178 lines
18 KiB
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178 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.270.2910" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e343d04f-4b5a-41af-9512-3aa43e95e215" ID-PMC="PMC3652468" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-270-37" ID-PubMed="23717184" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-270-37" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 270" ModsDocTitle="Corroborating molecular species discovery: Four new pine-feeding species of Chionaspis (Hemiptera, Diaspididae)" checkinTime="1451247662136" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vea, Isabelle M., Gwiazdowski, Rodger A. & Normark, Benjamin B." docDate="2013" docId="CB34E41F8FCD51C81AE283D1CDAB4BE5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 270: 37-58" docOrigin="ZooKeys 270" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.270.2910" docTitle="Chionaspis caudata Vea, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="BA418E6B9B2AFF80FD0DDD372326FFC7" masterDocTitle="Corroborating molecular species discovery: Four new pine-feeding species of Chionaspis (Hemiptera, Diaspididae)" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1668155375151" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Corroborating molecular species discovery: Four new pine-feeding species of Chionaspis (Hemiptera, Diaspididae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vea, Isabelle M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gwiazdowski, Rodger A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Normark, Benjamin B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>270</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>37</mods:start>
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<mods:end>58</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.270.2910</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.270.2910</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-270-37</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152040800" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB34E41F8FCD51C81AE283D1CDAB4BE5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB34E41F8FCD51C81AE283D1CDAB4BE5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CEE3C93A-372F-40B2-A1E1-B778BC1500F4" authority="Vea" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionaspis caudata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">Chionaspis caudata Vea</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="42">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figure 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="morphogroup">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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Morphogroup C in
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<bibRefCitation author="Gwiazdowski, RA" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" pagination="47 - 62" title="Discovery of cryptic species among North American pine-feeding Chionaspis scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)." url=" 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01716.x" volume="47" year="2011">Gwiazdowski et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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Type locality: Mexico, Oaxaca state, Oaxaca,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="16.199833">16°11.99'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-96.52533">96°31.52'W</geoCoordinate>
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, on needle of
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus patulata subsp. longipedunculata" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="patulata" subSpecies="longipedunculata">Pinus patulata longipedunculata</taxonomicName>
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(Loock ex
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
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), 28 August 2007, R. Gwiazdowski and M. Dahlberg coll.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="type specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="43" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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specimens:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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Holotypeadult female, slide-mount in balsam. Original label "D1703D Mexico: Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Hwy 175, 28.viii. 2007,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="16.19972">16°11'59"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-96.52525">96°31'30.9"W</geoCoordinate>
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, R. Gwiazdowski, M. Dahlberg,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus patulata subsp. longipedunculata" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="patulata" subSpecies="longipedunculata">Pinus patulata longipedunculata</taxonomicName>
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", deposited at CNIN.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Paratypes: adult female, slide-mount in balsam, D1703A, same information as the holotype, deposited at USNM. Adult female, slide mount in balsam, D1703G, same collection data as the holotype, deposited at USNM. Adult females on separate slides, D1703F, H, I, J, K and L, same information as D1703D, deposited UNAM for all but D1703F, deposited at CNIN.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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Other material examined: Adult female, slide mount in balsam. Original label "D1702A, Mexico: Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Hwy 175, 28.iii.2007,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.17536">16°10'31.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-96.50672">96°30'24.2"W</geoCoordinate>
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, R. Gwiazdowski and M. Dahlberg,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus pseudostrobus subsp. oaxacana" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pseudostrobus" subSpecies="oaxacana">Pinus pseudostrobus oaxacana</taxonomicName>
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", deposited at UMAM. Adult female, slide mount in balsam. Original label "D2275C, Mexico, Xalapa, HWY 131, ~2.6 km N of Atzalan, 15.i.2009,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus chiapensis" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chiapensis">Pinus chiapensis</taxonomicName>
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"; adult female, slide mount in balsam. Orginal label "D2292C, Mexico, Guerrero, ~30 km, North E of Atoyac de Alvarez along road perpendicular to HWY 200, 20.i.2009,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus chiapensis" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chiapensis">Pinus chiapensis</taxonomicName>
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"; adult female, slide mount in balsam, D2292D, same collection data as D2292C; adult female, slide mount in balsam. Original label "D2296B. Mexico, Chiapas, ~13.5 km North of Chamula, 24.i.2009,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus chiapensis" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chiapensis">Pinus chiapensis</taxonomicName>
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"; adult female, slide mount in balsam, D2296C, same collection data as D2296B; all additional material deposited at UMAM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionaspis caudata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">Chionaspis caudata</taxonomicName>
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Vea differs from other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionaspis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chionaspis</taxonomicName>
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with the following combination of characters (Table 1): median lobes (L1) unyoked, parallel-sided, with a single gland spine between them, subtended by a microduct; submedian microducts absent on abdominal segment 7; gland spine absent on abdominal segment 5; head square-shaped, body with an extended thorax relative to other pine-feeding
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionaspis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chionaspis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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Field characters: All pine-feeding
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionaspis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chionaspis</taxonomicName>
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reported here, including
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionaspis heterophyllae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heterophyllae">Chionaspis heterophyllae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionaspis pinifoliae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinifoliae">Chionaspis pinifoliae</taxonomicName>
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are indistinguishable by eye in the field. See the description above for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionaspis brachycephalon" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycephalon">Chionaspis brachycephalon</taxonomicName>
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Vea.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Slide-mounted adult female (Figure 2), spindle-shaped and elongate, slightly lobed to parallel-sided laterally; length of holotype 1.75 mm, range (n= 11) 1.38 - 2.03mm; maximum width of holotype: 0.61 mm; range (n=11) 0.48 - 0.7mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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Pygidium:Lobes. Posterior margin with 3 pairs of lobes (L1, L2 and L3), fourth pair (L4) appears as series of low, sclerotized points; paraphyses absent. L1 separated by a space 0.6 - 1 (0.73) times width of lobes, without a yoke, lobes completely separated, lateral margins parallel-sided, entire, rarely notched; L2 bilobed, smaller than L1, lobules subequal, inner lobule slightly notched, outer lobule entire; L3 bilobed, medial lobule similar to L2, lateral lobule recessed and serrated. Gland spines. Gland spine formula varying from 1-1-1 to 3-3-2 (2-2-1) (microduct formula varying from 1-1-1 to 3-3-1 (2-2-1)), with always 1 gland spine between L1, subtended by 1 microduct; gland spine on segment 5 always absent. Gland spine microduct slender
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="44" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
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a relatively developed collar at apex. Ducts. Large macroducts in submedian area of segments 5 and 6 (with 4 - 6 (6) on segment 5 and 3 - 4 (3) on segment 6); in submarginal areas of segment 5 (with 4 - 8 (7) macroducts); marginal area of segments 5 to 7 (with 1 on segment 7, 2 - 3 (2) on segment 6, 2 - 3 (2) on segment 5); absent on segment 8. Largest macroduct on segment 7 (between L1 and L2) 15 - 22.5 (20)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long. Pygidial microducts always on venter in submarginal areas of segment 5 and 6, with 1 - 2 (2) duct on segment 5 and 2-3 (2) ducts on segment 6, always absent from segment 7; pygidial microducts absent from dorsum. Pores. Perivulvar pores with 5 loculi, in 5 groups, 1 median group with 10 - 15 (13) pores, 2 anterolateral groups with 23 - 27 (25) pores, 2 posterolateral groups with 18 - 27 (24) pores. Anal opening. Diameter 15 - 22.5 (17.5)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, located 6.7 - 11.7 (9.9) times length of anal opening from base of median lobes. Setae. Dorsal setae: 2 setose on L1, 1 spinose between lobules of L2 and L3. Ventral setae: 1 small on L1, 1 marginal at base of each gland spine cluster and 1 submarginal area of each segment, 2 on submedian aerea of segment 6, half as long as dorsal setae; 2 pairs of setae in a row anterior to the vulva.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Prepygidium:Gland spines. Near each body margin from segment 1 or 2 to 4, with 0 - 4 on segment 1, 0 - 5 (4) on segment 2, 1 - 7 (4) on segment 3 and 1 - 2 (1) gland spines on segment 4, which are short and protrude from the margin. Gland spines from segment 1 to 3 are the smallest, and never protrude from the margin. Ducts. Macroducts of 2 sizes; largest macroducts in submedian areas of abdominal segments 4 and 3. Small macroducts in submedian area of segments 3 and 4, and in submarginal areas of segments 1 to 4. Prepygidial microducts present on venter from segment 1 to segment 3, in marginal or submarginal areas from head to segments 2 to 3. Prepygidial microducts on dorsum on segments 1 to 4, often in conspicuous clusters submedially.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
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Cephalothorax: Small macroducts present on last thoracic segment, marginally and submarginally. Microducts present on both surfaces, evenly distributed. Perispiracular pores primarily with 3 loculi, anterior spiracles with 6 - 8 (7) pores, posterior spiracles with 2 - 3 (2) pores. Eyes represented by small sclerotized area, located on body margin at level near anterior clypeolabral shield. Antennae each with 1 long seta. Distance between antennae 122.5 - 375 (135)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="44" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionaspis caudata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">Chionaspis caudata</taxonomicName>
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Vea possesses an unusual median gland spine between the median lobes. The epithet caudata is a Latin adjective meaning tailed (caudate), derived from cauda, tail, and referring to this peculiar feature.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="44" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionaspis caudata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">Chionaspis caudata</taxonomicName>
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Vea differs from the other species by the rather square-shaped head and noticeably longer body, the presence of a single gland spine subtended by one microduct between the median lobes, and the gland spine formula. The presence of the median gland spine is striking as this feature prevents this species from keying to the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionaspis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chionaspis</taxonomicName>
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(or indeed any related genus) in available keys to genera; however, the phylogenetic analyses of
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<bibRefCitation author="Gwiazdowski, RA" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" pagination="47 - 62" title="Discovery of cryptic species among North American pine-feeding Chionaspis scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)." url=" 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01716.x" volume="47" year="2011">Gwiazdowski et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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unambiguously place
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionaspis caudata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">Chionaspis caudata</taxonomicName>
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Vea within
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionaspis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chionaspis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Chionaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chionaspis caudata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">Chionaspis caudata</taxonomicName>
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Vea sp. n., adult female.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |