1150,1925,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">B.</emphasis>
Living specimen displaying its clear, dendritic tentacles and elongated podia;
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFFE3531EEF468863EA8F809" bold="true" box="[657,681,1961,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">C.</emphasis>
Stretching and twisting of a live specimen in the aquarium. Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="F1FF6558FFF1353FECA26FB93F8EFE3E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" type="description">
<paragraph id="B95A36D3FFF1353EECA26FB93FCDFEAD" blockId="8.[151,1436,150,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF1353EECA26FB93D58FF78" bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Description.</emphasis>
Contracted individuals
<quantity id="7E1D9B36FFF1353EEE026FB93EDDFF79" box="[615,732,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="20.0">20-50 mm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="7E1D9B36FFF1353EEF1A6FB93FF4FF79" box="[895,1013,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10-15 mm</quantity>
in breadth. Body somewhat pentagonal, curved, with a broad mid-body and narrower posterior end. Tegument rigid, smooth, dark brown, interradial areas devoid of pedicels (
<figureCitation id="21DE2A56FFF1353EEDD66FF03E2BFF31" box="[435,554,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,834,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-196@7.[151,1436,833,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Paraleptopentacta (n. gen.) tergestina n. comb. individual preserved in ethanol; B. Living specimen displaying its clear, dendritic tentacles and elongated podia; C. Stretching and twisting of a live specimen in the aquarium. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4537559/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
). Pedicels light brown, rigid, non-retractable, in five double rows arranged in a zigzag fashion, elongated, slender in living specimen and short, thorn-shaped in preserved individuals. Tentacles 10, dendritic, ventral two reduced, white, with brown spots (
<figureCitation id="21DE2A56FFF1353EEF716E083F8BFE89" box="[788,906,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,834,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-196@7.[151,1436,833,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Paraleptopentacta (n. gen.) tergestina n. comb. individual preserved in ethanol; B. Living specimen displaying its clear, dendritic tentacles and elongated podia; C. Stretching and twisting of a live specimen in the aquarium. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4537559/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
). Each tentacle consists of a central trunk from which lateral branches emerge, giving rise to terminal papillate branches.
</paragraph>
<caption id="ED9A665BFFF1353EECF26AD4391EF993" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537561" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4537561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4537561/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" startId="8.[151,250,1531,1555]" targetBox="[156,1436,381,1507]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="B95A36D3FFF1353EECF26AD4391EF993" blockId="8.[151,1437,1531,1628]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF1353EECF26AD43D12F9DB" bold="true" box="[151,275,1531,1555]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Ossicles of different regions of the body of
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFF1353EEEB16AD33F50F9DB" authorityName="Mezali &amp; Thandar &amp; Khodja" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Mezali &amp; Thandar &amp; Khodja" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[724,849,1532,1555]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Leptopentacta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tergestina" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF1353EEEB16AD33F50F9DB" box="[724,849,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">P. tergestina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF1353EEF3D6AD33FD3F9DB" bold="true" box="[856,978,1531,1556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="90A257BAFFF1353EEF3D6AD33FB4F9DC" box="[856,949,1532,1556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A.
</emphasis>
Anterior end;
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF1353EE8026AD3387FF9DC" bold="true" box="[1127,1150,1532,1556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">B.</emphasis>
Dorsal surface (inset shows rosette and basket);
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF1353EED0169303D7CF9FF" bold="true" box="[356,381,1567,1591]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">C.</emphasis>
Ventral surface;
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF1353EEE4E690F3E45F9F0" bold="true" box="[555,580,1568,1592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">D.</emphasis>
Anal region (inset shows baskets, small plates and rosettes);
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF1353EE8D3690F38CCF9F0" bold="true" box="[1206,1229,1568,1592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">E.</emphasis>
Podia;
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF1353EE979690F392EF9F0" bold="true" box="[1308,1327,1568,1592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">F.</emphasis>
Tentacles;
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF1353EECF2696C3CB0F993" bold="true" box="[151,177,1603,1627]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">G.</emphasis>
Introvert. Scale bar represents 100 µm.
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF1353EEE2C696B3E62F994" bold="true" box="[585,611,1604,1628]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">H.</emphasis>
Calcareous ring (mid-dorsal interrradial and adjoining radial plates).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B95A36D3FFF1353FECA269A63928FED5" blockId="8.[151,1437,1673,2024]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,502]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF1353EECA269A63D2CF96B" bold="true" box="[199,301,1673,1699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Ossicles.</emphasis>
Ossicles from the anterior end (
<figureCitation id="21DE2A56FFF1353EEEFE69A53F12F96C" box="[667,787,1674,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,381,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-109@8.[151,1436,381,1508]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ossicles of different regions of the body of P. tergestina n. comb. A. Anterior end; B. Dorsal surface (inset shows rosette and basket); C. Ventral surface; D. Anal region (inset shows baskets, small plates and rosettes); E. Podia; F. Tentacles; G. Introvert. Scale bar represents 100 µm. H. Calcareous ring (mid-dorsal interrradial and adjoining radial plates)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4537561/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
), dorsal surface (
<figureCitation id="21DE2A56FFF1353EEFB369A5384DF96C" box="[982,1100,1674,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,381,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-109@8.[151,1436,381,1508]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ossicles of different regions of the body of P. tergestina n. comb. A. Anterior end; B. Dorsal surface (inset shows rosette and basket); C. Ventral surface; D. Anal region (inset shows baskets, small plates and rosettes); E. Podia; F. Tentacles; G. Introvert. Scale bar represents 100 µm. H. Calcareous ring (mid-dorsal interrradial and adjoining radial plates)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4537561/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Figure 3B</figureCitation>
), ventral surface (
<figureCitation id="21DE2A56FFF1353EE97D69A5398FF96C" box="[1304,1422,1674,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,381,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-109@8.[151,1436,381,1508]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ossicles of different regions of the body of P. tergestina n. comb. A. Anterior end; B. Dorsal surface (inset shows rosette and basket); C. Ventral surface; D. Anal region (inset shows baskets, small plates and rosettes); E. Podia; F. Tentacles; G. Introvert. Scale bar represents 100 µm. H. Calcareous ring (mid-dorsal interrradial and adjoining radial plates)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4537561/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Figure 3C</figureCitation>
), anal region (
<figureCitation id="21DE2A56FFF1353EED4469813D94F900" box="[289,405,1710,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,381,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-109@8.[151,1436,381,1508]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ossicles of different regions of the body of P. tergestina n. comb. A. Anterior end; B. Dorsal surface (inset shows rosette and basket); C. Ventral surface; D. Anal region (inset shows baskets, small plates and rosettes); E. Podia; F. Tentacles; G. Introvert. Scale bar represents 100 µm. H. Calcareous ring (mid-dorsal interrradial and adjoining radial plates)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4537561/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Figure 3D</figureCitation>
) and podia (
<figureCitation id="21DE2A56FFF1353EEE7A69813E91F900" box="[543,656,1710,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,381,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-109@8.[151,1436,381,1508]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ossicles of different regions of the body of P. tergestina n. comb. A. Anterior end; B. Dorsal surface (inset shows rosette and basket); C. Ventral surface; D. Anal region (inset shows baskets, small plates and rosettes); E. Podia; F. Tentacles; G. Introvert. Scale bar represents 100 µm. H. Calcareous ring (mid-dorsal interrradial and adjoining radial plates)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4537561/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Figure 3E</figureCitation>
) appear identical, without any noticeable differences. They include an external layer of small baskets and an inner layer of thick, multilocular, non-imbricating plates of various sizes, with smooth margins and nearly always with a paired series of small holes, plates of the dorsal surface are smaller and thinner than those of the ventral surface. The plates occur in a variety of shapes, usually elongated, but often round- ed or oval, the elongated ones are the most abundant with a maximum length of
<quantity id="7E1D9B36FFF1353EE8716811389DF890" box="[1044,1180,1854,1880]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.44901" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="844.901">844.901 µm</quantity>
and a maximum width of
<quantity id="7E1D9B36FFF1353EECD0684D3D3CF8B4" box="[181,317,1890,1916]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69774" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="169.774">169.774 µm</quantity>
[according to
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFF1353EEDBB684D3E8DF8B4" author="Koehler, R." box="[478,652,1890,1916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" pagination="210" refId="ref7507" refString="Koehler, R. (1921) Faune de France. In: Lechevalier, P. (Eds.), Echinoderms. P. Lechevalier, Paris, pp. x- 210." type="book chapter" year="1921">Koehler (1921)</bibRefCitation>
, they can reach up to
<quantity id="7E1D9B36FFF1353EEF18684E3FD2F8B4" box="[893,979,1889,1916]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="7E1D9B36FFF1353EEF84684E3840F8B4" box="[993,1089,1889,1916]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="1500.0">1500µm</quantity>
) in length]. The baskets have a quadrilocular base and a rim bordered by numerous thick projections directed outward and inward. The baskets occur dorsally and at the anal end. The rosettes are characteristic of this species and do not occur in the congenerics but are present in at least one species of
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFF1353EEE4B68E13ECFF82F" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[558,718,1998,2023]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Leptopentacta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF1353EEE4B68E13ECFF82F" box="[558,718,1998,2023]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Leptopentacta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(s.s.). They occur in the dorsal body wall and in the anal region. The body wall also contains rods, which are present at the anterior end, in the anal region, the podia and tentacles. The tentacles (
<figureCitation id="21DE2A56FFF0353FED5C6F943DA8FF1D" box="[313,425,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,381,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-109@8.[151,1436,381,1508]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ossicles of different regions of the body of P. tergestina n. comb. A. Anterior end; B. Dorsal surface (inset shows rosette and basket); C. Ventral surface; D. Anal region (inset shows baskets, small plates and rosettes); E. Podia; F. Tentacles; G. Introvert. Scale bar represents 100 µm. H. Calcareous ring (mid-dorsal interrradial and adjoining radial plates)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4537561/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">Figure 3F</figureCitation>
) contain plates like those of the body wall and curved, thin rods provided with a few perforations, whereas only perforated plates like those of the body wall characterize the introvert (
<figureCitation id="21DE2A56FFF0353FE8C76FF03918FF31" box="[1186,1305,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,381,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-109@8.[151,1436,381,1508]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ossicles of different regions of the body of P. tergestina n. comb. A. Anterior end; B. Dorsal surface (inset shows rosette and basket); C. Ventral surface; D. Anal region (inset shows baskets, small plates and rosettes); E. Podia; F. Tentacles; G. Introvert. Scale bar represents 100 µm. H. Calcareous ring (mid-dorsal interrradial and adjoining radial plates)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4537561/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">Figure 3G</figureCitation>
). The podia also contain plates of different shapes like those of the body wall as well as rods; end plates are reduced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B95A36D3FFF0353FECA26E093F8EFE3E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF0353FECA26E093D42FE88" bold="true" box="[199,323,294,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">Behaviour</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF0353FED316E083DA7FE88" box="[340,422,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">in vitro</emphasis>
). The specimen kept alive in a tank usually adheres to the wall of the tank with its posterior end while waving and twisting the unattached end freely in the water column (
<figureCitation id="21DE2A56FFF0353FE8276E6438B8FEAD" box="[1090,1209,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,834,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-196@7.[151,1436,833,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Paraleptopentacta (n. gen.) tergestina n. comb. individual preserved in ethanol; B. Living specimen displaying its clear, dendritic tentacles and elongated podia; C. Stretching and twisting of a live specimen in the aquarium. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4537559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4537559/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
). This behavior was described by
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFF0353FED4E6E403DF0FE42" author="Monticelli, F. S." box="[299,497,367,394]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" pagination="231 - 239" refId="ref8057" refString="Monticelli, F. S. (1896) Sull' autotomia delle Cucumaria planci (Br.). Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei. Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Rendiconti, 5, 231 - 239." type="journal article" year="1896">Monticelli (1896)</bibRefCitation>
as one of the three autotomy mechanisms in
<taxonomicName id="7EE54D50FFF0353FEF826E403929FE41" authority="(Brandt, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[999,1320,366,393]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="planci">
<emphasis id="8B91EAC1FFF0353FEF826E40387AFE41" box="[999,1147,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">Ocnus planci</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFF0353FE8EF6E403921FE41" author="Brandt, J. F." box="[1162,1312,366,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" pagination="42 - 62" refId="ref6809" refString="Brandt, J. F. (1835) Echinodermata ordo Holothurina. In: Brandt, J. F. (Eds.), Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium ab H. Mertensio in Orbis Terrarum Circumnavigatione Observatorum. Fascic. I. Sumptibus academiae, Petropoli, pp. 42 - 62." type="book chapter" year="1835">Brandt, 1835</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, of fission by constriction and stretching. According to
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFF0353FEEFC6EBC3F42FE65" author="Crozier, W. J." box="[665,835,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" pagination="560 - 566" refId="ref7017" refString="Crozier, W. J. (1917) Multiplication by fission in holothurians. The American Naturalist, 51, 609, 560 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 279631" type="journal article" year="1917">Crozier (1917)</bibRefCitation>
, sometimes the posterior part, which is glued to the substrate, can divide again. When exposed to intense light the tentacles retract, which may indicate that the species exhibits the “shade-seeking” behavior described by
<bibRefCitation id="DD744B22FFF0353FEEB96EF43F8AFE3E" author="Yoshida, M." box="[732,907,475,502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" pagination="435 - 64" refId="ref9101" refString="Yoshida, M. (1966) Photosensitivity. In: Boolootian, R. A. (Eds.), Physiology of Echinodermata. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 435 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1966">Yoshida (1966)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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