140 lines
15 KiB
XML
140 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="53C966A8663204EB4E5B27117A21D8A1" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090-408.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5380942" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630291433617" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Grimaldi, David A." docDate="2016" docId="CF1987FEE95AED6B401FFEFECF357653" docLanguage="en" docName="B408.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2016 (408)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/0003-0090-408.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hirmoneura Meigen 1820" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="3320FF86E968ED594067FFE6CB5D7470" masterDocTitle="Diverse Orthorrhaphan Flies (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera) In Amber From The Cretaceous Of Myanmar: Brachycera In Cretaceous Amber, Part Vii David A. Grimaldi" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1699216921357" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4B328E7EA8197E41135C65DA87053E4C">Diverse Orthorrhaphan Flies (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera) In Amber From The Cretaceous Of Myanmar: Brachycera In Cretaceous Amber, Part Vii David A. Grimaldi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C95059C1F26DD9464BC233C33803AC04">Grimaldi, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6A09F0E4201D5B478C48F031C78870AA">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="17D03DE762FAB64961AE116865916037">
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<mods:date id="C6FD100B215E2E316BFF1E93C8C8604C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A21EC4DED42D7B8DE25109AD26B79291">2016-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9117E0B2846E90D6B50046F6E86DA6F4">2016</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D15C84B4055C725D6BA443566887161D">408</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="0E91F42DF99C03E7B2D0C2A02F0B9782">132</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="05FDA6ABA18BBF277086CEFF406BDD6C" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0090-408.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CF1987FEE95AED6B401FFEFECF357653" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5465696" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5465696" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF1987FEE95AED6B401FFEFECF357653" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1987FEE95AED6B401FFEFECF357653" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="0FAA6563E95AED6B401FFEFEC9D97522" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="470F36E8E95AED6B401FFEFEC92C7540" blockId="50.[120,650,279,1739]" box="[120,625,279,304]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">
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<heading id="1C478184E95AED6B401FFEFEC92C7540" box="[120,625,279,304]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" reason="6">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="67A011C6E95AED6B401FFEFEC92C7540" box="[120,625,279,304]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">
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<treatmentCitation id="C61110F9E95AED6B401FFEFECA9B7540" author="Meigen, J. W." box="[120,454,279,304]" page="132" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" year="1820">
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<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95AED6B401FFEFECA9B7540" ID-CoL="4XHK" ID-ENA="388531" authority="Meigen, 1820: 132" authorityName="Meigen" authorityPageNumber="132" authorityYear="1820" box="[120,454,279,304]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95AED6B401FFEFECBA7755F" box="[120,250,280,303]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">Hirmoneura</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="23214B19E95AED6B4166FEF1CA9B7540" author="Meigen, J. W." box="[257,454,279,304]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" refId="ref59100" refString="Meigen, J. W. 1820. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten: Zweiter Theil. Aachen: F. W. Forstmannx + 365 pp., + 10 pls." type="book" year="1820">Meigen, 1820: 132</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Bernardi, 1973
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="470F36E8E95AED6B40CEFEDCC9D97522" blockId="50.[120,650,279,1739]" box="[169,644,314,338]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">(synonyms and major subsequent citations).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FAA6563E95AED6B40FFFE80CAA776F6" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="470F36E8E95AED6B40FFFE80CAA776F6" blockId="50.[120,650,279,1739]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">DIAGNOSIS (adapted and modified from Bernardi, 1973): Head broad, hemispherical; proboscis small, barely visible past oral margin; basal flagellomere drop shaped, with three slender, apical flagellar articles forming stylus, apical article longest and fine; venation with few or generally no apical radial and medial cells; cell cup absent; hypandrium (male) highly reduced or lost; female cerci long, tapered, apically pointed.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FAA6563E95AED6B40FFFD76CA7D76B8" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="470F36E8E95AED6B40FFFD76CA7D76B8" blockId="50.[120,650,279,1739]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">
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<collectionCode id="21A1AE2DE95AED6B40FFFD76CA6C76D7" box="[152,305,655,679]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">
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<typeStatus id="980B884AE95AED6B40FFFD76CB9276D7" box="[152,207,656,679]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">TYPE</typeStatus>
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SPECIES
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</collectionCode>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95AED6B4126FD76CB9E76B8" authority="(Wiedemann)" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
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<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95AED6B4126FD76C97E76D7" box="[321,547,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">Hirmoneura obscura</emphasis>
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(Wiedemann)
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</taxonomicName>
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, Recent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FAA6563E95AED6B40FFFD34CF357653" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="470F36E8E95AED6B40FFFD34CF357653" blockId="50.[120,650,279,1739]" lastBlockId="50.[696,1225,226,552]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">
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COMMENTS:
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<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95AED6B4142FD34CAF47699" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1820" box="[293,425,722,745]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95AED6B4142FD34CAF47699" box="[293,425,722,745]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">Hirmoneura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are one of the three largest genera in the
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<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95AED6B41FEFD14C91F777A" baseAuthorityName="Barraclough" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[409,578,754,778]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemestrinidae</taxonomicName>
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after
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<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95AED6B401FFCF2CAEF775C" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1835" box="[120,434,788,812]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichophthalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95AED6B401FFCF2CA77775C" box="[120,298,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">Trichophthalma</emphasis>
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Westwood
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95AED6B419AFCF2CBAD773C" authority="Latreille. It" authorityName="Latreille. It" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Nemestrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95AED6B419AFCF2C9D5775B" box="[509,648,788,811]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">Nemestrinus</emphasis>
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Latreille. It
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</taxonomicName>
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contains approximately 50 described living species distributed nearly equally between Old and New worlds (Bernardi, 1973). The venation of this genus and the two largest ones (above) are very similar and generalized, with the least amount of vein coalescence among nemestrinid genera; these genera also share similarities in antennal structure and a distinctive modification of the ocelli, where the anterior ocellus is separated considerably anterior to the posterior ones and on a separate mound. These three genera are probably closely related, though phylogenetic work is needed to test this. Interestingly, in the one Burmese amber specimen in which the dorsum of the head is visible, the ocelli are unmodified, no doubt plesiomorphically. The female cerci of
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<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95AED6B414CFAA1C918712E" box="[299,581,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95AED6B414CFAA1C91C712E" box="[299,577,1350,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudoprima">Hirmoneura caudoprima</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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however, are extended into a long, tapered, pointed oviscapt, like many of the modern species of the genus. All three of the Burmese amber species also lack the dense, long pilosity of modern species. Monophyly of modern
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<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95AED6B41D3FA0AC9657273" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1820" box="[436,568,1516,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95AED6B41D3FA0AC9657273" box="[436,568,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">Hirmoneura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is supported by a hypandrium in the male that is small or usually lost, unknown for the fossil taxa. There are three species of
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<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95AED6B4131F9B6CA877217" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1820" box="[342,474,1616,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95AED6B4131F9B6CA877217" box="[342,474,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">Hirmoneura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on compression fossils from the Early Cretaceous of Spain and Siberia (Mostovski and Delclòs, 2000); these have a closed cell cup. The genus is also recorded from the Cenozoic (
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<bibRefCitation id="23214B19E95AED6B4465FF04CFE0748A" author="Wedmann, S." box="[1026,1213,226,250]" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" pagination="1114 - 1117" refId="ref61050" refString="Wedmann, S. 2007. A nemestrinid fly (Insecta: Diptera: Nemestrinidae: cf. Hirmoneura) from the Eocene Messel Pit (Germany). Journal of Paleontology 81 (5): 1114 - 1117." type="journal article" year="2007">Wedmann, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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). Otherwise, the venation of Cretaceous
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<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95AED6B441FFEE5C9AB754B" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95AED6B441FFEE5C9AB754B" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">Hirmoneura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is remarkably similar to modern species, but this may just be a plesiomorphic resemblance, as the ocelli of the amber
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<taxonomicName id="80B04D6BE95AED6B4425FE81CF95750E" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1820" box="[1090,1224,359,382]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="75C4EAFAE95AED6B4425FE81CF95750E" box="[1090,1224,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">Hirmoneura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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suggests these three species to be stem groups. The recent venation terminology is used here rather than that in Bernardi’s (1973) work, with differences as follows: R
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<subScript id="DB3434ADE95AED6B43A4FE10C8837677" attach="left" box="[963,990,502,519]" fontSize="7" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">3+4</subScript>
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(vs. R
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in
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</quantity>
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Bernardi), M
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<subScript id="DB3434ADE95AED6B42B7FDF1C9847658" attach="left" box="[720,729,535,552]" fontSize="7" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">3</subScript>
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+CuA
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(vs. M
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+M
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<subScript id="DB3434ADE95AED6B43C5FDF1C8F67658" attach="left" box="[930,939,535,552]" fontSize="7" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">4</subScript>
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), CuA
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<subScript id="DB3434ADE95AED6B4392FDF1C8A37658" attach="left" box="[1013,1022,535,552]" fontSize="7" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">2</subScript>
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(vs. Cu
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<subScript id="DB3434ADE95AED6B4437FDF1CF047658" attach="left" box="[1104,1113,535,552]" fontSize="7" pageId="50" pageNumber="50">1</subScript>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |