123 lines
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123 lines
15 KiB
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<document id="A3293951DC9369B5881BAA465EEF48D1" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.692.14706" ID-GBIF-Dataset="81f065e7-a342-495c-9855-21bc26539311" ID-PMC="PMC5672734" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-692-1" ID-PubMed="29133987" ID-ZooBank="1B7C3F517CF543338EAB1CB1BD9D8A07" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-692-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 692" ModsDocTitle="A review of the land snail genus Alycaeus (Gastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Peninsular Malaysia" checkinTime="1503352913593" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Foon, Junn Kitt & Liew, Thor-Seng" docDate="2017" docId="4A11DEFAB19D87F9CF50CFB7F97C5600" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 692: 1-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 692" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.692.14706" docTitle="Alycaeus Baird 1850" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF8E6C15A17CDA48FFA7FFE36C7CFFA2" masterDocTitle="A review of the land snail genus Alycaeus (Gastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Peninsular Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1701315888619" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DAEEE5DD6D469072210DDA02C1CF0E1C">
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<mods:title id="CB6BEAE1FDB8878D617C2B230DB8F72D">A review of the land snail genus Alycaeus (Gastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Peninsular Malaysia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DDD05066D92753A25FDC191A7475A2AA" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="77BCD0E77D5D5F8ABA765A9197964DF5">Foon, Junn Kitt</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="14A3D7E119AAD33FA0E5113A7EDCDCF3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="60B441312DB30213E18B7997E2622945">Liew, Thor-Seng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A21554C63B1DAC8801097202EDF4492A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FB7EEF86D446C0605F138083E50C41ED">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="56ADDA532A8C285A153F4F437E21F75A">
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<mods:date id="94F667C8E64D0670277C2820BFEE941E">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D659E2FEC49BBBA22CEFB54692A274F4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7AD806661EAE7115BABECA244C3229BD">692</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CCA84639837C0537CE3F0C77511FDD9E">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="2EF8A8DDE15C292A31D88DFCD9E6F029">81</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="7F3F525468809F2A6A7AEDCB8B32A5B9">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.692.14706</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="25509D3E13ABFF1C80A56CA97B547746">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B8C0D4BDBA57E2D60EC693C18BD3A657" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.692.14706</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AD30FF30868C616EF5E132AB347C32EF" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-692-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4A11DEFAB19D87F9CF50CFB7F97C5600" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132786239" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A11DEFAB19D87F9CF50CFB7F97C5600" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A11DEFAB19D87F9CF50CFB7F97C5600" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="E619416BCFB5FA4158DDB66FFE9E9879" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2511739DF326F03113DC0662067C1FC8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="21A7207B40C1EA5DD1E5D074E48E2FA1" ID-CoL="7NNR5" authority="Baird, 1850" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1850" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Alycaeus Baird, 1850</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2BC5BFB67DD1EEB7E43185A5E09DD7D1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CFFDE518DFDA0571859037F4EA5F68F3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="E3A7FFEDE0C249CF5ECBF7EDC9DC5D70" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Alycaeus</taxonomicName>
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Baird, 1850: 27-28.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BFAE5919E9206E7EE71E9FEA4444B30B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="41E2CBC58660FA07C852F144269CACA4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description for Peninsular Malaysian species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="03A2C35FE0AB6BA7C6F7F9D66054B9EC" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Protoconch. Smooth. In some species, second whorl grooved.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="88F0949722B71BDD7F058769394352E4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Shell shape and size. Conical (pyramidal), flat or globose. Shell height: 3.03-10.91 mm. Shell width: 3.36-15.04 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB30AA8C6D6C810353C206103FB48E1D" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Spire. Spire height: 0.93-3.21 mm. Spire width: 1.40-4.00 mm. Number of whorls: up to 3-5
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<normalizedToken id="097E4A48AF79FDDAB654827CD971EA31" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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. Spire shape always oblong conical. Whorl periphery strongly keeled or rounded. Always umbilicated. Umbilicus open or partially closed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C52AF165F831D990E2C773D84E1C069" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Whorl constriction. Position of constriction about 2
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<normalizedToken id="899BAD305590A5BD39E6637C6EA55DAE" originalValue="¼–">1/4-</normalizedToken>
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5
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<normalizedToken id="9BA34E1FE2FAFDAFF26B80CA83E71AA9" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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whorls posterior of protoconch.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FDB49FEA081ED4A221939C312EE3B124" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Breathing tube. Always present, varies in length: 0.29-6.52 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5FB7AD8DE95051138B67D0B3A512B00C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aperture and peristome. Aperture always circular. Apertural margin moderately expanded or very expanded. Aperture height: 1.59-7.30 mm. Aperture width: 1.60-6.59 mm. Peristome single, double or triple. Peristome thickened or not thickened. Peristome notched or winged at suture. Interspace between peristome none, narrow or wide. Peristome orientation varies 4°-55° oblique to the coiling axis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DF05011DEF9A6D5E8337532ADBDF19B8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spiral lines. Absent or present. When present, distinction varies (distinct or indistinct), spacing always regular to irregular. Number of spiral lines: 11-60 lines per 1 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B48EC5EE835CC80A6FECF70185211795" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Radial ribs running anterior of breathing tube. Pronounced, indistinct or absent. Even or unevenly spaced. 6-21 radial ribs per 1 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8D3B13FA193DF25ED7337E5F29D0A881" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Radial ribs running perpendicular to breathing tube. Pronounced, indistinct or absent. Radial ribs sometimes are thicker and whiter compared to radial ribs anterior of breathing tube. Even or unevenly spaced. 6-29 ribs per 1 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE4E9829E681E6253C18183C723B3EF8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Radial ribs running posterior of breathing tube. Pronounced, indistinct or absent. Usually unevenly spaced. 2-25 ribs per 1 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B7E17649E58AF8621D9BFBD21AF81CF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Operculum. Concave or flat. Rounded or conical. Exterior usually calcareous layered of variable thickness. Exterior texture varies (smooth, finely granulated, flaky,
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<pageBreakToken id="03C029895D1F77E8A7F079F08A93FC8E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">short</pageBreakToken>
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calcareous spikes, cup-like projection at nucleus, scaffold-like calcareous deposits or appressed radially spiral lamellae). Interior usually proteinaceous layered. Interior sculpture smooth, with multilamellar impression or mamillated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="79CCC92426955EF87449AED57FF4CC54" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Shell colour. Varies between and within species (white, pinkish-white, pink, yellow, orange, red, brownish-red. brown, purple). Apical whorls either in white or non-white colours, always fading to white in subsequent whorls.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD4B950B9C06CEB2E0B41ABD098E9651" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Living animal. Body colour variable but lighter than head and tentacle (cream-white, yellow, cream-yellow, light brown, brown, maroon, greenish-black, light grey, grey). Head colour variable (orange, pink, pinkish-brown, brown, maroon, greenish-black, grey, dark grey). Tentacle either uni-coloured (yellow, red, brown, reddish-brown, light grey, dark grey, black), or bi-coloured (green with brown tips, cream-white with pink tips, yellow with red tips). Head and tentacle often darker coloured relative to the body.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="19C4E0C3CF63378CA08214FB5F3E54DC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="habitat">
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<paragraph id="6039F0BC585D61B1536328EEF0EFC812" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C073FF651060C04ABA673E597FFC970E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Three distinct habitats: rock (crevices, rock walls, solution holes, moss and lichen covered rocks), vegetation (low shrubs, tree trunks) or forest floor (rotten logs, leaf litter). Usually in moist areas but ocassionally found in drier areas. Always in forested habitats.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F709E80F1A9273E48447CE148EFE6EB7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="051994A31CC1E8E3E5CCE00DAD19AB1E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66B28B37CE403F0E7380CF9F61B45873" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="FCF6386541C0E72CF17F1341BDA7988B" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Alycaeus</taxonomicName>
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Baird, 1850, is separated into three subgenera -
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<taxonomicName id="9413F9B9C20359983F50E548B3838DD9" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Alycaeus</taxonomicName>
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Baird, 1850,
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<taxonomicName id="130D22B3AE052EB17920FCB477087D48" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Pincerna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pincerna" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pincerna</taxonomicName>
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Preston, 1907, and
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<taxonomicName id="51E0F1413985D19592E6D375AFB19E95" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Stomacosmethis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stomacosmethis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Stomacosmethis</taxonomicName>
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Bollinger, 1918 (
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<bibRefCitation id="17ADC5090DEA1B6C99BB05ED39C655AA" author="Egorov, RV" journalOrPublisher="Colus-Doverie, Moscow" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Treasure of Russian Shells; Supplement 3, A review of the genera of the recent terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data); Part III, Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae." year="2013">Egorov 2013</bibRefCitation>
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). However, all of these subgenera (including
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<taxonomicName id="795A18FBAA7AAE944D05A4DCF0D1DA10" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Pincerna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pincerna" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pincerna</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="57915C1FEDD19B28134FD3E41E05F1F3" author="Pall-Gergely, B" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="213 - 219" title="A new species of Alycaeidae, Pincernayanseni n. sp. from Sumatra, with the resurrection of the genus Pincerna Preston, 1907 (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea)." volume="65" year="2017">
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<normalizedToken id="987472722F36C8E80198CDB320E7165C" originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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)) remain inadequately defined as no clear diagnostic characters have ever been identified (
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<bibRefCitation id="7A3FE9895CD43AAB95DF0974C85B1D39" author="Godwin-Austen, HH" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Land and Freshwater Mollusca of India, including South Arabia, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Nepal, Burmah, Pegu, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Ceylon, and other islands of the Indian Ocean. Supplementary to Messrs. Theobald and Hanley " s Conchologia Indica. Volume 1." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12719" year="1889">Godwin-Austen 1889</bibRefCitation>
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) and hence will require extensive revision, a task that is beyond the scope of this study and will instead be treated in later studies (B.
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<normalizedToken id="1EDC4D09EA3A499F996B4DC4EF6AE78A" originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
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, pers. comm.). Thus, we do not provide a diagnosis for the genus
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<taxonomicName id="7D0E453EAFA106D6CB5B3E74FCB901CD" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Alycaeus</taxonomicName>
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here pending a revision of the
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<taxonomicName id="59060B42C9DA44C18F5AF6A7124D0263" family="Alycaeidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="family">Alycaeidae</taxonomicName>
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and resolution of diagnostic characters useful for supraspecific groups. Instead, consistent with our study scope, we will only provide a description of characters relevant to Peninsular Malaysian
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<taxonomicName id="CDBF64FF41D3029DC72840DEE94F30D2" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Alycaeus</taxonomicName>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |