293 lines
37 KiB
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293 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="50D65DCE43FEFE60F65966EF0D7AC3B8" ID-CLB-Dataset="305325" ID-DOI="10.4314/met.v32i1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="60ae2918-38f0-4e1a-b823-6432a7cb55c9" ID-ISSN="2307-5031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14118708" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1731461461702" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2021" docId="03FD87B0FFB3FFECFCD7F9F7EA3624AA" docLanguage="en" docName="Metamorphosis.32.43-46.pdf" docOrigin="Metamorphosis 32 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v32i1.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:73CBAE06DE6A380ACC54A94377F5FCBA.1:Metamorphosis.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="73CBAE06DE6A380ACC54A94377F5FCBA" docStyleName="Metamorphosis.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Papilio vanessa Fabricius 1793" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FFC4FFC8FFB3FFEEFF9EFF99EB37275D" masterDocTitle="Papilio vanessa Fabricius, 1793, nomen oblitum, is a synonym of Liptena septistrigata (Bethune-Baker, 1903), nomen protectum (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1732216803647" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="705447426A3A15DE7DDE6E5035A0AE6D">Papilio vanessa Fabricius, 1793, nomen oblitum, is a synonym of Liptena septistrigata (Bethune-Baker, 1903), nomen protectum (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="992BEE116029927090EFC96FD029D5DD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="76FE5E4B72C4863A14606E1315002B79">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1096C25AF739D08F11A0AB1040D262B2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="92EF61715B1931DE26442D64A60C2EFA">Metamorphosis</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B73C7FD470ECF73C441D7B5078ACD73F">
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<mods:date id="E0574CEC564B566D649C1BE26A0A1645">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="48427BE7AFE284FC4E7468EDB75F6ECC">2021-07-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D4D61664A21CC8F489DFA20E29EF7787">32</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FD87B0FFB3FFECFCD7F9F7EA3624AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14199855" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14199855" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87B0FFB3FFECFCD7F9F7EA3624AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87B0FFB3FFECFCD7F9F7EA3624AA" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="C34E652DFFB3FFEEFCD7F9F7EE9621DB" box="[841,1441,1646,1670]" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36A6FFB3FFEEFCD7F9F7EE9621DB" blockId="0.[841,1441,1646,1670]" box="[841,1441,1646,1670]" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="D0A381CAFFB3FFEEFCD7F9F7EE9621DB" box="[841,1441,1646,1670]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" reason="8">
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<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB3FFEEFCD7F9F7EE9621DB" bold="true" box="[841,1441,1646,1670]" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB3FFEEFCD7F9F7E8C321DB" authority="Fabricius, 1793" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[841,1012,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanessa">
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<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB3FFEEFCD7F9F7E8C321DB" bold="true" box="[841,1012,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Papilio vanessa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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re-interpreted as an African lycaenid
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E652DFFB3FFECFCD7F93CEA3624AA" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36A6FFB3FFEEFCD7F93CE897208D" blockId="0.[841,1456,1700,2000]" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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Many species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB3FFEEFC63F93DEFAD21E1" box="[1021,1178,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Leucochimona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB3FFEEFC63F93DEFAD21E1" box="[1021,1178,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Leucochimona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are pale with dark fasciae running across the hindwings – and on the basis of the original Jones painting (
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<figureCitation id="136F2A23FFB3FFEEFBD7F978EFB021A4" box="[1097,1159,1761,1785]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[132,200,489,510]" captionTargetBox="[136,739,143,453]" captionTargetId="figure-379@1.[136,739,143,453]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1 – Jones volume 6 plate 35 fig. [4] – Papilio vanessa Fabricius, iconotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118710/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), this is also true of
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB3FFEEFAFFF978E8AA2045" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanessa">
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<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB3FFEEFAFFF978E8AA2045" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Papilio vanessa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, in the former the fasciae generally run in an anterior-posterior direction (see https://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/t/
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB3FFEEFA97F8A4EE9D2008" box="[1289,1450,1853,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Leucochimona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucochimona</taxonomicName>
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_a.htm), whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB3FFEEFBA7F8C4EF852029" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[1081,1202,1885,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanessa">
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<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB3FFEEFBA7F8C4EF852029" box="[1081,1202,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">P. vanessa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the several hindwing fasciae (‘brown streaks’ of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB3FFEEFBE5F8E2EE3B20CE" author="Turton" box="[1147,1292,1915,1939]" firstAuthor="Turton" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="ref2569" refString="TURTON, W. 1806. A General System of Nature. Animal" type="book" year="1806">Turton, 1806</bibRefCitation>
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, as above) are roughly transverse or curved parallel to the outer margin (
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<figureCitation id="136F2A23FFB3FFEEFCCFF821E8A7208D" box="[849,912,1976,2000]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[132,200,489,510]" captionTargetBox="[136,739,143,453]" captionTargetId="figure-379@1.[136,739,143,453]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1 – Jones volume 6 plate 35 fig. [4] – Papilio vanessa Fabricius, iconotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118710/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36A6FFB2FFEFFCD7FF09EE97263C" blockId="1.[841,1455,144,353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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The number of errors regarding the geographical origin of new butterfly taxa committed to print by Fabricius is prodigious (see OUMNH, in press). Rather than an American butterfly, the Jones images are instantly reminiscent of the endemic African lycaenid genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB2FFEFFCD7FEB2E8AD261F" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[841,922,299,322]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFCD7FEB2E8AD261F" box="[841,922,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Liptena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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– and are a very good match to the West African
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB2FFEFFCD7FED0EE13263C" authority="(Bethune-Baker, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Bethune-Baker" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[841,1316,329,353]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septistrigata">
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<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFCD7FED0EF10263D" box="[841,1063,329,352]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Liptena septistrigata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB2FFEFFBABFED0EE2B263C" author="Bethune-Baker" box="[1077,1308,329,353]" firstAuthor="Bethune-Baker" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" pagination="324 - 334" refId="ref2099" refString="BETHUNE-BAKER, G. T. 1903. On new species of Lycaenidae from West Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 12: 324 - 334." type="journal article" year="1903">Bethune-Baker, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136F2A23FFB2FFEFFAACFED0EEA4263C" box="[1330,1427,329,353]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStart-2="Figure 4" captionStartId-0="1.[132,200,1910,1931]" captionStartId-1="1.[841,909,1541,1562]" captionStartId-2="2.[132,200,1611,1632]" captionTargetBox-0="[136,739,567,1874]" captionTargetBox-2="[136,750,1044,1577]" captionTargetId-0="figure-385@1.[136,739,943,1339]" captionTargetId-1="figure-394@1.[845,1442,1091,1506]" captionTargetId-2="figure-764@2.[136,750,1044,1577]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="1" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="Figure 2 - Liptena septistrigata (Bethune-Baker), holotype (female) in NHMUK (upper side above; underside below), with labels and dissected leg; ‘1970–129 S[usan]. J. M[ay].’ refers to a genitalia preparation. D. Cator B.M. 1931-298. Specimen register number NHMUK 014172684. Forewing length: 15.9 mm." captionText-1="Figure 3 – Liptena septistrigata (Bethune-Baker), male (upper side above; underside below), Aburi Botanical Gardens, Ghana, 28.xii.2011, leg. J. Dobson (Williams 2021, p. 34)." captionText-2="Figure 4 – Liptena septistrigata photographed by Adrian Hoskins at Aburi Botanical Gardens, Ghana, 5.v.2017 © www.learnaboutbutterflies.com" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118712" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14199857" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118714" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14118712/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14199857/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14118714/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Figs 2–4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36A6FFB2FFEFFCD7FE19E8DB25D0" blockId="1.[841,1456,384,653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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This species has been illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB2FFEFFB66FE19E8A426EB" author="Stempffer" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stempffer" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refId="ref2443" refString="STEMPFFER, H., BENNETT, N. H. & MAY, S. J. 1974." type="book" year="1974">
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Stempffer
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<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFAECFE18EE8726C5" box="[1394,1456,384,408]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
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(1974)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB2FFEFFC3FFE07EF7D26EB" accessDate="2021-05-22" author="WILLIAMS, M. C." box="[929,1098,414,438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" publicationUrl="https://www.metamorphosis.org.za/articlesPDF/1171/295%20Genus%20Liptena%20Westwood.pdf" refId="ref2612" refString="WILLIAMS, M. C. 2021. 295. Genus Liptena Westwood, [1851]. https: // www. metamorphosis. org. za / articlesPDF / 1171 / 295 % 20 Genus % 20 Liptena % 20 Westwood. pdf [accessed 22. v. 2021]" title="Genus Liptena Westwood" type="book" year="2021">Williams (2021</bibRefCitation>
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– see
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<figureCitation id="136F2A23FFB2FFEFFB08FE07EFE126EB" box="[1174,1238,414,438]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="1.[841,909,1541,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-394@1.[845,1442,1091,1506]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 3 – Liptena septistrigata (Bethune-Baker), male (upper side above; underside below), Aburi Botanical Gardens, Ghana, 28.xii.2011, leg. J. Dobson (Williams 2021, p. 34)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14199857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14199857/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) and, together with the related but distinct species
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB2FFEFFB0CFE27E8CF26A9" authority="(Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Grose-Smith & Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrymani">
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<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFB0CFE27EE202688" box="[1170,1303,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">L. ferrymani</emphasis>
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(Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1891)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB2FFEFFB96FE44EFDD26A9" authority="Libert, 1993" authorityName="Libert" authorityYear="1993" box="[1032,1258,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boei">
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<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFB96FE44EF6126A9" box="[1032,1110,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">L. boei</emphasis>
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Libert, 1993
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB2FFEFFAB4FE44E8C1254F" authority="Hewitson, 1866" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undularis">
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<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFAB4FE44EE8726A9" box="[1322,1456,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">L. undularis</emphasis>
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Hewitson, 1866
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</taxonomicName>
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, by d’Abrera (2009). A fourth presumed close relative,
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB2FFEFFB9BFD83EE1F256C" authority="Larsen" authorityName="Larsen" box="[1029,1320,537,561]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="priscilla">
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<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFB9BFD83EFF2256C" box="[1029,1221,537,561]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Liptena priscilla</emphasis>
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||
Larsen
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</taxonomicName>
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, noted by d’Abrera, was described and illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB2FFEFFA8CFDA1EE9F250D" author="Larsen" box="[1298,1448,568,592]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" pagination="29 - 32" refId="ref2368" refString="LARSEN, T. B. 1995. Liptena priscilla a new liptenid butterfly from Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 107: 29 - 32." type="journal article" year="1995">Larsen (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, but subsequently treated as
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB2FFEFFBE7FDCEEE122533" box="[1145,1317,598,622]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="boei" subSpecies="priscilla">
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<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFBE7FDCEEE122533" box="[1145,1317,598,622]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">L. boei priscilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB2FFEFFACFFDCFE8D025D0" author="Libert & Collins" firstAuthor="Libert" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" pagination="118 - 125" refId="ref2402" refString="LIBERT, M. & COLLINS, S. C. 2018. Three new species of Liptena Westwood, [1851] (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae). Metamorphosis 29 (2): 118 - 125." type="journal article" year="2018">Libert & Collins (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36A6FFB2FFEFFF1AFE70EA792547" blockId="1.[132,746,488,538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFF1AFE70EBEB26A3" bold="true" box="[132,220,489,510]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Figure 1</emphasis>
|
||
– Jones volume 6 plate 35 fig. [4] –
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB2FFEFFDCEFE71EBD72547" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFDCEFE71E9DD26A3" box="[592,746,488,510]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Papilio vanessa</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, iconotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B662EFFB2FFEFFCD7F99CEE05210F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14199857" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14199857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14199857/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" startId="1.[841,909,1541,1562]" targetBox="[845,1442,1091,1506]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36A6FFB2FFEFFCD7F99CEE05210F" blockId="1.[841,1456,1541,1618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFCD7F99CE8962147" bold="true" box="[841,929,1541,1562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Figure 3</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB2FFEFFC22F99FEE1A2146" authority="(Bethune-Baker)" baseAuthorityName="Bethune-Baker" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[956,1325,1541,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septistrigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFC22F99FEFB22146" box="[956,1157,1542,1563]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Liptena septistrigata</emphasis>
|
||
(Bethune-Baker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (upper side above; underside below), Aburi Botanical Gardens, Ghana, 28.xii.2011, leg. J. Dobson (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB2FFEFFBC6F9A5EFDF210F" accessDate="2021-05-22" author="WILLIAMS, M. C." box="[1112,1256,1596,1618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" publicationUrl="https://www.metamorphosis.org.za/articlesPDF/1171/295%20Genus%20Liptena%20Westwood.pdf" refId="ref2612" refString="WILLIAMS, M. C. 2021. 295. Genus Liptena Westwood, [1851]. https: // www. metamorphosis. org. za / articlesPDF / 1171 / 295 % 20 Genus % 20 Liptena % 20 Westwood. pdf [accessed 22. v. 2021]" title="Genus Liptena Westwood" type="book" year="2021">Williams 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 34).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36A6FFB2FFECFCD7F9E9E9F9261F" blockId="1.[841,1455,1648,2072]" lastBlockId="2.[132,747,144,323]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB2FFEFFCD7F9E9EF7321D5" author="Bethune-Baker" box="[841,1092,1648,1672]" firstAuthor="Bethune-Baker" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" pagination="324 - 334" refId="ref2099" refString="BETHUNE-BAKER, G. T. 1903. On new species of Lycaenidae from West Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 12: 324 - 334." type="journal article" year="1903">Bethune-Baker (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB2FFEFFB52F9E9EE9821D5" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1903" box="[1228,1455,1648,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pentila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septistrigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFB52F9E9EE9821D5" box="[1228,1455,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Pentila septistrigata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437636FFB2FFEFFC14F916EF2E21FA" box="[906,1049,1679,1703]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
based on at least
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD2FFFB2FFEFFB69F916EE9C21FA" box="[1271,1451,1679,1703]" count="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, collected by D. Cator during February,
|
||
<date id="FFEA1066FFB2FFEFFA8CF936E84921B8" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" value="1901-06" valueMax="1901-07-31" valueMin="1901-06-00">June and July 1901</date>
|
||
/1902, then in his own collection and that of Cator (the latter included ‘the type’). Both of these collections later passed to the Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK). The label data of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8804FFB2FFEFFB44F8B1EE0D201D" box="[1242,1338,1832,1856]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, evidently collected on
|
||
<date id="FFEA1066FFB2FFEFFC4CF8DEEF702002" box="[978,1095,1863,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" value="1902-06-15">15.vi.1902</date>
|
||
, ex Cator Collection, narrows the type locality to the town or region of Moyamba (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A23FFB2FFEFFAC0F8FFEE962023" box="[1374,1441,1894,1918]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="1.[132,200,1910,1931]" captionTargetBox="[136,739,567,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-385@1.[136,739,943,1339]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 2 - Liptena septistrigata (Bethune-Baker), holotype (female) in NHMUK (upper side above; underside below), with labels and dissected leg; ‘1970–129 S[usan]. J. M[ay].’ refers to a genitalia preparation. D. Cator B.M. 1931-298. Specimen register number NHMUK 014172684. Forewing length: 15.9 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118712/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The NHMUK also holds several other specimens of this species collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437636FFB2FFEFFBB8F83AEF8720E6" box="[1062,1200,1955,1979]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
by Cator. However, as only specimens collected in 1901 or 1902 that were originally part of either the Cator or Bethune-Baker collections can be considered
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8804FFB2FFEFFB39F799EE382F45" box="[1191,1295,2048,2072]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, and no such specimens are listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB1FFECFE1BFF09E94127F5" author="Stempffer" box="[389,630,144,168]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stempffer" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refId="ref2443" refString="STEMPFFER, H., BENNETT, N. H. & MAY, S. J. 1974." type="book" year="1974">
|
||
Stempffer
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB1FFECFE66FF08E91927F5" box="[504,558,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1974
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 155) or are currently to be found in the NHMUK, the author has been unable to recognise any further original type material. In addition to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437636FFB1FFECFE1CFF75E93A2659" box="[386,525,236,260]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the species has also been recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437636FFB1FFECFEC3FE92EA9A267E" box="[349,429,267,291]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437636FFB1FFECFE29FE95E900267E" box="[439,567,267,292]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437636FFB1FFECFDDAFE92E9A3267E" box="[580,660,267,291]" name="Liberia" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437636FFB1FFECFD00FE92E9D1267E" box="[670,742,267,291]" name="Ghana" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437636FFB1FFECFF1AFEB2EB88261E" box="[132,191,299,323]" name="Togo" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437636FFB1FFECFF54FEB3EA3B261F" box="[202,268,298,322]" name="Benin" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437636FFB1FFECFE89FEB3EA50261F" box="[279,359,298,322]" name="Nigeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437636FFB1FFECFE05FEB3E93D261F" box="[411,522,298,322]" name="Cameroon" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB1FFECFD86FEB3E989261F" accessDate="2021-05-22" author="WILLIAMS, M. C." box="[536,702,298,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="https://www.metamorphosis.org.za/articlesPDF/1171/295%20Genus%20Liptena%20Westwood.pdf" refId="ref2612" refString="WILLIAMS, M. C. 2021. 295. Genus Liptena Westwood, [1851]. https: // www. metamorphosis. org. za / articlesPDF / 1171 / 295 % 20 Genus % 20 Liptena % 20 Westwood. pdf [accessed 22. v. 2021]" title="Genus Liptena Westwood" type="book" year="2021">Williams, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B662EFFB2FFEFFF1AF8EFEB872F48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14118712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118712/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" startId="1.[132,200,1910,1931]" targetBox="[136,739,567,1874]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36A6FFB2FFEFFF1AF8EFEB872F48" blockId="1.[132,747,1909,2069]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFF1AF8EFEBD520D6" bold="true" box="[132,226,1910,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Figure 2</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB2FFEFFE98F8EFE9B220D6" authority="(Bethune-Baker)" baseAuthorityName="Bethune-Baker" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[262,645,1909,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septistrigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB2FFEFFE98F8EFEAE320D6" box="[262,468,1910,1931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Liptena septistrigata</emphasis>
|
||
(Bethune-Baker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype (female) in NHMUK (upper side above; underside below), with labels and dissected leg; ‘1970–129 S[usan]. J. M[ay].’ refers to a genitalia preparation. D. Cator B.M. 1931-298. Specimen register number NHMUK 014172684. Forewing length: 15.9 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36A6FFB1FFECFF1AFEFBE94B2627" blockId="2.[132,636,354,378]" box="[132,636,354,378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<heading id="D0A381CAFFB1FFECFF1AFEFBE94B2627" box="[132,636,354,378]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB1FFECFF1AFEFBE94B2627" bold="true" box="[132,636,354,378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB1FFECFF1AFEFBEA952627" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[132,418,354,378]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB1FFECFF1AFEFBEA072627" bold="true" box="[132,304,354,378]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Papilio vanessa</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB1FFECFE48FEFBE94B2627" bold="true" box="[470,636,354,378]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36A6FFB1FFECFF1AFE00EA3624AA" blockId="2.[132,747,408,1015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Dru Drury is well known to have received large quantities of butterflies and other insects from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3437636FFB1FFECFDD1FE2EE9D12692" box="[591,742,439,463]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
, amassed by Henry Smeathman (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB1FFECFE74FE4FE9AD26B3" author="Cockerell" box="[490,666,470,494]" firstAuthor="Cockerell" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" pagination="67 - 82" refId="ref2131" refString="COCKERELL, T. D. A. 1922. Dru Drury, an eighteenth century entomologist. The Scientific Monthly 14 (1): 67 - 82." type="journal article" year="1922">Cockerell, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) – and from virtually nowhere else in West Africa. Based on this, the evidence of the Jones
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8804FFB1FFECFE28FD8AE9282576" box="[438,543,531,555]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="iconotype">iconotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A23FFB1FFECFDAAFD8AE94F2576" box="[564,632,531,555]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[132,200,489,510]" captionTargetBox="[136,739,143,453]" captionTargetId="figure-379@1.[136,739,143,453]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1 – Jones volume 6 plate 35 fig. [4] – Papilio vanessa Fabricius, iconotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118710/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the Bethune-Baker
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8804FFB1FFECFEB0FDA8EABC2514" box="[302,395,561,585]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB1FFECFE2FFDA8E9BC2514" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1903" box="[433,651,561,585]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pentila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septistrigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB1FFECFE2FFDA8E9BC2514" box="[433,651,561,585]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Pentila septistrigata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A23FFB1FFECFD05FDA8E9EA2514" box="[667,733,561,585]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="1.[132,200,1910,1931]" captionTargetBox="[136,739,567,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-385@1.[136,739,943,1339]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 2 - Liptena septistrigata (Bethune-Baker), holotype (female) in NHMUK (upper side above; underside below), with labels and dissected leg; ‘1970–129 S[usan]. J. M[ay].’ refers to a genitalia preparation. D. Cator B.M. 1931-298. Specimen register number NHMUK 014172684. Forewing length: 15.9 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118712/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), there seems little doubt that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB1FFECFE56FDC9EB8A25DA" authority="Fabricius, 1793" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB1FFECFE56FDC9E9412535" box="[456,630,592,616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Papilio vanessa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB1FFECFD1FFDC9EB8A25DA" author="Fabricius" firstAuthor="Fabricius" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refId="ref2205" refString="FABRICIUS, J. C. 1793. Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Volume 3, part 1. C. G. Proft, Hafniae [Copenhagen]. [vi] + 487." type="book" year="1793">Fabricius, 1793</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is the senior name for this butterfly. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB1FFECFF1AFD14EA1925F8" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[132,302,653,677]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB1FFECFF1AFD14EA1925F8" box="[132,302,653,677]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Papilio vanessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ‘has not been used as a valid name after 1889’ and, as such, it is deemed to be a
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB1FFECFDD6FD34E9DD2599" box="[584,746,684,708]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB1FFECFF12FD52EA2D25BE" author="ICZN" box="[140,282,715,739]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refId="ref2242" refString="ICZN 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4 th edn). International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London. xxix + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, art 23.9). If the subjective synonymy proposed here is accepted, then
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB1FFECFE72FD73E9AE245F" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[492,665,746,770]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB1FFECFE72FD73E9AE245F" box="[492,665,746,770]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Papilio vanessa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should not supplant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB1FFECFE93FC90E9D0247D" authority="(Bethune-Baker, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Bethune-Baker" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[269,743,776,800]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septistrigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB1FFECFE93FC90EADE247D" box="[269,489,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Liptena septistrigata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB1FFECFE68FC91E9E8247D" author="Bethune-Baker" box="[502,735,776,800]" firstAuthor="Bethune-Baker" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" pagination="324 - 334" refId="ref2099" refString="BETHUNE-BAKER, G. T. 1903. On new species of Lycaenidae from West Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 12: 324 - 334." type="journal article" year="1903">Bethune-Baker, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In these circumstances the latter should be regarded as a
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB1FFECFF1AFCDFEA082400" box="[132,319,838,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">nomen protectum</emphasis>
|
||
, thus giving priority to the junior name over the senior. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB1FFECFE56FCFDE9DC2421" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[456,747,868,892]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB1FFECFE56FCFDE94E2421" box="[456,633,868,892]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Papilio vanessa</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains available, however, and can be resurrected if it is later considered to represent an otherwise unnamed species separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D25FFB1FFECFEEDFC58E9662485" baseAuthorityName="Bethune-Baker" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[371,593,961,984]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septistrigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAB4FFB1FFECFEEDFC58E9662485" box="[371,593,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Liptena septistrigata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B57FFB1FFECFDFFFC59E9D12485" author="ICZN" box="[609,742,960,984]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refId="ref2242" refString="ICZN 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4 th edn). International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London. xxix + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, art. 23.9.2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |