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<document id="EFE0965FDA264CACB274415D8E031E41" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090-408.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5380942" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630291433617" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Grimaldi, David A." docDate="2016" docId="CF1987FEE95DED6E40C4FBB9CA20756B" docLanguage="en" docName="B408.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2016 (408)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/0003-0090-408.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hirmoneura richterae Mostovski and Delclos" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="3320FF86E968ED594067FFE6CB5D7470" masterDocTitle="Diverse Orthorrhaphan Flies (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera) In Amber From The Cretaceous Of Myanmar: Brachycera In Cretaceous Amber, Part Vii David A. Grimaldi" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1699216921357" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DD805F257E0B6336F7300556FE36DAAC">Diverse Orthorrhaphan Flies (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera) In Amber From The Cretaceous Of Myanmar: Brachycera In Cretaceous Amber, Part Vii David A. Grimaldi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6C074F3AA7D7D747783532FF54C84F3B">Grimaldi, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="0FAA6563E95DED6C40C4FBB9CAF770E7" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="470F36E8E95DED6C40C4FBB9CAF770E7" blockId="53.[163,605,1118,1175]" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="1C478184E95DED6C40C4FBB9CAF770E7" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95DED6C40C4FBB9CAF770E7" ID-CoL="8CCBR" authority="Mostovski and Delclos" authorityName="Mostovski and Delclos" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richterae">
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95DED6C40C4FBB9CA757006" box="[163,296,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">Hirmoneura</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95DED6C4130FBB8CAE97006" box="[343,436,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">richterae</emphasis>
Mostovski and Delclòs
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FAA6563E95DED6F416AFB57C8B77253" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="470F36E8E95DED6C416AFB57CAAE70B9" blockId="53.[269,499,1201,1225]" box="[269,499,1201,1225]" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="1C478184E95DED6C416AFB57CAAE70B9" box="[269,499,1201,1225]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" reason="2">
<figureCitation id="DF8B2A6DE95DED6C416AFB57CACF70B9" box="[269,402,1201,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="51.[120,162,1365,1386]" captionTargetBox="[123,1214,225,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-130@51.[120,1224,224,1335]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIG. 17. Wings of three species of Hirmoneura Meigen (Nemestrinidae) in Burmese amber. A. Hirmoneura caudiprima new species, holotype, AMNH Bu-SE17. B. Hirmoneura zigrasi, new species, holotype, JZC Bu-169. C. Hirmoneura aff. richterae Mostovski and Martínez-Delclòs, HP-B-6084." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5380977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5380977/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">Figures 17C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DF8B2A6DE95DED6C41F9FB57CA9070B9" box="[414,461,1201,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="54.[120,162,1137,1158]" captionTargetBox="[189,1171,230,1100]" captionTargetId="figure-224@54.[171,1174,224,1108]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIG. 18. Details of Hirmoneura spp. in Burmese amber. AC. Hirmoneura caudiprima, holotype AMNH Bu-SE17. D. Hirmoneura aff. richterae, HP-B-6084. A. Head, oblique dorsal view. B. Antenna, dorsolateral view (as preserved). C. Female terminalia, left lateral view. D. Face and mouthparts, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5380979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5380979/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">18D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DF8B2A6DE95DED6C41BEFB57CAAE70B9" box="[473,499,1201,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="110.[120,162,1520,1541]" captionTargetBox="[120,1224,224,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-32@110.[120,1224,224,1489]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIG. 50. Hirmoneura aff. richterae Mostovksi et al. (Nemestrinidae), HP-B-6084. A. Habitus, ventral view. B. Head, ventral. C. Left wing. D. Terminalia, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381045/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">50</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="470F36E8E95DED6C40FFFB05CAFE7235" blockId="53.[120,649,1251,1738]" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">
EMENDED DIAGNOSIS: A very small species, body length
<quantity id="80489B0DE95DED6C4169FAE2CA2A716B" box="[270,375,1284,1308]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.01" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="6.01">6.01 mm</quantity>
, wing length
<quantity id="80489B0DE95DED6C427CFAE2C9D8716B" box="[539,645,1284,1308]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.02" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="6.02">6.02 mm</quantity>
. Venation essentially identical to that of
<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95DED6C4255FAC0CBF3712E" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richterae">
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95DED6C4255FAC0CBF3712E" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">H. richterae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Early Cretaceous, Montsec,
<collectingRegion id="8574F80AE95DED6C4272FAA0C9DE712E" box="[533,643,1350,1374]" country="Spain" name="Catalunya" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">Catalonia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="3FA77678E95DED6C401FFA81CBE5710F" box="[120,184,1383,1407]" name="Spain" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">Spain</collectingCountry>
) in vein branching patterns and proportions. Both species have female cerci slightly elongate (length ca. 3.3× basal width) and tapered to apical point. The only difference between the two species is size,
<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95DED6C4183FA0DC91F7273" box="[484,578,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richterae">
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95DED6C4183FA0DC91F7273" box="[484,578,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">richterae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being larger (
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wing length), which by itself I do not consider diagnostic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="470F36E8E95DED6F40FEF9A9CF6371B0" blockId="53.[120,649,1251,1738]" lastBlockId="54.[696,1225,1250,1736]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">
DESCRIPTION (based on present, amber specimen): Based on female. Among smallest known nemestrinids, head length
<quantity id="80489B0DE95DED6C4270F977C9DE72D8" box="[535,643,1681,1705]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.91">0.91 mm</quantity>
; head width
<quantity id="80489B0DE95DED6C4160F954CA2C72B9" box="[263,369,1714,1738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.73">1.73 mm</quantity>
; body length
<quantity id="80489B0DE95DED6C427EF954C9DE72B9" box="[537,643,1714,1738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.01" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="6.01">6.01 mm</quantity>
; thorax length
<quantity id="80489B0DE95DED6C433DFF04C89D7489" box="[858,960,226,250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.69">1.69 mm</quantity>
; wing length
<quantity id="80489B0DE95DED6C443AFF04CF997489" box="[1117,1220,226,250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.02" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="6.02">6.02 mm</quantity>
; abdomen length
<quantity id="80489B0DE95DED6C431EFEE5C8BC756A" box="[889,993,259,283]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="3.12">3.12 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95DED6C438AFEE5CF6F756B" bold="true" box="[1005,1074,259,283]" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">Head:</emphasis>
Hemispherical in dorsoventral views, slightly flattened in lateral view, width slightly larger than greatest width of thorax. Eyes very large, occupying virtually all of hemispherical anterior portion of head; occiput slightly concave. Eye completely bare, no pilosity; no differentiation of facets. Dorsum of head barely observable, inner margins of eyes almost meeting in middle of frons; ocellar area not visible. Clypeus bulbous, black, slightly oval in shape; laterally flanked by deep paraclypeal pits. Genae are black, setose, rounded lobes facing mediad, forming deep notch posterior to labellum.
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95DED6C4398FD56CF3676B8" bold="true" box="[1023,1131,688,712]" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">Antenna:</emphasis>
Portion distal to basal flagellomere lost; scape short, slightly shorter than pedicel; flagellomere 1 incompletely preserved but seemingly drop shaped.
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95DED6C437EFCD3C8F0773D" bold="true" box="[793,941,821,845]" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">Mouthparts:</emphasis>
Well preserved, though portion of labellum lost at surface. Proboscis short, apex barely extending past ventral surfaces of eyes. Palps long, slender, digitiform, not tapered apicad; projecting forward over paraclypeal sulci; basal palpal segment slightly longer than distal segment; tips dark, most of palp yellowish; palp with fine, erect setae. Proboscis very short, only labellar lobes visible at oral cavity; color light.
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95DED6C4316FBB9C8967007" bold="true" box="[881,971,1119,1143]" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">Thorax:</emphasis>
Robust, dorsally flattened, length
<quantity id="80489B0DE95DED6C4329FB66C8F970E7" box="[846,932,1152,1176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="53" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
, with very short fine setae. Body without long, dense, fine pilosity; small tufts of short pilosity on subalar area. Postalar walls protuberant, forming calli.
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95DED6C4444FB04CF37708A" bold="true" box="[1059,1130,1250,1274]" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">Wing:</emphasis>
Slender, W/L 0.33, anterior and posterior margins almost parallel; membrane entirely hyaline, microtrichia very fine, covering entire membrane of wing. Sc 0.80× length of wing, gradually meets C, apex not upturned. Vein h opposite MA. R
<subScript id="DB3434ADE95DED6C4362FA53C85371B6" attach="left" box="[773,782,1461,1478]" fontSize="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">1</subScript>
very close and parallel to Sc, virtually straight; apices of veins R
<subScript id="DB3434ADE95DED6C43B3FA30C8807197" attach="left" box="[980,989,1494,1511]" fontSize="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">1</subScript>
, R
<subScript id="DB3434ADE95DED6C439BFA30CF587197" attach="left" box="[1020,1029,1494,1511]" fontSize="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">2</subScript>
, R
<subScript id="DB3434ADE95DED6C4443FA30CF1D7197" attach="left" box="[1060,1088,1494,1511]" fontSize="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">3+4</subScript>
, and R
<subScript id="DB3434ADE95DED6C44F7FA33CFC47196" attach="left" box="[1168,1177,1493,1510]" fontSize="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">5</subScript>
virtually parallel. Diagonal vein well formed, running through middle of wing in straight line (no crossveins); no apical radial-medial cells present. Cell br 1.41× length of cell bm, more slender. Cell cup almost closed, apices of CuA
<subScript id="DB3434ADE95DED6C44D8F99DCF9572FC" attach="left" box="[1215,1224,1659,1676]" fontSize="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">2</subScript>
and A
<subScript id="DB3434ADE95DED6C4298F97AC85572DD" attach="left" box="[767,776,1692,1709]" fontSize="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="53">1</subScript>
virtually meeting before wing margin. CuP well defined; anal lobe virtually absent; alula present but shallow. A
<subScript id="DB3434ADE95EED6F41D2FB0BCAE3708E" attach="left" box="[437,446,1261,1278]" fontSize="7" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">2</subScript>
extended beyond distal incision of alula, apex evanescent.
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95EED6F422BFAE5C9D5716B" bold="true" box="[588,648,1283,1307]" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">Legs:</emphasis>
Prolegs and distal portions of mesothoracic legs lost; metathoracic legs slender. Mesocoxa much closer to ipsilateral metacoxa than to procoxa; metacoxa with short, sparse pilosity on mesal surface, no knob on anterior surface. Metafemur with sparse, short pilosity on ventral surface, slightly wider than metatibia; tibia and tarsi with short, dense, decumbent setae; metabasitarsus longer than respective tarsomeres 25 combined. Claws large, empodium pulvilliform. No meso- or metatibial spurs.
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95EED6F401FF969CBA972D7" bold="true" box="[120,244,1679,1703]" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Dorsoventrally compressed, relatively short and broad, width 0.65× the length; abdomen suboval in dorsolateral views, not tapered in width apicad. Tergites and sternites well developed, edges meeting laterally. Female cerci relatively short, length ca. 3.3× basal width, not heavily sclerotized, tapered into apical point but not forming oviscapt. Distal margin of female sternite 9 not visible.
</paragraph>
<caption id="13CF6660E95EED6F401FFB97CF0470B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5380979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5380979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5380979/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="54" startId="54.[120,162,1137,1158]" targetBox="[189,1171,230,1100]" targetPageId="54">
<paragraph id="470F36E8E95EED6F401FFB97CF0470B2" blockId="54.[120,1224,1135,1218]" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">
FIG. 18. Details of
<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95EED6F4122FB96CAA870F6" box="[325,501,1135,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95EED6F4122FB96CA9C70F7" box="[325,449,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">Hirmoneura</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
in Burmese amber.
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95EED6F42A9FB89C85970F7" bold="true" box="[718,772,1135,1159]" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">AC.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95EED6F436AFB96CF5A70F7" authorityName="Grimaldi" authorityYear="2016" box="[781,1031,1135,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudiprima">
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95EED6F436AFB96CF5A70F7" box="[781,1031,1135,1159]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">Hirmoneura caudiprima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype AMNH Bu-SE17.
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95EED6F40B9FB6ACBAA70D4" bold="true" box="[222,247,1164,1188]" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95EED6F4098FB6BC95C70D4" box="[255,513,1164,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richterae">
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95EED6F4098FB6BCA2770D4" box="[255,378,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">Hirmoneura</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95EED6F41CDFB6AC95C70D4" box="[426,513,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">richterae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, HP-B-6084.
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95EED6F42F7FB6AC9F570D4" bold="true" box="[656,680,1164,1188]" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">A.</emphasis>
Head, oblique dorsal view.
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95EED6F43ACFB6AC8BC70D4" bold="true" box="[971,993,1164,1188]" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">B.</emphasis>
Antenna, dorsolateral view (as preserved).
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95EED6F412CFB4FCA3E70B1" bold="true" box="[331,355,1193,1217]" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">C.</emphasis>
Female terminalia, left lateral view.
<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95EED6F42B2FB4CC9B370B2" bold="true" box="[725,750,1194,1218]" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">D.</emphasis>
Face and mouthparts, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="470F36E8E95EED6F42BEFA2FC8B77253" blockId="54.[696,1225,1250,1736]" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">
SPECIMEN: Female, HP-B-6084, in collection of Di-Ying Huang, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Nanjing,
<collectingCountry id="3FA77678E95EED6F43C7F9EDC8BB7253" box="[928,998,1547,1571]" name="China" pageId="54" pageNumber="54">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FAA6563E95EED6E42BEF9CACA20756B" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="54" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
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COMMENTS: The unique specimen lies within a dark piece of amber 18 × 14 ×
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, which also contains two phlebotomine psychodids, a cecidomyiid, and a mite. The fly is missing only portions of the legs and apices of antennae; the dorsum is obscured by several layers of particles, debris, and sand grains.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>