263 lines
29 KiB
XML
263 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="B1F4CBA4BA997F9A0DA8581148DA6A55" ID-CLB-Dataset="45466" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.215224" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a53b495-17db-421b-be56-da4dadaea543" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="215224" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460437889326" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Magnacca, Karl N. & Price, Donald K." docDate="2012" docId="039CB000FFDCFFA9F5EFD222AFE1FE71" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03188p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3188" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Drosophila kikiko Magnacca, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFA5C878FFD7FFA4F578D04DAF04FFF6" masterDocTitle="New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698332463146" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="EE1ED3AD4D14A38B99C2A7AED082879A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1C4E23ED5A5BB41B06ADC907C9392FCA">
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<mods:title id="9E03E0AF3896A68619FE415E866F7C65">New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="69B45EB1A26FA863C2F02F6981A193B2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DB3A211D49ECF406F00C2C5B45F08633">Magnacca, Karl N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="40B3247D59F0FC9B7B9A54FCE1060E9F">Price, Donald K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0FB06DAEB3BBF183F340B4FC54AD3E66">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D80D7778584F7F28FF34E1DE54CA52FD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D2534009E614FBEF8C656E382D69FA4F">
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<mods:date id="01F33FBC286A693B2EE7667657D38FA8">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="D6F53F62FBEDF20163E9DC78B88EA1AA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.215224</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039CB000FFDCFFA9F5EFD222AFE1FE71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6165836" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119507072" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6165836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039CB000FFDCFFA9F5EFD222AFE1FE71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039CB000FFDCFFA9F5EFD222AFE1FE71" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFDCFFAFF5EFD222AFDCFD5F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFDCFFAFF5EFD222AD8BFD7F" blockId="11.[151,655,623,681]" box="[151,655,623,649]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="D0C2B67AFFDCFFAFF5EFD222AD8BFD7F" bold="true" box="[151,655,623,649]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF5EFD222AD8BFD7F" bold="true" box="[151,655,623,649]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDCFFAFF5EFD222AEFCFD7F" ID-CoL="8BXV6" authority="Magnacca" authorityName="Magnacca" box="[151,504,623,649]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kikiko" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF5EFD222AE74FD7F" bold="true" box="[151,368,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Drosophila kikiko</emphasis>
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Magnacca
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272607FFFDCFFAFF487D222AD8BFD7F" box="[511,655,623,649]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFDCFFAFF5EFD2DCAFDCFD5F" blockId="11.[151,655,623,681]" box="[151,216,657,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<figureCitation id="130E1D93FFDCFFAFF5EFD2DCAFDCFD5F" box="[151,216,657,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1776,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1755]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 1. Drosophila kikiko. A. Right front leg of male, anterior view. B. Wing. C. Thorax, lateral view. D. Drosophila aglaia thorax, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215225/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFDCFFAFF5EFD294ACACFC77" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFDCFFAFF5EFD294ACACFC77" blockId="11.[151,1437,729,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF5EFD294AE15FD04" bold="true" box="[151,273,729,754]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species is virtually identical to
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<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDCFFAFF7BAD296AC2BFD04" box="[706,815,730,754]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aglaia">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF7BAD296AC2BFD04" box="[706,815,730,754]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. aglaia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from O‘ahu, differing only in lacking a stripe on the upper anepisternum and having slightly more cilia on the front basitarsus of the male (~40–45, compared to 30–35 for
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<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDCFFAFF5B9D36EAE29FCCC" box="[193,301,802,826]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aglaia">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF5B9D36EAE29FCCC" box="[193,301,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. aglaia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). The irregular wing pattern somewhat resembles some members of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDCFFAFF109D36FABDDFCCC" box="[1137,1241,802,826]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adiastola">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF109D36FABDDFCCC" box="[1137,1241,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">adiastola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group at first glance, but is quite different when examined closely, with the typical markings of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDCFFAFF1DAD30BAA1CFCA8" box="[1186,1304,838,862]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grimshawi">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF1DAD30BAA1CFCA8" box="[1186,1304,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">grimshawi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group augmented by an extra spot on M and connecting lines between the spots.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFDCFFAFF5B1D3C0AA42F86E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFDCFFAFF5B1D3C0ABF8F96A" blockId="11.[151,1437,729,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF5B1D3C0AE5EFC50" bold="true" box="[201,346,909,934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</emphasis>
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Male.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF4D4D3C3AEF7FC50" bold="true" box="[428,499,910,934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Head.</emphasis>
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Front pale, tinged with brown; ocellar triangle black. Fronto-orbital setae normal, anterior reclinate very small, about half as long as the proclinate and one-third as long as the posterior reclinate. Face and gena pale yellow except for a small black spot below the eye. Antenna with the second segment brown, third segment white; arista with about 11 dorsal and 4 ventral rays in addition to the apical fork, and numerous rather long median branches. One strong oral vibrissa, other oral setulae small and hairlike. Palp black, fading to pale yellow on the basal 1/4, paddle-shaped, broad and flattened, broadest near middle, rounded apically, lacking strong setae. Labellum and mentum dark brown to black.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF65FD42BAC83FB88" bold="true" box="[807,903,1126,1150]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Mesonotum largely yellow with three strongly contrasting black stripes, all tapering posteriorly; median stripe reaching the scutellum, lateral stripes ending near the posterior dorsocentral setae. Scutellum black medially for about 1/3 of its length, otherwise smoky. Pleura largely yellow, with three prominent dark marks—a small spot at the base of the wing; a square mark on the anterior margin of the anepimeron; and posterodorsally on the katepisternum, in the area bounded by the katepisternal setae. Two pairs of strong dorsocentral setae, the anterior about 2/3 as long as the posterior.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF1E9D557ABD4FAC4" bold="true" box="[1169,1232,1306,1330]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Legs.</emphasis>
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All yellow except the mid and hind coxae marked with black and hind femur and tibia tinged with brown apically. Front tibia with regular anterodorsal and posterodorsal rows of 13–14 very long cilia along its entire length, longest at the base; about 18 shorter cilia between them dorsally in 1–2 irregular rows. Front tarsus densely covered with numerous irregularly placed dorsal cilia, about as long as those on the lower tibia but distinctly stronger, becoming shorter apically (largely absent from fifth segment); basitarsus with about 40–45 cilia.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF16AD580AB61FA10" bold="true" box="[1042,1125,1485,1510]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Wings.</emphasis>
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Extensively marked, rather irregular (see
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<figureCitation id="130E1D93FFDCFFAFF44BD5BCAE77F9FF" box="[307,371,1521,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1776,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1755]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 1. Drosophila kikiko. A. Right front leg of male, anterior view. B. Wing. C. Thorax, lateral view. D. Drosophila aglaia thorax, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215225/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Apical segment of M over twice as long as the penultimate segment (dm-cu crossvein nearly vertical), r-m crossvein located beyond the middle of cell dm (measured from the subbasal break), well beyond the end of R1. Costal fringe extending about 3/4 the distance between apex of R2+3 and R4+5.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF1FCD674AA04F9A4" bold="true" box="[1156,1280,1593,1618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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All segments with broad yellow areas dorsolaterally, dark brown medially, broadly laterally, and narrowly along the posterior margin. Cerci about as long as high or slightly longer, smoky yellow-brown. Genitalia not dissected.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFDCFFAFF5B1D6E5ACFBF8FE" blockId="11.[151,1437,729,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Female. Identical to the male with the following exceptions.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF6F0D6E4ACCBF937" bold="true" box="[904,975,1705,1729]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Head.</emphasis>
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Front noticeably brown. Third antennal segment tinged with brown. Palp with a moderately strong apical seta.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF6BBD680AB06F913" bold="true" box="[963,1026,1741,1765]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Legs.</emphasis>
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Front legs without elongate cilia or setae.
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF5A5D6BDAE5CF8FF" bold="true" box="[221,344,1776,1801]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Ovipositor long, straight, yellow, pointed posteriorly at rest.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFDCFFAFF5B1D758AA42F86E" blockId="11.[151,1437,729,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF5B1D758AE6BF8DB" bold="true" box="[201,367,1812,1837]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFDCFFAFF5B1D758AE15F8DB" box="[201,273,1813,1837]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Types</typeStatus>
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. Kaua‘i
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</emphasis>
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:
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<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFDCFFAFF404D759AEE0F8DA" box="[380,484,1812,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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3, Kōke‘e State Park, Nu‘alolo Trail,
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<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFDCFFAFF6E9D759ACE1F8DA" box="[913,997,1812,1836]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15824" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="ft" value="3800.0">3800 ft</quantity>
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.,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFDCFFAFF68DD759AB65F8DA" box="[1013,1121,1812,1836]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="22.132">22.132°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFDCFFAFF11FD759ABEDF8DA" box="[1127,1257,1812,1836]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-159.66">159.660°W</geoCoordinate>
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, on bait sponge,
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<date id="FF8B27D6FFDCFFAFF5EFD775AE07F8A6" box="[151,259,1848,1872]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2010-01-23">23.i.2010</date>
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, K. Magnacca (UHIM). Allotype Ƥ, Ku‘ia Natural Area Reserve, Mahanaloa–Ku‘ia Valley junction,
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<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFDCFFAFF5EFD711AFE9F882" box="[151,237,1884,1908]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7912" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="ft" value="1900.0">1900 ft</quantity>
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||
.,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFDCFFAFF585D711AE6DF882" box="[253,361,1884,1908]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="22.137">22.137°N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFDCFFAFF408D711AEF5F882" box="[368,497,1884,1908]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="55" value="-159.701">159.701°W</geoCoordinate>
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, on bait sponge,
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<date id="FF8B27D6FFDCFFAFF7D6D711AC2CF882" box="[686,808,1884,1908]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2009-06-23">23.vi.2009</date>
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, K. Magnacca (UHIM);
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<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFDCFFAFF145D710ABA9F883" box="[1085,1197,1885,1909]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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: 1Ƥ, same locality as
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<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFDCFFAFF5EFD7CDAFF8F86E" box="[151,252,1920,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
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<date id="FF8B27D6FFDCFFAFF47FD7CDAE8DF86E" box="[263,393,1920,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2010-07-25">25.vii.2010</date>
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, D. Kapan (BPBM). 1Ƥ, Kōke‘e,
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<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFDCFFAFF67ED7CDAC5FF86E" box="[774,859,1920,1944]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09728" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="ft" value="3600.0">3600 ft</quantity>
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.,
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<date id="FF8B27D6FFDCFFAFF613D7CDACE2F86E" box="[875,998,1920,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1964-06-22">22.vi.1964</date>
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, H.L. Carson, C99.25 (UHIM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFDCFFAFF5B1D7E9AA8DF84A" box="[201,1417,1956,1981]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFDCFFAFF5B1D7E9AA8DF84A" blockId="11.[151,1437,729,2017]" box="[201,1417,1956,1981]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF5B1D7E9AEF0F84B" bold="true" box="[201,500,1956,1981]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
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Kaua‘i, in diverse mesic forest. Breeding hosts unknown (see Discussion below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFDCFFAFF5B1D784ABA0F816" box="[201,1188,1992,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFDCFFAFF5B1D784ABA0F816" blockId="11.[151,1437,729,2017]" box="[201,1188,1992,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF5B1D784AE54F817" bold="true" box="[201,336,1993,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology.</emphasis>
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From the Hawaiian
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<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDCFFAFF74DD784AD7CF817" box="[565,632,1993,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kikiko">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDCFFAFF74DD784AD7CF817" box="[565,632,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">kikiko</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, spotted or mottled, referring to the wing pattern.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF4A519EFFDBFFA8F5EFD6BDAEACF8D3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215225/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1754]" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFDBFFA8F5EFD6BDAEACF8D3" blockId="12.[151,1436,1776,1829]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDBFFA8F5EFD6BDAE12F8F3" bold="true" box="[151,278,1776,1799]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDBFFA8F466D6BDAED2F8F0" box="[286,470,1776,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kikiko">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDBFFA8F466D6BDAED2F8F0" box="[286,470,1776,1798]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Drosophila kikiko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Right front leg of male, anterior view. B. Wing. C. Thorax, lateral view. D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDBFFA8F052D6BDAFDCF8D3" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aglaia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDBFFA8F052D6BDAFDCF8D3" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Drosophila aglaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thorax, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFDBFFA9F5B1D701AFE1FE71" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFDBFFA9F5B1D701AA4EFF22" blockId="12.[151,1436,1868,2037]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDBFFA8F5B1D701AE43F893" bold="true" box="[201,327,1868,1893]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
. Like its O‘ahu relative, this species is extremely rare. Two captive females were offered vials with extracts from bark of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDBFFA8F4F3D73DAD26F87E" box="[395,546,1904,1928]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Charpentiera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDBFFA8F4F3D73DAD26F87E" box="[395,546,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Charpentiera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDBFFA8F748D73DADDDF87E" box="[560,729,1904,1928]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Cheirodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDBFFA8F748D73DADDDF87E" box="[560,729,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cheirodendron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDBFFA8F790D73DAC63F87E" box="[744,871,1904,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Clermontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDBFFA8F790D73DAC63F87E" box="[744,871,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Clermontia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDBFFA8F60ED73CACCFF87E" box="[886,971,1905,1928]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyctaginaceae" genus="Pisonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDBFFA8F60ED73CACCFF87E" box="[886,971,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pisonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDBFFA8F6A2D73DAB82F87E" box="[986,1158,1904,1928]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Tetraplasandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDBFFA8F6A2D73DAB82F87E" box="[986,1158,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tetraplasandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDBFFA8F1ECD73DAA17F87E" box="[1172,1299,1904,1928]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Touchardia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDBFFA8F1ECD73DAA17F87E" box="[1172,1299,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Touchardia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDBFFA8F05AD73CAA61F87E" box="[1314,1381,1905,1928]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDBFFA8F05AD73CAA61F87E" box="[1314,1381,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Urera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDBFFA8F5EFD7D9AE25F85A" box="[151,289,1940,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Wikstroemia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDBFFA8F5EFD7D9AE25F85A" box="[151,289,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Wikstroemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
over the course of three weeks, but did not lay any eggs. The most likely host is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDBFFA8F19AD7D9AA91F85A" box="[1250,1429,1940,1964]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Pleomele" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDBFFA8F19AD7D9AA91F85A" box="[1250,1429,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pleomele aurea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because it is the only known potential host plant observed at both of the collection sites; unfortunately, none of this was available as an oviposition stimulus. Notably, Kaua‘i is the only island not yet known to have an oligophagous picture wing species on either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDAFFA9F48AD0D5AD5EFF46" box="[498,602,152,176]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Pleomele" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDAFFA9F48AD0D5AD5EFF46" box="[498,602,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pleomele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDAFFA9F7FAD0D5AC2AFF46" box="[642,814,152,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Tetraplasandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDAFFA9F7FAD0D5AC2AFF46" box="[642,814,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tetraplasandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Magnacca,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDAFFA9F6B9D0D4ACFEFF46" box="[961,1018,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008; the generalist species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDAFFA9F032D0D4AFDBFF22" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crucigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDAFFA9F032D0D4AFDBFF22" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. crucigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDAFFA9F46DD0F0AEB2FF22" box="[277,438,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosipedis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDAFFA9F46DD0F0AEB2FF22" box="[277,438,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. villosipedis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
utilize both), despite both being much more abundant there than on other islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFDAFFA9F5BFD092AFE1FE71" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The closely-related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDAFFA9F4CBD0ACAD20FF0E" box="[435,548,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aglaia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDAFFA9F4CBD0ACAD20FF0E" box="[435,548,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. aglaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a federally listed endangered species (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3224186FFDAFFA9F15AD092AB50FF01" box="[1058,1108,223,247]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Fish and Wildlife Service, 2006).The host recorded in the literature is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDAFFA9F701D148AC0AFEEA" box="[633,782,260,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDAFFA9F701D148AC0AFEEA" box="[633,782,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Urera glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Magnacca,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDAFFA9F6E6D148ACD2FEEA" box="[926,982,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CE7FFDAFFA9F152D148AA07FEEA" author="Montgomery" box="[1066,1283,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Montgomery, S. L. (1975) Comparative breeding site ecology and the adaptive radiation of picture-winged Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 22, 65 - 103." type="journal article" year="1975">Montgomery, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but this was based on misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDAFFA9F491D164AD64FEB6" box="[489,608,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinoole">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDAFFA9F491D164AD64FEB6" box="[489,608,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. kinoole</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(described below). Since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDAFFA9F6F1D164ACF1FEB6" box="[905,1013,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aglaia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDAFFA9F6F1D164ACF1FEB6" box="[905,1013,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. aglaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been seen since 1997 and its host plant is now unknown, a thorough search for the host of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDAFFA9F637D100ACB1FE92" box="[847,949,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kikiko">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDAFFA9F637D100ACB1FE92" box="[847,949,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. kikiko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be informative for management of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFDAFFA9F0F9D100AFDBFE7E" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aglaia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFDAFFA9F0F9D100AFDBFE7E" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. aglaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |