655 lines
83 KiB
XML
655 lines
83 KiB
XML
<document id="9E209957391579ADE4D55EC0388FC477" ID-CLB-Dataset="8279" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0189bddc-fc52-4ee3-a359-1e1a9981ad3e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4412502" ID-ZooBank="02C62B66-2745-475F-858B-30639C0806F8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609689617867" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zheng, Yuchen & Liu, Xingyue" docDate="2020" docId="B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4858.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4858 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bullanga florida" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="401" masterDocId="4804FF86BF754658E84AF2782A2AB872" masterDocTitle="First description of immature stages of the antlion Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Dendroleontini)" masterLastPageNumber="404" masterPageNumber="394" pageNumber="395" updateTime="1698851589497" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FF6C1240841ECB0BF74ED0C53A45300A">First description of immature stages of the antlion Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Dendroleontini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="43A1DF534477CA7A31185FBA805C2B35">Zheng, Yuchen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FBA0641D60B61099D80664B536EC056A" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2397-2008</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="175530B9F7428F69B2BADA4AF2A437BA">Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. & s 20193192649 @ cau. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2397 - 2008</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CEDFB7DDEC393D78564FFD0412DC6F89">Liu, Xingyue</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4D9396570A175953C5D6EF0B6493AA8C">Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412466" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177319572" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4412466" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="401" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">
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<subSubSection id="748E6563BF744659E8DDF4E5283BBEC5" box="[151,529,1693,1720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF744659E8DDF4E5283BBEC5" blockId="1.[151,529,1693,1756]" box="[151,529,1693,1720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">
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<heading id="67638184BF744659E8DDF4E5283BBEC5" bold="true" box="[151,529,1693,1720]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF744659E8DDF4E5283BBEC5" ID-CoL="NTZM" authority="(Navas, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,529,1693,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Bullanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
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<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF744659E8DDF4E5283BBEC5" bold="true" box="[151,529,1693,1720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">
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<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF744659E8DDF4E52B4ABECA" bold="true" box="[151,352,1693,1720]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">Bullanga florida</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="58054B19BF744659E93AF4E52823BEC5" author="Navas, L." box="[368,521,1693,1720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" pagination="9 - 15" refId="ref5466" refString="Navas, L. (1913) Bemerkungen uber die Neuropteren der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in Munchen. V. Mitteilungen der Munchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 4, 9 - 15." type="journal article" year="1913">Navás, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="748E6563BF744659E8DDF4BA2B33BEAE" box="[151,281,1730,1756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF744659E8DDF4BA2B33BEAE" blockId="1.[151,529,1693,1756]" box="[151,281,1730,1756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A4AF2A6DBF744659E8D5F4BA2B3ABEAE" box="[159,272,1730,1756]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–3" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4–8" captionStart-2="FIGURES 9–12" captionStart-3="FIGURES 13–17" captionStart-4="FIGURES 18" captionStart-5="FIGURES 19–20" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1897,1921]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,264,1899,1923]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,264,1168,1192]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,264,1969,1993]" captionStartId-5="8.[151,264,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox-0="[230,1360,260,1838]" captionTargetBox-1="[222,1372,195,1863]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,993,1876]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,1289,1946]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1424,193,1864]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@3.[210,1376,199,1923]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@4.[203,1384,181,1873]" captionTargetId-2="figure-427@5.[151,1436,993,1876]" captionTargetId-3="figure-17@6.[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetId-4="figure-71@6.[151,1436,1289,1946]" captionTargetId-5="figure-17@8.[151,1436,181,1864]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–3. Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913), 3rdinstar larva, habitus photos. 1. dorsal view; 2. ventral view; 3. lateral view. Scale bar: 2.0 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 4–8. Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913), 3rd instar larva. 4. head, dorsal view; 5. head, ventral view; 6. thorax, dorsal view; 7. abdominal segments VII–IX, dorsal view; 8. abdominal segments VII–XI, ventral view. 1t: first tooth; 2t: second tooth; 3t: third tooth; Ims: interdental mandibular setae; D: dolichaster; Ms: mesothoracic spiracles; Ph: plumose hair; Msp: mesothoracic setiferous processes; Wdds: weakly developed digging setae; VIII-As: VIII abdominal spiracles. Scale bar: 2.0 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 9–12. Biological photos of Bullanga florida in immature stages. 9. 3rd instar larva in habitat I; 10. 3rd instar larva feeding on woodlice (Porcellio sp.) in artificial feeding habitat; 11. cocoon; 12. pupa." captionText-3="FIGURES 13–17. Habitats of Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913). 13. habitat I; 14. habitat II; 15. habitat III; 16. corpses of larva leftover in habitat III; 17. habitat IV. Red arrows indicate the positions where the larvae were collected; blue arrow indicates the position where the corpses were found in habitat III." captionText-4="FIGURES 18. Bullanga florida, live adult." captionText-5="FIGURES 19–20. Adult habitus photos. 19. Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913); 20. Dendroleon esbenpeterseni Miller & Stange, 1999." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412504" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412508" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412510" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412512" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412516" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412518" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4412504/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4412508/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4412510/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4412512/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4412516/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4412518/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">Figs 1–19</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="748E6563BF744659E8DDF57E29B6BF6C" box="[151,924,1798,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF744659E8DDF57E29B6BF6C" blockId="1.[151,924,1798,1823]" box="[151,924,1798,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1C8411C6BF744659E8DDF57E29B6BF6C" box="[151,924,1798,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">
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<treatmentCitation id="BD3510F9BF744659E8DDF57E2BD8BF6C" author="Navas, L." box="[151,498,1798,1822]" page="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" year="1913">
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<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF744659E8DDF57E2BD8BF6C" ID-CoL="3G9BR" authority="Navas 1913: 11" authorityName="Navas" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,498,1798,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Glenurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridus">
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<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF744659E8DDF57E2B61BF6C" box="[151,331,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">Glenurus floridus</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="8CFC3CB5BF744659E91BF57E2BD8BF6C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3034035303" box="[337,498,1798,1822]" country="China" location="Ningbo" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zhejiang">
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<bibRefCitation id="58054B19BF744659E91BF57E2BD8BF6C" author="Navas, L." box="[337,498,1798,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" pagination="9 - 15" refId="ref5466" refString="Navas, L. (1913) Bemerkungen uber die Neuropteren der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in Munchen. V. Mitteilungen der Munchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 4, 9 - 15." type="journal article" year="1913">Navás 1913: 11</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="E32F884ABF744659E9B1F57F2807BF6D" box="[507,557,1799,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry id="44837678BF744659EAC7F57E28E0BF6C" box="[653,714,1798,1822]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="FE50F80ABF744659EA9DF57E291DBF6C" box="[727,823,1798,1822]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
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:
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<location id="394B6033BF744659EB0AF57E29BBBF6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF744659EB0AF57E29BBBF6C" box="[832,913,1798,1822]" country="China" name="Ningbo" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" stateProvince="Zhejiang">Ningbo</location>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="748E6563BF74465AE8DDF5342BCFBDF5" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF744659E8DDF534282FBFA0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1868,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">
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<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF744659E8DDF5342BDEBF15" bold="true" box="[151,500,1868,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">Diagnosis of 3rd instar larva.</emphasis>
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Medium-sized antlion larva (
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<tableCitation id="71160353BF744659EB0AF53429BEBF15" box="[832,916,1868,1895]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of 3rd instar larvae of Bullanga florida (27 specimens) and Dendroleon pantherinus (Fabricius, 1787) (data obtained from the measurements of two specimens inAcevedo et al. 2014). The size range (min–max) of sclerotized body parts is presented in parenthesis. Abbreviations: BL, body length (excluding mandibles); HL, head length; HW, head width; ML, mandible length; HW/HL, head capsule width/length; ML/HL, mandible length/head capsule length." pageId="1" pageNumber="395">Table 1</tableCitation>
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). Head mostly dark brown. Generally yellowish brown; some dark brownish markings and numerous dark brownish spots present on thorax and abdomen. Setae disposed on body mainly black. Plumose hairs relatively long and extremely slender (
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<figureCitation id="A4AF2A6DBF744659EC3DF5EC2E94BFDD" box="[1143,1214,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–8" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[222,1372,195,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[203,1384,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–8. Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913), 3rd instar larva. 4. head, dorsal view; 5. head, ventral view; 6. thorax, dorsal view; 7. abdominal segments VII–IX, dorsal view; 8. abdominal segments VII–XI, ventral view. 1t: first tooth; 2t: second tooth; 3t: third tooth; Ims: interdental mandibular setae; D: dolichaster; Ms: mesothoracic spiracles; Ph: plumose hair; Msp: mesothoracic setiferous processes; Wdds: weakly developed digging setae; VIII-As: VIII abdominal spiracles. Scale bar: 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412508/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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), present on lateral portions of thorax and abdomen.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="68EB6660BF77465AE8DDF2EF2B39B94D" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
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<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF77465AE8DDF2EF2B39B94D" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
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<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AE8DDF2EF2B23B8DD" bold="true" box="[151,265,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
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Measurements (mm) of 3rd instar larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF77465AEA96F2EF29A7B8DD" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[732,909,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Bullanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
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<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AEA96F2EF29A7B8DD" box="[732,909,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Bullanga florida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(27 specimens) and
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<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF77465AEC2CF2EF2B00B8A6" authority="(Fabricius, 1787)" authorityName="Badano & Pantaleoni" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
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<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AEC2CF2EF2F43B8DD" box="[1126,1385,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Dendroleon pantherinus</emphasis>
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(Fabricius, 1787)
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</taxonomicName>
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(data obtained from the measurements of two specimens in
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<bibRefCitation id="58054B19BF77465AEBD5F2C32E5DB8A6" author="Acevedo, F. & Badano, D. & Monserrat, V. J." box="[927,1143,187,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" pagination="364 - 370" refId="ref4864" refString="Acevedo, F., Badano, D. & Monserrat, V. J. (2014) The larva of Tricholeon relictus Holzel & Monserrat, 2002 a synanthropic antlion (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Zootaxa, 3835 (3), 364 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3835.3.5" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Acevedo
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<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AEC4EF2C42E1BB8A1" box="[1028,1073,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2014
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The size range (min–max) of sclerotized body parts is presented in parenthesis. Abbreviations: BL, body length (excluding mandibles); HL, head length; HW, head width; ML, mandible length; HW/HL, head capsule width/length; ML/HL, mandible length/head capsule length.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF77465AE9C2F3292F49B9CB" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
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<table id="4E94C448BF77B9A7E8ECF3282F5FB9CB" box="[166,1397,336,441]" gridcols="7" gridrows="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
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<tr id="82A434AABF77B9A7E8ECF3282F5FB91A" box="[166,1397,336,360]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" rowspan-0="1">
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<th id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7E936F3282B9FB91A" box="[380,437,336,360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">BL</th>
|
||
<th id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7E9A3F32828B8B91A" box="[489,658,336,360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">HL</th>
|
||
<th id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7EAF5F3282942B91A" box="[703,872,336,360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">HW</th>
|
||
<th id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7EBD7F3282E6CB91A" box="[925,1094,336,360]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">ML</th>
|
||
<th id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7ECCEF3282EF1B91A" box="[1156,1243,336,360]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">HW/ML</th>
|
||
<th id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7ED6CF3282F5FB91A" box="[1318,1397,336,360]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">ML/HL</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="82A434AABF77B9A7E8ECF3002F5FB9E2" box="[166,1397,376,400]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<th id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7E8ECF3002B14B9E2" box="[166,318,376,400]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF77465AE8ECF3012B2DB9E2" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[166,263,376,400]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Bullanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AE8ECF3012B2DB9E2" box="[166,263,376,400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">B. florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7E936F3002B9FB9E2" box="[380,437,376,400]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">10.79</td>
|
||
<td id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7E9A3F30028B8B9E2" box="[489,658,376,400]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">2.04 (1.75–2.25)</td>
|
||
<td id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7EAF5F3002942B9E2" box="[703,872,376,400]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">1.94 (1.57–2.33)</td>
|
||
<td id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7EBD7F3002E6CB9E2" box="[925,1094,376,400]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">2.21 (1.86–2.55)</td>
|
||
<td id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7ECCEF3002EF1B9E2" box="[1156,1243,376,400]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">0.88</td>
|
||
<td id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7ED6CF3002F5FB9E2" box="[1318,1397,376,400]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">1.08</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="82A434AABF77B9A7E8ECF3D92F5FB9CB" box="[166,1397,417,441]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<th id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7E8ECF3D92B14B9CB" box="[166,318,417,441]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF77465AE8ECF3D92B14B9CB" authorityName="Badano & Pantaleoni" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[166,318,417,441]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AE8ECF3D92B14B9CB" box="[166,318,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">D. pantherinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7E936F3D92B9FB9CB" box="[380,437,417,441]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">11.00</td>
|
||
<td id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7E9A3F3D928B8B9CB" box="[489,658,417,441]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">2.41 (2.32–2.49)</td>
|
||
<td id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7EAF5F3D92942B9CB" box="[703,872,417,441]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">1.96 (1.9–2.01)</td>
|
||
<td id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7EBD7F3D92E6CB9CB" box="[925,1094,417,441]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">1.9 (1.79–2.01)</td>
|
||
<td id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7ECCEF3D92EF1B9CB" box="[1156,1243,417,441]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">0.82</td>
|
||
<td id="C1755DD6BF77B9A7ED6CF3D92F5FB9CB" box="[1318,1397,417,441]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">0.79</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF77465AE88DF39028EFBBFC" blockId="2.[151,1437,488,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AE88DF3902B2EBA70" box="[199,260,488,514]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Subrectangular in dorsal view, longer than wide. Clypeo-labrum dark brown in dorsal view; anterior margin slightly concaved and covered with a row of dolichasters. Head capsule mostly dark brown, anterior and posterior parts slightly darker in dorsal view; dolichasters short and sparse on dorsal part; lateral setae relatively long and dense; ventral part of head capsule with a few brownish markings, which are completely lost in some individuals. Antennae long and thin, composed of at least 18 flagellomeres. Ocular tubercles black and small, relatively prominent. Mandibles mostly orange, but dark brown on basal and distal portions; mandibles upturned but relatively straight, similar in length to head capsule, equipped with three pairs of comparatively large teeth, which is orange but gradually darkened distad; second tooth longer than first tooth, third tooth slightly longer than second tooth; 2–4 dolichasters present on basal part of mandibles; three relatively long interdental mandibular setae present anterior to above dolichasters and posterior to first tooth; two interdental mandibular setae between first and second teeth; 1–2 interdental mandibular setae between second and third teeth; external margin of mandible with a group of stout setae at base. Labial palps dark brown, elongated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF77465AE88DF1E02817BC15" blockId="2.[151,1437,488,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AE88DF1E02B32BBC0" box="[199,280,920,946]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum covered with sparse short conical setae dorsally, lateral margin with relatively long stout setae and slender setae; a pair of dark brownish markings present at middle of pronotum, anteromedially diffuse. Mesothorax with spiracles present on stout dark brownish sclerotized tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4AF2A6DBF77465AEC5BF1982E7CBB89" box="[1041,1110,992,1019]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–8" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[222,1372,195,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[203,1384,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–8. Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913), 3rd instar larva. 4. head, dorsal view; 5. head, ventral view; 6. thorax, dorsal view; 7. abdominal segments VII–IX, dorsal view; 8. abdominal segments VII–XI, ventral view. 1t: first tooth; 2t: second tooth; 3t: third tooth; Ims: interdental mandibular setae; D: dolichaster; Ms: mesothoracic spiracles; Ph: plumose hair; Msp: mesothoracic setiferous processes; Wdds: weakly developed digging setae; VIII-As: VIII abdominal spiracles. Scale bar: 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412508/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); mesonotum with a tubercle at middle, bearing a tuft of long hair-like black setae, and with prominent setiferous processes, anterior one longer, relatively inflated distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4AF2A6DBF77465AE98FF6502823BC31" box="[453,521,1064,1091]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–8" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[222,1372,195,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[203,1384,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–8. Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913), 3rd instar larva. 4. head, dorsal view; 5. head, ventral view; 6. thorax, dorsal view; 7. abdominal segments VII–IX, dorsal view; 8. abdominal segments VII–XI, ventral view. 1t: first tooth; 2t: second tooth; 3t: third tooth; Ims: interdental mandibular setae; D: dolichaster; Ms: mesothoracic spiracles; Ph: plumose hair; Msp: mesothoracic setiferous processes; Wdds: weakly developed digging setae; VIII-As: VIII abdominal spiracles. Scale bar: 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412508/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metathorax with slightly protruding setiferous processes. A few spots present on ventral part of each thoracic segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF77465AE88DF6092BD4BCDC" blockId="2.[151,1437,488,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AE88DF6092AD6BCF8" box="[199,252,1137,1162]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Greenish yellow, covered with short stout black setae and long slender black setae; fore and meso coxae with indistinct brown markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF77465AE88DF6C02BCFBDF5" blockId="2.[151,1437,488,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AE88DF6C02B1BBCA0" box="[199,305,1208,1234]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Yellowish brown, with numerous dark brown spots dorsally, segments I–VIII each with a pair of dark brown markings along midline in dorsal view. Venters of segments II–VIII each with a pair of dark brown oblique wide stripes at middle; segments I–VII with a few dark brown spots between preceding stripes. Abdominal spiracles dark brown, not prominent on segments I–VII, but slightly prominent on segment VIII. Segment IX broadly subtrianglar, longer than wide, covered with long setae; two pairs of weakly developed digging setae present on apex of segment IX ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4AF2A6DBF77465AE9D9F7142BFDBDF5" box="[403,471,1388,1415]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–8" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[222,1372,195,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[203,1384,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–8. Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913), 3rd instar larva. 4. head, dorsal view; 5. head, ventral view; 6. thorax, dorsal view; 7. abdominal segments VII–IX, dorsal view; 8. abdominal segments VII–XI, ventral view. 1t: first tooth; 2t: second tooth; 3t: third tooth; Ims: interdental mandibular setae; D: dolichaster; Ms: mesothoracic spiracles; Ph: plumose hair; Msp: mesothoracic setiferous processes; Wdds: weakly developed digging setae; VIII-As: VIII abdominal spiracles. Scale bar: 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412508/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="748E6563BF77465AE88DF7E82F1BBD80" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF77465AE88DF7E82F1BBD80" blockId="2.[151,1437,488,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AE88DF7E82BEBBDD9" bold="true" box="[199,449,1424,1451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Description of pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
Body C-shaped. Pale yellow, covered with yellowish brown setae except wing pads. Mandibles dark reddish brown. Antennae stretching posterior to compound eyes. Pretarsal claws not curved backward basally. Wing pads with scattered brown spots. Abdomen with numerous irregular brown markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="748E6563BF77465FE88DF7842924BA6B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="401" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF77465DE88DF7842F38B96F" blockId="2.[151,1437,488,2027]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,970]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AE88DF7842B85BE64" bold="true" box="[199,431,1532,1558]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="8CFC3CB5BF77465AE9FFF7852EB4BE2D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3034035301" collectingDate="2020-03-15" collectionCode="CAU" country="China" county="Longyan" elevation="750" location="Jiangshan Grand Canyon Scenic Spot" municipality="Jiangshan town" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" specimenCount="36" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-larva="30" specimenCount-male="2" specimenCount-pupa="2" stateProvince="Fujian">
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF77465AE9FFF7852830BE64" box="[437,538,1532,1559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" type="larva">30 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF77465AEA04F7852883BE65" box="[590,681,1533,1559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
: 1 3rd instar larva preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol, 3 3rd instar larvae reared to adults (
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF77465AE918F4592B51BE49" box="[338,379,1569,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF77465AE936F4592BB2BE49" box="[380,408,1569,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44837678BF77465AE9E7F4582BDEBE48" box="[429,500,1568,1594]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FE50F80ABF77465AE9B4F4582863BE48" box="[510,585,1568,1594]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="D54A4E64BF77465AEA18F4592892BE49" box="[594,696,1569,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Longyan</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="DC4FAC92BF77465AEA89F4582958BE49" box="[707,882,1568,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Jiangshan town</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AEB36F4582F37BE49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AEB36F4582F37BE49" box="[892,1309,1568,1595]" country="China" county="Longyan" municipality="Jiangshan town" name="Jiangshan Grand Canyon Scenic Spot" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Jiangshan Grand Canyon Scenic Spot</location>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AED66F4592B2DBE2E" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">ũmkẖ Ĩṇēṉ</emphasis>
|
||
],
|
||
<quantity id="FB6C9B0DBF77465AE954F43C2B4CBE2D" box="[286,358,1604,1631]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="750.0">
|
||
<elevation id="B7B9D1DBBF77465AE954F43C2B4CBE2D" box="[286,358,1604,1631]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="482A1028BF77465AE93BF43C2BDBBE2D" box="[369,497,1604,1631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" value="2020-03-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="586EE9C0BF77465AE93BF43C2BDBBE2D" box="[369,497,1604,1631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" value="2020-03-15">15.III.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Yuchen Zheng (
|
||
<collectionCode id="5A85AE2DBF77465AEAE1F43D28C6BE2D" box="[683,748,1605,1631]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">CAU</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1 3rd instar larva reared to adult (
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF77465AEC39F43D2EB9BE2D" box="[1139,1171,1605,1631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="8CFC3CB5BF77465DECE1F43D2B31B8C3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3034035304" collectingDate="2020-03-15" collectingDateMax="2020-05-03" collectingDateMin="2020-03-15" collectionCode="CAU" country="China" county="Dehua County" elevation="640" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="399" location="Jiangshan town" municipality="Longyan" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="7" specimenCount-pupa="1" stateProvince="Fujian">
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF77465AECE1F43D2EDFBE2D" box="[1195,1269,1605,1631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
reared to adult (
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF77465AE8EBF4112AEEBEF1" box="[161,196,1641,1667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44837678BF77465AE891F4102B08BEF0" box="[219,290,1640,1666]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FE50F80ABF77465AE964F4102B53BEF0" box="[302,377,1640,1666]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="DC4FAC92BF77465AE9CEF4112BC0BEF1" box="[388,490,1641,1667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Longyan</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AE9BCF410288DBEF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AE9BCF410288DBEF1" box="[502,679,1640,1667]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Jiangshan town" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Jiangshan town</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AEAF8F4102E77BEF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AEAF8F4102E77BEF1" box="[690,1117,1640,1667]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Jiangshan Grand Canyon Scenic Spot" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Jiangshan Grand Canyon Scenic Spot</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="FB6C9B0DBF77465AEC23F4102E98BEF1" box="[1129,1202,1640,1667]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="640.0">
|
||
<elevation id="B7B9D1DBBF77465AEC23F4102E98BEF1" box="[1129,1202,1640,1667]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="640.0">640 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="482A1028BF77465AECF5F4112F17BEF1" box="[1215,1341,1641,1667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" value="2020-04-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="586EE9C0BF77465AECF5F4112F17BEF1" box="[1215,1341,1641,1667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" value="2020-04-30">30.IV.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AED02F4102AF5BED4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AED02F4102AF5BED4" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Yuchen Zheng" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Yuchen Zheng</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="5A85AE2DBF77465AE8A5F4F52B1ABED5" box="[239,304,1677,1703]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">CAU</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1 3rd instar larva reared to adults (
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF77465AEA9EF4F528DDBED5" box="[724,759,1677,1703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44837678BF77465AEB45F4F4297CBED4" box="[783,854,1676,1702]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FE50F80ABF77465AEB28F4F42987BED4" box="[866,941,1676,1702]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AEBF3F4F52E35BED5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AEBF3F4F52E35BED5" box="[953,1055,1677,1703]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Longyan" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Longyan</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AEC61F4F42EE8BED5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AEC61F4F42EE8BED5" box="[1067,1218,1676,1703]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Yanshi Town" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Yanshi Town</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AEC85F4F52FB6BED4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AEC85F4F52FB6BED4" box="[1231,1436,1676,1703]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Mt. Tiangongshan" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Mt. Tiangongshan</location>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AE8EBF4C92ADFBEBA" bold="true" box="[161,245,1713,1736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">ƙäm</emphasis>
|
||
],
|
||
<quantity id="FB6C9B0DBF77465AE941F4C92B7EBEB9" box="[267,340,1713,1739]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="710.0">
|
||
<elevation id="B7B9D1DBBF77465AE941F4C92B7EBEB9" box="[267,340,1713,1739]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="710.0">710 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="482A1028BF77465AE915F4C82BF5BEB9" box="[351,479,1712,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" value="2020-03-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="586EE9C0BF77465AE915F4C82BF5BEB9" box="[351,479,1712,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" value="2020-03-15">15.III.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AE9A3F4C828A6BEB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AE9A3F4C828A6BEB8" box="[489,652,1712,1738]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Yuchen Zheng" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Yuchen Zheng</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="5A85AE2DBF77465AEAD0F4C928F1BEB9" box="[666,731,1713,1739]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">CAU</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1 3rd instar larva preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol, 1 2nd instar larva reared to 3rd instar, 2 3rd instar larvae reared to adults (
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF77465AEB0BF4AD294DBE9D" box="[833,871,1749,1775]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44837678BF77465AEB31F4AC29E8BE9C" box="[891,962,1748,1774]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FE50F80ABF77465AEB87F4AC2E32BE9C" box="[973,1048,1748,1774]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AEC68F4AD2EA2BE9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AEC68F4AD2EA2BE9D" box="[1058,1160,1749,1775]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Longyan" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Longyan</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AECD9F4AC2F0DBE9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AECD9F4AC2F0DBE9D" box="[1171,1319,1748,1775]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Yanshi Town" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Yanshi Town</location>
|
||
, Mt. Tian- gongshan,
|
||
<quantity id="FB6C9B0DBF77465AE95AF4812B73BF61" box="[272,345,1785,1811]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="900.0">
|
||
<elevation id="B7B9D1DBBF77465AE95AF4812B73BF61" box="[272,345,1785,1811]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="482A1028BF77465AE92FF4812BFCBF61" box="[357,470,1785,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" value="2020-04-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="586EE9C0BF77465AE92FF4812BFCBF61" box="[357,470,1785,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" value="2020-04-09">9.IV.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AE9AAF48028A8BF60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AE9AAF48028A8BF60" box="[480,642,1784,1810]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Yuchen Zheng" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Yuchen Zheng</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="5A85AE2DBF77465AEADBF48128F8BF61" box="[657,722,1785,1811]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">CAU</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1 3rd instar larva still rearing,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44837678BF77465AEC72F4802E55BF60" box="[1080,1151,1784,1810]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FE50F80ABF77465AECC0F4802EFFBF60" box="[1162,1237,1784,1810]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AEC95F4812F6FBF61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AEC95F4812F6FBF61" box="[1247,1349,1785,1811]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Longyan" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Longyan</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AED1AF4802AF3BF45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AED1AF4802AF3BF45" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Yanshi Town" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Yanshi Town</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AE8A9F5652B9BBF44" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AE8A9F5652B9BBF44" box="[227,433,1820,1847]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Mt. Tiangongshan" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Mt. Tiangongshan</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="FB6C9B0DBF77465AE9F0F5652828BF45" box="[442,514,1821,1847]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="970.0">
|
||
<elevation id="B7B9D1DBBF77465AE9F0F5652828BF45" box="[442,514,1821,1847]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="970.0">970 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="482A1028BF77465AEA46F5652859BF45" box="[524,627,1821,1847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" value="2020-05-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="586EE9C0BF77465AEA46F5652859BF45" box="[524,627,1821,1847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" value="2020-05-03">3.V.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AEA37F5642934BF44" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AEA37F5642934BF44" box="[637,798,1820,1846]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Yuchen Zheng" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Yuchen Zheng</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="5A85AE2DBF77465AEB61F5652946BF45" box="[811,876,1821,1847]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">CAU</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1 3rd instar larva preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol, 1 2nd instar larva reared to 3rd instar,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44837678BF77465AEA74F53828AFBF28" box="[574,645,1856,1882]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FE50F80ABF77465AEADAF53828F1BF28" box="[656,731,1856,1882]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AEAAFF5382971BF28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AEAAFF5382971BF28" box="[741,859,1856,1882]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Quanzhou" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Quanzhou</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="D54A4E64BF77465AEB2CF5382E20BF29" box="[870,1034,1856,1883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Dehua County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AEC5EF5382E90BF29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AEC5EF5382E90BF29" box="[1044,1210,1856,1883]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Shuikou Town" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Shuikou Town</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AEC8FF5392F5ABF28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AEC8FF5392F5ABF28" box="[1221,1392,1856,1883]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Mt. Shiniushan" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Mt. Shiniushan</location>
|
||
[.
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AE8DDF51D2AE5BF0E" bold="true" box="[151,207,1893,1916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">+m</emphasis>
|
||
], Geyao [
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AE90BF51D2B53BF0E" bold="true" box="[321,377,1893,1916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">be</emphasis>
|
||
],
|
||
<quantity id="FB6C9B0DBF77465AE9DAF51D2BCDBF0D" box="[400,487,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="1100.0">
|
||
<elevation id="B7B9D1DBBF77465AE9DAF51D2BCDBF0D" box="[400,487,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="482A1028BF77465AE9B9F51C285BBF0C" box="[499,625,1892,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" value="2020-04-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="586EE9C0BF77465AE9B9F51C285BBF0C" box="[499,625,1892,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" value="2020-04-16">16.IV.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Yuchen Zheng (
|
||
<collectionCode id="5A85AE2DBF77465AEB64F51D2945BF0D" box="[814,879,1893,1919]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">CAU</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1 3rd instar larva stored in 95% ethyl alcohol, 3 3rd instar larvae reared to adults (
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF77465AEA47F5F1281ABFD1" box="[525,560,1929,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF77465AEA7AF5F12879BFD1" box="[560,595,1929,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44837678BF77465AEA23F5F0289ABFD0" box="[617,688,1928,1954]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FE50F80ABF77465AEAF3F5F0292EBFD0" box="[697,772,1928,1954]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Quanzhou,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AEBC4F5F02E18BFD1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AEBC4F5F02E18BFD1" box="[910,1074,1928,1955]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Dehua County" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Dehua County</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AEC71F5F02ECABFD1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AEC71F5F02ECABFD1" box="[1083,1248,1928,1955]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Shuikou Town" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Shuikou Town</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AECA1F5F12FB2BFD0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AECA1F5F12FB2BFD0" box="[1259,1432,1928,1955]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Mt. Shiniushan" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Mt. Shiniushan</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF77465AE8DDF5D42B44BFB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF77465AE8DDF5D42B44BFB4" box="[151,366,1964,1990]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Longyan" name="Bangshang Village" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" stateProvince="Fujian">Bangshang Village</location>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF77465AE9CBF5D52BFFBFB6" bold="true" box="[385,469,1965,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">8±ḣ</emphasis>
|
||
],
|
||
<quantity id="FB6C9B0DBF77465AE9BAF5D52860BFB5" box="[496,586,1965,1991]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="1300.0">
|
||
<elevation id="B7B9D1DBBF77465AE9BAF5D52860BFB5" box="[496,586,1965,1991]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="482A1028BF77465AEA13F5D428FDBFB4" box="[601,727,1964,1990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" value="2020-04-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="586EE9C0BF77465AEA13F5D428FDBFB4" box="[601,727,1964,1990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" value="2020-04-16">16.IV.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Yuchen Zheng (
|
||
<collectionCode id="5A85AE2DBF77465AEBD6F5D529F7BFB5" box="[924,989,1965,1991]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">CAU</collectionCode>
|
||
); 2 3rd instar larvae preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol, 1 2nd instar larva reared to 3rd instar, 2 3rd instar larvae reared to adults (
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF77465AECC5F5A92E9EBF99" box="[1167,1204,2001,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
), 6 3rd instar larvae still rearing
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="8CFC3CB5BF70465DE962F2EF2F27B96F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3034035302" collectingDate="2020-04-18" collectingDateMax="2020-05-03" collectingDateMin="2020-04-18" collectionCode="CAU" country="China" county="Dehua County" elevation="1380" location="Shuikou Town" municipality="Quanzhou" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-pupa="1" stateProvince="Fujian">
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF70465DE962F2EF2B5EB8C3" box="[296,372,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
in cocoon reared to adult (
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF70465DEAE1F2EF28E0B8C3" box="[683,714,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44837678BF70465DEAAEF2EF2901B8C3" box="[740,811,151,177]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FE50F80ABF70465DEB7DF2EF29A8B8C3" box="[823,898,151,177]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="DC4FAC92BF70465DEBC4F2EF2E2EB8C3" box="[910,1028,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Quanzhou</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="D54A4E64BF70465DEC5AF2EF2E9FB8C3" box="[1040,1205,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Dehua County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF70465DEC8BF2EF2F42B8C3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF70465DEC8BF2EF2F42B8C3" box="[1217,1384,151,177]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Quanzhou" name="Shuikou Town" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" stateProvince="Fujian">Shuikou Town</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF70465DED3FF2EF2B3CB8A7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF70465DED3FF2EF2B3CB8A7" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Quanzhou" name="Mt. Shiniushan" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" stateProvince="Fujian">Mt. Shiniushan</location>
|
||
, near north gate entrance of scenic spot,
|
||
<quantity id="FB6C9B0DBF70465DEAAFF2C32917B8A7" box="[741,829,187,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" unit="m" value="1380.0">
|
||
<elevation id="B7B9D1DBBF70465DEAAFF2C32917B8A7" box="[741,829,187,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" unit="m" value="1380.0">1380 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="482A1028BF70465DEB03F2C329EDB8A7" box="[841,967,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" value="2020-04-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="586EE9C0BF70465DEB03F2C329EDB8A7" box="[841,967,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" value="2020-04-18">18.IV.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF70465DEB99F2C32E5DB8A7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF70465DEB99F2C32E5DB8A7" box="[979,1143,187,213]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Quanzhou" name="Yuchen Zheng" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" stateProvince="Fujian">Yuchen Zheng</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="5A85AE2DBF70465DECCCF2C32EEDB8A7" box="[1158,1223,187,213]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">CAU</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1 3rd instar larva preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol, 1 3rd instar larva still rearing,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44837678BF70465DEB1FF2A729B6B88B" box="[853,924,223,249]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FE50F80ABF70465DEBEDF2A729D8B88B" box="[935,1010,223,249]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF70465DEBB6F2A72E57B88B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF70465DEBB6F2A72E57B88B" box="[1020,1149,223,249]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Quanzhou" name="Zhangzhou" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" stateProvince="Fujian">Zhangzhou</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF70465DECC2F2A72F14B88B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF70465DECC2F2A72F14B88B" box="[1160,1342,223,249]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Quanzhou" name="Nanjing County" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" stateProvince="Fujian">Nanjing County</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF70465DED02F2A72AF3B96F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF70465DED02F2A72AF3B96F" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Quanzhou" name="Jinshan Town" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" stateProvince="Fujian">Jinshan Town</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="394B6033BF70465DE8AFF37B286EB96F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43D87FEBF74465FE8DDF4E52924BA6B:394B6033BF70465DE8AFF37B286EB96F" box="[229,580,259,285]" country="China" county="Dehua County" municipality="Quanzhou" name="Exiandong Natural Scenic Spot" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" stateProvince="Fujian">Exiandong Natural Scenic Spot</location>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DEA1FF37B291FB968" bold="true" box="[597,821,259,282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Ȇüṳhṋṇēṉ</emphasis>
|
||
],
|
||
<quantity id="FB6C9B0DBF70465DEB06F37A29BFB96F" box="[844,917,258,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" unit="m" value="520.0">
|
||
<elevation id="B7B9D1DBBF70465DEB06F37A29BFB96F" box="[844,917,258,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" unit="m" value="520.0">520 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="482A1028BF70465DEBEBF37B2E22B96F" box="[929,1032,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" value="2020-05-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="586EE9C0BF70465DEBEBF37B2E22B96F" box="[929,1032,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" value="2020-05-03">3.V.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Yuchen Zheng (
|
||
<collectionCode id="5A85AE2DBF70465DEC8EF37B2F2FB96F" box="[1220,1285,259,285]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">CAU</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="68EB6660BF76465BE8DDF5EF2B7DBFA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412504" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4412504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412504/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="397" startId="3.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[230,1360,260,1838]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF76465BE8DDF5EF2B7DBFA1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1943,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF76465BE8DDF5EF2B10BFC2" bold="true" box="[151,314,1943,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF76465BE90AF5E02855BFC2" authority="(Navas, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[320,639,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Bullanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF76465BE90AF5E02BC2BFC2" box="[320,488,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">Bullanga florida</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58054B19BF76465BE9BFF5E02852BFC2" author="Navas, L." box="[501,632,1944,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397" pagination="9 - 15" refId="ref5466" refString="Navas, L. (1913) Bemerkungen uber die Neuropteren der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in Munchen. V. Mitteilungen der Munchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 4, 9 - 15." type="journal article" year="1913">Navás, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 3rd instar larva, habitus photos.
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF76465BEB80F5E029F7BFC2" bold="true" box="[970,989,1944,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">1.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF76465BEC2FF5E02E52BFC2" bold="true" box="[1125,1144,1944,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">2.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF76465BED42F5E02F31BFC2" bold="true" box="[1288,1307,1944,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">3.</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view. Scale bar: 2.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="68EB6660BF71465CE8DDF5112FBBBF9F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412508" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4412508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412508/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="398" startId="4.[151,264,1897,1921]" targetBox="[222,1372,195,1863]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF71465CE8DDF5112FBBBF9F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1897,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CE8DDF5112B11BFF3" bold="true" box="[151,315,1897,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">FIGURES 4–8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF71465CE908F51128ACBFF0" authority="(Navas, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[322,646,1897,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Bullanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CE908F5112BC1BFF3" box="[322,491,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">Bullanga florida</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58054B19BF71465CE9B0F5122854BFF0" author="Navas, L." box="[506,638,1898,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398" pagination="9 - 15" refId="ref5466" refString="Navas, L. (1913) Bemerkungen uber die Neuropteren der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in Munchen. V. Mitteilungen der Munchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 4, 9 - 15." type="journal article" year="1913">Navás, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 3rd instar larva.
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CEB7CF5112963BFF3" bold="true" box="[822,841,1897,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">4.</emphasis>
|
||
head, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CEC58F5122E0EBFF0" bold="true" box="[1042,1060,1898,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">5.</emphasis>
|
||
head, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CECBCF5112F23BFF3" bold="true" box="[1270,1289,1897,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">6.</emphasis>
|
||
thorax, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CE89FF5F62AC2BFD4" bold="true" box="[213,232,1934,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">7.</emphasis>
|
||
abdominal segments VII–IX, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CEAD2F5F52881BFD7" bold="true" box="[664,683,1933,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">8.</emphasis>
|
||
abdominal segments VII–XI, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CEC2BF5F52E55BFD7" bold="true" box="[1121,1151,1933,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">1t:</emphasis>
|
||
first tooth;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CECB8F5F52F3ABFD7" bold="true" box="[1266,1296,1933,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">2t:</emphasis>
|
||
second tooth;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CE8DDF5C92A9EBFBB" bold="true" box="[151,180,1969,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">3t:</emphasis>
|
||
third tooth;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CE97FF5CA2B4CBFB8" bold="true" box="[309,358,1970,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">Ims:</emphasis>
|
||
interdental mandibular setae;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CEAD1F5CA289FBFB8" bold="true" box="[667,693,1970,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">D:</emphasis>
|
||
dolichaster;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CEB70F5CA294EBFB8" bold="true" box="[826,868,1970,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">Ms:</emphasis>
|
||
mesothoracic spiracles;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CEC2AF5CA2EACBFB8" bold="true" box="[1120,1158,1970,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">Ph:</emphasis>
|
||
plumose hair;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CED55F5CA2F72BFB8" bold="true" box="[1311,1368,1970,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">Msp:</emphasis>
|
||
mesothoracic setiferous processes;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CE98CF5AE2824BF9C" bold="true" box="[454,526,2006,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">Wdds:</emphasis>
|
||
weakly developed digging setae;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF71465CEB2CF5AD29E9BF9F" bold="true" box="[870,963,2005,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="398">VIII-As:</emphasis>
|
||
VIII abdominal spiracles. Scale bar: 2.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF70465DE88DF35E280BBB2F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DE88DF35E2B7DB932" bold="true" box="[199,343,294,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Bio-ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on field observation of the specimens we collected at four localities, we found that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DEDCEF35F2AC9B917" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Bullanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DEDCEF35F2AC9B917" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">B. florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae inhabit four
|
||
<typeStatus id="E32F884ABF70465DE98FF333282AB917" box="[453,512,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of habitats.
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DEAC4F33228D7B917" bold="true" box="[654,765,330,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Habitat I</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4AF2A6DBF70465DEB44F3332948B917" box="[782,866,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1168,1192]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Habitats of Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913). 13. habitat I; 14. habitat II; 15. habitat III; 16. corpses of larva leftover in habitat III; 17. habitat IV. Red arrows indicate the positions where the larvae were collected; blue arrow indicates the position where the corpses were found in habitat III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412512/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A92FD61BF70465DEB33F33229CBB917" box="[889,993,330,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" type="larva">15 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
(13 3rd instar, two 2nd instar) and two cocoons were found on some large rock and protruding rock wall platforms which are sheltered, dry, and covered with a thin layer of sand and other detritus. In this habitat,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DEB78F3EB29B4B9DF" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[818,926,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Bullanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DEB78F3EB29B4B9DF" box="[818,926,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">B. florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae anchor themselves on these rocks and platforms. Similarly to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DE9A2F3CF28B8B9A3" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1899" box="[488,658,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Dendroleontini">Dendroleontini</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, they are not pit builders, but hide themselves under a thin layer of sand and detritus, only exposing their jaws.
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DEA90F3A22978B987" bold="true" box="[730,850,474,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Habitat II</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4AF2A6DBF70465DEB2BF3A3299EB987" box="[865,948,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1168,1192]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Habitats of Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913). 13. habitat I; 14. habitat II; 15. habitat III; 16. corpses of larva leftover in habitat III; 17. habitat IV. Red arrows indicate the positions where the larvae were collected; blue arrow indicates the position where the corpses were found in habitat III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412512/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
): four larva (three 3rd instar, one 2nd instar) were found living under small (<
|
||
<quantity id="FB6C9B0DBF70465DEA59F3872849BA6B" box="[531,611,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
) stone slabs and fallen leaves with a few coarse sand on the oblique rock walls which with abundant lichens growth. They were found only exposing their jaws outside under the stone slabs, covered with less sand and debris compared with other habitats.
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DEB3CF03E29D1BA13" bold="true" box="[886,1019,582,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Habitat III</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4AF2A6DBF70465DEC41F03F2E4ABA13" box="[1035,1120,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1168,1192]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Habitats of Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913). 13. habitat I; 14. habitat II; 15. habitat III; 16. corpses of larva leftover in habitat III; 17. habitat IV. Red arrows indicate the positions where the larvae were collected; blue arrow indicates the position where the corpses were found in habitat III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412512/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
): Five larvae (all 3rd instar) were found living under medium-sized (<
|
||
<quantity id="FB6C9B0DBF70465DEA29F01228E8BAF7" box="[611,706,618,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 mm</quantity>
|
||
) stones that are located on the dry protruding rock wall platforms, covered with a thin layer of detritus.
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DEA74F0F628EBBADB" bold="true" box="[574,705,654,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Habitat IV</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4AF2A6DBF70465DEA9BF0F7290FBADB" box="[721,805,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1168,1192]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Habitats of Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913). 13. habitat I; 14. habitat II; 15. habitat III; 16. corpses of larva leftover in habitat III; 17. habitat IV. Red arrows indicate the positions where the larvae were collected; blue arrow indicates the position where the corpses were found in habitat III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412512/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
): Six larvae (five 3rd instar, one 2nd instar) were found in artificial environment, living on the cement platform of road drains in mountains and on the cement floor of an abandoned log cabin, covered with a thin layer of sand and other detritus. From all of above habitats, more than one larvae specimen were found to co-occur and often in a limited space, but no cannibalism was observed. We also noticed that the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DE9FBF1672836BB4B" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[433,540,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Bullanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DE9FBF1672836BB4B" box="[433,540,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">B. florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
often coexists with the pit-builder larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DEC43F1672FB6BB4B" authority="Yang, 1999" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="1999" box="[1033,1436,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DEC43F1672F32BB4B" box="[1033,1304,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Myrmeleon bimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
Yang,
|
||
<quantity id="FB6C9B0DBF70465DED2EF1672FB6BB4B" box="[1380,1436,799,825]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.07746" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" unit="in" value="1999.0">1999</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in some localities of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FE50F80ABF70465DE9CBF13B2BE6BB2F" box="[385,460,835,861]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44837678BF70465DE99CF13B2837BB2F" box="[470,541,835,861]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF70465DE88DF11F2E45BBB8" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">
|
||
We found various arthropod remains as probable prey of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DEB3DF11F29C9BBF3" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[887,995,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Bullanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DEB3DF11F29C9BBF3" box="[887,995,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">B. florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae from all above habitats, such as dirt-colored seed bugs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DE9EEF1F328ABBBD4" authorityName="Amyot & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[420,641,907,934]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhyparochromidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), ground beetles (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DEB07F1F329EFBBD7" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[845,965,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DEB9BF1F32E49BBD4" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" box="[977,1123,907,934]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pterostichini">Pterostichini</taxonomicName>
|
||
), darkling beetles (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DED76F1F32ACCBBBB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tenebrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DE8BBF1D72B79BBB8" box="[241,339,943,970]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Opatrini">Opatrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
), ants (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DE9E9F1D7281BBBBB" box="[419,561,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DE9E9F1D7281BBBBB" box="[419,561,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Camponotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.), and stone centipedes (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DEB39F1D729D2BBB8" authorityName="Newport & May" authorityYear="1844" box="[883,1016,943,970]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lithobiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4AF2A6DBF70465DEC44F1D72E48BBB8" box="[1038,1122,943,970]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1168,1192]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Habitats of Bullanga florida (Navás, 1913). 13. habitat I; 14. habitat II; 15. habitat III; 16. corpses of larva leftover in habitat III; 17. habitat IV. Red arrows indicate the positions where the larvae were collected; blue arrow indicates the position where the corpses were found in habitat III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412512/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="68EB6660BF70465DE8DDF51329D2BFD5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412510" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4412510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412510/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" startId="5.[151,264,1899,1923]" targetBox="[151,1436,993,1876]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF70465DE8DDF51329D2BFD5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1899,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DE8DDF5132B62BFF1" bold="true" box="[151,328,1899,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">FIGURES 9–12.</emphasis>
|
||
Biological photos of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DEA6DF51328FABFF1" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[551,720,1899,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Bullanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DEA6DF51328FABFF1" box="[551,720,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Bullanga florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in immature stages.
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DEBECF5132993BFF1" bold="true" box="[934,953,1899,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">9.</emphasis>
|
||
3rd instar larva in habitat I;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DEC97F5132ED7BFF1" bold="true" box="[1245,1277,1899,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">10.</emphasis>
|
||
3rd instar larva feeding on woodlice (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF70465DE93FF5F72BF8BFD5" box="[373,466,1935,1959]" class="Malacostraca" family="Porcellionidae" genus="Porcellio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DE93FF5F72BF8BFD5" box="[373,466,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">Porcellio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) in artificial feeding habitat;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DEB55F5F72917BFD5" bold="true" box="[799,829,1935,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">11.</emphasis>
|
||
cocoon;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF70465DEBD0F5F72990BFD5" bold="true" box="[922,954,1935,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="399">12.</emphasis>
|
||
pupa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="68EB6660BF73465EE8DDF6E82880BC82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4412512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412512/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="400" startId="6.[151,264,1168,1192]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1145]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF73465EE8DDF6E82880BC82" blockId="6.[151,1437,1168,1265]" pageId="6" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF73465EE8DDF6E82B7FBCDB" bold="true" box="[151,341,1168,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="400">FIGURES 13–17.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitats of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF73465EE999F6E9293CBCDB" authority="(Navas, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[467,790,1169,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Bullanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF73465EE999F6E92856BCDB" box="[467,636,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="400">Bullanga florida</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58054B19BF73465EEAC0F6E92924BCDB" author="Navas, L." box="[650,782,1169,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="400" pagination="9 - 15" refId="ref5466" refString="Navas, L. (1913) Bemerkungen uber die Neuropteren der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in Munchen. V. Mitteilungen der Munchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 4, 9 - 15." type="journal article" year="1913">Navás, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF73465EEB6AF6E9296ABCDB" bold="true" box="[800,832,1169,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="400">13.</emphasis>
|
||
habitat I;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF73465EEBE3F6E929E3BCDB" bold="true" box="[937,969,1169,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="400">14.</emphasis>
|
||
habitat II;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF73465EEC70F6E92E70BCDB" bold="true" box="[1082,1114,1169,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="400">15.</emphasis>
|
||
habitat III;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF73465EEC9EF6E92EDEBCDB" bold="true" box="[1236,1268,1169,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="400">16.</emphasis>
|
||
corpses of larva leftover in habitat III;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF73465EE93CF6CD2BBCBCBF" bold="true" box="[374,406,1205,1229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="400">17.</emphasis>
|
||
habitat IV. Red arrows indicate the positions where the larvae were collected; blue arrow indicates the position where the corpses were found in habitat III.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="68EB6660BF73465EE8DDF5C92865BFB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412516" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4412516" box="[151,591,1969,1994]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412516/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="400" startId="6.[151,264,1969,1993]" targetBox="[151,1436,1289,1946]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF73465EE8DDF5C92865BFB8" blockId="6.[151,591,1969,1994]" box="[151,591,1969,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF73465EE8DDF5C92B04BFBB" bold="true" box="[151,302,1969,1993]" pageId="6" pageNumber="400">FIGURES 18.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF73465EE97EF5CA2BF6BFB8" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[308,476,1970,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Bullanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF73465EE97EF5CA2BF6BFB8" box="[308,476,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="400">Bullanga florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, live adult.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF72465FE88DF2EF28C4B96F" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="401">
|
||
We also observed the predation behavior of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF72465FEAABF2EF2967B8C3" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[737,845,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Bullanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF72465FEAABF2EF2967B8C3" box="[737,845,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="401">B. florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva in natural condition. In habitat I, an ant (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF72465FED14F2EF2ADAB8A6" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF72465FED14F2EF2ADAB8A6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="401">Camponotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) was captured when crawling on the thorax of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB944D6BBF72465FEB73F2C3298EB8A7" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[825,932,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Bullanga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EE0EAFABF72465FEB73F2C3298EB8A7" box="[825,932,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="401">B. florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva, where it was probably detected thanks to the thoracic hair-like setae. After the prey was detected, the larva whipped its head back rapidly, hit the ant, and seized it by inserting its jaws to pierce the ant’s body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF72465FE88DF35F2925B9FB" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="401">Under artificial conditions (such as turning them over, or remove sand and detritus from the larval body), they could recede into the sand and detritus or feign death for about 1.5–6.0 minutes, and then started walking forward to find new suitable habitat in which to hide themselves.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C2B36E8BF72465FE88DF3EB2924BA6B" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="401">
|
||
As the lab-reared larvae we studied were collected near the emergence period of adults, the 3rd instar larvae were fed only once. After about 10–38 days the 3rd instar larvae began to spin a spherical cocoon covered by a layer of sand and other detritus for pupation; the cocoon was firmly attached to rock (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4AF2A6DBF72465FEC6EF3A32E5CB987" box="[1060,1142,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-427@5.[151,1436,993,1876]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Biological photos of Bullanga florida in immature stages. 9. 3rd instar larva in habitat I; 10. 3rd instar larva feeding on woodlice (Porcellio sp.) in artificial feeding habitat; 11. cocoon; 12. pupa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412510/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="401">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). After about 15–42 days, adults emerged, which usually took place after nightfall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |