988 lines
155 KiB
XML
988 lines
155 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.74.e113347" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-74-303" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0B76909AFD0156D3823C1C1DB3638C2B" ID-ZooBank="BB7F8D5AAFCD4FF8A416F4120501195C" ModsDocID="2625-8498-74-303" checkinTime="1712322591420" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Idiiatullina, Sabira S., Nguyen, Tan Van, Pawangkhanant, Parinya, Suwannapoom, Chatmongkon, Chanhome, Lawan, Mirza, Zeeshan A., David, Patrick, Vogel, Gernot & Poyarkov, Nikolay A." docDate="2024" docId="55DB53025F235542830F57C4E78690A6" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 74: 303-342" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 74" docPubDate="2024-04-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.74.e113347" docTitle="Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith 1937" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="0B76909AFD0156D3823C1C1DB3638C2B" lastPageNumber="303" masterDocId="0B76909AFD0156D3823C1C1DB3638C2B" masterDocTitle="An integrative taxonomic revision of the Trimeresurus popeiorum group of pitvipers (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) with descriptions of two new species from the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="303" pageNumber="303" updateTime="1712322591420" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="F588E2F19149B29F3142D2D732466688">An integrative taxonomic revision of the Trimeresurus popeiorum group of pitvipers (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) with descriptions of two new species from the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA38719C4DAEFA23E8F2AC7E3FDDE82F">Idiiatullina, Sabira S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="05174AF9A2DBE375727955B468394CC9">Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="62772C6F8A9C25410C526059701C47EF">Nguyen, Tan Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="425F82C269D934E66E183794B033A71B">College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 120 Hoang Minh Thao, Lien Chieu, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam & Rabbit in the Moon Foundation, Suanphueng, Ratchaburi 70180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="0D761033652E17118EA7258399747547">Division of Fishery, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="688654FEF8F8A3974C084D7438A21090">Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A5C3A6C7828C4BD5E241A6D22CB55F38">David, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F6402A8FA0A661EBB78EB01F05168373">Reptiles & Amphibiens, Institut de Systematique, Evolution et Biodiversite (ISYEB), Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universite, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Universite des Antilles, CNRS, CP 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75005 Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="ADC372A774180D096F4BE8F26DAF97E3">Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia & Society for South East Asian Herpetology, Im Sand 3, 69115 Heidelberg, Germanya</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8DD8AE57B540F391A926FD809593A833" type="email">n.poyarkov@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<taxonomicName id="D2C43F085E3653E67E54E5DC4811FF9F" ID-CoL="7CTN6" LSID="55DB5302-5F23-5542-830F-57C4E78690A6" authority="Smith, 1937" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="452BE2C995D850F72154D480E4AEA099" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1946.1.19.20 (holotype of Trimesurus elegans, subadult female) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Lateral view of the head, left side. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019993" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Figs 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="A7492FD439C4A56956A41D4B7973B546" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1872.4.17.137 (Lectotype, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Latero-ventral view of the tail. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019994" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="F5491A56C5401AE6E7269A18D8BBA354" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen CIB DL 201070102 (Paratype of T. yingjiangensis, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Lateral view of the head, right side; D Lateral view of the head, left side; E Dorsal view of the head; F Ventral view of the head; G Latero-ventral aspect of the body; H Latero-ventral aspect of the tail. Photos by G. Vogel." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019995" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="324583F58C64309E43716C1F54089F52" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trimeresurus popeiorum, T. nebularis, and T. phuketensis in life. - Trimeresurus popeiorum: A Buxa Tiger Reserve, West Bengal, India (adult male); B Karimganj, Assam, India (adult female); C Aizawl, Mizoram, India (adult female); D Inn Gyin Taung Mt., Kachin, Myanmar (male); E Yingjiang, Yunnan, China (adult male); T. nebularis: F, G Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia (adult male and adult female, respectively); T. phuketensis: H Phuket Is., Phuket, Thailand (adult male); I Sri Phang Nga NP, Phang Nga, Thailand (adult male). Photos by: P. Ray (A), R. Gassah (B), G. Vogel (C, E-G), N. A. Poyarkov (D), R. Grassby-Lewis (H), and S. Plongnui (I)" figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019996" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">, 7A-E; Tables S3, S4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="3FF082E13F02C93360A4AC94A85B02AC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimesurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimesurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trimesurus</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="4745A187193127BDECD2BAA42CE99891" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Synonymy.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="99D1DCF469AD8981A4ACD644085F63A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
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<taxonomicName id="125AA42A52A796D590475076F545E547" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimesurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimesurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trimesurus</taxonomicName>
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[sic]
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<taxonomicName id="FBD78DEED30B593D7D4612946383946A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1853" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">Trimeresurus elegans</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1853: 391. - Holotype: NHMUK 1946.1.19.20, a subadult female from
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<normalizedToken id="68168CD9D9FEC10160F707AC9D9FFEE7" originalValue="“Sikkim”">"Sikkim"</normalizedToken>
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, India, donated by Joseph D. Hooker. A nomen dubium based on its original description, but here considered both a senior subjective synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="2E5CF5A1F1C9E4CFE5A467B59357E7D6" family="Viperidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="popeiorum">T. popeiorum</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1937 and a nomen oblitum after examination of the holotype (see below.)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F2E0D9C4F9CBF1DCF3665E555B1974AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
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<taxonomicName id="EF68CE0BA7E5FA644D634FDC0C9F7078" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">Trimeresurus popeiorum</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1937: 730. - Lectotype: NHMUK 1872.4.17.137A, an adult male from "Khasi Hills" [Meghalaya State, India; ca.
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,
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], donated by Thomas C. Jerdon; designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="2ABC0F7DF8E2BD79AE5108856623CA18" author="Taylor, EH" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="1033 - 1189" refId="B134" refString="Taylor, EH, Elbel, RE, 1958. Contribution to the herpetology of Thailand. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 38: 1033 - 1189" title="Contribution to the herpetology of Thailand." volume="38" year="1958">Taylor and Elbel (1958</bibRefCitation>
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: 1174).
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="CA95006DA0C48961058CB130D2514797" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus yingjiangensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yingjiangensis">Trimeresurus yingjiangensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="14F9BEEBEA0B03650F67165468AB62C5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" author="Chen, Z" journalOrPublisher="Asian Herpetological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="13 - 23" refId="B15" refString="Chen, Z, Zhang, L, Shi, J, Tang, Y, Guo, Y, Song, Z, Ding, L, 2019. A new species of the genus Trimeresurus from southwest China (Squamata: Viperidae). Asian Herpetological Research 10: 13 - 23, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" title="A new species of the genus Trimeresurus from southwest China (Squamata: Viperidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" volume="10" year="2019">Chen et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 9. - Holotype: CIB DL2017070101, an adult male from Heihe Village, Kachang Town, Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="859098431253F8CAACE85C8A3467A098" degrees="24.782" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="24.782">24.782°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="606E3738B2EE142959F2088C689F3228" degrees="97.878" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="97.878">97.878°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; elevation 1112 m). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E3794972648FED2ED8E593E033AD3488" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" author="Mirza, ZA" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="91 - 104" refId="B91" refString="Mirza, ZA, Lalremsanga, HT, Bhosale, H, Gowande, G, Patel, Harshil, Idiiatullina, SS, Poyarkov, NA, 2023. Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 sensu lato. Evolutionary Systematics 7: 91 - 104, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" title="Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 sensu lato." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" volume="7" year="2023">Mirza et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, a subjective junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="100C59F6368F8A80BD8E084D37429961" family="Viperidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="popeiorum">T. popeiorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smith, 1937.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4EDAB58B64879AB8BAEE9B4712843D7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6AC49AD1F1C13FD7A3FFCD0C7CEC3062" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="87704A46700904088831A20AF04F31E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
The species name is a patronym, in genitive plural, created in honour of Clifford H. Pope (1899-1974) and his wife Sarah H. Pope (1901-1995); see below for a discussion of the correct spelling. We recommend the following common names for this species: "Pō
|
||
<normalizedToken id="22E1C9AE6C7F2D3B74B41584F7FD27C3" originalValue="pǔ">pǔ</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3846303F38217F35E3D0E55F9B17E443" originalValue="zhú">zhu</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="40678BD1974E8103E77DD68BE9EB55CB" originalValue="yè">ye</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3A0A9E3FA5A48302EF108AFC94AA77E0" originalValue="qīng”">qīng"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(坡普竹叶青) (in Chinese),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2F7AB9A354234B03EBDAFFFB5E214133" originalValue="“Pope’s">"Pope's</normalizedToken>
|
||
green pitviper" (in English), "Ngu Khiew Hang Mai Thong Khiew Assam" (งูเขียวหางไหม้ท้องเขียวอัสสัม) (in Thai),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="75851F5CA078B4AB727C8302F19B90E4" originalValue="“Trimérésure">"Trimeresure</normalizedToken>
|
||
vert des Pope" (in French), "Popes Bambusotter" (in German), and "Bambukovaya kufiya Poupov" (in Russian).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3C13A824CFBAD1B72F90D0A0AB98919F" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="systematics and nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="19D8F4A94C937C5B0CE5CF7207D3D956" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Systematics and nomenclature.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="73FD89CBFF3A0E0CAEEA963C1B9524E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
Before
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4BB7136DD267420EA20F20A41A80D50A" author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="730 - 731" refId="B122" refString="Smith, MA, 1937. The names of two Indian vipers. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 39: 730 - 731" title="The names of two Indian vipers." volume="39" year="1937">Smith (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD4C90C7BE96D3410B8B4566C3FB5E6" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="5D09958902A62D513008844AD4F5650D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s. str. was widely mentioned in the literature under the combinations
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED8F41BB4806F56449CD61A1B65206B7" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. gramineus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="gramineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="480567CCFD99AAE75DE1FBEEBDFCB0B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. gramineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7D1C179911CEA99D3C5BF5DA40F6440" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Lachesis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lachesis gramineus" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gramineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD01A847E20FCEF0183FD29A7CF0D1C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Lachesis gramineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7B0C0AC4778C1D964242178495838808" authorityName="Idiiatullina & Nguyen & Pawangkhanant & Suwannapoom & Chanhome & Mirza & David & Vogel & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2024" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber gramineus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gramineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="635EC192C23D99601279A5EF47E077B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Coluber gramineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shaw, 1802, a distinct, valid species from Peninsular India; see, for example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A0449344A33E60F02EA1EB7D27FBAA30" author="Pope, CH" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B106" refString="Pope, CH, Pope, SH, 1933. A study of the green pit-vipers of southeastern Asia and Malaysia, commonly identified as Trimeresurus gramineus (Shaw): with description of a new species from peninsular India. American Museum Novitates 620: 1 - 12" title="A study of the green pit-vipers of southeastern Asia and Malaysia, commonly identified as Trimeresurus gramineus (Shaw): with description of a new species from peninsular India." volume="620" year="1933">Pope and Pope 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 9). As explained above,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DFF7D0CCB24F94C189A37C9E985A65D3" author="Regenass, U" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="163 - 205" refId="B114" refString="Regenass, U, Kramer, E, 1981. Zur Systematik der gruenen Grubenottern der Gattung Trimeresurus (Serpentes, Crotalidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 88: 163 - 205" title="Zur Systematik der gruenen Grubenottern der Gattung Trimeresurus (Serpentes, Crotalidae)." volume="88" year="1981">Regenass and Kramer (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
divided this species into three subspecies, retaining the nominative one,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3271E4659FD59697F7DA4882601F088F" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. p. subsp. popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="subSpecies" species="p." subSpecies="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="5414C472CD05F6F6197E342747F94754" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. p. popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for populations of the Asian mainland. Currently, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4860E7BA91948AF513F36F6EAC6CBF5F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.727.1.1" author="Vogel, G" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B142" refString="Vogel, G, David, P, Pauwels, OSG, 2004. A review of morphological variation in Trimeresurus popeiorum (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 727: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.727.1.1" title="A review of morphological variation in Trimeresurus popeiorum (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.727.1.1" volume="727" year="2004">Vogel et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC93E07BCED692F6BC964E4096FCDB45" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/15-045" author="Wostl, E" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="633 - 641" refId="B156" refString="Wostl, E, Sidik, I, Trilaksono, W, Shaney, KJ, Kurniawan, N, Smith, EN, 2016. Taxonomic status of the Sumatran pitviper Trimeresurus (Popeia) toba David, Petri, Vogel & Doria, 2009 (Squamata: Viperidae) and other Sunda Shelf species of the subgenus Popeia. Journal of Herpetology 50: 633 - 641, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/15-045" title="Taxonomic status of the Sumatran pitviper Trimeresurus (Popeia) toba David, Petri, Vogel & Doria, 2009 (Squamata: Viperidae) and other Sunda Shelf species of the subgenus Popeia." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/15-045" volume="50" year="2016">Wostl et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the present work,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B730BC73818C9542BCC492EAFCAEA884" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9E055C2D5F76AF940BDBDD1A895063A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s. str. is monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25BD9A2E08DF3106C00429B10CF486E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
We take this opportunity to mention the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AA60144B830E3BEC6EA164C90E6CC81" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber viridicaeruleus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridicaeruleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1E3618C55C27068549BA1AF03E79942A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Coluber viridicaeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
La
|
||
<normalizedToken id="05ED3BBCD6EE0347106784AFAF76C656" originalValue="Cépède">Cepede</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1789, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7D97645CB02675046BF64ACA0A9E6890" author="Wallach, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B147" refString="Wallach, V, Williams, KL, Boundy, J, 2014. Snakes of the World. A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, xxvii + 1209 pp." title="Snakes of the World. A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, xxvii + 1209 pp." year="2014">Wallach et al. (2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 575) placed in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2DE97C4194809C8148E9270F69F0384" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4CEEF7765A911A72721159C4ED92C0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. La
|
||
<normalizedToken id="567797264F5F635CBA6090EE2772E725" originalValue="Cepède">Cepede</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1789: 122 and 306) erected this taxon as a replacement name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7B2CBE69DC01333A7A6945843FB64DD" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber cyaneus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7D5555E3A3F3D7C16348CBAB445C9AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Coluber cyaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1758. Based on its scalation characters, such as a head covered with large plates and 110 subcaudals, this taxon is obviously not a pitviper, but may represent a nearctic or neotropical colubrid species, as it was stated to have originated from "Les
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5D2F181464E32E125DCFD6B969F720B2" originalValue="Amériques”">Ameriques"</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Therefore, we formally remove
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C35EF429628A54D27BD158E8C73729C1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber viridicaeruleus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridicaeruleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="795288D1950F75EC976D97F7BC652ECF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Coluber viridicaeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="971EB62ECB07C9FADB21EDC45208889A" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="64C1570D980B3CB257617B0F68B7E850" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the taxonomic identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30671F1B6E41A36161F289A7D42AFE43" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Coluber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coluber viridicaeruleus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridicaeruleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0ABF03206E7DFA091398A4B5D0F25FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Coluber viridicaeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
La
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4B8BF5C4587C4FEA3FA4A46FFCC62226" originalValue="Cépède">Cepede</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1789 remains unclear.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CC417B687111EA7BCEFA895ECA6775C" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="the species nomen popeiorum">
|
||
<paragraph id="094EA957A320E468736BF3BF38A935F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
The species nomen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3018635C576326DECCCE5D03D7552CA" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B539E8AB67C9DEF58E7F3FD0BE72C34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D16DE3679EDC7791BAC181E4D18E4413" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
A nomenclatural problem arose when
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B06E98C851060E9266DF2C547F8E6E42" author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B123" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III, Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." title="The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III, Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." year="1943">Smith (1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 518) stated in a footnote that the spelling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A29E92FAACDFF2E8BEFE009464841AB6" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6040658E045AA9D8E8A6EC4FCF1A86A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his earlier paper was a clerical error and, on the same page, corrected it into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B2C2FAEA98621077F08C0EA0828342" authorityName="Idiiatullina & Nguyen & Pawangkhanant & Suwannapoom & Chanhome & Mirza & David & Vogel & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2024" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Popeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Popeia popeorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DA6AF70FA3FBE6972D53A9934C2BD6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Popeia popeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As a result, the spelling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="457C03F22B0F31CB0144F8E859C31FB2" authorityName="Idiiatullina & Nguyen & Pawangkhanant & Suwannapoom & Chanhome & Mirza & David & Vogel & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2024" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Popeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Popeia popeorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A5B2EED2CE4C6318A14E6C8AA731950B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Popeia popeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been widely used in the literature, for example by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0AB9AEDA6C9BD4D272EC73384B8DA217" author="Haas, CPJ" journalOrPublisher="Treubia" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="511 - 625" refId="B52" refString="Haas, CPJ, 1950. Checklist of the snakes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Reptilia, Ophidia). Treubia 20: 511 - 625" title="Checklist of the snakes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Reptilia, Ophidia)." volume="20" year="1950">Haas (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D5DF97705E6321234EB92DCD2EC7F0C8" author="Taylor, EH" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="1033 - 1189" refId="B134" refString="Taylor, EH, Elbel, RE, 1958. Contribution to the herpetology of Thailand. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 38: 1033 - 1189" title="Contribution to the herpetology of Thailand." volume="38" year="1958">Taylor and Elbel (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F8711884E353C692EB7DBDDFDB3BF568" author="Klemmer, K" editor="von Behring, E" journalOrPublisher="N. G. Elwert Universitaets- und Verlagsbuchhandlung, Marburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="255 - 464" refId="B69" refString="Klemmer, K, 1963. Liste der rezenten Giftschlangen: Elapidae, Hydropheidae, Viperidae und Crotalidae. In: von Behring, E, Ed., Die Giftschlangen der Erde: Wirkungen und Antigenitaet der Gifte Therapie von Giftschlangenbissen. N.G. Elwert Universitaets- und Verlagsbuchhandlung, Marburg: 255 - 464" title="Liste der rezenten Giftschlangen: Elapidae, Hydropheidae, Viperidae und Crotalidae." volumeTitle="Die Giftschlangen der Erde: Wirkungen und Antigenitaet der Gifte Therapie von Giftschlangenbissen." year="1963">Klemmer (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB33D6DDE9ABF910DB58CD13F60BE935" author="Werler, JE" editor="Keegan, HL" journalOrPublisher="Macmillan Company, New York, NY" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="219 - 325" refId="B153" refString="Werler, JE, Keegan, HL, 1963. Venomous snakes of the Pacific area. In: Keegan, HL, MacFarlane, WV, Eds., Venomous and Poisonous Animals and Noxious Plants of the Pacific Region. Macmillan Company, New York, NY: 219 - 325" title="Venomous snakes of the Pacific area." volumeTitle="Venomous and Poisonous Animals and Noxious Plants of the Pacific Region." year="1963">Werler and Keegan (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8447391F3BC0F71A100479825BF78402" author="Taylor, EH" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="609 - 1096" refId="B133" refString="Taylor, EH, 1965. The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 45: 609 - 1096" title="The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters." volume="45" year="1965">Taylor (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1EA817A012BBE28AF2E366F7CE4E1624" author="Leviton, AE" editor="Buecherl, W" journalOrPublisher="Volume I. Venomous Vertebrates. Academic Press, New York, NY" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="529 - 576" refId="B73" refString="Leviton, AE, 1968. The venomous terrestrial snakes of East Asia, India, Malaya, and Indonesia. In: Buecherl, W, Buckley, EE, Deulofeu, V, Eds., Venomous Animals and their Venoms. Volume I. Venomous Vertebrates. Academic Press, New York, NY: 529 - 576" title="The venomous terrestrial snakes of East Asia, India, Malaya, and Indonesia." volumeTitle="Venomous Animals and their Venoms." year="1968">Leviton (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A8CEF0F10B878CC21014BD85801E32F" author="Harding, KA" journalOrPublisher="Nucleic Acids Symposium Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B54" refString="Harding, KA, Welch, KRG, 1980. Venomous Snakes of the World. A Checklist. Pergamon Press, Oxford, x + 188 pp." title="Venomous Snakes of the World. A Checklist. Pergamon Press, Oxford, x + 188 pp." year="1980">Harding and Welch (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="545A1FE6FDCF0602C0D0E952CB660794" author="Regenass, U" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="163 - 205" refId="B114" refString="Regenass, U, Kramer, E, 1981. Zur Systematik der gruenen Grubenottern der Gattung Trimeresurus (Serpentes, Crotalidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 88: 163 - 205" title="Zur Systematik der gruenen Grubenottern der Gattung Trimeresurus (Serpentes, Crotalidae)." volume="88" year="1981">Regenass and Kramer (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="420149E4DFA215D89D8EF7A079778E91" author="David, P" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B24" refString="David, P, Vogel, G, 1996. The Snakes of Sumatra. An Annotated Checklist and Key with Natural History Notes. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" title="The Snakes of Sumatra. An Annotated Checklist and Key with Natural History Notes." year="1996">David and Vogel (1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 163) were the first authors to discuss the spelling problem and pointed out that, based on Art. 32 (c) (ii) of the Code (ICZN 1985), the original spelling had to be retained even though
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="00EDC00387783421F2B31085CBA8E126" author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B123" refString="Smith, MA, 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III, Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." title="The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III, Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
tried to correct the original spelling. According to Art. 32.5.1 of the Code (ICZN 1999), the initial spelling was an incorrect transliteration or Latinization and does not allow for "correction of an incorrect original spelling". According to the Art. 33.4, the use of a termination -
|
||
<emphasis id="20E166B47F00867817CA0B58B9A361EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">orum</emphasis>
|
||
in a subsequent spelling of a species-group name that is a genitive based upon a personal name in which the correct original spelling terminates with -
|
||
<emphasis id="F26A0B3D5044277C0B958F362C75DD0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">iorum</emphasis>
|
||
, is an incorrect subsequent spelling, even if the change is deliberate. The original spelling,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1749B2C4168E50481F3D5D8040DA4DF" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1C968978171F3653364D93B410C6E84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, must therefore be conserved.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CEE0054CF895A3931B83B88DD1BF6B40" author="McDiarmid, RW" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B87" refString="McDiarmid, RW, Campbell, JA, Toure, TSA, 1999. Snake Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographical Reference. Volume 1. The Herpetologists' League, Washington, DC, xi + 511 pp." title="Snake Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographical Reference. Volume 1. The Herpetologists' League, Washington, DC, xi + 511 pp." year="1999">McDiarmid et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A1015759FF4479528CC65EF14E7C2F5" author="Orlov, N" journalOrPublisher="Faunistische Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums fuer Tierkunde Dresden" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="177 - 218" refId="B98" refString="Orlov, N, Ananjeva, N, Barabanov, A, Ryabov, S, Khalikov, R, 2002a. Diversity of vipers (Azemiopinae, Crotalinae) in East, Southeast, and South Asia: Annotated checklist and natural history data (Reptilia: Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Faunistische Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums fuer Tierkunde Dresden 23: 177 - 218" title="Diversity of vipers (Azemiopinae, Crotalinae) in East, Southeast, and South Asia: Annotated checklist and natural history data (Reptilia: Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae)." volume="23" year="2002 a">Orlov et al. (2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C4FA8D8B9DC00F96DC1E7FDFD7B02CE6" author="Orlov, N" editor="Schuett, GW" journalOrPublisher="Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain, UT" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="345 - 359" refId="B99" refString="Orlov, N, Ananjeva, N, Khalikov, R, 2002b. Natural history of pitvipers in eastern and southeastern Asia. In: Schuett, GW, Hoeggren, M, Douglas, ME, Greene, HW, Eds., Biology of the Vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain, UT: 345 - 359" title="Natural history of pitvipers in eastern and southeastern Asia." volumeTitle="Biology of the Vipers." year="2002 b">2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) challenged this interpretation and argued that the spelling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA07DB3254A2B3B9DA53AE74C3B2C57A" authorityName="Idiiatullina & Nguyen & Pawangkhanant & Suwannapoom & Chanhome & Mirza & David & Vogel & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2024" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Popeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Popeia popeorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EA58915074EDFE8BE6B0AE71D4410E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Popeia popeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the correct one. However, these authors have not been followed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="96338486002569CBF86B2A308B01DB55" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="the status of trimesurus elegans gray, 1853">
|
||
<paragraph id="EAA2181048481FBC7FE037901039B2E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
The status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="662D14F8D50AA3BFE76949BA06B9C6F0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimesurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimesurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B6EB52C93CFA45343C8418133A3D648" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimesurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D9C8C0F5499418C224AE5D6AE376C3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1853" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">Trimeresurus elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gray, 1853.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70FF0B91E6679510C2BE3ECAB9C5795F" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
This taxon has long been forgotten or considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="745E4874D71DE8B4847F13A9D69F39EE" authorityName="Idiiatullina & Nguyen & Pawangkhanant & Suwannapoom & Chanhome & Mirza & David & Vogel & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2024" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus gramineus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gramineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00BD0AA999657CEA6046DA4B8B9317C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus gramineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE6482349C5361FF4EDB13D9E990326D" author="Uetz, P" journalOrPublisher="Singapore National Printers, Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" publicationUrl="http://www.reptile-database.org" refId="B139" refString="Uetz, P, Freed, P, Aguilar, R, Reyes, F, Kudera, J, Hosek, J., 2024. The Reptile Database. Available at http://www.reptile-database.org" title="The Reptile Database. Available at" url="http://www.reptile-database.org" year="2024">Uetz et al. (2024)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
currently list this taxon in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93F3972D6899B93710E89BDD997DB3C8" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Craspedocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Craspedocephalus gramineus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gramineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78A86B4F31376FE813FF1F485AE1615C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Craspedocephalus gramineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Shaw, 1802) based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A5AB8BBE7C4F01DBBA21650D6C7C38B3" author="Stejneger, LH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B124" refString="Stejneger, LH, 1907. Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 58: i-xx, 1-577, 409 figs., 35 plates." title="Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 58: i-xx, 1 - 577, 409 figs., 35 plates." year="1907">Stejneger (1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6008ED0C363C39A3C40AB02B265C2E71" author="Stejneger, LH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B125" refString="Stejneger, LH, 1927. The green pitviper Trimeresurus gramineus in China. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 72: 1 - 10" title="The green pitviper Trimeresurus gramineus in China." volume="72" year="1927">1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These authors apparently overlooked the fact that Stejeneger confused several green pitvipers under the combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6354F0DA29DE0DAE8368D2B970E3EFFC" authorityName="Idiiatullina & Nguyen & Pawangkhanant & Suwannapoom & Chanhome & Mirza & David & Vogel & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2024" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus gramineus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gramineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87FD052C55D217059B1E01EE55050A3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus gramineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE2AC4322129E0934A0649400759B7D6" authorityName="Gray, 1849: 7 (Not Trimeresurus Elegans Gray" authorityYear="1853" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimesurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimesurus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1FFF1BB4DA95E762E0FA149FBFE824D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimesurus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
makes clear that it cannot be a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED22559D13809B6339E90B03427FB3A5" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. gramineus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="gramineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9F1F1E2D54BA0B7D2EB2C066864EE50D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. gramineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as currently defined, a species endemic to southeastern Peninsular India (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2AE80ACD8A96321FCB092D8065CA184D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e66239" author="Mallik, AK" journalOrPublisher="Vertebrate Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="577 - 619" refId="B82" refString="Mallik, AK, Srikanthan, AN, Ganesh, SR, Vijayakumar, SP, Campbell, PD, Malhotra, A, Shanker, K, 2021. Resolving pitfalls in pit viper systematics: A multi-criteria approach to species delimitation in pit vipers (Reptilia, Viperidae, Craspedocephalus) of Peninsular India reveals cryptic diversity. Vertebrate Zoology 71: 577 - 619, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e66239" title="Resolving pitfalls in pit viper systematics: A multi-criteria approach to species delimitation in pit vipers (Reptilia, Viperidae, Craspedocephalus) of Peninsular India reveals cryptic diversity." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e66239" volume="71" year="2021">Mallik et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D7D4CC94E873BD965ADC253BF9ABCC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
The brief original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F02A2E5028E7CEA6E1D44F727DDD5C2" authorityName="Gray, 1849: 7 (Not Trimeresurus Elegans Gray" authorityYear="1853" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimesurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimesurus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="D5405F57936F88608A1444C508409E2A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimesurus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not allow a formal identification of the species. However, its holotype (NHMUK 1946.1.19.20), which we examined, is indeed a subadult female referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5948531C3E9FE829DA0557261FE9165D" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1716024F5FBF320EB80AB44C9DF26D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s. str. as defined here. On this basis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B707257C4BC7EACE38D83E206FD24175" authorityName="Gray, 1849: 7 (Not Trimeresurus Elegans Gray" authorityYear="1853" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimesurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimesurus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="2A9909828A4C9D27ACB372C4370CAD99" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimesurus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gray, 1853 should be considered a senior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="184CC7305FAADC0007149B8C15F258F3" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9246A319998DE9F92CAF829F6175410" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Such a conclusion would be problematic in terms of nomenclatural stability, as the species name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13517B50BC3B514B5BF5587B9D122468" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1853" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EEE65E8D96A8800D55B95D9DF020421" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has seemingly never been used as valid after its establishment by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF9C330D0FDEB75F6AF6032270D21007" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03745485709495063" author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Society for the Study of Reptiles and Amphibians, Saint Louis, MO" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B39" refString="Gray, JE, 1853. Descriptions of some undescribed species of reptiles collected by Dr. Joseph Hooker, in the Khasia Mountains, E Bengal and Sikkim, Himalaya. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London (Series 2) 12: 386-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/03745485709495063" title="Descriptions of some undescribed species of reptiles collected by Dr. Joseph Hooker, in the Khasia Mountains, E Bengal and Sikkim, Himalaya. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London (Series 2) 12: 386 - 392." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03745485709495063" year="1853">Gray (1853)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, while the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D75F3870629304AF1CA128489F52B5EE" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="671ED5DAE82A93348440D5FD29FC2436" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been used as valid in dozens of publications since 1937 in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA5D41D0BB40F985BC461FCF599C5EF6" authorityName="Idiiatullina & Nguyen & Pawangkhanant & Suwannapoom & Chanhome & Mirza & David & Vogel & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2024" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="47297BAD085B1EBC25FA72BABA0B61B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FFB6783DA59B3F16D36E59012C19C69" authorityName="Idiiatullina & Nguyen & Pawangkhanant & Suwannapoom & Chanhome & Mirza & David & Vogel & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2024" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Popeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Popeia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3A90EE102BF01F214E83A92A853C783C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Popeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F2332E4D1FFF383709EBE1F139805EC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
For this reason, in order to protect the binomen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54D033EBCFC07170C1CCED2BE255541B" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1E97D7B6C43F8D4AB313611156D677C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smith, 1937, we here make use of Art. 23.9 of the Code to reverse precedence (ICZN 1999). In order to apply this Article, two conditions must be fulfilled: Art. 23.9.1.1 states that the senior synonym must not have been used as a valid nomen after 1899; and Article 23.9.1.2 states that the junior synonym must have been used for a particular taxon, as its presumed valid nomen, "in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years" (ICZN 1999).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="10CAC8D487F0128F8FEC189350FE8455" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
In the present case, the first condition is met because to the best of our knowledge, the specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00DF61925AE7852779E44C0D0738CAA6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1853" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="763BEA41CAB87CF48622D49E91473012" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71C4D6AEFB62B8E15EED4D0044F14335" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03745485709495063" author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Society for the Study of Reptiles and Amphibians, Saint Louis, MO" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B39" refString="Gray, JE, 1853. Descriptions of some undescribed species of reptiles collected by Dr. Joseph Hooker, in the Khasia Mountains, E Bengal and Sikkim, Himalaya. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London (Series 2) 12: 386-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/03745485709495063" title="Descriptions of some undescribed species of reptiles collected by Dr. Joseph Hooker, in the Khasia Mountains, E Bengal and Sikkim, Himalaya. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London (Series 2) 12: 386 - 392." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03745485709495063" year="1853">Gray (1853)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, has never been used as valid for any pitviper after 1853. It should be noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AF0F85669B7383EA877068F31DAA0FF" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Craspedocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Craspedocephalus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="4ECBE0B2E0A49DE148F07932F4FAF479" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Craspedocephalus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gray, 1849, now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A0DCCD4476AC5BE9E9F9EFE7B17AEAA" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Protobothrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protobothrops elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FC7BA448237710011AEDB45039EA902" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Protobothrops elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a valid species inhabiting Japan, was placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EECA53ACAECB611F07B09BDB192E7EAC" authorityName="Idiiatullina & Nguyen & Pawangkhanant & Suwannapoom & Chanhome & Mirza & David & Vogel & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2024" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7E9F8214B37B8A64E32B7633E14F2E37" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F47B33908DDC50794822656948B96A9" author="Stejneger, LH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B124" refString="Stejneger, LH, 1907. Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 58: i-xx, 1-577, 409 figs., 35 plates." title="Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 58: i-xx, 1 - 577, 409 figs., 35 plates." year="1907">Stejneger (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In this case,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B91E1F45F03879596A767F1021235320" authorityName="Gray, 1849: 7 (Not Trimeresurus Elegans Gray" authorityYear="1853" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimesurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimesurus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="508E7128CCDF215EDD2179264ED3787D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimesurus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gray, 1853 also becomes a secondary homonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB224932EEDF3D9DA54679FB6C7435E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Craspedocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Craspedocephalus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB219300691AE97691FAC5606660FE1A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Craspedocephalus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gray, 1849 in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF025A91E3F1598C2085EEB98CC7EFA9" authorityName="Idiiatullina & Nguyen & Pawangkhanant & Suwannapoom & Chanhome & Mirza & David & Vogel & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2024" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E31317CB83DC103B91D0EA16B36D8797" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="34F9084FF9A4A27BABC98E39F303488A" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
In order to fulfil the second condition, the epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF7D9EBDC20A50E4AE6199DBD5C151D7" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="84384BA6D97FE8059E6E154B9B847D2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should have been used as valid in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1CAA5E8F7AB0E4E8D89C61E726552AFB" authorityName="Idiiatullina & Nguyen & Pawangkhanant & Suwannapoom & Chanhome & Mirza & David & Vogel & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2024" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E257B2D007B9BFC8085479A798133137" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, even if under the erroneous spelling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="130FCAECEF5267D6B4B9A952C140A78B" authorityName="Idiiatullina & Nguyen & Pawangkhanant & Suwannapoom & Chanhome & Mirza & David & Vogel & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2024" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Popeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Popeia popeorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B4EEF626E9B7B25065DEAE6E7C68031" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Popeia popeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by at least 25 authors since 1972. We provide below a list of 25 works published from 1972 onwards in which the epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60BBF131D6CEE3AF4C8B65D129BA59F4" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="57F7B424D11BAE754621EF9ADEE98E60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8651EDAECE27C8C5147564DC8B8C7993" authorityName="Idiiatullina & Nguyen & Pawangkhanant & Suwannapoom & Chanhome & Mirza & David & Vogel & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2024" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Popeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Popeia popeorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="918B237A8455C37B95D3C1E0F3B583BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Popeia popeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) has been used as valid:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="29FB249D87908B5A8181049A508C0BF2" author="Harding, KA" journalOrPublisher="Nucleic Acids Symposium Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B54" refString="Harding, KA, Welch, KRG, 1980. Venomous Snakes of the World. A Checklist. Pergamon Press, Oxford, x + 188 pp." title="Venomous Snakes of the World. A Checklist. Pergamon Press, Oxford, x + 188 pp." year="1980">Harding and Welch (1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 74);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8446A37CD37CCA4EEDDB8A38C5EA2D4C" author="Regenass, U" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="163 - 205" refId="B114" refString="Regenass, U, Kramer, E, 1981. Zur Systematik der gruenen Grubenottern der Gattung Trimeresurus (Serpentes, Crotalidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 88: 163 - 205" title="Zur Systematik der gruenen Grubenottern der Gattung Trimeresurus (Serpentes, Crotalidae)." volume="88" year="1981">Regenass and Kramer (1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 186; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A7FD0061D0D48BD38B8087D21272F8D" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. p. subsp. popeorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="subSpecies" species="p." subSpecies="popeorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="166025F87F59BE2D3B5C4D6D3F29092D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. p. popeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7E505684BEE60BB908ADC72139FC1B4F" author="Tweedie, MWF" journalOrPublisher="Singapore National Printers, Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B138" refString="Tweedie, MWF, 1983. The Snakes of Malaya. Third edition. Singapore National Printers, Singapore" title="The Snakes of Malaya. Third edition." year="1983">Tweedie (1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 139, 158); Toriba in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4A7A8BB382F6053ECD68DA67BEF42FB" author="Golay, P" journalOrPublisher="Society for the Study of Reptiles and Amphibians, Saint Louis, MO" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B37" refString="Golay, P, Smith, HM, Broadley, DG, Dixon, JR, McCarthy, C, Rage, J-C, Schaetti, B, Toriba, M, 1993. Endoglyphs and Other Major Venomous Snakes of the World. A Checklist. Azemiops S.A., Geneva, xv + 478 pp." title="Endoglyphs and Other Major Venomous Snakes of the World. A Checklist. Azemiops S. A., Geneva, xv + 478 pp." year="1993">Golay et al. (1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 103; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84632CC7D5E103D12BAA923BE08B9998" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. popeorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="popeorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DD7313CA7205FD8F704B69A4FA1AEC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. popeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9D2125D374B9B62712A03BD9C5C7722" author="David, P" journalOrPublisher="Dumerilia" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="3 - 499" refId="B23" refString="David, P, Ineich, I, 1999. Les serpents venimeux du monde, systematique et repartition. Dumerilia 3: 3 - 499" title="Les serpents venimeux du monde, systematique et repartition." volume="3" year="1999">David and Ineich (1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 288);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="787A12252031512BD4BBF3EA30F07D11" author="Leviton, AE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="407 - 462" refId="B74" refString="Leviton, AE, Wogan, GOU, Koo, MS, Zug, GR, Lucas, RS, Vindum, JV, 2003. The dangerously venomous snakes of Myanmar. Illustrated checklist with keys. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 54: 407 - 462" title="The dangerously venomous snakes of Myanmar. Illustrated checklist with keys." volume="54" year="2003">Leviton et al. (2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 446);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE038219FB990D15DFC3C79FEF3B2AC3" author="Gumprecht, A" journalOrPublisher="Geitje Books, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B47" refString="Gumprecht, A, Tillack, F, Orlov, NL, Captain, A, Ryabov, S, 2004. Asian Pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin" title="Asian Pitvipers." year="2004">Gumprecht et al. (2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 37, 256; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E8CD96F38ED564BB87BC217C45113E9" authorityName="Idiiatullina & Nguyen & Pawangkhanant & Suwannapoom & Chanhome & Mirza & David & Vogel & Poyarkov" authorityYear="2024" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum subsp. popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="popeiorum" subSpecies="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="5D2500FECA995D96B93E6421455AF11B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8134950CFD9FD67D0096B34FA83F2428" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.02.008" author="Malhotra, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="83 - 100" refId="B80" refString="Malhotra, A, Thorpe, RS, 2004. A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 83 - 100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.02.008" title="A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.02.008" volume="32" year="2004">Malhotra and Thorpe (2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 97);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72073BCA360D95EAC55D1471B034E7A8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00735.x" author="Sanders, KL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="721 - 731" refId="B118" refString="Sanders, KL, Malhotra, A, Thorpe, RS, 2004. Ecological diversification in a group of Indomalayan pitvipers (Trimeresurus): Convergence in taxonomically important traits has implications for species identification. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 17: 721 - 731, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00735.x" title="Ecological diversification in a group of Indomalayan pitvipers (Trimeresurus): Convergence in taxonomically important traits has implications for species identification." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00735.x" volume="17" year="2004">Sanders et al. (2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 183);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB80F25014F37CEF3A778F5BD2A513E5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.727.1.1" author="Vogel, G" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B142" refString="Vogel, G, David, P, Pauwels, OSG, 2004. A review of morphological variation in Trimeresurus popeiorum (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 727: 1 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.727.1.1" title="A review of morphological variation in Trimeresurus popeiorum (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.727.1.1" volume="727" year="2004">Vogel et al. (2004</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 19);
|
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<bibRefCitation id="A7F97CD328F797294A95E9EFCF9ADD73" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.12.014" author="Castoe, TA" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="91 - 110" refId="B9" refString="Castoe, TA, Parkinson, CL, 2006. Bayesian mixed models and the phylogeny of pitvipers (Viperidae: Serpentes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39: 91 - 110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.12.014" title="Bayesian mixed models and the phylogeny of pitvipers (Viperidae: Serpentes)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.12.014" volume="39" year="2006">Castoe and Parkinson (2006</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 105);
|
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<bibRefCitation id="31BD575F52F4D13CE475266410A60805" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00568.x" author="Sanders, KL" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="343 - 364" refId="B119" refString="Sanders, KL, Malhotra, A, Thorpe, RS, 2006. Combining molecular, morphological and ecological data to infer species boundaries in a cryptic tropical pitviper. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 87: 343 - 364, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00568.x" title="Combining molecular, morphological and ecological data to infer species boundaries in a cryptic tropical pitviper." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00568.x" volume="87" year="2006">Sanders et al. (2006</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 361);
|
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<bibRefCitation id="A780835B9B3A27168504B0B60E75ADE0" author="Vogel, G" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B141" refString="Vogel, G, 2006. Venomous Snakes of Asia - Giftschlangen Asiens. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" title="Venomous Snakes of Asia - Giftschlangen Asiens." year="2006">Vogel (2006</bibRefCitation>
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: 107);
|
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<bibRefCitation id="3AA5DDDEC8866C24CEC5BE9C58294E8C" author="Leviton, AE" journalOrPublisher="California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B75" refString="Leviton, AE, Zug, GR, Vindum, JV, Wogan, GOU, 2008. Handbook to the Dangerously Venomous Snakes of Myanmar. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco" title="Handbook to the Dangerously Venomous Snakes of Myanmar." year="2008">Leviton et al. (2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 80);
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: 307);
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: 175); Teynié and David (2010: 268);
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: 575);
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: 387);
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: 345);
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: 275-276);
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<bibRefCitation id="73C1DF1FB7A60FC7FB30F9CA229C0B9B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/15-045" author="Wostl, E" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="633 - 641" refId="B156" refString="Wostl, E, Sidik, I, Trilaksono, W, Shaney, KJ, Kurniawan, N, Smith, EN, 2016. Taxonomic status of the Sumatran pitviper Trimeresurus (Popeia) toba David, Petri, Vogel & Doria, 2009 (Squamata: Viperidae) and other Sunda Shelf species of the subgenus Popeia. Journal of Herpetology 50: 633 - 641, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/15-045" title="Taxonomic status of the Sumatran pitviper Trimeresurus (Popeia) toba David, Petri, Vogel & Doria, 2009 (Squamata: Viperidae) and other Sunda Shelf species of the subgenus Popeia." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/15-045" volume="50" year="2016">Wostl et al. (2016</bibRefCitation>
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: 637);
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: 20);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A383C447B0EB0129805242315A53E239" author="Nguyen, TV" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B97" refString="Nguyen, TV, Brakels, P, Maury, N, Sudavanh, S, Pawangkhanant, P, Idiiatullina, S, Lorphengsy, S, Inkhavilay, K, Suwannapoom, C, Poyarkov, NA, 2020. New herpetofaunal observations from Laos based on photo records. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 14: 218-249 (e248)." title="New herpetofaunal observations from Laos based on photo records. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 14: 218 - 249 (e 248)." year="2020">Nguyen et al. (2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 239);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58546A913961877C89F30AD6A964D836" DOI="https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-2-85-92" author="Liu, S" journalOrPublisher="Russian Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B78" refString="Liu, S, Lwin, YH, Quan, RC, 2022. First record of Trimeresurus yingjiangensis (Squamata: Viperidae) from Myanmar. Russian Journal of Herpetology 29: 85 - 92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-2-85-92" title="First record of Trimeresurus yingjiangensis (Squamata: Viperidae) from Myanmar." url="https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-2-85-92" volume="29" year="2022">Liu et al. (2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 86); and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B4ACD6E71844728874CC8BE5C0EB54DB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268402" author="Rathee, YS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" refId="B113" refString="Rathee, YS, Purkayastha, J, Lalremsanga, HT, Dalal, S, Biakzuala, L, Muansanga, L, Dalal, S, BiakzualaI, DL, Muansanga, L, Mirza, ZA, 2022. A new cryptic species of green pit viper of the genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 (Serpentes, Viperidae) from Northeast India. PloS ONE 17: e0268402. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268402" title="A new cryptic species of green pit viper of the genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 (Serpentes, Viperidae) from Northeast India. PloS ONE 17: e 0268402." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268402" year="2022">Rathee et al. (2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 3)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5CF8030FB438C9DCBAB6891977F9FC6B" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
The foregoing sources allow to conclude that Art. 23.9 can be applied to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D15BD614590BA3D7BC6C747742659ED" authorityName="Gray, 1849: 7 (Not Trimeresurus Elegans Gray" authorityYear="1853" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimesurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimesurus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC2CD58D14106F519F278DD4D3B497A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimesurus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and precedence can be reversed. We therefore declare
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0257640F8C3C69F28F592E542056F6F6" authorityName="Gray, 1849: 7 (Not Trimeresurus Elegans Gray" authorityYear="1853" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimesurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimesurus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B161591578332872CE3B1DB38F44CC46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimesurus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gray, 1853 to be a subjective senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E11DC4A17A8118107A3C2501AC3B9688" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6F995CE7E7D4915BF205B995BFBB56EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smith, 1937 and a nomen oblitum. In so doing,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DBC05335893D6747E5C1096F044F8460" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D99C83324866236A96FC0A86D1C965E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smith, 1937, and also becomes a nomen protectum and the binomen can be used for green pitvipers from Southeast Asia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BD786195DB0CF8254AA52383783B9A39" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="referred specimens">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B14957754064C8E4C3933FA5753686D" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Referred specimens</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="960BBEE47A22376519656B7C2A21829B" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="D88FCB67E183606301EBB0A4E688CE66" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">(n = 15). Nepal</emphasis>
|
||
. NHMUK 1874.4.29.881 (adult female),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="277093CFDE633CBA297EDA57D227B7B3" originalValue="“Himalayas”">"Himalayas"</normalizedToken>
|
||
. -
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF354226D7B8FA77E61815CE25BCADD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">India</emphasis>
|
||
. Meghalaya State: NHMUK 1872.4.17.137A (lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0284EAFE8E099022ACC96F031E2B46CB" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4896B1C11188D2A9F380D50DB5F5B7A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male), from Khasi Hillis; Sikkim State: NHMUK 1946.1.19.20 (holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C76E5D935F680CBF2972E61B391CF532" authorityName="Gray, 1849: 7 (Not Trimeresurus Elegans Gray" authorityYear="1853" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimesurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimesurus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="994F1B5EEA4909BE36D9398F83F398D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimesurus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gray, 1853, subadult female); West Bengal State: NHMUK 1872.4.17.377 (paralectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6577F3C3EB1F68D2B97B30317A173B3B" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE77A776B6F7564B89FB5857290C4CF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male), NHMUK 1872.4.17.378 and NHMUK 1891.9.11.28-29 (three adult females) from Darjeeling District; Mizoram State: MZMU ZOO-GV 001 (adult male); Arunachal Pradesh: NCBS NRC-AA-4548 (adult male) from Kamlang WS., NCBS NRC-AA-4549 (adult male) and NCBS NRC-AA-4534 (adult female) from Eaglenest WS.
|
||
<emphasis id="CE12E21297021F462F87D9ED9F350143" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">China.</emphasis>
|
||
Yunnan Province: CIB DL201070102 and CIB DL201070103 (paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4313E337A585712AD277302566C43CBD" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. yingjiangensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="yingjiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA7B9BCC276D14A721BF80E4677A299C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. yingjiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two adult males) from Heihe Village, Kachang Town, Yingjiang Country. -
|
||
<emphasis id="2DF006C5CC295E8FD25DB35DE8316841" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Myanmar</emphasis>
|
||
. Kachin State: ZMMU NAP-09445 (adult male) from Inn Gyin Taung Mt., Indawgyi NR., Mohnyin Township; Sagaing Region: ZMMU NAP-09522 (subadult male) from Zalon Taung Mt., Ban Mau District.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="940B97C9C8B2F60795C235F7357EA0B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="71D759F019FE70E7A2DC9D974E5CC9B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03C8B4CA43C34BAD743C6B55670F30D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1D86131CAA371AEE35BEB7B53A95512" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F640BF591BEB0925603BD2A52E03A736" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other members of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B72F257B2E47CE9DE783D70730E9CC91" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimesurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimesurus (Popeia)" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Popeia">Trimesurus Popeia</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the combination of the following morphological characters: (1) dorsal surfaces in various shades of green, bluish-green or even turquoise blue; (2) in males, a vivid, wide bicolored ventrolateral stripe, bright and deep red below, white above; in females, stripe thin, white or yellow; (3) males with a conspicuous, bicolored postocular streak, thin and white ventrally, wide and bright red dorsally; streak absent in females; (4) eyes red to deep red in both males and females; (5) 21 dorsal scale rows at midbody, more or less strongly keeled in males, weakly keeled in females, scales of the first dorsal scale row always smooth; (6) first supralabial entirely separated from nasal scale by a distinct suture; (7) supraoculars much narrower than internasals; (8) internasals never in contact, separated by one or two scales; (9) 159-173 ventrals; 55-76 subcaudals, all paired; (10) hemipenes long and forked, reaching at least to the 25th subcaudal, without spines; (11) 11-13 cephalic scales between the supraoculars in males, 10-12 in females; (12) relative tail length 0.18-0.21 in males, 0.14-0.19 in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="01497D7BF82F4D9763C189571C8A5183" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="393DCF283AF95109D72B18623B5E5F59" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Description of the holotype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="31444B11A9CAEEA17A0F9C5CF76BCEBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="E607F71E3E335E319548D3D076F2E8DF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
(NHMUK 1946.1.19.20) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA06CE1D6618F7A7A575F58907B0AF77" authorityName="Gray, 1849: 7 (Not Trimeresurus Elegans Gray" authorityYear="1853" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimesurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimesurus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="18E97DB61C537D28244EAE0FD65F7ACC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimesurus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gray, 1853 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8E156417A83D350895E9E813F60D4D46" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1946.1.19.20 (holotype of Trimesurus elegans, subadult female) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Lateral view of the head, left side. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019993" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A subadult female in a relatively good state of preservation after more than 150 years in preservative.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55A55A8F8D493929ED6D3099EE533A99" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="morphology">
|
||
<paragraph id="37AF42A949C3C290FBF76B905F1EEB1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Morphology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B57D30A12F31F404D51D1C8A0B26E3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Body cylindrical, long, and laterally compressed (SVL 322 mm, TaL 62 mm, TL 384 mm, TaL/TL 0.161). Head triangular in dorsal view, elongate, clearly distinct from the neck (HL 18.4 mm, HL/SVL 0.06), snout elongate, flattened, and rounded when seen from above, rather rectangular when seen from lateral side, with a very distinct and sharp canthus rostralis; loreal pit present, triangular in shape. Eye average (ED 3.1 mm, SnL 5.2 mm, ED/SnL 0.58); pupil vertical, elliptic.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="21A9F2ED7DAF1DC446EF8EE6EDF526D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="body scalation">
|
||
<paragraph id="091762EA95F3D2FF75718056A534CE1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Body scalation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="13C6ECFF7AC2CAAC16035A3A4BE89921" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Dorsal scales in 25-21-15 rows; dorsal scales all moderately keeled, except the first row, the scales of which are smooth; 167 ventrals (plus single preventral); cloacal plate single; 61 subcaudals, all divided.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4A46D1BA95CB0A37ED460E023200960A" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="head scalation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C6972DCD427AF4A533D9677DD1943377" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Head scalation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D9D8087BC6C6DA29EB1D683100AE603" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
Rostral slightly visible from above, triangular; one large pair of enlarged internasals, separated by a one small scale; nostril completely included in nasal scale; nasal scale completely separated from the first supralabial; 1/2 small scales between nasal and second supralabial; scales on the upper snout surface and in the interorbital region smooth, irregular, barely imbricate; temporal and occipital scales strongly keeled; two elongate upper preoculars above the loreal pit; lower preocular forming the lower margin of the loreal pit; one supraocular on each side, large, broader than the internasals; 13 irregular cephalic scales between the supraoculars; one long, thin, crescent-like subocular scale (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F6650DA797890FA4FD3448256000C28" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1946.1.19.20 (holotype of Trimesurus elegans, subadult female) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Lateral view of the head, left side. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019993" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
); 9/9 supralabials, third largest and separated from the subocular by one scale on each side, fourth and fifth supralabials separated from subocular by one scale on each side; 2/2 postoculars (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="50E52C09A7BEF300CA2BA6A60B898386" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1946.1.19.20 (holotype of Trimesurus elegans, subadult female) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Lateral view of the head, left side. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019993" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">4E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); 13/12 infralabials, those of the first pair in contact with each other behind the mental, the first three pairs in contact with the single pair of chin shields. Five pairs of gulars aligned between the chin shields and the first preventral (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F401DE11646CA5BDD97AB6586698DE13" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1946.1.19.20 (holotype of Trimesurus elegans, subadult female) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Lateral view of the head, left side. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019993" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D769F8B1327E29C4CF11DB07A0E200C5" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019993" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="CD1AD167642E2DDFBDADDB3BA1A7C8CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E28284E13BAC1C3F2C54D0C47C26FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF7B36EEE90BB31BDBBF1D4FCE4BE064" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B064DC4BFE4632EF9043669A26F2DE00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1946.1.19.20 (holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0115799CF15B02A76196779C0EF8D01B" authorityName="Gray, 1849: 7 (Not Trimeresurus Elegans Gray" authorityYear="1853" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimesurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimesurus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="D5B39EC61DABE7FCB083C628B3E461BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimesurus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subadult female)
|
||
<emphasis id="0E7C8CFAEA155B89FFA856BE3A17D69D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">A</emphasis>
|
||
General dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="3209D1C9C130E0002AB82B67F5C0C77F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">B</emphasis>
|
||
General ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="C95DB34F21FA9F5EC0C6A1E6228886EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">C</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of the head;
|
||
<emphasis id="A375181C4C164993AC1550E3D2140D43" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">D</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of the head;
|
||
<emphasis id="0C0B980C2CC5BD2CE687340C46A9CD6C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">E</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of the head, right side;
|
||
<emphasis id="6EA4555A0E871220820B2FB8D318924C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">F</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of the head, left side. Photos by P. D. Campbell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D09A554E34BD5559540C0A05B04E3322" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="coloration and pattern">
|
||
<paragraph id="D1C1AC8FC0AC2A6F0BA433034B25E336" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Coloration and pattern.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="758A9842B9B2F074F0968ECF8D467C1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Body green, beneath paler, whitish; scales of the back moderate, smooth, not keeled, the lateral series rather broader, the first lateral series green, with a small white spot on the hind part of the upper edge forming an interrupted lateral line.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90C3CA80D67E15C4874F35B06C30E556" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A5FC5D6B192FE3FDC77C79299B2A713" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Description of the lectotype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="47D920C467803E5D48C88180896EC971" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="1021EF813983F4F51434BCEC1F315C73" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
(NHMUK 1872.4.17.137A) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DEB4C519007F05BB52C21E9F41BD91F8" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6A345F72B37DBCB87DA6E1E742396873" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smith, 1937 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E817C72434743A228310BAC5EAC4FD64" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1872.4.17.137 (Lectotype, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Latero-ventral view of the tail. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019994" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
An adult male in a relatively good state of preservation after more than 150 years in preservative.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="32B489FEFAFE17E857D1BFEB278F8339" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="morphology">
|
||
<paragraph id="13BF002767317C493A1015FF8DAA9F76" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Morphology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03168CA03E65873FC8A818219F7C6F15" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
Body cylindrical, long, and laterally compressed (SVL 758 mm, TaL 167 mm, TL 925 mm, TaL/TL 0.181). Head triangular in dorsal view, elongate, clearly distinct from the neck, snout elongate, flattened, and rounded when seen from above (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F423B00B5031BC730F44BDBF90CC3C2" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1872.4.17.137 (Lectotype, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Latero-ventral view of the tail. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019994" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
), rather rectangular when seen from lateral side, with a very distinct and sharp canthus rostralis; loreal pit present, triangular in shape (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6F2F811AD87439E0A3753D7FE7F0C196" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1872.4.17.137 (Lectotype, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Latero-ventral view of the tail. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019994" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eye average; pupil vertically elliptic (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="06921DDB5B9DB167C1606F3906A614AA" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1872.4.17.137 (Lectotype, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Latero-ventral view of the tail. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019994" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D1A4E1A636B1B05CA59CFE3DF84759E2" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019994" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph id="02FDC2A9A39A7E9EE50E61AEA21211EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="D04D10AA3B9FEF42FC2CD4436FE4FF50" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62555801F6DF057241ABEAB39D86CFCA" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="45FEEDD38BC79C6CFF9EABF6BF92C6CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1872.4.17.137 (Lectotype, adult male)
|
||
<emphasis id="2D5C67061E7CB2A95CF17227652E3876" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">A</emphasis>
|
||
General dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="A14A52C9205D46FBA23D135E2433B877" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">B</emphasis>
|
||
General ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="807D2F229F2B527C0CEAC3E623621901" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">C</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of the head;
|
||
<emphasis id="AE982D4A6E79D7A7C5C0A408A2209F66" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">D</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of the head;
|
||
<emphasis id="F7EF304DCBCBEEF4F18AE204C0644033" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">E</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of the head, right side;
|
||
<emphasis id="FBD3BA9A8D984BB563F6FA9FB57F387F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">F</emphasis>
|
||
Latero-ventral view of the tail. Photos by P. D. Campbell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="50B5E7B9774550A6E8337E12F88B96A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="body scalation">
|
||
<paragraph id="CF7E90ECE369926640D069B12CB5EB4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Body scalation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7DCA18A129BA6572EEA617E3DC1BCED8" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Dorsal scales in 23-21-15 rows; dorsal scales all moderately keeled, except the first row, the scales of which are smooth; 165 ventrals (plus single preventral); cloacal plate single; 70 subcaudals, all divided.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="20D91E02A25B7C6744BDA1430BE782E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="head scalation">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D678713EC79AA924D894B087CDFBA2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Head scalation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EABDE51C2A74961E8BE1480DFB9A7CEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
Rostral slightly visible from above, triangular; one large pair of enlarged internasals, separated by one small scale (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="09AD344F39F48464B091A3137C0A32FB" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1872.4.17.137 (Lectotype, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Latero-ventral view of the tail. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019994" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
); nostril completely included in an entire nasal scale; nasal scale completely separated from the first supralabial; 1/2 small scales between nasal and the second supralabial; scales on the upper snout surface and in the interorbital region smooth, irregular, barely imbricate; temporal and occipital scales strongly keeled; two elongate upper preoculars above the loreal pit; lower preocular forming the lower margin of the loreal pit (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="22525CFD8AAD722DF370A210DC1417D1" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1872.4.17.137 (Lectotype, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Latero-ventral view of the tail. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019994" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
); one supraocular on each side, large, broader than the internasals; ten irregular cephalic scales on a line between the supraoculars (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5B2A9B11ABB58E8DD4F53B5115BC067" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1872.4.17.137 (Lectotype, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Latero-ventral view of the tail. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019994" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
); one long, thin, crescent-like subocular scale; 9/10 supralabials, third largest and separated from the subocular by one scale on each side; fourth and fifth supralabials separated from subocular by one or two scales on each side; 2/2 postoculars (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="12B29B094BCAD928F63341773684E597" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1872.4.17.137 (Lectotype, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Latero-ventral view of the tail. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019994" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
); 12/12 infralabials, those of the first pair in contact with each other behind the mental, the first three pairs in contact with the single pair of chin shields. Five pairs of gulars aligned between the chin shields and the first preventral (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7EF1F38B87D81ECF9A671B36488595A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1872.4.17.137 (Lectotype, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Latero-ventral view of the tail. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019994" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1E68386EEDC2937FE925FEDA84ECE82B" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="coloration and pattern">
|
||
<paragraph id="63188AA0F00C6BF792DC89A651E7EB55" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Coloration and pattern.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="27DC1E6AC09FC29FE943B5C689CF7C03" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
Color uniform green above; paler green below. First row of scales on each side brown with yellow tip, second row yellow below the median keel. The narrow bicolor lateral stripe thus formed ending just behind head anteriorly and at vent posteriorly, incompletely developed on tail. Tip of tail pale reddish. Head without pattern or postocular stripe (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E56E408AB6376DAD656B193F3608A3F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen NHMUK 1872.4.17.137 (Lectotype, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Dorsal view of the head; D Ventral view of the head; E Lateral view of the head, right side; F Latero-ventral view of the tail. Photos by P. D. Campbell." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019994" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">5A, B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="219A269B01EDFE3F0B6E82A330A69652" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph id="CDE02D370CB46D02ACF7725F86A56E26" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Redescription of the paratype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8783BC7167A2AAEC9F877EEBB0111B9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD02086EB374A675AA22260689A223F4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
(CIB DL201070102) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A7AEBCFA4702C89FF5EA7B926459618" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus yingjiangensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yingjiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1DEECA481943EC0979938B1E6D953C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus yingjiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Chen et al. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2C17D01011E53D0D6F478A80F90DBC7" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen CIB DL 201070102 (Paratype of T. yingjiangensis, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Lateral view of the head, right side; D Lateral view of the head, left side; E Dorsal view of the head; F Ventral view of the head; G Latero-ventral aspect of the body; H Latero-ventral aspect of the tail. Photos by G. Vogel." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019995" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Below we provide a brief redescription of the paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7203F19AE3EE6E6ADC065888B74F813A" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. yingjiangensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="yingjiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FDBEB7EE0A57D902D478D3DE959B05F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. yingjiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CIB DL201070102), examined by one of us (GV), in order to provide a detailed morphological data justifying the synonymy of this taxon with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F6EF68D7EDEBC7D6ED26C4D8B263D6" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="16E7F4D043905DEE4CE0BA77EEA42D16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as proposed based on molecular data by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A2CE31808C7C0B9473D39A58706C7F25" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" author="Mirza, ZA" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="91 - 104" refId="B91" refString="Mirza, ZA, Lalremsanga, HT, Bhosale, H, Gowande, G, Patel, Harshil, Idiiatullina, SS, Poyarkov, NA, 2023. Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 sensu lato. Evolutionary Systematics 7: 91 - 104, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" title="Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 sensu lato." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" volume="7" year="2023">Mirza et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2EDD46288B6C88662AE7D18F37FA921B" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">An adult male in a very good state of preservation.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5BF76A2359FD37C79AE3E53BEE60CCE7" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="morphology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B70D8BABA2AF88A1E7CA42E0C7E526E" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Morphology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D26E4F359CF286D5ACC8BF8C8ACE392B" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Body cylindrical, long, and laterally compressed; SVL 594 mm, TaL 148 mm, TL 742 mm, TaL/TL 0.199. Head triangular in dorsal view, elongate, clearly distinct from the neck (HL 29.8 mm, HW 18.1 mm, HL/SVL 0.05); snout elongate, flattened, and rounded when seen from above, rather rectangular when seen from lateral side, with a very distinct and sharp canthus rostralis; loreal pit present, triangular in shape. Eye average (ED 12.9 mm); pupil vertically elliptic.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D75762302E20224817B5615719656932" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="body scalation">
|
||
<paragraph id="6B56A16C6E481389BB40537E99777919" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Body scalation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4AF0186C05A8AAFC9488AF393C32B622" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
Dorsal scales in 21-21-15 rows; dorsal scales all moderately keeled, except the first row the scales of which are smooth; 164 ventrals (plus single preventral); cloacal plate single; 76 subcaudals, all divided. Hemipenes long, reaching to 23-24 SC, forked opposite fifth to sixth subcaudal scale, no spines (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AB8873ADEE701B6D5E66DD39310E769" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen CIB DL 201070102 (Paratype of T. yingjiangensis, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Lateral view of the head, right side; D Lateral view of the head, left side; E Dorsal view of the head; F Ventral view of the head; G Latero-ventral aspect of the body; H Latero-ventral aspect of the tail. Photos by G. Vogel." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019995" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">6H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FC325490B2EE13A352E62C08DAEDDE87" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019995" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph id="F796E42D44E21CF6B39F7D3E8DD5E6E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="6F6DCF7943587CA97B3AD9865EDDD2A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24002B230521BD0AE1395AB6D362F3D5" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA0E0B38ABF7BC32E854D85E7FEF26AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in preservative - specimen CIB DL201070102 (Paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6CF6366515710BD4E21821666EC0A8E" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. yingjiangensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="yingjiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="74AA56EF358DCD8828BF9528E2F77837" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. yingjiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male)
|
||
<emphasis id="79FAE6F56E1E5A82C0D6C54EF2D252AB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">A</emphasis>
|
||
General dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="2FB69A90D674E56EFAC4E83A46AFBBC6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">B</emphasis>
|
||
General ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="3881264DB47D6513E831125C2AB9B564" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">C</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of the head, right side;
|
||
<emphasis id="FECD5971AB038844D763998F7DB7DC89" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">D</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of the head, left side;
|
||
<emphasis id="F307D4697354B8C141D4726C2697EFF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">E</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of the head;
|
||
<emphasis id="3C80587FCA584A2ECB1FDD19E5D38F7E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">F</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of the head;
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA57820494FBDAE10584D2934473C09" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">G</emphasis>
|
||
Latero-ventral aspect of the body;
|
||
<emphasis id="A5626EDB19DA14FE8BE14D4A284C359E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">H</emphasis>
|
||
Latero-ventral aspect of the tail. Photos by G. Vogel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D9D5D5B1F943FF088FFAA0F5E2225834" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="head scalation">
|
||
<paragraph id="7AB73D4FCB3E1F48A0804F6050FDC32E" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Head scalation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F010754C1092D08242B994653A51EA9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
Rostral slightly visible from above, triangular, broader than high; one enlarged internasal on each side, internasals separated by one small scale behind the top of rostral (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FC266C86F24E8A96B00EED254D1FACCE" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen CIB DL 201070102 (Paratype of T. yingjiangensis, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Lateral view of the head, right side; D Lateral view of the head, left side; E Dorsal view of the head; F Ventral view of the head; G Latero-ventral aspect of the body; H Latero-ventral aspect of the tail. Photos by G. Vogel." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019995" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">6E</figureCitation>
|
||
); nostril completely included in the entire nasal scale, pentagonal, not divided, elongate, as long as high; nasal scale completely separated from the first supralabial (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="79C52433369B8281B714978DB36229A6" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen CIB DL 201070102 (Paratype of T. yingjiangensis, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Lateral view of the head, right side; D Lateral view of the head, left side; E Dorsal view of the head; F Ventral view of the head; G Latero-ventral aspect of the body; H Latero-ventral aspect of the tail. Photos by G. Vogel." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019995" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">6C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); one internasal on each side, pentagonal, curved, wide, transversely elongate, separated by one small scale; two small scales between the nasal and the second supralabial; scales on the upper snout surface and in the interorbital region smooth, irregular, barely imbricate; 3/3 canthal scales, slightly larger than adjacent snout scales, bordering the canthus rostralis between the internasal and corresponding supraocular; temporal and occipital scales obtusely keeled; one relatively large triangular loreal between the upper preocular and the nasal; two elongate upper preoculars above loreal pit, lower one bordering the upper margin of loreal pit, upper one visible from above, both elongate and in contact with loreal; lower preocular forming lower margin of loreal pit; one supraocular on each side, long, much longer than wide, cephalic scales relatively small, irregular or slightly rounded, juxtaposed, flat and smooth; 11 irregular cephalic scales between the supraoculars; one long, thin, crescent-like subocular scale; occipital scales rhombohedral, distinctly but obtusely keeled; 2/2 small postoculars; 10/11 supralabials, first supralabial short, entirely separated from the nasal by a distinct suture; second supralabial tall, forming the anterior border of loreal pit; third supralabial largest and in contact with the subocular on each side; fourth and fifth supralabials much lower than the third one, separated from the subocular by one scale on each side (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E23F2452603532CC7C4AE50B03E564ED" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen CIB DL 201070102 (Paratype of T. yingjiangensis, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Lateral view of the head, right side; D Lateral view of the head, left side; E Dorsal view of the head; F Ventral view of the head; G Latero-ventral aspect of the body; H Latero-ventral aspect of the tail. Photos by G. Vogel." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019995" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">6C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); 12/12 infralabials, those of the first pair in contact with each other behind the mental, the first three pairs in contact with the single pair of chin shields. Five pairs of gulars aligned between the chin shields and the first preventral (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2C43D6F6E2639FCBA68B21FAF1F2F77" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen CIB DL 201070102 (Paratype of T. yingjiangensis, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Lateral view of the head, right side; D Lateral view of the head, left side; E Dorsal view of the head; F Ventral view of the head; G Latero-ventral aspect of the body; H Latero-ventral aspect of the tail. Photos by G. Vogel." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019995" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">6F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DAF9290D2D5263C4982F2D9001D56EBF" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="coloration in preservative">
|
||
<paragraph id="B8F7C712D1DBC10E27FDDB64A0AC9D8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Coloration in preservative</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="48FE4C099A8C6A1A2BB46902EFE44B9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="3996B11C94B4E542C5A8790032E67543" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C6EE1C18332E343155A006904F5FC7D8" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Trimeresurus popeiorum in preservative - specimen CIB DL 201070102 (Paratype of T. yingjiangensis, adult male) A General dorsal view; B General ventral view; C Lateral view of the head, right side; D Lateral view of the head, left side; E Dorsal view of the head; F Ventral view of the head; G Latero-ventral aspect of the body; H Latero-ventral aspect of the tail. Photos by G. Vogel." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019995" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">6</figureCitation>
|
||
and Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BAACC2E34F80388DDF206191080C4A27" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of the species and subspecies of the subgenus Trimesurus Popeia. Base map created using simplemappr. net. A dot in the center of a colored circle denotes type locality. Colors of circles and locality numbers correspond to those in Figures 2 - 3 and Appendix II; for locality information see Appendix VIII. Type localities of the included taxa are shown in colored clouds; taxon names that are not valid nomina of recognized taxa are shown in quotes." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019990" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">1D</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2F7A032358457869FC8F0DB033886C11" DOI="https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" author="Chen, Z" journalOrPublisher="Asian Herpetological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="13 - 23" refId="B15" refString="Chen, Z, Zhang, L, Shi, J, Tang, Y, Guo, Y, Song, Z, Ding, L, 2019. A new species of the genus Trimeresurus from southwest China (Squamata: Viperidae). Asian Herpetological Research 10: 13 - 23, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" title="A new species of the genus Trimeresurus from southwest China (Squamata: Viperidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" volume="10" year="2019">Chen et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The body is uniform deep bluish-green (bright grass-green in life), without darker areas or crossbands; a conspicuous, bicolored ventrolateral stripe extends from the beginning of the neck to the vent, pinkish-brown (bright deep red in life) ventrally, this color covering nearly the whole surface of scales of the first dorsal scale row except their upper posterior corner that is cream (white in life), same as the lower half of scales of the second row. The tail is bluish-green like the dorsum; the ventrolateral stripe extends up to the first third of the tail; near its end, the dorsal surface of the tail is irregularly mottled with pinkish-orange (rusty-red in life).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="920D041AE45C49FF90EA0021EBA0337B" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">The dorsal surface of the head and temporal region are bluish-green like the body; the side of the head below the eye, i.e., the sides of the snout, nasal scale, anterior supralabials and lower temporals, is distinctly paler than the dorsal surface of the head, namely pale bluish-green (pale green in life); thin and short bicoloured postocular strip (red and white), runs from the posterior part of the subocular to the angle of the jaw. The chin and throat are pale sea-green (yellow green in life), uniform but with few faint darker areas on infralabials sometimes. The eye is grey but it was deep fire-red in life. The venter is uniform pale sea-green (yellow green in life); dorsal tail heavily mottled with dark red blotches, the dark red blotches contiguous posteriorly; the ventral surface of the tail is as the venter anteriorly, tip of tail red on dorsal while dark salmon on ventral.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2B693DDA9E7D15862014D0DBF20C17EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="5AA8AE68813AAB26F3F775688F9B217F" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="867E5A72A78BA254FB04049E03260B40" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
This description is based on the ten specimens examined by us, supplemented by data from 15 specimens published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B943F4978A68572A9AD4D3E92DD77BC6" author="Das, A" journalOrPublisher="Herpetology Notes" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="261 - 278" refId="B20" refString="Das, A, Sharma, P, Surendran, H., Nath, A, Ghosh, S, Dutta, D, Mondol, J, Wangdi, Y, 2016. Additions to the herpetofauna of Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan, with six new country records. Herpetology Notes 9: 261 - 278" title="Additions to the herpetofauna of Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan, with six new country records." volume="9" year="2016">Das et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC442B836015617487DDF7F58A9AE2D5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" author="Chen, Z" journalOrPublisher="Asian Herpetological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="13 - 23" refId="B15" refString="Chen, Z, Zhang, L, Shi, J, Tang, Y, Guo, Y, Song, Z, Ding, L, 2019. A new species of the genus Trimeresurus from southwest China (Squamata: Viperidae). Asian Herpetological Research 10: 13 - 23, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" title="A new species of the genus Trimeresurus from southwest China (Squamata: Viperidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" volume="10" year="2019">Chen et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="01952C4F761C50931191D3D9A6CA2D71" DOI="https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-2-85-92" author="Liu, S" journalOrPublisher="Russian Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B78" refString="Liu, S, Lwin, YH, Quan, RC, 2022. First record of Trimeresurus yingjiangensis (Squamata: Viperidae) from Myanmar. Russian Journal of Herpetology 29: 85 - 92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-2-85-92" title="First record of Trimeresurus yingjiangensis (Squamata: Viperidae) from Myanmar." url="https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-2-85-92" volume="29" year="2022">Liu et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EDBA5BE7CB200E65385BEB0D42694D65" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" author="Mirza, ZA" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="91 - 104" refId="B91" refString="Mirza, ZA, Lalremsanga, HT, Bhosale, H, Gowande, G, Patel, Harshil, Idiiatullina, SS, Poyarkov, NA, 2023. Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 sensu lato. Evolutionary Systematics 7: 91 - 104, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" title="Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 sensu lato." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" volume="7" year="2023">Mirza et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see Table S3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9CC9276BE2018AD1513E9BE5F67A8468" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="morphology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F0EC10C2C40038BDF127C145C04A7E3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Morphology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5263C9E56BCF746A58137BC518BB8883" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">The maximum known total length is 925 mm in males (NHMUK 1872.4.17.137), 848 mm in females (NHMUK 1891.9.11.28). The body is robust but relatively slender in males, thicker in large females, laterally compressed; head triangular, elongate, wide posteriorly, flattened in males, moderately thick in females, clearly distinct from the neck; snout elongate, distinctly flattened, rounded seen from above, angular and obliquely truncated in profile view, with a distinct canthus rostralis; nostril piercing in the middle of nasal scale; eye average, amounting for 0.9-1.2 times in males and 0.7-1.1 times in females the distance between the lower margin of eye and upper lip border; tail average to long, progressively tapering and distinctly prehensile; ratio TaL/TL 0.140-0.219, with a weak sexual dimorphism (males: 0.179-0.219; females: 0.140-0.191).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EB65468D5FD022999AB58B924EEAA22F" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="body scalation">
|
||
<paragraph id="D488294B15DEB6E65739B5A4B5B0AFA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Body scalation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C88CD63CD76A573ED83DA830D3EEDC22" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Dorsal scales rhombohedral, more or less strongly keeled in males, weakly keeled in females, in 21-21-15 (73%) or 23-21-15 (23%) rows (exceptionally in 25-21-15 rows; 4%); scales of the first dorsal scale row smooth and not enlarged; 159-173 ventrals (plus one or two preventrals), rounded; 57-76 paired subcaudal scales with overlapping sexual dimorphism (64-76 in males, 57-70 in females); cloacal plate entire.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="30ADC2D540C501682738B35D2F9013D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="head scalation">
|
||
<paragraph id="9CE14F7F22E46EF0B5D874AB7BBC8DE7" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Head scalation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="05A4950582F6F303F40C448EEAAA903A" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Rostral much broader than high, triangular, well visible from above; nasal subrectangular, entire, elongate, longer than high; one internasal on each side, pentagonal, curved, wide, transversely elongate, separated by one (90%) or rarely two (10%) small scales; four or five canthal scales, slightly larger than adjacent snout scales, bordering the canthus rostralis between the internasal and corresponding supraocular; one relatively large triangular loreal between the upper preocular and nasal; two upper preoculars above loreal pit, lower one bordering the upper margin of loreal pit, upper one visible from above, both elongate and in contact with loreal; lower preocular forming lower margin of loreal pit; one supraocular on each side, entire, elongate and rather narrow, about 2.7-3.3 times longer than wide, about 0.5-0.9 times as wide as the internasals, indented on their inner margins by the upper head scales; cephalic scales relatively small, irregular or slightly rounded, juxtaposed, flat and smooth; 10-13 cephalic scales on a line between supraoculars; occipital scales rhombohedral, moderately or more frequently distinctly keeled in males, smooth or weakly keeled in females; temporals rhombohedral, distinctly keeled or less frequently smooth in males, always smooth in females; on each side, one thin, elongate, subocular scale, crescent-shaped; 2-3 small postoculars; 9-13 (usually 10-12) supralabials; first supralabial short, entirely separated from the nasal by a distinct suture; second supralabial tall, always forming the anterior border of loreal pit, separated from the nasal by one or two small scales; third supralabial the longest and highest, rather tall, usually separated from the subocular by one scale on each side (77.8%), rarely in contact (22.2%); fourth supralabial as long as high, lower than third supralabial, separated from subocular by one scale; fifth supralabial smaller than the fourth one, separated from the subocular by one or two scales of similar size; 10-15 (generally 12 or 13) infralabials, those of the first pair in contact with each other, the first three pairs in contact with the chin shields.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="87251505AF94B4FC5ECBCF362400F2A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="coloration and pattern">
|
||
<paragraph id="A01629E0E76779BA51D5C279E8BA6A12" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Coloration and pattern.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="605B67E7D992A4F62CE9E45EBE014F9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
In life, the body is uniform bright green, grass-green, deep green, bluish-green or even turquoise blue (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E5ADEBB5C343B3A2B3936C110726AAF" author="Wall, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="337 - 357" refId="B146" refString="Wall, F, 1909. Notes on snakes from the neighbourhood of Darjeeling. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 19: 337 - 357" title="Notes on snakes from the neighbourhood of Darjeeling." volume="19" year="1909">Wall 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In preservative, the general background color remains green or turns to bluish-green, reddish-brown, brown or even black. Generally, numerous faint, dark transversal bands due to the dark brown or dark grey skin between the dorsal scales; in males, a broad and conspicuous, bicolored ventrolateral stripe, bright red, deep red or rusty brown on its lower part covering the lower half of the scales of the first dorsal scale row, white or whitish-yellow above on the upper posterior half of scales of the first row and on the lower part of scales of the second row, extends from the angle of the mouth to the base of the tail; in females, the ventrolateral stripe is thinner, white or creamish-yellow anteriorly, white or cream posteriorly, conspicuous and extends from the neck to the base of the tail on the first dorsal scale row. The tail is of the same green color than the dorsum, irregularly mottled with reddish-brown or rusty brown, without a clear demarcation between the red and green colors, entirely reddish-brown posteriorly; the ventrolateral stripe extends up to the first third to half-length of the tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BBB84F1A11C7742CA221060921B04092" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
The dorsal surface of the head and temporal region are uniform green or bluish-green like the body; the side of the head below the eye, i.e., the lower sides of the snout, nasal scale, and anterior supralabials and lower temporals, is distinctly paler than the dorsal surface of the head, generally pale green, yellowish-green or pale bluish-green; in males, a vivid, broad, bicolored postocular streak, the lower part narrow and white, the upper part broad and bright red, rusty-red or brownish-red, present at any age, extends from the postoculars obliquely towards the angle of the mouth then to the lower side of the neck where it connects to the ventrolateral stripe; in females, the postocular streak is usually absent, or present as a white and thin line. The chin and throat are generally pale yellowish-green, with infralabials sometimes bright yellow or marked with green. The eye is bright red, fire-red or deep red in life in adult specimens of both sexes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FCB1F6985A4CDC483A5BE1F2BA528F48" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Trimeresurus popeiorum, T. nebularis, and T. phuketensis in life. - Trimeresurus popeiorum: A Buxa Tiger Reserve, West Bengal, India (adult male); B Karimganj, Assam, India (adult female); C Aizawl, Mizoram, India (adult female); D Inn Gyin Taung Mt., Kachin, Myanmar (male); E Yingjiang, Yunnan, China (adult male); T. nebularis: F, G Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia (adult male and adult female, respectively); T. phuketensis: H Phuket Is., Phuket, Thailand (adult male); I Sri Phang Nga NP, Phang Nga, Thailand (adult male). Photos by: P. Ray (A), R. Gassah (B), G. Vogel (C, E-G), N. A. Poyarkov (D), R. Grassby-Lewis (H), and S. Plongnui (I)" figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019996" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">7A-E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AAE9441D0F253BDCFD80BEE75BC0B3D9" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019996" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph id="F76D87F7D9721C4B1D3188D00A7EE458" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="5F62ECDDFC459C3B5A74E4A936F8EF27" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2C2FEDFB1EE642D11DF95E2E426E72C" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C6078189169F6FD5856DFFC6964DDE3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6B647CC76B2620300CBAFC89BB5CE7C" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nebularis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="nebularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6934ACC0F841A616A6F4F9827146B090" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. nebularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28F8E3DD2B237CEAD0372AA2C03A0614" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. phuketensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="phuketensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D3FEEEE51980637C83687E7BE74926" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. phuketensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life. -
|
||
<taxonomicName id="972DB924CECD5637E58E1F1C40AF665A" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="84D7E6BA912C709C4AF627536B217493" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="3833F0AB11D8BBA2C9646928730F6BC5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">A</emphasis>
|
||
Buxa Tiger Reserve, West Bengal, India (adult male);
|
||
<emphasis id="469276998AD68F0B3D2BD400BE878877" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">B</emphasis>
|
||
Karimganj, Assam, India (adult female);
|
||
<emphasis id="5C82003534A5051328EFD0B7E0EE8B46" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">C</emphasis>
|
||
Aizawl, Mizoram, India (adult female);
|
||
<emphasis id="5C52798EDD6B746D9D073092766997E8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">D</emphasis>
|
||
Inn Gyin Taung Mt., Kachin, Myanmar (male);
|
||
<emphasis id="6591A978D2D5F3CD068B4742C5597192" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">E</emphasis>
|
||
Yingjiang, Yunnan, China (adult male);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9400DA715E32A2216DA5292927A9D49C" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nebularis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="nebularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C9E7D1780711AD48B1BFCD89142777E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. nebularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="90A2CD57B8509EDEE4D94D82FAFE3E9A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="F8F9B8A126CBBD06FBEEEF610EC70A75" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">G</emphasis>
|
||
Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia (adult male and adult female, respectively);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64E824B3D87E27017C4F3F09FE62C46A" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. phuketensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="phuketensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D600E051B8CB1EC5964039624C5C01DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. phuketensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="92D57F4DFBB55F589C2781F8CF337E31" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">H</emphasis>
|
||
Phuket Is., Phuket, Thailand (adult male);
|
||
<emphasis id="3A46D0F3FE114DA6ED4207FC3026ABED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">I</emphasis>
|
||
Sri Phang Nga NP, Phang Nga, Thailand (adult male). Photos by: P. Ray (A), R. Gassah (B), G. Vogel (C, E-G), N. A. Poyarkov (D), R. Grassby-Lewis (H), and S. Plongnui (I)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="81F424281ABD365DB278000CC37BE224" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">The venter is uniform yellowish-green or pale green; tips of ventrals red as the lower part of the ventrolateral stripe. The ventral surface of the tail is as the venter anteriorly, becoming rusty-red on its posterior half to third.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9A21667855F76A830C30AA7E0FD52DE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="hemipenis">
|
||
<paragraph id="201F77958E08074A17A592A5A772878A" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Hemipenis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C361A26A1271A39119A99778FF43DD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
The organ is long and thin, deeply forked, extending to the 25th or 26th subcaudal scale in situ, forked opposite at the level of the sixth to eighth subcaudal scales; the base of the organ, up to the point of bifurcation, is entirely smooth with longitudinal folds, except for the sulcus spermaticus; from the point of bifurcation up to the tip of the organ, each fork is finely calyculate. The sulcus is prominent; it divides near the base of the organ and ends near the tip of the fork (based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E3E1EF4415271F89AE5EA1C2C2B2EAD0" author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="730 - 731" refId="B122" refString="Smith, MA, 1937. The names of two Indian vipers. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 39: 730 - 731" title="The names of two Indian vipers." volume="39" year="1937">Smith 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69F122A4886CB25968EBA978D2157880" DOI="https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" author="Chen, Z" journalOrPublisher="Asian Herpetological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="13 - 23" refId="B15" refString="Chen, Z, Zhang, L, Shi, J, Tang, Y, Guo, Y, Song, Z, Ding, L, 2019. A new species of the genus Trimeresurus from southwest China (Squamata: Viperidae). Asian Herpetological Research 10: 13 - 23, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" title="A new species of the genus Trimeresurus from southwest China (Squamata: Viperidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" volume="10" year="2019">Chen et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="587B72A6EFC0ED75410E350000CF9697" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" author="Mirza, ZA" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="91 - 104" refId="B91" refString="Mirza, ZA, Lalremsanga, HT, Bhosale, H, Gowande, G, Patel, Harshil, Idiiatullina, SS, Poyarkov, NA, 2023. Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 sensu lato. Evolutionary Systematics 7: 91 - 104, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" title="Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 sensu lato." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" volume="7" year="2023">Mirza et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; our data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2ABDACC7A91A4ABB9EF9F29820120635" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="dentition">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F4C8C2BB76FC675D8A1652759FF4B61" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Dentition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C53D253E1010AB1A23BE3715A5F8A76C" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
Maxilla with one functional and 5-6 replacement fangs; palatine with four teeth, pterygoid with eight teeth, 10-12 dentary teeth (based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91DAE9FBE38B15695708F0D0492BABE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" author="Mirza, ZA" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="91 - 104" refId="B91" refString="Mirza, ZA, Lalremsanga, HT, Bhosale, H, Gowande, G, Patel, Harshil, Idiiatullina, SS, Poyarkov, NA, 2023. Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 sensu lato. Evolutionary Systematics 7: 91 - 104, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" title="Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 sensu lato." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.97026" volume="7" year="2023">Mirza et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; and our data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A0E784D5C5CA0F5D2EB561B7C943CF9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="784FBB8C1A6CA9C8DB5344CD28269AE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="49096C43B469D79AB6DBB91CF65032EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCEF37BCC91E1220E1D43A540BA217C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="12281C9570CD78CBAF57A4C1FD1A6BD7" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of the species and subspecies of the subgenus Trimesurus Popeia. Base map created using simplemappr. net. A dot in the center of a colored circle denotes type locality. Colors of circles and locality numbers correspond to those in Figures 2 - 3 and Appendix II; for locality information see Appendix VIII. Type localities of the included taxa are shown in colored clouds; taxon names that are not valid nomina of recognized taxa are shown in quotes." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113347.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1019990" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Based on our definition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22CF992CAFA94332F9C520F456419DDB" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BACDACC901C4841F988AA3AF6F6E67E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we establish its range as follows:
|
||
<emphasis id="1F6EF5087A1EDB3D7810547E46DC4A8A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">India</emphasis>
|
||
(northeasternern part of the country, in the states of Sikkim, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Mizoram);
|
||
<emphasis id="0366672D21644384205D4B7F2D1E4A33" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Bhutan</emphasis>
|
||
(south);
|
||
<emphasis id="002624B9732CEAEA695049E738DFAE3F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Nepal</emphasis>
|
||
(east);
|
||
<emphasis id="4D06C6E056D96FEE6F90813DBBEFE927" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Bangladesh</emphasis>
|
||
(southeast: Chittagong Province),
|
||
<emphasis id="FC8CD905411D1E498F4193D00B7368CD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">China</emphasis>
|
||
(western Yunnan Province: Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture), and
|
||
<emphasis id="2ADEC66DC240E74962DA55F4B331CA5A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Myanmar</emphasis>
|
||
(northern and southwestern parts of the country, in Kachin and Chin States, and Sagaing Region). The southernmost record for this species is from Ngape Township, Rakhine Yoma, Rakhine State, Myanmar (our data). The occurrence of this species in the states of Nagaland and Manipur, India, is expected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BC2272E5B7C5C52031BF18C7EFA5960A" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="FDFF6FC88E5C5807F1D9CD9478F8F8A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Natural history notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="018CB431ED44A3A265B25A2719153B9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19C0B8C1D49749C12266CF3EC61159AA" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Trimeresurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trimeresurus popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0D671C4258A89219CED167B7BF912F9D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">Trimeresurus popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits hilly and montane regions covered with humid tropical and subtropical submontane and montane evergreen forests and semi-evergreen forests.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="113128666E7F4536C1367136E6F7D596" DOI="https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" author="Chen, Z" journalOrPublisher="Asian Herpetological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="13 - 23" refId="B15" refString="Chen, Z, Zhang, L, Shi, J, Tang, Y, Guo, Y, Song, Z, Ding, L, 2019. A new species of the genus Trimeresurus from southwest China (Squamata: Viperidae). Asian Herpetological Research 10: 13 - 23, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" title="A new species of the genus Trimeresurus from southwest China (Squamata: Viperidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180062" volume="10" year="2019">Chen et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that at the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BD865AB4E6E8C2239883E83E58A705A" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. yingjiangensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="yingjiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EA79563B9211F70E3C1D81F3E53F56AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. yingjiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Yunnan Province this species prefers to inhabit sites near streams at an elevation of about 1000 m, and can be found perched on branches waiting for prey in ambush. In contrast, in Myanmar,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D48FB37DDA246351048FCAF975BD1F5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-2-85-92" author="Liu, S" journalOrPublisher="Russian Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B78" refString="Liu, S, Lwin, YH, Quan, RC, 2022. First record of Trimeresurus yingjiangensis (Squamata: Viperidae) from Myanmar. Russian Journal of Herpetology 29: 85 - 92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-2-85-92" title="First record of Trimeresurus yingjiangensis (Squamata: Viperidae) from Myanmar." url="https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-2-85-92" volume="29" year="2022">Liu et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found individuals perched on small or big trees at elevations of only 155-176 m, and no rivers or streams were nearby. In the Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram State, India,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="20D58D2EFB00E03FCE978DF23798BC84" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8004.14.10.21946-21960" author="Malsawmdawngliana," journalOrPublisher="Journal of Threatened Taxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" pagination="21946 - 21960" refId="B83" refString="Malsawmdawngliana, , Boruah, B, Patel, NG, Lalronunga, S, Zosangliana, I, Lalhmangaiha, K, Das, A, 2022. An updated checklist of reptiles from Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India, with sixteen new distribution records. Journal of Threatened Taxa 14: 21946 - 21960, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8004.14.10.21946-21960" title="An updated checklist of reptiles from Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India, with sixteen new distribution records." url="https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8004.14.10.21946-21960" volume="14" year="2022">Malsawmdawngliana et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that this species was quite common in their study area. These authors encountered more than ten individuals among roadside vegetation and along forest trails, and a female perched in ambush position on a small guava tree near the guest house. In Mizoram State, one of the authors of the present paper (GV) found a large female, on a tree trunk at about 1.7 m above the ground, in a secondary forest at an elevation of about 800 m. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F19408ED1A7F4D63B4FB46667DB5F50D" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. popeiorum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="popeiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F79CA563183767E36A536DD0C8146577" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. popeiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be common across lower-elevation forests of Arunachal Pradesh State. Most individuals were observed perched on vegetation along roads, but we observed a higher number of individuals along streams. The species is found in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F7F35D68700BE61852CFBC64DFA95F6" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. salazar" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="salazar">
|
||
<emphasis id="C089D0CC304BD9EB9D8443EE8775F3BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. salazar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mirza, Bhosale, Phansalkar, Sawant, Gowande & Patel in Arunachal Pradesh and Assam states and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C1217905203BC170C70ACF76FBEC842" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. erythrurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="erythrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF62F07D8C7A1AF4056B583341E79765" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="303">T. erythrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cantor) in Meghalaya and Mizoram states.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |