427 lines
43 KiB
XML
427 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="F00D5F9DF8D72539F6E8EA99A4700C62" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.179016" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2d2a1801-83f5-4a3a-bae3-6027e7453465" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="179016" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459932998521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Blakemore, Robert J., Csuzdi, Csaba, Ito, Masamichi T. & Kaneko, Nobuhiro" docDate="2007" docId="03FF4131275DFFD80C8CC28AFBD3FAB3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01613p044.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1613" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Metaphire paka Blakemore, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFC63949275FFFDC0C1BC21DFFC2FFD1" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic status and ecology of Oriental Pheretima darnleiensis (Fletcher, 1886) and other earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Mt Kinabalu, Borneo" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698229979268" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="B675F10888439C555B663C5618037A91" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CE6131FB0125F30D875A8218B68586AF">
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<mods:title id="D3FA1D411EAC98EE50D10DC347DF432D">Taxonomic status and ecology of Oriental Pheretima darnleiensis (Fletcher, 1886) and other earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Mt Kinabalu, Borneo</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="4C86DB2AA82FD3579A2F48873795F6CF" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="8A7F78D96F552E30FE74C378A9BFF503">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7AACBCDDB2EA5D1C55D26B05BD7EED5B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="282207E1B94ABA3B72829C7C0B78A91C">Blakemore, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8B49AC72652400FC91ADE7D263B21952" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5A3F89891CCE1BBBA180D9A8D20A46C6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="66C48EF62BA1BABA941AC7D84E43063A">Csuzdi, Csaba</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4CB6B1ECC3B56CA0E445BB5A56424220" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F6CA53BAE931B3CABB1B8ABD7FE31BA3">
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<mods:roleTerm id="21CD77B3502221B8FD160DF887A34B80">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="24A3D7EFF4F0D59E7892C88B170EC720">Ito, Masamichi T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9122B2B4F976BAFE63330A6F69DD6B47" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D426C63105B74566361947BA441D38C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2C1F9F3A1FD6B00C6E9E60396E8C8A0B">Kaneko, Nobuhiro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="774EB3CF5511AEC982A57E8AA155E400">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="101014CF104B33BC665AD3772EAF93B8">
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<mods:title id="EC4BE258D801CE835763D2AD659A4861">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B4BC12851F302847BDAE50BB6D456871">
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<mods:date id="EA47C8A00AD05E22AC7171954B2C1BE5">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="5321B7204BEE9C7D4A7078686BFAB5B5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7D0AFAEB1CD6633A9231600B088D692A">1613</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1D2F0D6DAA47B64C3AA12A59C07E0017">23</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="B19BD8508A6F17555D32C76C2716A181">44</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="B828AACE111BF5824D41C000BF793C9C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C25A2BF4F4178E481040B95EA617F34B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.179016</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E32A92B6A9287EC0A81C02A31FA2AF4A" type="GBIF-Dataset">2d2a1801-83f5-4a3a-bae3-6027e7453465</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8343EFF7FCC841FB3830CAFBE79BA197" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E774992067A2622ABB6A1DF39B7E6095" type="Zenodo-Dep">179016</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03FF4131275DFFD80C8CC28AFBD3FAB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6240502" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119375038" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6240502" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF4131275DFFD80C8CC28AFBD3FAB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF4131275DFFD80C8CC28AFBD3FAB3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="C34CA3AC275DFFDE0C8CC28AFF2DFF05" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0C8CC28AFD8AFF60" blockId="2.[151,584,151,212]" box="[151,584,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<heading id="D0A1474B275DFFDE0C8CC28AFD8AFF60" bold="true" box="[151,584,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0C8CC28AFD8AFF60" bold="true" box="[151,584,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275DFFDE0C8CC28AFE26FF60" authority="Blakemore" authorityName="Blakemore" box="[151,484,151,177]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paka" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0C8CC28AFE94FF60" bold="true" box="[151,342,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Metaphire paka</emphasis>
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Blakemore
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A211914E275DFFDE0DF7C28AFD8AFF60" box="[492,584,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0DF7C28AFD8AFF60" bold="true" box="[492,584,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0C8CC2A7FF2DFF05" blockId="2.[151,584,151,212]" box="[151,239,186,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">(Fig. 1)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34CA3AC275DFFDE0C8CC317FC19FE4D" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0C8CC317FC19FE4D" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0C8CC317FEDBFEF5" bold="true" box="[151,281,266,292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275DFFDE0D39C317FE59FEF2" box="[290,411,266,291]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0D39C317FE59FEF2" box="[290,411,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Metaphire</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a single pair of spermathecae in 8/9 ca. 0.25 circumference apart ventrally.
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<collectingCountry id="F341B0B7275DFFDE097BC317FA5EFEF5" box="[1376,1436,266,292]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Male</collectingCountry>
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pores on small penes on 18 ca. 0.25 circumference apart protuberant from small copulatory pouches. Genital markings as paired clusters of 1–9 disc-like papillae anteriorly on 9, 18–19 and sometimes 20 (sessile glands correspond internally). Holandric. Intestinal caeca simple in or near 27.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34CA3AC275DFFDE0CDCC3B7FB15FE15" box="[199,1239,426,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC3B7FB15FE15" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" box="[199,1239,426,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC3B7FEABFE15" bold="true" box="[199,361,426,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Distribution:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275DFFDE0D6AC3B7FE68FE15" box="[369,426,426,452]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paka">Paka</taxonomicName>
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Cave, Mt
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<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275DFFDE0E3EC3B7FD51FE15" box="[549,659,426,452]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kinabalu">Kinabalu</taxonomicName>
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, Sabah,
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<collectingCountry id="F341B0B7275DFFDE0EEDC3B7FCA7FE15" box="[758,869,426,452]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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;
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<quantity id="4CAE5DC2275DFFDE0F6BC3B7FC16FE15" box="[880,980,426,452]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.97" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="2.97">2,970 m</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6296E0275DFFDE0FC4C3B7FB88FE15" box="[991,1098,426,452]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="6.0833335">06°05' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6296E0275DFFDE084DC3B7FB11FE15" box="[1110,1235,426,452]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" precision="925" value="116.55">116° 33' E</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34CA3AC275DFFDE0CDCC3CFFCE1FD0D" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC3CFFCE1FD0D" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC3CFFD44FE3D" bold="true" box="[199,646,466,492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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Material examined:
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<typeStatus id="54ED4E85275DFFDE0DD3C3CFFDF8FE3D" box="[456,570,466,492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(H) –
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</emphasis>
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NSMT-An 366, weakly clitellate, mature specimen, dissected and figured by RJB, stored in 80% ethanol (EtOH) after fixation in dilute formalin at time of collection, from vicinity of
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<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275DFFDE0D02C03FFE90FDED" box="[281,338,546,572]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paka">Paka</taxonomicName>
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Cave collected by Tatsuya Kawaguchi,
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<date id="FFE8D6E7275DFFDE0F34C03FFC77FDED" box="[815,949,546,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" value="2005-07-13">13.vii.2005</date>
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(sample labelled: “
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<date id="FFE8D6E7275DFFDE0882C03FFB36FDED" box="[1177,1268,546,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" value="13-05-07">050713</date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275DFFDE08E7C03FFA8BFDED" box="[1276,1353,546,572]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paka">
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<collectionCode id="ED4768E2275DFFDE08E7C03FFA8BFDED" box="[1276,1353,546,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">PAKA</collectionCode>
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</taxonomicName>
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5-B”).
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<typeStatus id="54ED4E85275DFFDE0C8CC057FECBFDB5" box="[151,265,586,612]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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– NSMT-An 367-9, three specimens, one clitellate (P1, dissected), two aclitellate sub-adults (P2-3), all fixed in formalin and stored in 80% ethanol with same collection data as
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<typeStatus id="54ED4E85275DFFDE0817C06FFBBFFD5D" box="[1036,1149,626,652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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. An additional specimen “
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<date id="FFE8D6E7275DFFDE0CBAC087FF3EFD65" box="[161,252,666,692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" value="07-06-03">060307</date>
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R4-2” collected
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<date id="FFE8D6E7275DFFDE0DD9C087FD80FD65" box="[450,578,666,692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" value="2006-03-07">07.iii.2006</date>
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by T. Kawaguchi along with several other samples from lowlands to east of Mt
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<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275DFFDE0CFBC0DFFE8EFD0D" box="[224,332,706,732]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kinabalu">Kinabalu</taxonomicName>
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appears superfically similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275DFFDE0EA7C0DFFCDEFD0A" box="[700,796,706,731]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paka">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0EA7C0DFFCDEFD0A" box="[700,796,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">M. paka</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34CA3AC275DFFDE0CDCC0F7FBCAFCFD" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC0F7FB47FCD5" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" box="[199,1157,746,772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC0F7FE9AFCD5" bold="true" box="[199,344,746,772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Etymology:</emphasis>
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named after locality of its
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<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275DFFDE0E88C0F7FD0EFCD5" box="[659,716,746,772]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paka">Paka</taxonomicName>
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cave collection site and
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<typeStatus id="54ED4E85275DFFDE0FF6C0F7FBE2FCD5" box="[1005,1056,746,772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC10FFBCAFCFD" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" box="[199,1032,786,812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC10FFEF7FCFD" bold="true" box="[199,309,786,812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Lengths:</emphasis>
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range
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<quantity id="4CAE5DC2275DFFDE0D9EC10FFDC6FCFD" box="[389,516,786,812]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="52.0" valueMax="62.0" valueMin="42.0">42–62 mm</quantity>
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long, (H) 57, (P1) 62, (P2) 44, (P3)
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<quantity id="4CAE5DC2275DFFDE0FB5C10FFBC6FCFD" box="[942,1028,786,812]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34CA3AC275DFFD80CDCC127FCEEFE83" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC127FE59FC85" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" box="[199,411,826,852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC127FEDDFC85" bold="true" box="[199,287,826,852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Width:</emphasis>
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ca.
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<quantity id="4CAE5DC2275DFFDE0D4BC127FE55FC85" box="[336,407,826,852]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC17FFD80FC75" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC17FFE85FCAD" bold="true" box="[199,327,866,892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Segments:</emphasis>
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count range 74–120; (H) 104 with first segment poorly differentiated, (P1) 120, (P2) 74 – possibly a posterior regenerate, (P3) 76.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC1AFFF37FC25" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC1AFFEEAFC1D" bold="true" box="[199,296,946,972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Colour:</emphasis>
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faint brown pigment dorsally with darker mid-dorsal line after segment 11 or 12; clitellum pale (H, P1).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC61FFDEEFBCD" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" box="[199,556,1026,1052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC61FFEA8FBCD" bold="true" box="[199,362,1026,1052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Prostomium:</emphasis>
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open epilobous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC637FE33FB95" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" box="[199,497,1066,1092]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC637FE63FB95" bold="true" box="[199,417,1066,1092]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">First dorsal pore:</emphasis>
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11/12.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC64FFEE5FB6D" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC64FFED1FBBD" bold="true" box="[199,275,1106,1132]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Setae:</emphasis>
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||
range 32–46 per segment; no ventral and dorsal gaps nor crowding; 6 setae intervene between male pores (H, P1); [actual counts: (H) 44–46 on 7, ca. 32 on 20, ca. 40 posteriorly; (P1) 44 on 7, 32 on 20, ca. 40 posteriorly].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC6D7FD46FB35" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" box="[199,644,1226,1252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC6D7FEB0FB35" bold="true" box="[199,370,1226,1252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Nephropores:</emphasis>
|
||
diffuse, not detectable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC6EFFB43FADD" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" box="[199,1153,1266,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC6EFFE87FADD" bold="true" box="[199,325,1266,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Clitellum:</emphasis>
|
||
annular 14–16, weak and setae retained (H) or more pronounced (P1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC707FCE6FA8D" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC707FE99FAE5" bold="true" box="[199,347,1306,1332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F341B0B7275DFFDE0CDCC707FEC5FAE5" box="[199,263,1306,1332]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
pores:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
on 18 ca. 0.25 circumference (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAE5DC2275DFFDE0ED5C707FCD1FAE5" box="[718,787,1306,1332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) apart on small penes within small copulatory pouches [(H) 18rhs protruding] with 6 setae intervening (H, P1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC777FD60FA55" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" box="[199,674,1386,1412]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC777FEB4FA55" bold="true" box="[199,374,1386,1412]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Female pores:</emphasis>
|
||
single, midventral on 14.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC78FFE43FA05" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC78FFE0AFA7D" bold="true" box="[199,456,1426,1452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Spermathecal pores:</emphasis>
|
||
paired in 8/9 approximately 0.25 circumference apart; (P1) has apparent additional pore on 7/8rhs only.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC7FFFB68F94D" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC7FFFE6CFA2D" bold="true" box="[199,430,1506,1532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Genital markings:</emphasis>
|
||
paired clusters of one to nine small papillae below spermathecal pores in 9 and on either side of male pores anteriorly on 18 and 19 and sometimes a single papilla on either or both sides of 20; [actual counts: (H) 9lhs 5–6, 9rhs 7, 18lhs 5, 18rhs
|
||
<date id="FFE8D6E7275DFFDE0EF4C42FFC87F99D" box="[751,837,1586,1612]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" value="1919-06-05">5–6. 19</date>
|
||
lhs 5, 19rhs 5; (P1) 9lhs 3, 9rhs 1, 18lhs 6, 18rhs 7, 19lhs 4, 19rhs 3; (P2) 9lhs 2, 9rhs 4, 18lhs 4, 18rhs 4, 19lhs 5, 19rhs 5, 20lhs 1, 20rhs 1; (P3) 9lhs 6, 9rhs 4, 18lhs 8, 18rhs 8, 19lhs 4, 19rhs 5, 20lhs 1, 20rhs 0]. Sessile glands correspond internally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC4B7FC4EF915" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" box="[199,908,1706,1732]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC4B7FED4F915" bold="true" box="[199,278,1706,1732]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F341B0B7275DFFDE0CDCC4B7FED3F915" box="[199,273,1706,1732]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Septa</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
8/9 thin, 9/10 absent; 10/11 and subsequent also thin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC4CFFDD7F93D" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" box="[199,533,1746,1772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC4CFFE02F93D" bold="true" box="[199,448,1746,1772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Dorsal blood vessel:</emphasis>
|
||
single.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC4E7FE63F8C5" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" box="[199,417,1786,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC4E7FEE7F8C5" bold="true" box="[199,293,1786,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Hearts:</emphasis>
|
||
10,11–13.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC53FFC85F8ED" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" box="[199,839,1826,1852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC53FFEF7F8ED" bold="true" box="[199,309,1826,1852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Gizzard:</emphasis>
|
||
large between
|
||
<date id="FFE8D6E7275DFFDE0DFCC53FFD45F8ED" box="[487,647,1826,1852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" value="1911-09-08" valueMax="1911-10-08" valueMin="1911-09-08">8/9 and 10/11</date>
|
||
but mostly in 9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC557FDC2F8B5" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" box="[199,512,1866,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC557FE7AF8B5" bold="true" box="[199,440,1866,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Calciferous glands:</emphasis>
|
||
none.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275DFFDE0CDCC56FFE97F80D" blockId="2.[151,1436,266,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275DFFDE0CDCC56FFDBAF85D" bold="true" box="[199,632,1906,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Intestine origin (caeca, typhlosole)</emphasis>
|
||
: in 15; caeca simple with slight indentation from 26,27–23; simple lamellar typhlosole present, commencing from about 23. The gut contains yellow soil, woody organic debris and quartz grits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275CFFDF0D3BC4BAFCEDF8F7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1703,1830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275CFFDF0D3BC4BAFDE0F96E" box="[288,546,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275CFFDF0D3BC4BAFE0BF96F" box="[288,457,1703,1726]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paka" status="sp. nov.">Metaphire paka</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A211914E275CFFDF0DCBC4BAFDE0F96E" box="[464,546,1703,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275CFFDF0DCBC4BAFDE0F96E" bold="true" box="[464,546,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ED4E85275CFFDF0E32C4BAFD4EF96F" box="[553,652,1703,1726]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
showing a, ventral view; b, dorsal view of prostomium; c, a spermatheca (also enlarged) with internal glands; and d, prostate
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275CFFDF0ED9C4D7FCC6F930" box="[706,772,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
also with internal glands; e, lateral view of 18rhs penis; f, lateral view of an intestinal caecum also showing lamellar typhlosole; and g, dorsal view of the posterior segments. The weakly developed clitellum is shaded and scale bars are
|
||
<quantity id="4CAE5DC2275CFFDF0EEAC512FCE9F8F7" box="[753,811,1807,1830]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="1.0">1mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275CFFDF0CDCC54AFCF3F8A0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1879,2025]" box="[199,817,1879,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275CFFDF0CDCC54AFE92F8A0" bold="true" box="[199,336,1879,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Nephridia:</emphasis>
|
||
meroic, absent from spermathecal ducts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275CFFDF0CDCC562FF2FF810" blockId="3.[151,1436,1879,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275CFFDF0CDCC562FE16F848" bold="true" box="[199,468,1919,1945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Testes/sperm funnels:</emphasis>
|
||
holandric, testes in 10 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAE5DC2275CFFDF0F09C562FC8EF848" box="[786,844,1919,1945]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
|
||
testis sacs, seminal vesicles paired anteriorly in 11 and 12.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275CFFDF0CDCC5D2FC09F838" blockId="3.[151,1436,1879,2025]" box="[199,971,1999,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275CFFDF0CDCC5D2FEF0F838" bold="true" box="[199,306,1999,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Ovaries:</emphasis>
|
||
paired in 13 with funnels posteriorly; ovisacs not found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275BFFD80CDCC28AFCF9FF0B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80CDCC28AFE81FF60" bold="true" box="[199,323,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Prostates:</emphasis>
|
||
large racemose in 17–19,20; muscular ducts pass into small copulatory pouches concealed within base of each duct containing a small conical penis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275BFFD80CDCC2FAFCEEFE83" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80CDCC2FAFE40FED0" bold="true" box="[199,386,231,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Spermathecae:</emphasis>
|
||
paired in 9, saccular ampulla on shortish duct with small clavate diverticulum (iridescent); (P1) has an abnormal, adiverticular, spermatheca-like sac on 8lhs (as seen from dorsal dissection) corresponding to extra pore in 7/8rhs (as seen from ventrum).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34CA3AC275BFFD80CDCC342FBD3FAB3" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275BFFD80CDCC342FE06FB4B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80CDCC342FE82FEA8" bold="true" box="[199,320,351,377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The rudimentary, ancillary spermatheca in segment 8 of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ED4E85275BFFD80FC5C37DFB81FEAB" box="[990,1091,352,378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(P1) is considered an aberration. Nine previously known pheretimoid species have spermathecae only in 9 (Blakemore, unpublished), viz.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80C8CC3ADFDE9FE1B" authority="Gates, 1935" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,555,432,458]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antefixus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80C8CC3ADFEBDFE18" box="[151,383,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Amynthas antefixus</emphasis>
|
||
(Gates, 1935)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Szechuan,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80EE7C3ADFB56FE1B" authority="Michaelsen, 1916" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1916" box="[764,1172,432,458]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80EE7C3ADFC61FE18" box="[764,931,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Metaphire cai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC78DD6275BFFD80FAEC3ADFB4EFE1B" author="Michaelsen" box="[949,1164,432,458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1916) Oligochaeten aus dem Naturhistorichen Reichsmuseum zu Stockholm. Arkiv for Zoologi, 10 (1 - 2), 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1916">Michaelsen, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Java,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80933C3ADFDD8FE23" authority="Zhang et al., 2006" authorityName="Zhang et al." authorityYear="2006" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dinghumontis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80933C3ADFEF5FE20" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Amynthas dinghumontis</emphasis>
|
||
Zhang
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80D88C3C5FE0AFE20" box="[403,456,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80E4DC3C5FC2EFE23" authority="Zhang et al., 2006" authorityName="Zhang et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[598,1004,472,498]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="liaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80E4DC3C5FCCBFE20" box="[598,777,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Amynthas liaoi</emphasis>
|
||
Zhang
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80F7EC3C5FC58FE20" box="[869,922,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F341B0B7275BFFD80823C3C5FB43FE23" box="[1080,1153,472,498]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80895C3C5FEE4FDCB" authority="Ude, 1925" authorityName="Ude" authorityYear="1925" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="michaelseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80895C3C5FA5EFE20" box="[1166,1436,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Metaphire michaelseni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC78DD6275BFFD80C84C01DFEDCFDCB" author="Ude" box="[159,286,512,538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" refString="Ude, H. (1925) Regenwurmer von Borneo. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 61, 60 - 85." type="journal article" year="1925">Ude, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F341B0B7275BFFD80D6AC01DFE14FDCB" box="[369,470,512,538]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
Borneo,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80E5DC01DFB38FDCB" authority="Michaelsen, 1896: 224" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="224" authorityYear="1896" box="[582,1274,512,538]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="pataniensis" subSpecies="labuhensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80E5DC01DFC0CFDC8" box="[582,974,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Amynthas pataniensis labuhensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Michaelsen, 1896: 224)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F341B0B7275BFFD8095DC01DFF7DFD93" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80CD1C035FCEAFD93" authority="Rosa, 1891: 399" authorityName="Rosa" authorityPageNumber="399" authorityYear="1891" box="[202,808,552,578]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="racemosa" subGenus="Pheretima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80CD1C035FD8DFD90" box="[202,591,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Pheretima (Pheretima) racemosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Rosa, 1891: 399)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Java,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F341B0B7275BFFD80FAAC035FBE1FD93" box="[945,1059,552,578]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Kalimantan Borneo,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80954C035FDB6FDBB" authority="Michaelsen, 1896: 225" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="225" authorityYear="1896" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="supuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80954C035FE86FDB8" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Amynthas supuensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Michaelsen, 1896: 225)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F341B0B7275BFFD80ED8C04DFCFAFDBB" box="[707,824,592,618]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80F67C04DFAE3FDB8" authority="James et al." authorityName="James et al." box="[892,1313,592,618]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arayatensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80F67C04DFB44FDB8" box="[892,1158,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Pheretima arayatensis</emphasis>
|
||
James
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD808F8C04DFAE3FDB8" box="[1251,1313,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in James, Hong & Kim, 2004 from Luzon,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F341B0B7275BFFD80E05C065FD60FD43" box="[542,674,632,658]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(and, co-incidentally, several of these species are also montane). Of these,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80D17C0BDFE00FD68" box="[268,450,672,697]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="michaelseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80D17C0BDFE00FD68" box="[268,450,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">M. michaelseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is also sympatric on Borneo but has a single, dorsal spermatheca with paired diverticula, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80D4EC0D5FE35FD30" box="[341,503,712,737]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="racemosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80D4EC0D5FE35FD30" box="[341,503,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F341B0B7275BFFD80D4EC0D5FEBBFD30" box="[341,377,712,737]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Ph</collectingCountry>
|
||
. racemosa
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that has nephridia on its spermathecal ducts (thereby qualifying for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80902C0D5FA50FD30" box="[1305,1426,712,737]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80902C0D5FA50FD30" box="[1305,1426,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Pheretima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and multiloculate diverticula, perhaps come closest to the present species. Of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80878C0EDFB15FCD8" box="[1123,1239,752,777]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80878C0EDFB15FCD8" box="[1123,1239,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Amynthas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., apart from having superficial male pores, each has a different arrangement of genital markings (when present).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80938C105FF79FC88" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80938C105FF79FC88" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Metaphire cai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is especially similar with spermathecal pores in 8/9 (0.2 circumference apart) and penes within small copulatory pouches – thereby just qualifying for inclusion in the genus, as with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD8080FC175FBB6FC50" box="[1044,1140,872,897]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD8080FC175FBB6FC50" box="[1044,1140,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">M. paka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– but it differs in its lack of genital markings and in other minor respects.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80EC3C18DFBA8FC7B" authority="Michaelsen, 1916" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1916" box="[728,1130,912,938]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80EC3C18DFCBCFC78" box="[728,894,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Metaphire cai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC78DD6275BFFD80F95C18DFBA0FC7B" author="Michaelsen" box="[910,1122,912,938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1916) Oligochaeten aus dem Naturhistorichen Reichsmuseum zu Stockholm. Arkiv for Zoologi, 10 (1 - 2), 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1916">Michaelsen, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally a sub-species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80CF5C1A5FD9BFC03" authority="Horst, 1893" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1893" box="[238,601,952,978]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Perichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="inflata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80CF5C1A5FE01FC00" box="[238,451,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Perichaeta inflata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC78DD6275BFFD80DD6C1A5FD9BFC03" author="Horst" box="[461,601,952,978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" refString="Horst, R. (1893) Descriptions of earthworms. No. 7. On the Malayan earthworms. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 15, 316 - 329." type="journal article" year="1893">Horst, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is now a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80FFCC1A5FA5AFC03" authority="Kinberg, 1867" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1867" box="[999,1432,952,978]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="javanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80FFCC1A5FB0CFC00" box="[999,1230,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Metaphire javanica</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinberg, 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hence its present elevation to species level.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80E87C1FDFD2AFC28" box="[668,744,992,1017]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80E87C1FDFD2AFC28" box="[668,744,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">M. cai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was from Mt Pangerango, Java (in jungle at
|
||
<quantity id="4CAE5DC2275BFFD808E4C1FDFAA3FC2B" box="[1279,1377,992,1018]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1.0">1,000 m</quantity>
|
||
) and named after the collector, identified only as “
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80EA3C615FCB7FBF0" box="[696,885,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
C.A.
|
||
<date id="FFE8D6E7275BFFD80EEDC615FCB7FBF0" box="[758,885,1032,1057]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" value="1899-04">April 1899</date>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
” (from whence the species name derives); its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ED4E85275BFFD80C8CC62DFF17FB9B" box="[151,213,1072,1098]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">types</typeStatus>
|
||
are listed in Museums of Stockholm (NHRWS 153) and Hamburg (ZNUH 8503). From this and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80C8CC645FED2FBA0" box="[151,272,1112,1137]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80C8CC645FED2FBA0" box="[151,272,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Metaphire</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80D61C645FDF1FBA0" box="[378,563,1112,1137]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80D61C645FDF1FBA0" box="[378,563,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Metaphire paka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears distinct in its paired spermathecae in 9 combined with its arrangement of genital markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F027275BFFD80CDCC6B5FBD3FAB3" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Because the primary male pores are on small penes, they are classed as ‘non-superficial’ [i.e. not “
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD8096BC6B5FDBFFB38" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">discharging directly onto the surface of xviii</emphasis>
|
||
[18]” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC78DD6275BFFD80EC9C6CDFBC8FB3B" author="Sims" box="[722,1034,1232,1258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" refString="Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268." type="journal article" year="1972">Sims & Easton, 1972: 211</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as required for inclusion in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80945C6CDFF14FAC0" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80945C6CDFF14FAC0" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Amynthas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] and therefore this species is attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568BA4275BFFD80ED6C6E5FC84FAC0" box="[717,838,1272,1297]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222C35275BFFD80ED6C6E5FC84FAC0" box="[717,838,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Metaphire</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, retraction of the penes (presumably the normal case in life) may result in the male pores being mistaken as ‘superficial’, thus dissection (or suction by syringe) are required for confirmation of this, as for other, marginal species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |