2287 lines
198 KiB
XML
2287 lines
198 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5681933" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b04c2a95-9566-4c71-bb60-0120e2d38b5b" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123195445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5681933" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:53CC2C59-2E4D-41AA-8804-462B90ABAECC" checkinTime="1468424705176" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cristián S. Abdala, Diego Baldo, Ricardo A. Juárez & Robert E. Espinoza" docDate="2016" docId="03A05F59FFC8FFC6B5F0FE84B880FC37" docLanguage="en" docName="copeia.104.2.487p.pdf" docOrigin="Copeia 104 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Liolaemus parthenos Abdala, Baldo, Juárez & Espinoza, 2016, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="53CC2C59-2E4D-41AA-8804-462B90ABAECC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="494" masterDocId="FF992721FFCAFFC1B57EFFC8BA28FFBB" masterDocTitle="The First Parthenogenetic Pleurodont Iguanian: A New All-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Western Argentina" masterLastPageNumber="497" masterPageNumber="487" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" updateTime="1636729319031" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The First Parthenogenetic Pleurodont Iguanian: A New All-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Western Argentina</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cristián S. Abdala</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Diego Baldo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ricardo A. Juárez</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Robert E. Espinoza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Copeia</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>104</mods:number>
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:start>487</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1643/CH-15-381</mods:identifier>
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<taxonomicName box="[142,377,332,354]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos" status="new species">Liolaemus parthenos</taxonomicName>
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,
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ABAECC
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Figures
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;
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<tableCitation box="[279,358,421,444]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[820,868,1672,1691]" captionTargetBox="[820,1490,1817,2004]" captionText="Table 1. Percentage of uncorrected pairwise distances between partial sequences of the mitochondrial ND 1 gene of Liolaemus parthenos, new species, and the other species belonging to the L. grosseorum clade of the more inclusive L. boulengeri group. GenBank accession numbers appear in parentheses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF76BEC7FFCFFFC4B64AF940BE40F8BD" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" tableUuid="DF76BEC7FFCFFFC4B64AF940BE40F8BD">
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Table
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<number box="[344,358,421,442]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1.0">1</number>
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<taxonomicName authority="Cei" authorityName="Cei" authorityYear="1973" box="[142,624,466,489]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
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<emphasis box="[142,359,466,488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Liolaemus boulengeri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Cei, J. M." box="[368,624,466,489]" journalOrPublisher="Physis" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="459 - 469" part="32" refString="Cei, J. M. 1973. Herpetologia patagonica VII. Notas ecologicas y morfologicas sobre Liolaemus bibroni [sic] y L. boulengeri (Sauria, Iguanidae). Physis 32: 459 - 469." title="Herpetologia patagonica VII. Notas ecologicas y morfologicas sobre Liolaemus bibroni [sic] y L. boulengeri (Sauria, Iguanidae)" type="journal article" year="1973">
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Cei (
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<number box="[420,476,466,489]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1973.0">1973</number>
|
||
:
|
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<number box="[480,525,466,489]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="464.0">464</number>
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, in part)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[142,812,466,905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Cei and Roig" authorityName="Cei and Roig" authorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
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<emphasis box="[142,363,496,518]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Liolaemus boulengeri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Cei, J. M. & V. G. Roig" journalOrPublisher="Reptiles de la Provincia de Mendoza. Deserta" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="69 - 91" part="4" refString="Cei, J. M., and V. G. Roig. 1976. Fauna y ecosistemas del oeste arido Argentino. I. Reptiles de la Provincia de Mendoza. Deserta 4: 69 - 91." title="Fauna y ecosistemas del oeste arido Argentino. I" type="journal article" year="1976">
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Cei and Roig (
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<number box="[544,604,496,519]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1976.0">1976</number>
|
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:71, 87, Map
|
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<number box="[757,772,496,519]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="5.0">5</number>
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, in part)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[142,812,466,905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
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<taxonomicName authority="Cei and Castro" authorityName="Cei and Castro" authorityYear="1978" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
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<emphasis box="[142,360,555,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Liolaemus boulengeri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Cei, J. M. & L. P. Castro" journalOrPublisher="Publicaciones Ocasionales del Instituto de Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Serie Cientifica" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 38" part="2" refString="Cei, J. M., and L. P. Castro. 1978. Atlas de los vertebrados inferiores de la region de Cuyo. Publicaciones Ocasionales del Instituto de Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Serie Cientifica 2: 1 - 38." title="Atlas de los vertebrados inferiores de la region de Cuyo" type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Cei and Castro (
|
||
<number box="[554,614,556,577]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1978.0">1978</number>
|
||
:9, 21, Map
|
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<number box="[746,775,555,578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="16.0">16</number>
|
||
, in part)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[142,812,466,905]" box="[142,681,615,638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<taxonomicName authority="Cei" authorityName="Cei" authorityYear="1986" box="[142,678,615,638]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
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<emphasis box="[142,359,615,637]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Liolaemus boulengeri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Cei, J. M." box="[368,678,615,638]" journalOrPublisher="Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino: Monografie" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 527" part="4" refString="Cei, J. M. 1986. Reptiles del Centro, Centro-oeste y Sur de la Argentina. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino: Monografie 4: 1 - 527." title="Reptiles del Centro, Centro-oeste y Sur de la Argentina" type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Cei (
|
||
<number box="[420,476,615,638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1986.0">1986</number>
|
||
:
|
||
<number box="[479,578,615,638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="220.5" valueMax="221.0" valueMin="220.0">220–221</number>
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, in part)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[142,812,466,905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<taxonomicName authority="Schulte et al." authorityName="Schulte et al." authorityYear="2000" box="[142,589,644,667]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
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<emphasis box="[142,360,644,666]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Liolaemus boulengeri</emphasis>
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Schulte et al. (
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<number box="[529,589,645,666]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2000.0">2000</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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:79
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, 87; table
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<number box="[738,752,645,666]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1.0">1</number>
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; figs.
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<number box="[167,210,674,697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6</number>
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).
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<paragraph blockId="2.[142,812,466,905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<taxonomicName box="[142,247,704,726]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[142,247,704,726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Liolaemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[256,343,705,726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Morando et al. (
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<number box="[532,592,704,727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2004.0">2004</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<number box="[595,637,704,727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="845.0">845</number>
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; table
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<number box="[713,754,705,726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3</number>
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; figs. 2, 8).
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<paragraph blockId="2.[142,812,466,905]" box="[142,754,763,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<taxonomicName box="[142,247,763,785]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[142,247,763,785]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Liolaemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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<treatmentCitation author="Abdala, C. S. & J. M. Diaz Gomez" box="[294,671,763,786]" page="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" year="2006">
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Abdala and Díaz
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<bibRefCitation author="Abdala, C. S. & J. M. Diaz Gomez" box="[485,750,763,786]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="21 - 33" part="1317" refString="Abdala, C. S., and J. M. Diaz Gomez´. 2006. A new species of the Liolaemus darwinii group (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from Catamarca Province, Argentina. Zootaxa 1317: 21 - 33." title="A new species of the Liolaemus darwinii group (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from Catamarca Province, Argentina" type="journal article" year="2006">
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Gómez (
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:
|
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<number box="[642,671,763,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="29.0">29</number>
|
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; fig.
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<number box="[725,740,764,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="3.0">3</number>
|
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[142,812,466,905]" box="[142,812,793,816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
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<taxonomicName box="[142,247,793,815]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[142,247,793,815]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Liolaemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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<number box="[293,309,793,814]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="3.0">3</number>
|
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Abdala, C. S." box="[320,808,793,816]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 84" part="1538" refString="Abdala, C. S. 2007. Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 1538: 1 - 84." title="Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Abdala (
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<number box="[411,472,793,816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
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:51, 55, 57, 60,
|
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<number box="[637,667,794,815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="77.0">77</number>
|
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; figs.
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<number box="[730,801,793,816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="34.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="32.0">32–36</number>
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)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[142,812,466,905]" box="[142,811,822,845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[142,811,822,845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Pincheira-Donoso et al." authorityName="Pincheira-Donoso et al." authorityYear="2007" box="[142,700,822,845]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[142,246,822,844]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Liolaemus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[285,369,822,844]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Pincheira-Donoso, D." box="[376,732,822,845]" page="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pincheira-Donoso, D." box="[376,700,822,845]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="25 - 42" part="1452" refString="Pincheira-Donoso, D., J. A. Scolaro, and J. A. Schulte, II. 2007. The limits of polymorphism in Liolaemus rothi: molecular and phenotypic evidence for a new species of the Liolaemus boulengeri clade (Iguanidae, Liolaemini) from boreal Patagonia of Chile. Zootaxa 1452: 25 - 42." title="The limits of polymorphism in Liolaemus rothi: molecular and phenotypic evidence for a new species of the Liolaemus boulengeri clade (Iguanidae, Liolaemini) from boreal Patagonia of Chile" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Pincheira-Donoso et al. (
|
||
<number box="[642,700,823,844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<number box="[704,732,823,844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="32.0">32</number>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; fig.
|
||
<number box="[783,798,823,845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[142,812,466,905]" box="[142,643,852,875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Schulte" authorityName="Schulte" authorityYear="2013" box="[142,637,852,875]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[142,247,852,874]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Liolaemus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[290,376,852,874]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schulte, J. A., II." box="[384,637,852,875]" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 12" part="2013" refString="Schulte, J. A., II. 2013. Undersampling taxa will underestimate molecular divergence dates: an example from the South American lizard clade Liolaemini. International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2013: 1 - 12." title="Undersampling taxa will underestimate molecular divergence dates: an example from the South American lizard clade Liolaemini" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Schulte (
|
||
<number box="[481,542,852,875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2013.0">2013</number>
|
||
:
|
||
<number box="[546,559,852,875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
; fig.
|
||
<number box="[614,626,853,875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[142,812,466,905]" box="[142,740,882,905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[142,740,882,905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[142,247,882,904]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[142,247,882,904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Liolaemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<number box="[294,308,883,904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Olave, M. & L. J. Avila & J. W. Sites & M. Morando" box="[316,563,882,905]" page="329" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" year="2014">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Olave, M. & L. J. Avila & J. W. Sites & M. Morando" box="[316,516,882,905]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="323 - 337" part="43" refString="Olave, M., L. J. Avila, J. W. Sites, Jr., and M. Morando. 2014. Multilocus phylogeny of the widely distributed South American lizard clade Eulaemus (Liolaemini, Liolaemus). Zoologica Scripta 43: 323 - 337." title="Multilocus phylogeny of the widely distributed South American lizard clade Eulaemus (Liolaemini, Liolaemus)" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Olave et al. (
|
||
<number box="[457,516,883,904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2014.0">2014</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<number box="[520,618,883,904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="329331.0">329, 331</number>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; figs. 4, 6).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[142,812,936,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1275225956" collectingDate="2001-01" collectionCode="FML" collectorName="C. Abdala & J. Abdala & E. Malovini" country="Argentina" elevation="1305" latitude="-35.038826" location="San Rafael Department, collected on the dunes next to El Nihuil Dam on Provincial Route 180" longitude="-68.6701667" municipality="Mendoza Province" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" specimenCode="FML 16221" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,266,936,958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[142,237,936,958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[266,400,936,959]" httpUri="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FML16221" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[266,400,936,959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
FML
|
||
<number box="[329,400,936,959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="16221.0">16221</number>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
, adult
|
||
<specimenCount box="[487,563,936,959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="female">female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[581,693,936,959]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Mendoza Province</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A05F59FFC8FFC6B5F0FE84B880FC37:8ED6B894FFC8FFC3B47CFC0EB8A6FC43" country="Argentina" latitude="-35.038826" municipality="Mendoza Province" name="San Rafael Department, collected on the dunes next to El Nihuil Dam on Provincial Route 180" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">San Rafael Department, collected on the dunes next to El Nihuil Dam on Provincial Route 180</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[664,807,992,1018]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" precision="1" value="-35.038826">
|
||
35°
|
||
<number box="[700,714,995,1016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[721,782,995,1016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="19.77">19.77</number>
|
||
''S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[142,311,1022,1047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<number box="[142,170,1024,1047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="68.0">68</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[178,206,1025,1046]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="40.0">40</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[214,277,1024,1047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="12.6">12.60</number>
|
||
''W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[335,430,1024,1047]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.305" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="1305.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[335,430,1024,1047]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.305" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="1305.0">1305 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[454,574,1024,1047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">C. Abdala</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[598,708,1024,1047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">J. Abdala</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName pageId="2" pageNumber="489">E. Malovini</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[256,404,1055,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2001-01">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[256,404,1055,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2001-01">
|
||
January
|
||
<number box="[349,404,1055,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2001.0">2001</number>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[419,479,1054,1077]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[142,169,1949,1969]" captionTargetBox="[142,813,1201,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[142,813,1201,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the holotype (FML 16221) of Liolaemus parthenos, new species, from the type locality in San Rafael Department, Mendoza Province, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269581/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[467,479,1055,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[142,812,1107,1160]" lastBlockId="2.[859,1529,128,359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,276,1108,1129]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[142,247,1108,1129]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[276,402,1107,1130]" httpUri="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FML16222" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[276,325,1108,1129]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sggj-9jsz" name="Fundacion Miguel Lillo" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">FML</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[333,402,1107,1130]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="16222.0">16222</number>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<number box="[416,443,1107,1130]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="24.0">24</number>
|
||
, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus box="[604,705,1107,1130]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode box="[717,811,1108,1129]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/v1sh-6y5w" name="Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Biologia Animal" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">IBAUNC</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[142,198,1138,1159]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="9772.0">9772</number>
|
||
–73, 9775–
|
||
<number box="[320,347,1137,1160]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="77.0">77</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[358,470,1137,1160]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Mendoza Province, San Rafael Department,
|
||
<quantity box="[1017,1179,130,153]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" unit="km" value="35.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="10.0">10 to 60 km</quantity>
|
||
S of El Nihuil,
|
||
<number box="[1394,1422,130,153]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="35.0">35</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[1430,1444,132,153]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1451,1499,131,152]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="0.71">0.71</number>
|
||
''S,
|
||
<number box="[859,886,160,183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="68.0">68</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[895,922,161,182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="41.0">41</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[929,977,161,182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="4.28">4.28</number>
|
||
''W to
|
||
<number box="[1055,1082,160,183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="35.0">35</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[1090,1117,161,182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="33.0">33</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1125,1186,161,182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="49.47">49.47</number>
|
||
'' S,
|
||
<number box="[1226,1253,160,183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="68.0">68</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[1261,1288,161,182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="41.0">41</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1296,1357,160,183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="15.14">15.14</number>
|
||
''W,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="1500.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="1400.0">1400–1600 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[906,1140,189,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1973-11-25">
|
||
<number box="[906,934,189,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="25.0">25</number>
|
||
November
|
||
<number box="[1084,1140,190,211]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1973.0">1973</number>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1163,1259,190,211]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/v1sh-6y5w" name="Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Biologia Animal" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">IBAUNC</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[1276,1346,190,211]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="11431.0">11431</number>
|
||
–
|
||
<number box="[1359,1387,189,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="35.0">35</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1410,1522,189,212]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Mendoza Province, San Rafael Department, Pampa del Diamante,
|
||
<number box="[985,1012,249,270]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="34.0">34</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[1021,1048,248,271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="54.0">54</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1055,1116,249,270]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="44.39">44.39</number>
|
||
'' S,
|
||
<number box="[1157,1184,248,271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="68.0">68</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[1192,1219,248,271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="51.0">51</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1227,1288,248,271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="38.58">38.58</number>
|
||
''W,
|
||
<quantity box="[1340,1430,249,270]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1975-02-17">
|
||
<number box="[1445,1472,249,270]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="17.0">17</number>
|
||
February
|
||
<number box="[929,986,277,300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1975.0">1975</number>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1002,1090,278,299]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">MHNSR</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[1101,1170,278,299]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="80.0" valueMax="82.0" valueMin="78.0">78–82</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1186,1298,277,300]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Mendoza Province, San Rafael Department, Club de Pescadores, El Nihuil,
|
||
<number box="[859,886,336,359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="35.0">35</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[895,909,336,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[916,977,336,359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="10.54">10.54</number>
|
||
''S,
|
||
<number box="[1015,1042,336,359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="68.0">68</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[1050,1077,336,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="42.0">42</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1085,1146,336,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="33.84">33.84</number>
|
||
''W,
|
||
<quantity box="[1195,1282,336,359]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.325" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="1325.0">1325 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1294,1467,336,359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1975-01-01">
|
||
<number box="[1294,1308,336,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
January
|
||
<number box="[1409,1467,336,359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1975.0">1975</number>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="490" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[857,1531,389,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,1208,389,411]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[859,992,390,411]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Diagnosis.—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[992,1208,389,411]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">Liolaemus parthenos</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is the only known triploid unisexual iguanian lizard with the karyotype
|
||
<number box="[1359,1372,419,440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
n =
|
||
<number box="[1416,1443,419,440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="49.0">49</number>
|
||
(
|
||
<number box="[1458,1483,419,440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="19.0">19</number>
|
||
M +
|
||
<quantity box="[859,913,448,470]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="30.0">30m</quantity>
|
||
). The new species is a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1326,1458,448,470]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1326,1458,448,470]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (Etheridge,
|
||
<number box="[994,1051,477,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1995.0">1995</number>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Abdala, C. S." box="[1071,1226,477,500]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 84" part="1538" refString="Abdala, C. S. 2007. Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 1538: 1 - 84." title="Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Abdala,
|
||
<number box="[1168,1226,478,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with which it shares a femoral patch of enlarged scales on the posterior thigh. The
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,991,536,558]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,991,536,558]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group includes the following subclades (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Abdala, C. S." journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 84" part="1538" refString="Abdala, C. S. 2007. Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 1538: 1 - 84." title="Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Abdala,
|
||
<number box="[859,917,566,588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[935,1062,565,587]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[935,1062,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. anomalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1075,1187,565,587]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1075,1187,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1199,1345,566,587]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wiegmannii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1199,1345,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. wiegmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1405,1529,565,587]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1405,1529,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. melanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[888,974,594,616]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telsen">
|
||
<emphasis box="[888,974,594,616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. telsen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group +
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1073,1181,594,616]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goetschi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1073,1181,594,616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. goetschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group), each of which includes several species as described below. Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1394,1529,624,646]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1394,1529,624,646]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[943,1076,653,675]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[943,1076,653,675]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1332,1451,653,675]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1332,1451,653,675]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Abdala, C. S." box="[867,1021,682,705]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 84" part="1538" refString="Abdala, C. S. 2007. Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 1538: 1 - 84." title="Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Abdala,
|
||
<number box="[963,1021,683,705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with which it shares the following eight synapomorphies: (
|
||
<number box="[1073,1084,712,734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
)
|
||
<number box="[1107,1174,712,733]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="16.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="14.0">14–18</number>
|
||
dorsal head scales; (
|
||
<number box="[1426,1440,712,734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
)
|
||
<number box="[1462,1529,712,733]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="26.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="24.0">24–28</number>
|
||
gulars; (
|
||
<number box="[947,960,742,764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
) tail length/SVL ratio:
|
||
<number box="[1215,1325,741,764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="1.525" valueMax="1.65" valueMin="1.4">1.40–1.65</number>
|
||
; (
|
||
<number box="[1345,1359,742,764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
) femur length/ SVL ratio:
|
||
<number box="[979,1089,770,793]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="0.18" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.16">0.16–0.20</number>
|
||
; (
|
||
<number box="[1112,1125,770,793]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
)
|
||
<number box="[1143,1182,771,792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3</number>
|
||
differentiated scales along the lower half of the anterior border of the external auditory meatus; (
|
||
<number box="[961,975,829,852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
) weakly developed longitudinal fold; (
|
||
<number box="[1402,1416,830,852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
) dark line passing vertically through superciliaries, eye, and subocular; and (
|
||
<number box="[920,933,888,910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
) small prescapular spots.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1229,1443,887,909]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1229,1443,887,909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Liolaemus parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1270,1406,917,939]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1270,1406,917,939]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. anomalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acostai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. acostai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[952,1088,946,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[952,1088,946,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. anomalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1109,1216,946,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ditadai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1109,1216,946,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. ditadai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1237,1333,946,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lentus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1237,1333,946,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. lentus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1355,1487,946,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="millcayac">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1355,1487,946,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. millcayac</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pipanaco">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. pipanaco</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1012,1209,975,998]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoanomalus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1012,1209,975,998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. pseudoanomalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) because the new species has a tail that is longer than its body, a head that is longer than wide, and lacks both a palpebral ‘‘comb’’ and pterygoid teeth.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,1072,1063,1085]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,1072,1063,1085]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Liolaemus parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,1008,1094,1115]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wiegmannii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,1008,1094,1115]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. wiegmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1098,1265,1093,1115]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arambarensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1098,1265,1093,1115]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. arambarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1280,1373,1094,1115]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azarai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1280,1373,1094,1115]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. azarai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1388,1522,1093,1115]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuyumhue">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1388,1522,1093,1115]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. cuyumhue</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,948,1122,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutzae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,948,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. lutzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[960,1148,1122,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[960,1148,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. multimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1161,1289,1122,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occipitalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1161,1289,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. occipitalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1302,1401,1122,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rabinoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1302,1401,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. rabinoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1413,1523,1123,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riojanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1413,1523,1123,1144]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. riojanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,984,1151,1174]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salinicola">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,984,1151,1174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. salinicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[998,1126,1151,1174]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scapularis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[998,1126,1151,1174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. scapularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1188,1334,1153,1174]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wiegmannii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1188,1334,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. wiegmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) because the new species has a single row of lorilabials between the subocular and the supralabials (
|
||
<number box="[1130,1170,1211,1232]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3</number>
|
||
rows in members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wiegmannii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. wiegmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group) and four scales around the mental (
|
||
<number box="[1515,1529,1239,1262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
scales in the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1008,1157,1270,1291]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wiegmannii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1008,1157,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. wiegmannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species). The new species, can be distinguished from species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1312,1421,1298,1320]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goetschi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1312,1421,1298,1320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. goetschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camarones">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. camarones</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[986,1104,1327,1350]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canqueli">
|
||
<emphasis box="[986,1104,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. canqueli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1121,1287,1327,1350]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="casamiquelai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1121,1287,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. casamiquelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1305,1490,1327,1349]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chehuachekenk">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1305,1490,1327,1349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. chehuachekenk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuyanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. cuyanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[961,1076,1356,1379]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumerili">
|
||
<emphasis box="[961,1076,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. dumerili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1094,1222,1356,1379]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitzingerii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1094,1222,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. fitzingerii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1240,1351,1356,1379]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goetschi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1240,1351,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. goetschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1368,1491,1356,1379]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mapuche">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1368,1491,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. mapuche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. melanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[970,1079,1387,1408]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morenoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[970,1079,1387,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. morenoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1092,1195,1386,1408]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puelche">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1092,1195,1386,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. puelche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1207,1282,1386,1408]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1207,1282,1386,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. rothi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1295,1372,1387,1408]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sagei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1295,1372,1387,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. sagei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1385,1496,1386,1408]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shehuen">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1385,1496,1386,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. shehuen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tromen">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. tromen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1016,1194,1415,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthoviridis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1016,1194,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. xanthoviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) based on its shorter SVL (maximum SVL
|
||
<quantity box="[1042,1143,1444,1467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.34" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" unit="mm" value="63.4">63.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity box="[1190,1324,1444,1467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="7.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" unit="mm" value="91.5" valueMax="106.0" valueMin="77.0">77–106 mm</quantity>
|
||
for the aforementioned taxa) and considerably less ventral melanism (except
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,936,1503,1525]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,936,1503,1525]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. rothi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[993,1072,1504,1525]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sagei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[993,1072,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. sagei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The new species also lacks the cephalic melanism typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1084,1197,1532,1555]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canqueli">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1084,1197,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. canqueli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1252,1376,1532,1555]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1252,1376,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. melanops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. With respect to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[891,1054,1562,1584]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="casamiquelai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[891,1054,1562,1584]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. casamiquelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1070,1253,1562,1584]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chehuachekenk">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1070,1253,1562,1584]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. chehuachekenk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1269,1395,1562,1584]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitzingerii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1269,1395,1562,1584]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. fitzingerii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1410,1523,1563,1584]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morenoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1410,1523,1563,1584]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. morenoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,958,1592,1613]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tromen">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,958,1592,1613]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. tromen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1019,1181,1591,1613]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthoviridis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1019,1181,1591,1613]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. xanthoviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the new species lacks the gular and antihumeral melanic collar that is typical of the aforementioned species.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1136,1349,1650,1672]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1136,1349,1650,1672]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Liolaemus parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,976,1680,1701]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuyanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,976,1680,1701]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. cuyanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[995,1108,1679,1701]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goetschi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[995,1108,1679,1701]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. goetschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1127,1204,1680,1701]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="josei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1127,1204,1680,1701]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. josei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1223,1348,1679,1701]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mapuche">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1223,1348,1679,1701]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. mapuche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1420,1529,1679,1701]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puelche">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1420,1529,1679,1701]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. puelche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the new species has four scales in contact with the mental, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1051,1165,1739,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuyanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1051,1165,1739,1760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. cuyanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has six scales and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1382,1493,1738,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goetschi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1382,1493,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. goetschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="josei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. josei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[924,1049,1767,1789]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mapuche">
|
||
<emphasis box="[924,1049,1767,1789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. mapuche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1124,1234,1767,1789]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puelche">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1124,1234,1767,1789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. puelche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have from
|
||
<number box="[1379,1418,1767,1790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6</number>
|
||
scales in contact with the mental. The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donosobarrosi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. donosobarrosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the former has fewer scales around the midbody (mean =
|
||
<number box="[1061,1111,1855,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="57.1">57.1</number>
|
||
; range =
|
||
<number box="[1210,1276,1855,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="57.0" valueMax="61.0" valueMin="53.0">53–61</number>
|
||
vs. mean =
|
||
<number box="[1407,1457,1855,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="85.4">85.4</number>
|
||
; range =
|
||
<number box="[883,953,1884,1907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" value="87.0" valueMax="95.0" valueMin="79.0">79–95</number>
|
||
, respectively). Also, the new species has a distinct dorsal pattern of quadrangular paravertebral markings, which distinguishes it from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1198,1281,1943,1965]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1198,1281,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. rothi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has irregular markings that are not quadrangular. The new species also has pre- and postscapular spots that are not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1444,1522,2002,2024]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1444,1522,2002,2024]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">L. rothi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269581/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" targetBox="[142,813,1201,1919]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[142,812,1949,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Fig. 1. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the holotype (FML 16221) of
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,347,1976,1996]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[142,342,1976,1996]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos" status="new species">Liolaemus parthenos</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[353,469,1976,1996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, from the type locality in San Rafael Department, Mendoza Province, Argentina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269582/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" targetBox="[103,1490,130,874]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[103,1490,904,951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
Fig. 2. Map showing known localities of
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[490,694,904,924]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[490,689,904,924]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos" status="new species">Liolaemus parthenos</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[700,815,905,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(black circles), in San Rafael Department, Mendoza Province, Argentina. Arrow indicates the type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[103,773,995,1738]" lastBlockId="3.[820,1491,995,1260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[103,315,995,1017]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[103,315,995,1017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Liolaemus parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[103,189,1024,1047]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telsen">
|
||
<emphasis box="[103,189,1024,1047]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. telsen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[278,410,1024,1047]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[278,410,1024,1047]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[425,600,1024,1047]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermannunezi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[425,600,1024,1047]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. hermannunezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[615,737,1024,1047]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inacayali">
|
||
<emphasis box="[615,737,1024,1047]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. inacayali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loboi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. loboi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[167,277,1056,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martorii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[167,277,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. martorii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[291,372,1055,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="purul">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,372,1055,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. purul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[385,488,1056,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senguer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[385,488,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. senguer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[501,579,1056,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sitesi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[501,579,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. sitesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[642,764,1055,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tehuelche">
|
||
<emphasis box="[642,764,1055,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. tehuelche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by its lack of gular melanism and dorsolateral bands that are more well defined. The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[682,772,1115,1137]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telsen">
|
||
<emphasis box="[682,772,1115,1137]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. telsen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the former has less gular melanism, paravertebral markings are more well defined, well-defined dorsolateral bands, and fewer middorsal scales on the trunk (counted from occiput to anterior thigh: mean =
|
||
<number box="[539,569,1235,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="65.0">65</number>
|
||
; range =
|
||
<number box="[669,736,1235,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="64.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="61.0">61–68</number>
|
||
vs. mean =
|
||
<number box="[197,247,1265,1286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="88.8">88.8</number>
|
||
; range =
|
||
<number box="[354,423,1265,1288]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="89.5" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="83.0">83–96</number>
|
||
, respectively). The new species also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[301,437,1295,1317]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[301,437,1295,1317]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[455,634,1295,1317]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermannunezi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[455,634,1295,1317]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. hermannunezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[652,734,1295,1317]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loboi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[652,734,1295,1317]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. loboi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martorii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. martorii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[200,281,1325,1347]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="purul">
|
||
<emphasis box="[200,281,1325,1347]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. purul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[344,466,1325,1347]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tehuelche">
|
||
<emphasis box="[344,466,1325,1347]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. tehuelche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the former has less conspicuous scapular spots. Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[549,664,1355,1377]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[549,664,1355,1377]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only species with strongly cuspidate coronas and distally expanded cheek teeth, as well as a unique color pattern for the group. The new species can be further distinguished from members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[532,652,1475,1497]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[532,652,1475,1497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abaucan">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. abaucan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[206,316,1505,1527]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiceps">
|
||
<emphasis box="[206,316,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. albiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[331,458,1505,1527]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calchaqui">
|
||
<emphasis box="[331,458,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. calchaqui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[474,611,1505,1527]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[474,611,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. chacoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[626,737,1506,1527]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[626,737,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. cinereus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crepuscularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. crepuscularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[251,368,1535,1557]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[251,368,1535,1557]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[386,501,1535,1557]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diaguita">
|
||
<emphasis box="[386,501,1535,1557]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. diaguita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[518,644,1536,1557]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="espinozai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[518,644,1536,1557]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. espinozai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grosseorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. grosseorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[166,303,1565,1587]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irregularis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[166,303,1565,1587]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. irregularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[324,469,1565,1587]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koslowskyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[324,469,1565,1587]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. koslowskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[489,603,1565,1587]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurenti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[489,603,1565,1587]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. laurenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[625,731,1565,1587]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavillai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[625,731,1565,1587]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. lavillai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanezi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. montanezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[225,350,1595,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olongasta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[225,350,1595,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. olongasta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[363,468,1596,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[363,468,1596,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. ornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[481,569,1595,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[481,569,1595,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. pacha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[583,689,1595,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quilmes">
|
||
<emphasis box="[583,689,1595,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. quilmes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uspallatensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. uspallatensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) because
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[352,483,1625,1647]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[352,483,1625,1647]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a unique pattern of large dark brown or black quadrangular or subquadrangular paravertebral and lateral markings, white dorsolateral stripes, and a white abdomen with small dark spots.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[667,919,995,1737]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[667,919,995,1737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Liolaemus parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1337,1450,995,1017]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiceps">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1337,1450,995,1017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. albiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calchaqui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. calchaqui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[940,1106,1025,1047]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crepuscularis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[940,1106,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. crepuscularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1127,1264,1025,1047]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irregularis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1127,1264,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. irregularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1285,1392,1025,1047]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavillai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1285,1392,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. lavillai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. ornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because females of the latter three species possess precloacal pores and adult
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1134,1247,1085,1108]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiceps">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1134,1247,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. albiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1312,1446,1085,1108]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irregularis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1312,1446,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. irregularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are considerably larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1093,1220,1116,1138]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1093,1220,1116,1138]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1235,1361,1116,1138]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1235,1361,1116,1138]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: maximum SVL
|
||
<quantity box="[876,981,1146,1169]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.34" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" unit="mm" value="63.4">63.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity box="[1036,1203,1146,1169]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.43" metricValueMax="8.61" metricValueMin="8.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" unit="mm" value="84.3" valueMax="86.1" valueMin="82.5">82.5–86.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively). Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1234,1350,1176,1198]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1234,1350,1176,1198]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the new species lacks an antehumeral arch and abdominal and femoral melanism.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="491" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[820,1491,1291,1738]" lastBlockId="4.[142,812,1276,1417]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="491" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,1093,1292,1314]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[972,1064,1292,1314]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1247,1305,1291,1314]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[142,169,1949,1969]" captionTargetBox="[142,813,1201,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[142,813,1201,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the holotype (FML 16221) of Liolaemus parthenos, new species, from the type locality in San Rafael Department, Mendoza Province, Argentina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269581/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1293,1305,1292,1314]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). SVL:
|
||
<quantity box="[1384,1486,1291,1314]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9799999999999995" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" unit="mm" value="59.8">59.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Tail complete, not regenerated:
|
||
<quantity box="[1168,1271,1322,1344]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.27" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" unit="mm" value="92.7">92.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Rostral surrounded by
|
||
<number box="[854,868,1352,1375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
scales. Nasal dorsolateral in orientation. Supraoculars:
|
||
<number box="[1470,1486,1353,1374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
. Interparietal smaller than parietals. Lorilabials:
|
||
<number box="[1384,1400,1383,1404]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
. Supralabials:
|
||
<number box="[910,926,1413,1434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
. Mental surrounded by
|
||
<number box="[1217,1231,1413,1434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
scales. Infralabials:
|
||
<number box="[1470,1486,1413,1436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
. Temporals:
|
||
<number box="[955,970,1444,1465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
, not keeled. Posterior teeth with expanded cusps. Anterior border of auditory meatus with one differentiated scale. Snout blunt in lateral view. Midbody scales:
|
||
<number box="[1456,1486,1503,1526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="58.0">58</number>
|
||
. Dorsal scales:
|
||
<number box="[984,1011,1534,1557]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="68.0">68</number>
|
||
from occiput to anterior thigh, laminar, imbricate, and keeled. Lateral neck folds well developed. Gulars:
|
||
<number box="[912,942,1595,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="27.0">27</number>
|
||
. Ventrals: in
|
||
<number box="[1107,1134,1595,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" value="21.0">21</number>
|
||
rows, imbricate, same size as dorsals. Infratarsals and infracarpals imbricate and trifid. Femoral patch well developed. No precloacal pores. Head light brown with two rows of quadrangular dark brown paravertebral marks with white posterior margins. Background of vertebral region dark brown with four lateral markings of same color. Anterior and posterior limbs same color as dorsum. Ventrally, throat variegated with dark brown or black spots; spot density increases posteriorly toward chest, abdomen, limbs, and tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269583/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" targetBox="[105,1092,1784,2017]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[1139,1491,1922,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
Fig. 3. Karyotype (left) and pair carrier of nucleolus organizer regions (right) for
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1238,1443,1975,1995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1238,1438,1975,1995]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos" status="new species">Liolaemus parthenos</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="490" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269584/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" targetBox="[142,1532,130,1054]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[142,1529,1084,1211]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">
|
||
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic hypotheses for 31 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[625,722,1084,1104]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[625,722,1084,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">Liolaemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emphasizing species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[994,1120,1084,1105]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[994,1120,1084,1105]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">L. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (stars) based on 1776 aligned base pairs of mtDNA sequence data. (A) Phylogeny based on Bayesian inference showing branch lengths proportional to evolutionary change and branch support represented as Bayesian credibility values below each node. (B) Cladogram based on a maximum parsimony analysis showing bootstrap and jackknife values above and below each clade, respectively. Retention index (RI): 0.796, consistency index (CI): 0.490. Photos show species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[142,239,1191,1211]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,239,1191,1211]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">Liolaemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inferred by both analyses to be closely related to
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[719,842,1191,1211]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[719,838,1191,1211]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos" status="new species">
|
||
L.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[742,838,1191,1211]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" rank="species" species="parthenos" status="new species">parthenos</taxonomicName>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[849,967,1191,1211]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[142,812,1447,1647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,448,1447,1469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[326,418,1447,1469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head
|
||
<number box="[511,545,1448,1469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="1.2">1.2</number>
|
||
times longer (
|
||
<quantity box="[703,804,1448,1469]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="11.9">11.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than wide (
|
||
<quantity box="[267,356,1476,1499]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="9.6">9.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Head height:
|
||
<quantity box="[523,612,1477,1499]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="8.2">8.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Eye diameter:
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Subocular:
|
||
<quantity box="[328,420,1507,1528]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Auditory meatus height:
|
||
<quantity box="[716,807,1507,1528]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; width:
|
||
<quantity box="[225,319,1536,1558]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Torso length:
|
||
<quantity box="[495,602,1535,1558]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.68" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="26.8">26.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; width:
|
||
<quantity box="[701,808,1536,1558]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="12.9">12.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Thigh length:
|
||
<quantity box="[298,386,1566,1587]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="9.9">9.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Upper arm length:
|
||
<quantity box="[603,690,1566,1587]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="8.2">8.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; width:
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Forearm length:
|
||
<quantity box="[395,489,1595,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="8.3">8.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Hand length:
|
||
<quantity box="[664,758,1595,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="9.2">9.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Tail length:
|
||
<quantity box="[229,332,1625,1646]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.27" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="92.7">92.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[142,813,1677,2024]" lastBlockId="4.[859,1531,1276,1394]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,271,1678,1699]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">Variation.—</emphasis>
|
||
Data from
|
||
<specimenCount box="[400,526,1677,1700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" type="female">
|
||
<number box="[400,427,1678,1699]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="70.0">70</number>
|
||
females
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
, unless otherwise noted. Mental in contact with four scales. Infralabials:
|
||
<number box="[763,804,1707,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6</number>
|
||
. Lorilabials:
|
||
<number box="[281,321,1736,1759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7</number>
|
||
, in one row. Interparietal smaller than parietal. Temporals:
|
||
<number box="[372,428,1766,1787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12</number>
|
||
. Auditory meatus with
|
||
<number box="[700,739,1766,1787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3</number>
|
||
scales on anterior edge and
|
||
<number box="[384,424,1796,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2</number>
|
||
on posterior edge. Neck folds well developed. Gulars:
|
||
<number box="[353,424,1825,1846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="25.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="23.0">23–28</number>
|
||
. Head narrow, longer (mean =
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="12.1">12.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than wide (mean =
|
||
<quantity box="[420,510,1855,1876]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="9.4">9.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Neck narrower than head and trunk. Body slender, SVL
|
||
<quantity box="[487,650,1883,1906]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.975" metricValueMax="6.34" metricValueMin="3.61" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="49.75" valueMax="63.4" valueMin="36.1">36.1–63.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.67" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="56.7">56.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Scales around midbody:
|
||
<number box="[489,556,1913,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="57.0" valueMax="61.0" valueMin="53.0">53–61</number>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<number box="[669,720,1913,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="57.1">57.1</number>
|
||
). Dorsal scales between occiput and anterior thigh:
|
||
<number box="[639,706,1942,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="64.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="61.0">61–68</number>
|
||
(mean = 65.0). Dorsal scales laminar, keeled, and imbricate. Infratarsals and infracarpals with imbricate, trifid scales. Femoral patch with
|
||
<number box="[992,1060,1277,1298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="26.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="23.0">23–30</number>
|
||
cone-shaped, mucronate scales. Ventrals:
|
||
<number box="[859,940,1308,1331]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="98.0" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="91.0">91–105</number>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<number box="[1053,1104,1308,1331]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="97.6">97.6</number>
|
||
), larger than dorsals. Precloacal pores absent. Complete tail:
|
||
<quantity box="[1116,1278,1340,1363]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" metricValueMax="9.27" metricValueMin="6.43" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="78.5" valueMax="92.7" valueMin="64.3">64.3–92.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1354,1368,1341,1362]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<number box="[1401,1431,1340,1361]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="48.0">48</number>
|
||
; mean =
|
||
<quantity box="[859,963,1372,1393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.33" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" unit="mm" value="83.3">83.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<number box="[983,1063,1371,1394]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="1.5" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.6</number>
|
||
times longer than SVL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[859,1529,1428,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[859,1115,1429,1451]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">Color variation in life.—</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal head light brown or gray with small black, irregularly distributed scales. Background dorsal color of body usually light brown, but light gray specimens not uncommon. Paravertebral markings square or rectangular, arranged longitudinally to long axis of body and dark brown or dark gray with white posterior margins. Lateral markings same color and form as paravertebral markings, but smaller than paravertebrals in some specimens. Vertebral region dark gray or light brown. Prescapular or postscapular spots less well defined, generally darker than lateral markings, but sometimes indistinguishable from them. Throat, abdomen, and cloaca region white with small irregularly shaped black spots. Ventral spots usually most dense along sides of abdomen. Mental and shield scales usually dark brown, but occasionally dark green. Longitudinal line extending along lateral tail (
|
||
<number box="[1180,1248,1906,1929]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="37.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="25.0">25–50</number>
|
||
% total tail length) splits into small black or dark brown rectangular bars. Color becomes less vibrant, but otherwise does not change appreciably after>
|
||
<number box="[1071,1085,2001,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
mo in preservative (
|
||
<number box="[1315,1343,2002,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" value="70.0">70</number>
|
||
% ethanol).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption box="[103,1193,1124,1144]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269585/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" targetBox="[103,1490,130,1094]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[103,156,1124,1144]" box="[103,156,1124,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[103,156,1124,1144]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[103,156,1124,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[141,153,1125,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[178,1193,1124,1144]" box="[178,1193,1124,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,1193,1124,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
Macrochromosome idiograms for
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[501,706,1124,1144]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[501,701,1124,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos" status="new species">Liolaemus parthenos</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[713,829,1125,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and its hypothetical parental species.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="492" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[103,773,1188,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[103,244,1188,1210]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Etymology.—</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[477,576,1188,1210]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[477,576,1188,1210]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a Greek noun meaning ‘‘virgin’’ or ‘‘maiden,’’ in reference to the presumed reproductive strategy of this all-female species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="492" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[103,773,1300,1441]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis box="[103,475,1300,1323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[103,258,1301,1323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Distribution.—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[258,475,1300,1322]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">Liolaemus parthenos</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known only from the outskirts of El Nihuil, Salinas del Diamante, and from south of El Nihuil on Provincial Route
|
||
<number box="[475,516,1360,1381]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="180.0">180</number>
|
||
near Sierra El Nevado, San Rafael Department, Mendoza Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[583,692,1389,1412]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4525" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.305" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" unit="m" value="1452.5" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="1305.0">1305– 1600 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[203,266,1418,1441]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="3.[103,130,904,924]" captionTargetBox="[103,1490,130,874]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[103,1490,130,874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Map showing known localities of Liolaemus parthenos, new species (black circles), in San Rafael Department, Mendoza Province, Argentina. Arrow indicates the type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269582/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[250,266,1419,1441]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[103,774,1472,2025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis box="[103,519,1472,1494]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[103,300,1472,1494]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Natural history.—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[300,519,1472,1494]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">Liolaemus parthenos</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is apparently an allfemale parthenogenetic species. Despite
|
||
<number box="[559,586,1502,1523]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="24.0">24</number>
|
||
collecting expeditions since
|
||
<number box="[248,303,1530,1553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="1995.0">1995</number>
|
||
for a total of approximately
|
||
<number box="[615,656,1530,1553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="650.0">650</number>
|
||
combined person hours of observing and collecting this species in nature, and after examining more than
|
||
<specimenCount box="[544,707,1589,1612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" type="generic">
|
||
<number box="[544,585,1590,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="300.0">300</number>
|
||
specimens
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(note only
|
||
<specimenCount box="[163,313,1619,1642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" type="generic">
|
||
<number box="[163,190,1619,1642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="65.0">65</number>
|
||
specimens
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
were collected and preserved because of restrictions imposed by collecting permits), no males were encountered. Thus, the probability of not encountering a male, if this was a bisexual species with an equal population sex ratio, would be
|
||
<number box="[328,362,1736,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="0.5">0.5</number>
|
||
<number box="[362,383,1731,1746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="65.0">65</number>
|
||
or
|
||
<number box="[425,459,1737,1758]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="2.7">2.7</number>
|
||
<number box="[470,491,1731,1746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="20.0">20</number>
|
||
, an infinitesimally small likelihood.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF76BEC7FFCFFFC4B64AF940BE40F8BD" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF76BEC7FFCFFFC4B64AF940BE40F8BD" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" targetBox="[820,1490,1817,2004]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[820,1490,1672,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
Table 1. Percentage of uncorrected pairwise distances between partial sequences of the mitochondrial ND1 gene of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1282,1485,1698,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos" status="new species">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1282,1485,1698,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Liolaemus parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[820,940,1725,1745]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and the other species belonging to the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1352,1490,1726,1745]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grosseorum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1352,1490,1726,1745]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">L. grosseorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade of the more inclusive
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1098,1225,1751,1771]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1098,1225,1751,1771]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">L. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. GenBank accession numbers appear in parentheses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="493" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[103,774,1472,2025]" lastBlockId="5.[820,1490,1188,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
Field observations of active
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[446,576,1795,1818]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[446,576,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were made from October through February, and again in April. During summer months (December to February), lizards were active only in the morning and afternoon. The shift to bimodal activity apparently helps them avoid the extreme heat of midday. In April (fall), only juveniles were active at midday, indicating seasonal or ontogenetic variation in diel activity. Body temperatures (
|
||
<emphasis box="[328,343,2003,2024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">T</emphasis>
|
||
bs) from four adult
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[562,690,2001,2024]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[562,690,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL =
|
||
<number box="[820,868,1188,1211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="51.8">51.8</number>
|
||
±
|
||
<quantity box="[888,974,1189,1210]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) collected in the late afternoon of
|
||
<date pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="1995-02-11">
|
||
<number box="[1360,1387,1189,1210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="11.0">11</number>
|
||
February
|
||
<number box="[820,875,1218,1241]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="1995.0">1995</number>
|
||
</date>
|
||
along the sandy shore of El Nihuil reservoir averaged
|
||
<number box="[820,868,1248,1271]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="34.6">34.6</number>
|
||
±
|
||
<number box="[888,922,1248,1269]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="3.4">3.4</number>
|
||
°C, which is similar to the field
|
||
<emphasis box="[1306,1321,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">T</emphasis>
|
||
bs reported for other low-elevation
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1045,1150,1278,1300]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1045,1150,1278,1300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Liolaemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lizards (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Espinoza, R. E. & J. J. Wiens & C. R. Tracy" box="[1243,1478,1278,1301]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" pagination="16819 - 16824" part="101" refString="Espinoza, R. E., J. J. Wiens, and C. R. Tracy. 2004. Recurrent evolution of herbivory in small, cold-climate lizards: breaking the ecophysiological rules of reptilian herbivory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101: 16819 - 16824." title="Recurrent evolution of herbivory in small, cold-climate lizards: breaking the ecophysiological rules of reptilian herbivory" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Espinoza et al.,
|
||
<number box="[1419,1478,1278,1300]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="2004.0">2004</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[820,1490,1188,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[844,1060,1308,1330]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[844,1060,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Liolaemus parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is oviparous and reproduces in summer. Reproductively active females (well-developed eggs in oviducts) were observed in January (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1273,1287,1369,1390]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<number box="[1332,1346,1368,1391]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
), and nonreproductive females were found in December and February (
|
||
<emphasis box="[829,843,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<number box="[870,899,1428,1450]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="13.0">13</number>
|
||
). However, in a different year, we found females with oviducts full of developing eggs in December (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1335,1349,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<number box="[1377,1406,1458,1480]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="11.0">11</number>
|
||
). These observations suggest that the reproductive period begins in November and lasts until late January.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[820,1490,1188,1630]" lastBlockId="6.[142,812,131,272]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="493" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[844,1059,1547,1569]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[844,1059,1547,1569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Liolaemus parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sympatric with the lizards
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Aurivela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicauda">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Aurivela longicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[954,1036,1577,1600]" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Teiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1062,1309,1577,1599]" class="Reptilia" family="Leiosauridae" genus="Diplolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sexcinctus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1062,1309,1577,1599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Diplolaemus sexcinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Leiosauridae" genus="Leiosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Leiosaurus bellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[889,1031,1607,1630]" class="Reptilia" family="Leiosauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leiosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and two congeneric species:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1386,1489,1607,1629]" class="Reptilia" family="Leiosauridae" genus="Leiosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1386,1489,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[200,352,132,153]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grosseorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[200,352,132,153]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. grosseorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Several species of snakes, which are potential predators of the new species, have also been observed in the area: the dipsadine colubrid snakes
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oxyrhopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhombifer">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Oxyrhopus rhombifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[260,474,219,241]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Philodryas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trilineata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[260,474,219,241]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Philodryas trilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis box="[548,777,219,241]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[548,773,219,241]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Xenodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semicinctus">Xenodon semicinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as well as the viperid
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[354,599,249,271]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ammodytoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[354,599,249,271]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Bothrops ammodytoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[820,1490,1672,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<table box="[820,1490,1817,2004]" gridcols="6" gridrows="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<tr box="[820,1490,1817,1839]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1185,1488,1817,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<th box="[1169,1216,1817,1839]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1185,1199,1817,1838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1185,1199,1817,1838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1245,1292,1817,1839]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1261,1275,1817,1838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1261,1275,1817,1838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1321,1368,1817,1839]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1337,1351,1817,1838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1337,1351,1817,1838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1397,1444,1817,1839]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1413,1427,1817,1838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1413,1427,1817,1838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1473,1490,1817,1839]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1474,1488,1818,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1474,1488,1818,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[820,1490,1867,1890]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th box="[820,1140,1867,1890]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[820,860,1867,1889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" type="generic">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,834,1867,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[820,834,1867,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[842,941,1867,1889]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurenti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,941,1867,1889]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">L. laurenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(AF099273.1)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[1169,1216,1867,1890]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[820,1490,1896,1918]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th box="[820,1140,1896,1918]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[820,860,1896,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" type="generic">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,834,1896,1917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[820,834,1896,1917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[842,985,1897,1918]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grosseorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,985,1897,1918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">L. grosseorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(AF099272.1)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[1169,1216,1896,1918]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1169,1216,1896,1917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="4.91">4.91</number>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1245,1292,1896,1918]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[820,1490,1925,1947]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th box="[820,1140,1925,1947]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[820,860,1925,1947]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" type="generic">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,834,1925,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[820,834,1925,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[842,944,1925,1947]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,944,1925,1947]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(AF099274.1)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[1169,1216,1925,1947]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1169,1216,1925,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="1.04">1.04</number>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1245,1292,1925,1947]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1245,1292,1925,1947]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="5.16">5.16</number>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1321,1368,1925,1947]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[820,1490,1953,1976]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th box="[820,1140,1953,1976]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[820,860,1953,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" type="generic">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,834,1953,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[820,834,1953,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[842,944,1954,1975]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,944,1954,1975]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(DQ002490.1)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[1169,1216,1953,1976]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1169,1216,1954,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="1.21">1.21</number>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1245,1292,1953,1976]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1245,1292,1954,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="4.97">4.97</number>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<number pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="2.93" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="0.86">
|
||
<td box="[1321,1368,1953,1976]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1321,1368,1953,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="2.93" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="0.86">0.86</number>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1397,1444,1953,1976]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1412,1429,1954,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="2.93" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="0.86">—</number>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<tr box="[820,1490,1982,2004]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<th box="[820,1140,1982,2004]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[820,860,1982,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" type="generic">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,834,1982,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[820,834,1982,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="2.93" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="0.86">5</number>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[842,967,1982,2004]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,967,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
(AF099275.1)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[1169,1216,1982,2004]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1169,1216,1982,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="1.39">1.39</number>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1245,1292,1982,2004]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1245,1292,1982,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="4.97">4.97</number>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1321,1368,1982,2004]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1321,1368,1982,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="1.27">1.27</number>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1397,1444,1982,2004]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<number box="[1397,1444,1982,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" value="1.44">1.44</number>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1473,1490,1982,2004]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</number>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[142,812,303,799]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis box="[142,628,303,325]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,401,303,325]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Cytogenetic analysis.—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[402,628,303,325]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">Liolaemus parthenos</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a triploid karyotype with
|
||
<number box="[327,340,333,354]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
n =
|
||
<number box="[395,422,333,354]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="49.0">49</number>
|
||
chromosomes (
|
||
<number box="[609,636,333,354]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="19.0">19</number>
|
||
macrochromosomes +
|
||
<number box="[246,273,362,383]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="30.0">30</number>
|
||
microchromosomes):
|
||
<number box="[529,556,362,383]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="17.0">17</number>
|
||
of the macrochromosomes are biarmed metacentric or submetacentric and two are acrocentric. All the microchromosomes appear to be acro- or telocentric (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[305,368,450,473]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="3.[1139,1168,1922,1942]" captionTargetBox="[105,1092,1784,2017]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[103,1093,1781,2017]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Karyotype (left) and pair carrier of nucleolus organizer regions (right) for Liolaemus parthenos, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269583/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[353,368,451,473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Because of their size and morphology, the macrochromosomes clustered into four groups: (
|
||
<number box="[744,755,481,503]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
) the two largest pairs almost equal in size, but differing in centromere position (the first metacentric and the second submetacentric); (
|
||
<number box="[343,357,569,591]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
) pairs
|
||
<number box="[436,450,569,590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
and
|
||
<number box="[511,525,569,590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
almost equal in size and morphology (with a centric fission in the haploid homologue of pair
|
||
<number box="[221,235,628,650]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
); (
|
||
<number box="[265,278,628,650]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
) pair
|
||
<number box="[344,358,628,651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
(submetacentric in two homologues and metacentric in the third); and (
|
||
<number box="[493,507,658,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
) pair
|
||
<number box="[574,589,657,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
, the smallest of the macrochromosomes with metacentric morphology. Only two of the homologous regions of chromosome pair
|
||
<number box="[732,746,717,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
show secondary constrictions and areas with NORs in the telomere of their long arms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[142,812,829,1325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,396,829,851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Phylogenetic analysis.—</emphasis>
|
||
The trees based on Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony were topologically very similar, with sources of conflict occurring solely at nodes that were weakly supported in one or both analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[660,729,918,941]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="4.[142,169,1084,1104]" captionTargetBox="[142,1532,130,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[142,1532,130,1055]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Phylogenetic hypotheses for 31 species of Liolaemus emphasizing species in the L. boulengeri group (stars) based on 1776 aligned base pairs of mtDNA sequence data. (A) Phylogeny based on Bayesian inference showing branch lengths proportional to evolutionary change and branch support represented as Bayesian credibility values below each node. (B) Cladogram based on a maximum parsimony analysis showing bootstrap and jackknife values above and below each clade, respectively. Retention index (RI): 0.796, consistency index (CI): 0.490. Photos show species of Liolaemus inferred by both analyses to be closely related to L. parthenos, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269584/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[713,729,919,941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). With respect to the new species, both trees strongly supported the placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[295,422,977,999]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[295,422,977,999]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[504,646,978,999]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grosseorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[504,646,978,999]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. grosseorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[336,470,1007,1029]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[336,470,1007,1029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[562,700,1007,1029]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[562,700,1007,1029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. chacoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurenti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. laurenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[311,426,1036,1059]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[311,426,1036,1059]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[516,659,1038,1059]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grosseorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[516,659,1038,1059]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. grosseorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade)))) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="4.[142,169,1084,1104]" captionTargetBox="[142,1532,130,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[142,1532,130,1055]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Phylogenetic hypotheses for 31 species of Liolaemus emphasizing species in the L. boulengeri group (stars) based on 1776 aligned base pairs of mtDNA sequence data. (A) Phylogeny based on Bayesian inference showing branch lengths proportional to evolutionary change and branch support represented as Bayesian credibility values below each node. (B) Cladogram based on a maximum parsimony analysis showing bootstrap and jackknife values above and below each clade, respectively. Retention index (RI): 0.796, consistency index (CI): 0.490. Photos show species of Liolaemus inferred by both analyses to be closely related to L. parthenos, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269584/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[142,156,1067,1088]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[247,401,1067,1088]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grosseorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[247,401,1067,1088]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. grosseorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade is also supported by nine morphological synapomorphies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Abdala, C. S." box="[513,665,1095,1118]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="1 - 84" part="1538" refString="Abdala, C. S. 2007. Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 1538: 1 - 84." title="Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Abdala,
|
||
<number box="[607,665,1096,1118]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[142,288,1126,1147]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grosseorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[142,288,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. grosseorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[374,505,1125,1147]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[374,505,1125,1147]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in a well-supported yet unresolved clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[389,502,1155,1177]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[389,502,1155,1177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Río Negro Province) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurenti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. laurenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[238,299,1184,1207]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="4.[142,169,1084,1104]" captionTargetBox="[142,1532,130,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[142,1532,130,1055]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Phylogenetic hypotheses for 31 species of Liolaemus emphasizing species in the L. boulengeri group (stars) based on 1776 aligned base pairs of mtDNA sequence data. (A) Phylogeny based on Bayesian inference showing branch lengths proportional to evolutionary change and branch support represented as Bayesian credibility values below each node. (B) Cladogram based on a maximum parsimony analysis showing bootstrap and jackknife values above and below each clade, respectively. Retention index (RI): 0.796, consistency index (CI): 0.490. Photos show species of Liolaemus inferred by both analyses to be closely related to L. parthenos, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269584/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[287,299,1185,1207]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A) or nested within a weakly supported clade containing populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[480,609,1214,1236]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[480,609,1214,1236]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the more southern provinces of Mendoza and Ŕıo Negro and those occurring farther north in La Rioja Province, with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[704,811,1273,1295]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurenti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[704,811,1273,1295]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. laurenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
strongly supported as sister to these four lineages (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[705,767,1302,1325]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="4.[142,169,1084,1104]" captionTargetBox="[142,1532,130,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[142,1532,130,1055]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Phylogenetic hypotheses for 31 species of Liolaemus emphasizing species in the L. boulengeri group (stars) based on 1776 aligned base pairs of mtDNA sequence data. (A) Phylogeny based on Bayesian inference showing branch lengths proportional to evolutionary change and branch support represented as Bayesian credibility values below each node. (B) Cladogram based on a maximum parsimony analysis showing bootstrap and jackknife values above and below each clade, respectively. Retention index (RI): 0.796, consistency index (CI): 0.490. Photos show species of Liolaemus inferred by both analyses to be closely related to L. parthenos, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269584/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[753,767,1303,1325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[142,285,1364,1386]" box="[142,285,1364,1386]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<heading allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[142,285,1364,1386]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,285,1364,1386]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[142,813,1410,2024]" lastBlockId="6.[859,1530,130,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
Based on previous studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schulte, J. A. & J. R. Macey & R. E. Espinoza & A. Larson" box="[447,667,1410,1433]" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="75 - 102" part="69" refString="Schulte, J. A., II, J. R. Macey, R. E. Espinoza, and A. Larson. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69: 75 - 102." title="Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Schulte et al.,
|
||
<number box="[610,667,1410,1431]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2000.0">2000</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Morando, M." journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="842 - 861" part="58" refString="Morando, M., L. J. Avila, J. Baker, and J. W. Sites, Jr. 2004. Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae): evidence for introgression and incomplete lineage sorting. Evolution 58: 842 - 861." title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae): evidence for introgression and incomplete lineage sorting" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Morando et al.,
|
||
<number box="[184,241,1440,1461]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2004.0">2004</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pincheira-Donoso, D." box="[254,588,1439,1462]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="25 - 42" part="1452" refString="Pincheira-Donoso, D., J. A. Scolaro, and J. A. Schulte, II. 2007. The limits of polymorphism in Liolaemus rothi: molecular and phenotypic evidence for a new species of the Liolaemus boulengeri clade (Iguanidae, Liolaemini) from boreal Patagonia of Chile. Zootaxa 1452: 25 - 42." title="The limits of polymorphism in Liolaemus rothi: molecular and phenotypic evidence for a new species of the Liolaemus boulengeri clade (Iguanidae, Liolaemini) from boreal Patagonia of Chile" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Pincheira-Donoso et al.,
|
||
<number box="[531,588,1440,1461]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schulte, J. A., II." box="[601,753,1439,1462]" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="1 - 12" part="2013" refString="Schulte, J. A., II. 2013. Undersampling taxa will underestimate molecular divergence dates: an example from the South American lizard clade Liolaemini. International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2013: 1 - 12." title="Undersampling taxa will underestimate molecular divergence dates: an example from the South American lizard clade Liolaemini" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Schulte,
|
||
<number box="[698,753,1440,1462]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2013.0">2013</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the phylogenetic hypotheses presented here (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[690,760,1469,1492]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="4.[142,169,1084,1104]" captionTargetBox="[142,1532,130,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[142,1532,130,1055]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Phylogenetic hypotheses for 31 species of Liolaemus emphasizing species in the L. boulengeri group (stars) based on 1776 aligned base pairs of mtDNA sequence data. (A) Phylogeny based on Bayesian inference showing branch lengths proportional to evolutionary change and branch support represented as Bayesian credibility values below each node. (B) Cladogram based on a maximum parsimony analysis showing bootstrap and jackknife values above and below each clade, respectively. Retention index (RI): 0.796, consistency index (CI): 0.490. Photos show species of Liolaemus inferred by both analyses to be closely related to L. parthenos, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269584/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[746,760,1470,1492]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[500,621,1498,1521]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[500,621,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[691,805,1498,1521]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurenti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[691,805,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. laurenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, species that are morphologically typical of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[693,811,1528,1550]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[693,811,1528,1550]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Etheridge, R." box="[225,406,1558,1581]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="137 - 199" part="11" refString="Etheridge, R. 1993. Lizards of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae) in northern Argentina. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 11: 137 - 199." title="Lizards of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae) in northern Argentina" type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Etheridge,
|
||
<number box="[349,406,1558,1579]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="1993.0">1993</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Abdala, C. S." box="[422,574,1558,1581]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="1 - 84" part="1538" refString="Abdala, C. S. 2007. Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 1538: 1 - 84." title="Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Abdala,
|
||
<number box="[516,574,1558,1580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The closest known locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[271,378,1587,1609]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurenti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[271,378,1587,1609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. laurenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is approximately
|
||
<quantity box="[580,665,1587,1610]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" unit="km" value="300.0">300 km</quantity>
|
||
to the north of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[216,264,1618,1639]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[392,519,1617,1639]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[392,519,1617,1639]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[631,746,1617,1639]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[631,746,1617,1639]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a much wider distribution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Abdala, C. S." box="[441,592,1646,1669]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="1 - 84" part="1538" refString="Abdala, C. S. 2007. Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 1538: 1 - 84." title="Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Abdala,
|
||
<number box="[536,592,1647,1669]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) including a small population that is sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[541,672,1676,1698]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[541,672,1676,1698]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[764,812,1677,1698]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the latter species. It is noteworthy that a similarly proximate distributional association has been reported for a parthenogenetic species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[478,569,1765,1787]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Leiolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[478,569,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Leiolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its matrilineal ancestor (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grismer, J. L. & L. L. Grismer" box="[250,560,1794,1817]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="47 - 61" part="2433" refString="Grismer, J. L., and L. L. Grismer. 2010. Who's your mommy? Identifying maternal ancestors of asexual species of Leiolepis Cuvier, 1829 and the description of a new endemic species of asexual Leiolepis Cuvier, 1829 from southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 2433: 47 - 61." title="Who's your mommy? Identifying maternal ancestors of asexual species of Leiolepis Cuvier, 1829 and the description of a new endemic species of asexual Leiolepis Cuvier, 1829 from southern Vietnam" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Grismer and Grismer,
|
||
<number box="[503,560,1795,1816]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2010.0">2010</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grismer, J. L. & A. M. Bauer & L. L. Grismer & K. Thirakhupt & A. Aowphol & J. R. Oaks & P. L. Wood & C. K. Onn & N. Thy & M. Cota & T. Jackman" box="[573,801,1794,1817]" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="1080 - 1093" part="113" refString="Grismer, J. L., A. M. Bauer, L. L. Grismer, K. Thirakhupt, A. Aowphol, J. R. Oaks, P. L. Wood, Jr., C. K. Onn, N. Thy, M. Cota, and T. Jackman. 2014. Multiple origins of parthenogenesis, and a revised species phylogeny for the Southeast Asian butterfly lizards, Leiolepis. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 113: 1080 - 1093." title="Multiple origins of parthenogenesis, and a revised species phylogeny for the Southeast Asian butterfly lizards, Leiolepis" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Grismer et al.,
|
||
<number box="[742,801,1795,1817]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2014.0">2014</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A close phylogenetic association between
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[607,734,1824,1846]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[607,734,1824,1846]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported in previous phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schulte, J. A. & J. R. Macey & R. E. Espinoza & A. Larson" box="[346,565,1883,1906]" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="75 - 102" part="69" refString="Schulte, J. A., II, J. R. Macey, R. E. Espinoza, and A. Larson. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69: 75 - 102." title="Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Schulte et al. (
|
||
<number box="[501,557,1884,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2000.0">2000</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[685,811,1883,1905]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[685,811,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as ‘‘
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[192,325,1913,1935]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[192,325,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’’) in the clade:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[501,643,1914,1935]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grosseorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[501,643,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. grosseorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[660,774,1913,1935]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[660,774,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[258,365,1942,1964]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurenti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[258,365,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. laurenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
))). A phylogeographic analysis of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group conducted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Morando, M." box="[461,699,1972,1995]" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="842 - 861" part="58" refString="Morando, M., L. J. Avila, J. Baker, and J. W. Sites, Jr. 2004. Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae): evidence for introgression and incomplete lineage sorting. Evolution 58: 842 - 861." title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae): evidence for introgression and incomplete lineage sorting" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Morando et al. (
|
||
<number box="[635,691,1972,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2004.0">2004</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[142,267,2001,2024]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[142,267,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as ‘‘
|
||
<emphasis box="[321,335,2003,2024]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. nov.’’) as the sister taxon to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[687,792,2001,2024]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurenti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[687,792,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. laurenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,974,130,153]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,974,130,153]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Finally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pincheira-Donoso, D." box="[1076,1414,130,153]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="25 - 42" part="1452" refString="Pincheira-Donoso, D., J. A. Scolaro, and J. A. Schulte, II. 2007. The limits of polymorphism in Liolaemus rothi: molecular and phenotypic evidence for a new species of the Liolaemus boulengeri clade (Iguanidae, Liolaemini) from boreal Patagonia of Chile. Zootaxa 1452: 25 - 42." title="The limits of polymorphism in Liolaemus rothi: molecular and phenotypic evidence for a new species of the Liolaemus boulengeri clade (Iguanidae, Liolaemini) from boreal Patagonia of Chile" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Pincheira-Donoso et al. (
|
||
<number box="[1351,1407,131,153]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,987,160,182]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,987,160,182]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1034,1182,160,183]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1034,1048,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1096,1182,160,182]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1197,1258,161,182]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/j1yc-pyd8" name="Severin-McDaniel Insect Collection" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">SDSU</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[1266,1323,160,183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="3469.0">3469</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[1336,1448,160,183]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/AF099275" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">AF099275</accessionNumber>
|
||
) as the sister taxon to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1042,1162,189,211]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1042,1162,189,211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1339,1487,190,211]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grosseorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1339,1487,190,211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. grosseorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[961,1088,218,240]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[961,1088,218,240]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1118,1232,218,240]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1118,1232,218,240]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Chubut))). Although
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,985,247,270]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,985,247,270]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is superficially similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1264,1395,247,270]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1264,1395,247,270]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, these three molecular studies each strongly support the relationships among
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[943,1069,306,328]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[943,1069,306,328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1084,1197,306,328]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1084,1197,306,328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1211,1318,306,328]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurenti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1211,1318,306,328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. laurenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1381,1522,307,328]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grosseorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1381,1522,307,328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. grosseorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[859,1530,130,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
The most parsimonious interpretation of the triploid karyotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1015,1146,364,387]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1015,1146,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1165,1230,364,387]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="5.[103,130,1124,1144]" captionTargetBox="[103,1490,130,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[103,1490,130,1095]" captionText="Fig. 5. Macrochromosome idiograms for Liolaemus parthenos, new species, and its hypothetical parental species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269585/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1217,1230,364,387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) is that the species arose via hybridization. The karyotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1256,1382,393,416]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1256,1382,393,416]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1397,1458,393,416]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="4.[142,169,1084,1104]" captionTargetBox="[142,1532,130,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[142,1532,130,1055]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Phylogenetic hypotheses for 31 species of Liolaemus emphasizing species in the L. boulengeri group (stars) based on 1776 aligned base pairs of mtDNA sequence data. (A) Phylogeny based on Bayesian inference showing branch lengths proportional to evolutionary change and branch support represented as Bayesian credibility values below each node. (B) Cladogram based on a maximum parsimony analysis showing bootstrap and jackknife values above and below each clade, respectively. Retention index (RI): 0.796, consistency index (CI): 0.490. Photos show species of Liolaemus inferred by both analyses to be closely related to L. parthenos, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269584/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1444,1458,394,416]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) has a clear diploid component (
|
||
<number box="[1156,1182,424,445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
M +
|
||
<quantity box="[1242,1292,424,446]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" unit="m" value="20.0">20m</quantity>
|
||
) contributed by one parental species and an additional haploid set (
|
||
<number box="[1400,1413,453,474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
M +
|
||
<quantity box="[1471,1520,453,475]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</quantity>
|
||
) provided by the other parental genome (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1355,1425,481,504]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="5.[103,130,1124,1144]" captionTargetBox="[103,1490,130,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[103,1490,130,1095]" captionText="Fig. 5. Macrochromosome idiograms for Liolaemus parthenos, new species, and its hypothetical parental species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269585/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1410,1425,481,504]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the haploid component the two acrocentric macrochromosomes are interpreted as homologs of the two arms (
|
||
<number box="[1375,1388,540,561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
p and
|
||
<number box="[1462,1475,540,562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
q) of pair
|
||
<number box="[912,926,570,591]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
(
|
||
<number box="[945,958,570,592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
a) in the
|
||
<number box="[1069,1083,570,591]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
n set. The
|
||
<number box="[1209,1236,570,591]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="30.0">30</number>
|
||
microchromosomes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are best interpreted as ten pairs from the diploid genome (
|
||
<number box="[964,978,628,649]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
n =
|
||
<number box="[1023,1053,628,650]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="20.0">20</number>
|
||
), and
|
||
<quantity box="[1123,1172,628,649]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</quantity>
|
||
from the haploid genome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[859,1530,130,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
The low levels of genetic distance between
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1354,1480,657,679]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1354,1480,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,980,686,708]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,980,686,708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1049,1163,686,708]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurenti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1049,1163,686,708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. laurenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1184,1271,686,709]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[820,868,1672,1691]" captionTargetBox="[820,1490,1817,2004]" captionText="Table 1. Percentage of uncorrected pairwise distances between partial sequences of the mitochondrial ND 1 gene of Liolaemus parthenos, new species, and the other species belonging to the L. grosseorum clade of the more inclusive L. boulengeri group. GenBank accession numbers appear in parentheses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF76BEC7FFCFFFC4B64AF940BE40F8BD" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" tableUuid="DF76BEC7FFCFFFC4B64AF940BE40F8BD">
|
||
Table
|
||
<number box="[1257,1271,687,708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schulte, J. A. & J. R. Macey & R. E. Espinoza & A. Larson" box="[1292,1524,686,709]" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="75 - 102" part="69" refString="Schulte, J. A., II, J. R. Macey, R. E. Espinoza, and A. Larson. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69: 75 - 102." title="Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Schulte et al.,
|
||
<number box="[1467,1524,687,708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2000.0">2000</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Morando, M." box="[859,1094,715,738]" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="842 - 861" part="58" refString="Morando, M., L. J. Avila, J. Baker, and J. W. Sites, Jr. 2004. Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae): evidence for introgression and incomplete lineage sorting. Evolution 58: 842 - 861." title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae): evidence for introgression and incomplete lineage sorting" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Morando et al.,
|
||
<number box="[1037,1094,716,737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2004.0">2004</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pincheira-Donoso, D." box="[1106,1435,715,738]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="25 - 42" part="1452" refString="Pincheira-Donoso, D., J. A. Scolaro, and J. A. Schulte, II. 2007. The limits of polymorphism in Liolaemus rothi: molecular and phenotypic evidence for a new species of the Liolaemus boulengeri clade (Iguanidae, Liolaemini) from boreal Patagonia of Chile. Zootaxa 1452: 25 - 42." title="The limits of polymorphism in Liolaemus rothi: molecular and phenotypic evidence for a new species of the Liolaemus boulengeri clade (Iguanidae, Liolaemini) from boreal Patagonia of Chile" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Pincheira-Donoso et al.,
|
||
<number box="[1379,1435,716,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) suggest that one or both of these two species, or one or more closely related undescribed or extinct taxa, are the maternal ancestor(s). This conclusion is further supported if we assume a hybrid origin and that the number and morphology of the chromosomes are the same as the inferred parental species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[964,1029,890,913]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="5.[103,130,1124,1144]" captionTargetBox="[103,1490,130,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[103,1490,130,1095]" captionText="Fig. 5. Macrochromosome idiograms for Liolaemus parthenos, new species, and its hypothetical parental species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269585/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1014,1029,890,913]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), which has the chromosomal complement
|
||
<number box="[859,873,921,942]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
n =
|
||
<number box="[924,990,921,942]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="33.0" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="32.0">32–34</number>
|
||
(
|
||
<number box="[1009,1035,921,942]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
M +
|
||
<quantity box="[1094,1186,921,942]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" unit="m" value="21.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="20.0">20–22m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Aiassa, D. & R. Martori & N. Gorla" box="[1201,1410,920,943]" journalOrPublisher="Cuadernos de Herpetologia" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="23 - 36" part="18" refString="Aiassa, D., R. Martori, and N. Gorla. 2005. Citogenetica de los lagartos del genero Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) de A merica del sur. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 18: 23 - 36." title="Citogenetica de los lagartos del genero Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) de A merica del sur" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Aiassa et al.,
|
||
<number box="[1352,1410,920,943]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2005.0">2005</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unfortunately, no cytogenetic data are currently available for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurenti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. laurenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although analyses based on mtDNA (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schulte, J. A. & J. R. Macey & R. E. Espinoza & A. Larson" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="75 - 102" part="69" refString="Schulte, J. A., II, J. R. Macey, R. E. Espinoza, and A. Larson. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69: 75 - 102." title="Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Schulte et al.,
|
||
<number box="[859,916,1008,1029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2000.0">2000</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Morando, M." box="[931,1173,1007,1030]" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="842 - 861" part="58" refString="Morando, M., L. J. Avila, J. Baker, and J. W. Sites, Jr. 2004. Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae): evidence for introgression and incomplete lineage sorting. Evolution 58: 842 - 861." title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae): evidence for introgression and incomplete lineage sorting" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Morando et al.,
|
||
<number box="[1116,1173,1008,1029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2004.0">2004</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pincheira-Donoso, D." box="[1187,1524,1007,1030]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="25 - 42" part="1452" refString="Pincheira-Donoso, D., J. A. Scolaro, and J. A. Schulte, II. 2007. The limits of polymorphism in Liolaemus rothi: molecular and phenotypic evidence for a new species of the Liolaemus boulengeri clade (Iguanidae, Liolaemini) from boreal Patagonia of Chile. Zootaxa 1452: 25 - 42." title="The limits of polymorphism in Liolaemus rothi: molecular and phenotypic evidence for a new species of the Liolaemus boulengeri clade (Iguanidae, Liolaemini) from boreal Patagonia of Chile" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Pincheira-Donoso et al.,
|
||
<number box="[1467,1524,1008,1029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study) have provided clues of the identity of the maternal ancestor of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1101,1230,1066,1088]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1101,1230,1066,1088]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, studies including nuclear gene sequences are needed to identify the paternal ancestor, which is likely
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1034,1178,1126,1147]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grosseorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1034,1178,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. grosseorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1220,1329,1124,1147]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurenti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1220,1329,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. laurenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on genetic and morphological similarity and geographic proximity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[859,1530,130,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
We detected structural heteromorphisms in the chromosomes of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[971,1102,1212,1234]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[971,1102,1212,1234]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which supports the hypothesis that this species is the product of a hybrid origin with two or three parental species, as is the case for most other triploid unisexual vertebrates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vrijenhoek, R. C. & R. M. Dawley & C. J. Cole & J. P. Bogart" box="[1112,1375,1300,1323]" editor="R. M. Dawley" journalOrPublisher="New York State Museum Bulletin" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="19 - 23" part="466" refString="Vrijenhoek, R. C., R. M. Dawley, C. J. Cole, and J. P. Bogart. 1989. A list of the known unisexual vertebrates, p. 19 - 23. In: Evolution and Ecology of Unisexual Vertebrates. R. M. Dawley and J. P. Bogart (eds.). New York State Museum Bulletin 466, New York." title="A list of the known unisexual vertebrates" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Evolution and Ecology of Unisexual Vertebrates" year="1989">
|
||
Vrijenhoek et al.,
|
||
<number box="[1318,1375,1300,1321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="1989.0">1989</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kraus, F." box="[1390,1524,1300,1323]" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Biology" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="956 - 959" part="9" refString="Kraus, F. 1995. The conservation of unisexual vertebrate populations. Conservation Biology 9: 956 - 959." title="The conservation of unisexual vertebrate populations" type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Kraus,
|
||
<number box="[1467,1524,1300,1323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="1995.0">1995</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt, B. R." box="[859,1028,1329,1352]" journalOrPublisher="Trends in Ecology & Evolution" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="253 - 254" part="11" refString="Schmidt, B. R. 1996. Sexual and asexual reproduction in vertebrates. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 11: 253 - 254." title="Sexual and asexual reproduction in vertebrates" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Schmidt,
|
||
<number box="[971,1028,1329,1352]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="1996.0">1996</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Avise, J. C." box="[1045,1179,1329,1352]" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, New York" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" refString="Avise, J. C. 2008. Clonality: The Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution of Sexual Abstinence in Vertebrate Animals. Oxford University Press, New York." title="Clonality: The Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution of Sexual Abstinence in Vertebrate Animals" type="book" year="2008">
|
||
Avise,
|
||
<number box="[1122,1179,1330,1351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2008.0">2008</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lamborot, M." box="[1196,1380,1329,1352]" editor="M. A. Vidal" journalOrPublisher="Science Verlag, Santiago, Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="161 - 193" refString="Lamborot, M. 2008. Evolucion cromosomica en reptiles, p. 161 - 193. In: Herpetologia de Chile. M. A. Vidal Maldonado and A. Labra Lillo (eds.). Science Verlag, Santiago, Chile." title="Evolucion cromosomica en reptiles" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Herpetologia de Chile" year="2008">
|
||
Lamborot,
|
||
<number box="[1323,1380,1330,1351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2008.0">2008</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Neaves, W. B. & P. Baumann" journalOrPublisher="Trends in Genetics" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="81 - 88" part="27" refString="Neaves, W. B., and P. Baumann. 2011. Unisexual reproduction in vertebrates. Trends in Genetics 27: 81 - 88." title="Unisexual reproduction in vertebrates" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Neaves and Baumann,
|
||
<number box="[981,1039,1359,1381]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2011.0">2011</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1222,1327,1358,1380]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1222,1327,1358,1380]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Liolaemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined to date have gonochoristic reproduction, and the
|
||
<number box="[1330,1357,1388,1409]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="79.0">79</number>
|
||
species studied cytogenetically have diploid karyotypes with
|
||
<number box="[1361,1428,1417,1438]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="36.0" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="28.0">28–44</number>
|
||
chromosomes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Aiassa, D. & R. Martori & N. Gorla" box="[941,1141,1446,1469]" journalOrPublisher="Cuadernos de Herpetologia" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="23 - 36" part="18" refString="Aiassa, D., R. Martori, and N. Gorla. 2005. Citogenetica de los lagartos del genero Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) de A merica del sur. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 18: 23 - 36." title="Citogenetica de los lagartos del genero Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) de A merica del sur" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Aiassa et al.,
|
||
<number box="[1084,1141,1446,1469]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2005.0">2005</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lamborot, M." box="[1152,1332,1446,1469]" editor="M. A. Vidal" journalOrPublisher="Science Verlag, Santiago, Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="161 - 193" refString="Lamborot, M. 2008. Evolucion cromosomica en reptiles, p. 161 - 193. In: Herpetologia de Chile. M. A. Vidal Maldonado and A. Labra Lillo (eds.). Science Verlag, Santiago, Chile." title="Evolucion cromosomica en reptiles" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Herpetologia de Chile" year="2008">
|
||
Lamborot,
|
||
<number box="[1274,1332,1447,1469]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2008.0">2008</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The variation in chromosome number among species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1339,1444,1475,1497]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1339,1444,1475,1497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Liolaemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
results from chromosomal fusions and fissions. Natural triploids have been reported in Chilean populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1361,1481,1534,1556]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1361,1481,1534,1556]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. chiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,1024,1563,1585]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gravenhorstii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,1024,1563,1585]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">L. gravenhorstii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, each of which has
|
||
<number box="[1269,1282,1563,1584]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
n =
|
||
<number box="[1336,1363,1563,1584]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="48.0">48</number>
|
||
chromosomes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lamborot, M. & M. Vasquez" box="[867,1202,1592,1615]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="617 - 620" part="32" refString="Lamborot, M., and M. Vasquez. 1998. A triploid lizard (Liolaemus gravenhorsti) [sic] from Chile. Journal of Herpetology 32: 617 - 620." title="A triploid lizard (Liolaemus gravenhorsti) [sic] from Chile" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Lamborot and Vásquez,
|
||
<number box="[1145,1202,1593,1614]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="1998.0">1998</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lamborot, M. & M. E. Manzur & E. Alvarez-Sarret" box="[1216,1465,1592,1615]" journalOrPublisher="Genome" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="445 - 453" part="49" refString="Lamborot, M., M. E. Manzur, and E. Alvarez-Sarret. 2006. Triploidy and mosaicism in Liolaemus chiliensis (Sauria: Tropiduridae). Genome 49: 445 - 453." title="Triploidy and mosaicism in Liolaemus chiliensis (Sauria: Tropiduridae)" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Lamborot et al.,
|
||
<number box="[1407,1465,1592,1615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2006.0">2006</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and although
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lamborot, M." box="[968,1155,1621,1644]" editor="M. A. Vidal" journalOrPublisher="Science Verlag, Santiago, Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="161 - 193" refString="Lamborot, M. 2008. Evolucion cromosomica en reptiles, p. 161 - 193. In: Herpetologia de Chile. M. A. Vidal Maldonado and A. Labra Lillo (eds.). Science Verlag, Santiago, Chile." title="Evolucion cromosomica en reptiles" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Herpetologia de Chile" year="2008">
|
||
Lamborot (
|
||
<number box="[1091,1147,1622,1644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="2008.0">2008</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suspected that some populations of these species might be or eventually evolve unisexuality, to date, no such populations have been reported.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[859,1530,130,2024]" lastBlockId="7.[103,773,131,908]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">
|
||
Early ecological studies of parthenogenetic whiptail lizards (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[868,991,1738,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Aspidoscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[868,991,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">Aspidoscelis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from southwestern North
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1322,1412,1738,1761]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="493">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
described their niches as ‘‘weed habitats,’’ which were considered intermediate to those occupied by their parental species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wright, J. W. & C. H. Lowe" box="[867,1135,1826,1849]" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="128 - 138" part="1968" refString="Wright, J. W., and C. H. Lowe. 1968. Weeds, polyploids, parthenogenesis, and geographical and ecological distribution of all-female species of Cnemidophorus. Copeia 1968: 128 - 138." title="Weeds, polyploids, parthenogenesis, and geographical and ecological distribution of all-female species of Cnemidophorus" type="journal article" year="1968">
|
||
Wright and Lowe,
|
||
<number box="[1077,1135,1826,1849]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="1968.0">1968</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The adaptive explanation for this shift in habitat was, although sympatric (at least initially), interspecific competition would be reduced by a lack of syntopy between the parthenogen and its ancestors.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Darevsky, I. S. & L. A. Kupriyanova & T. Uzzell" editor="C. Gans" journalOrPublisher="J. Wiley & Sons, New York" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" pagination="411 - 526" refString="Darevsky, I. S., L. A. Kupriyanova, and T. Uzzell. 1985. Parthenogenesis in reptiles, p. 411 - 526. In: Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 15. C. Gans and F. Billett (eds.). J. Wiley & Sons, New York." title="Parthenogenesis in reptiles" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 15" year="1985">
|
||
Darevsky et al. (
|
||
<number box="[966,1022,1943,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="493" value="1985.0">1985</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
extended this idea, asserting that the habitats occupied by parthenogenetic species should exceed that of their individual parental species because parthenogens possess the genotypes of two or more parental species. In the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[204,343,161,183]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[204,343,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there appears to be little habitat segregation between the new species and its potential parental species. For example,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[457,588,221,243]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[457,588,221,243]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs syntopically with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[226,343,251,273]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[226,343,251,273]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[406,550,252,273]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grosseorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[406,550,252,273]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">L. grosseorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In fact, most lowelevation members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[405,522,281,304]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[405,522,281,304]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">L. darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group have the same microhabitat preferences and several have overlapping distributions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cei, J. M." box="[266,382,342,365]" journalOrPublisher="Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino: Monografie" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" pagination="1 - 527" part="4" refString="Cei, J. M. 1986. Reptiles del Centro, Centro-oeste y Sur de la Argentina. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino: Monografie 4: 1 - 527." title="Reptiles del Centro, Centro-oeste y Sur de la Argentina" type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Cei,
|
||
<number box="[325,382,342,365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" value="1986.0">1986</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Etheridge, R." box="[402,586,342,365]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" pagination="137 - 199" part="11" refString="Etheridge, R. 1993. Lizards of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae) in northern Argentina. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 11: 137 - 199." title="Lizards of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae) in northern Argentina" type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Etheridge,
|
||
<number box="[529,586,342,363]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" value="1993.0">1993</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Abdala, C. S." box="[605,761,342,365]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" pagination="1 - 84" part="1538" refString="Abdala, C. S. 2007. Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 1538: 1 - 84." title="Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Abdala,
|
||
<number box="[703,761,342,364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[174,303,372,394]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parthenos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[174,303,372,394]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">L. parthenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may not conform to the expected niche segregation with its parental species because of historical contingency.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[103,773,131,908]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">
|
||
We provide strong evidence for the first unisexual species belonging to the large lizard clade Pleurodonta, extending the occurrence of this rare cytogenetic and reproductive anomaly among vertebrates generally, and for squamate reptiles specifically. Although the mechanism of unisexual reproduction in this species remains to be determined, all known unisexual reptiles species are apparently parthenogenetic (meiotically unreduced ova developed in the absence of sperm) with no records of gynogenesis (sperm-dependent unisexuality) or hybridogenesis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Beukeboom, L. W. & R. C. Vrijenhoek" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" pagination="755 - 782" part="11" refString="Beukeboom, L. W., and R. C. Vrijenhoek. 1998. Evolutionary genetics and ecology of sperm-dependent parthenogenesis. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 11: 755 - 782." title="Evolutionary genetics and ecology of sperm-dependent parthenogenesis" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Beukeboom and Vrijenhoek,
|
||
<number box="[103,161,765,787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494" value="1998.0">1998</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Examination of additional molecular markers, detailed field studies, high-resolution cytogenetic techniques, and studies of congeneric species will allow us to establish the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[103,151,856,877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="494">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of unisexuality, mechanistic origin, and evolutionary history of unisexuality in this unique lizard species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |