336 lines
37 KiB
XML
336 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="B0EC1C3392670BDAF214E67E5696198D" ID-CLB-Dataset="45466" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.215224" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a53b495-17db-421b-be56-da4dadaea543" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="215224" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460437889326" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Magnacca, Karl N. & Price, Donald K." docDate="2012" docId="039CB000FFCDFFB8F5EFD70EADA8FBA0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03188p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3188" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Drosophila ciliaticrus Hardy 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FFA5C878FFD7FFA4F578D04DAF04FFF6" masterDocTitle="New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698332463146" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2836C867DD07E4DC8EAA21620F61A520">New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BFA2950692F2051EF408D38B3BAD05A3">Magnacca, Karl N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E819B88E943D27AB8A102D5F508D0FD3">Price, Donald K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BEDAC849C2B51940A70EB6FD994E2044">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CBAC81B4CA46BCE4B0F127D2637A0192">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039CB000FFCDFFB8F5EFD70EADA8FBA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6165854" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119507076" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6165854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039CB000FFCDFFB8F5EFD70EADA8FBA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039CB000FFCDFFB8F5EFD70EADA8FBA0" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFCDFFBEF5EFD70EAFE2F888" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFCDFFBEF5EFD70EAD3AF8AB" blockId="26.[151,574,1859,1918]" box="[151,574,1859,1885]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D0C2B67AFFCDFFBEF5EFD70EAD3AF8AB" bold="true" box="[151,574,1859,1885]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCDFFBEF5EFD70EAD3AF8AB" ID-CoL="8BW5C" authority="Hardy, 1965" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,574,1859,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciliaticrus">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCDFFBEF5EFD70EAD3AF8AB" bold="true" box="[151,574,1859,1885]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCDFFBEF5EFD70EAE9AF8AB" bold="true" box="[151,414,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Drosophila ciliaticrus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CE7FFCDFFBEF4DDD70EAD3AF8AB" author="Hardy" box="[421,574,1859,1885]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1965) Insects of Hawaii vol. 12. Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypterae I. Family Drosophilidae. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp." type="book" year="1965">Hardy, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFCDFFBEF5EFD72BAFE2F888" blockId="26.[151,574,1859,1918]" box="[151,230,1894,1918]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<figureCitation id="130E1D93FFCDFFBEF5EFD72BAFE2F888" box="[151,230,1894,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Drosophila ciliaticrus. A. Right front leg of male, anterior view. B. Wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215234/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFCDFFBEF5EFD7E3AE49F815" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFCDFFBEF5EFD7E3AE49F815" blockId="26.[151,1437,1966,2019]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB252638FFCDFFBEF5EFD7E3AE49F815" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCDFFBEF5EFD7E3AD2FF832" ID-CoL="8BW5C" authority="Hardy, 1965:207" authorityName="Hardy" authorityPageNumber="207" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,555,1966,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciliaticrus">
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||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCDFFBEF5EFD7E3AE7CF832" box="[151,376,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Drosophila ciliaticrus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A942707FFCDFFBEF4F8D7E3AD2FF832" author="Hardy" box="[384,555,1966,1988]" page="207" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CE7FFCDFFBEF4F8D7E3AD04F832" author="Hardy" box="[384,512,1966,1988]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1965) Insects of Hawaii vol. 12. Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypterae I. Family Drosophilidae. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp." type="book" year="1965">Hardy, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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||
:207
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
–209.
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||
<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFCDFFBEF714D7E3ADCEF832" box="[620,714,1966,1988]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
3, Hawai‘i, Kaiholena Ridge [Ka‘ū],
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<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCDFFBEF122D7E2ABADF832" box="[1114,1193,1966,1988]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0104000000000015" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="ft" value="2300.0">2300 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
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<date id="FF8B27D6FFCDFFBEF1C1D7E3AA11F832" box="[1209,1301,1966,1988]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1952-08">viii.1952</date>
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||
, D.E. Hardy. BPBM 6323.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF4A519EFFCCFFBFF5EFD47DAB17FBB0" box="[151,1043,1072,1095]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215234/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1050]" targetPageId="27">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFCCFFBFF5EFD47DAB17FBB0" blockId="27.[151,1043,1072,1095]" box="[151,1043,1072,1095]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF5EFD47DAE1BFBB3" bold="true" box="[151,287,1072,1095]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCCFFBFF45DD47DAD01FBB0" box="[293,517,1072,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciliaticrus">
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||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF45DD47DAD01FBB0" box="[293,517,1072,1094]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Drosophila ciliaticrus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. A. Right front leg of male, anterior view. B. Wing.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFCCFFBFF5B1D43FAC8AF83E" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFCCFFBFF5B1D43FAE4FFA5D" blockId="27.[151,1437,1138,1992]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF5B1D43FAD22FB7D" bold="true" box="[201,550,1138,1163]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined. Hawai‘i:</emphasis>
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||
<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFCCFFBFF757D43EAD93FB7D" box="[559,663,1139,1163]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
3 and allotype Ƥ, Hawaii, T.H., Kaiholena Ridge
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||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF19FD43EAA38FB7D" box="[1255,1340,1139,1163]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0104000000000015" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="2300.0">2300 ft</quantity>
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||
. [Ka‘ū],
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||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF5EFD4DAAFFAFB59" box="[151,254,1175,1199]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1952-08">viii.1952</date>
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||
, D.E. Hardy,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2499D3FFCCFFBFF4D0D4D5AEFDFB59" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[424,505,1176,1199]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">BPBM</collectionCode>
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||
. Specimens from
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2499D3FFCCFFBFF7ACD4D5AC27FB59" box="[724,803,1176,1199]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">UHIM</collectionCode>
|
||
: 23
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||
<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFCCFFBFF61CD4D5ACD6FB46" box="[868,978,1176,1200]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFCCFFBFF1F2D4DAABF4FB59" box="[1162,1264,1175,1199]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. 23 4Ƥ, Pu‘u La‘ala‘au, Kohala Mts.,
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||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF4D6D4F6AD3CFB25" box="[430,568,1211,1235]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1966-08-29">29.viii.1966</date>
|
||
, J29B11, K.Y. Kaneshiro. 33 3Ƥ, Pololū Valley trail,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF1DDD4F6ABF8FB25" box="[1189,1276,1211,1235]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="1000.0">1000 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
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||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF075D4F6AA93FB25" box="[1293,1431,1211,1235]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1970-08-10">10.viii.1970</date>
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||
, P50, reared ex rotten
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCCFFBFF4FDD4ADAEF1FB01" box="[389,501,1248,1271]" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF4FDD4ADAEF1FB01" box="[389,501,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dracaena</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
[=
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCCFFBFF76DD492AD79FB01" box="[533,637,1247,1271]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Pleomele" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF76DD492AD79FB01" box="[533,637,1247,1271]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pleomele</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
] stem, S.L. Montgomery. 33 2Ƥ, Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a,
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||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF1CFD492AA08FB01" box="[1207,1292,1247,1271]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09728" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="3600.0">3600 ft</quantity>
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||
.,
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||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF064D492AA93FB01" box="[1308,1431,1247,1271]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1971-08-01">1.viii.1971</date>
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||
, reared ex
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCCFFBFF47DD549AE71FAED" box="[261,373,1284,1307]" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF47DD549AE71FAED" box="[261,373,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dracaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCCFFBFF4ECD54EAEF8FAED" box="[404,508,1283,1307]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Pleomele" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF4ECD54EAEF8FAED" box="[404,508,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pleomele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] stem, Q6, S.L. Montgomery. 4Ƥ, Pu‘u La‘ala‘au, N. Kohala Mts.,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF18BD54EAA93FAED" box="[1267,1431,1283,1307]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1972-06-27" valueMax="1972-06-29" valueMin="1972-06-27">27–29.vi.1972</date>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCCFFBFF5C4D56AAE6CFAC9" box="[188,360,1319,1343]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Tetraplasandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF5C4D56AAE6CFAC9" box="[188,360,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tetraplasandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bark, P28, S.L. Montgomery. 13, Manukā Forest Reserve,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF15AD56AAB7EFAC9" box="[1058,1146,1319,1343]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0104000000000015" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="2300.0">2300 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF1F6D56AAA1CFAC9" box="[1166,1304,1319,1343]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1976-08-21">21.viii.1976</date>
|
||
, U20, H.L. Carson. 1Ƥ, Kapu‘a (sect.), Ho‘ōpūloa (quad.), S. Kona,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF655D506AC81FA95" box="[813,901,1355,1379]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0772" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="2650.0">2650 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF6E0D506ACF3FA95" box="[920,1015,1355,1379]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1977-07">vii.1977</date>
|
||
, D.E. Hardy. 3Ƥ, Manukā, S. Kona,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF5EFD522AFEEFA71" box="[151,234,1391,1415]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="1000.0">1000 ft</quantity>
|
||
. [sic.?], on fungus bait,
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||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF48DD522AD65FA71" box="[501,609,1391,1415]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1979-01-15">15.i.1979</date>
|
||
, D.E. Hardy. 1/
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF675D522AC40FA71" box="[781,836,1391,1415]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi</quantity>
|
||
. NW of Moanuiahea radio tower, Hualalai,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF055D522AA9CFA71" box="[1325,1432,1391,1415]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1972-04-04">4.iv.1972</date>
|
||
, K.Y. Kaneshiro.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFCCFFBFF5B1D5F5AB95F951" blockId="27.[151,1437,1138,1992]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2499D3FFCCFFBFF5B1D5F5AE13FA39" box="[201,279,1464,1487]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">UHIM</collectionCode>
|
||
, labelled “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCCFFBFF4E9D5FAAC40FA39" authority="Putative" authorityName="Putative" box="[401,836,1463,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetraplasandrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF4E9D5FAADCFFA39" box="[401,715,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Drosophila tetraplasandrae</emphasis>
|
||
”: Putative
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFCCFFBFF635D5FAACABFA39" box="[845,943,1463,1487]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
3 and 23 4Ƥ
|
||
<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFCCFFBFF126D5F5ABC8FA26" box="[1118,1228,1464,1488]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, Pololū Va l le y, N. Kohala,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF584D596AE53FA05" box="[252,343,1499,1523]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="1000.0">1000 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF414D596AEF1FA05" box="[364,501,1499,1523]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1970-08-11">11.viii.1970</date>
|
||
, reared ex rotten flux of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCCFFBFF654D596AB6CFA05" box="[812,1128,1499,1523]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Tetraplasandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF654D596AB6CFA05" box="[812,1128,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tetraplasandra hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, P50λ, S.L. Montgomery. Putative allotype Ƥ and 13
|
||
<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFCCFFBFF4ABD64DAD32F9EE" box="[467,566,1536,1560]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, Honokāne Nui Valley,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF63AD5B2ACC8F9E1" box="[834,972,1535,1559]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1970-08-10">10.viii.1970</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF6A0D5B2AB2AF9E1" box="[984,1070,1535,1559]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6576" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="1200.0">1200 ft</quantity>
|
||
., reared ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCCFFBFF1D5D5B2AA5DF9E1" box="[1197,1369,1535,1559]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Tetraplasandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF1D5D5B2AA5DF9E1" box="[1197,1369,1535,1559]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tetraplasandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
barkflux, P50α, S.L. Montgomery. 3Ƥ, Pāpā, South Kona,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF664D66EACA2F9CD" box="[796,934,1571,1595]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1971-08-20">20.viii.1971</date>
|
||
, reared ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCCFFBFF156D66EABDEF9CD" box="[1070,1242,1571,1595]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Tetraplasandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF156D66EABDEF9CD" box="[1070,1242,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tetraplasandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bark, Q10, S.L. Montgomery. 13, Kalapana,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF4A6D60AAD20F9A9" box="[478,548,1607,1631]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="100.0">100 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF74CD60AADACF9A9" box="[564,680,1607,1631]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1972-02-28">28.ii.1972</date>
|
||
, reared ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCCFFBFF659D60AAC99F9A9" box="[801,925,1607,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Reynoldsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF659D60AAC99F9A9" box="[801,925,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Reynoldsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bark or flux, Q95, S.L. Montgomery. 13 1Ƥ, ‘Ōla‘a Forest Reserve behind Volcano Dump,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF7E7D626ADF2F975" box="[671,758,1643,1667]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7536" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="3200.0">3200 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF67ED626AC75F975" box="[774,881,1643,1667]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1978-06-04">4.vi.1978</date>
|
||
, reared ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCCFFBFF695D626AB9DF975" box="[1005,1177,1643,1667]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Tetraplasandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF695D626AB9DF975" box="[1005,1177,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tetraplasandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sap, S.L. Montgomery & W.P. Mull. 93 11Ƥ, ‘Ōla‘a Forest Reserve,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF7E5D6C2ADF6F951" box="[669,754,1679,1703]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7536" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="3200.0">3200 ft</quantity>
|
||
., at bait,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF62DD6C2AB0AF951" box="[853,1038,1679,1703]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1978-05-14" valueMax="1978-06-16" valueMin="1978-05-14">14.v–16.vi.1978</date>
|
||
, W.P. Mull.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFCCFFBFF5B1D6F9AC8AF83E" blockId="27.[151,1437,1138,1992]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Recent specimens at UHH: 13 1Ƥ, Stainback Highway,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF615D6FEACCCF93D" box="[877,968,1715,1739]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09728" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="3600.0">3600 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFCCFFBFF6A5D6FEAB4DF93D" box="[989,1097,1715,1739]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="55" value="19.573">19.573°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFCCFFBFF12DD6FEABD3F93D" box="[1109,1239,1715,1739]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="55" value="-155.235">155.235°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, on bait sponge,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF5EFD69AAE1DF919" box="[151,281,1751,1775]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2009-07-21">21.vii.2009</date>
|
||
, m0075-06, K. Magnacca. 1Ƥ, Manukā, olopua kipuka,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF6F7D69AACE0F919" box="[911,996,1751,1775]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0104000000000015" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="2300.0">2300 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFCCFFBFF68CD69AAB5BF919" box="[1012,1119,1751,1775]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="55" value="19.118">19.118°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFCCFFBFF11ED69AABE3F919" box="[1126,1255,1751,1775]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="55" value="-155.813">155.813°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, on bait sponge,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF5EFD6B6AE16F8E5" box="[151,274,1787,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2009-08-07">7.viii.2009</date>
|
||
, m0100-02, K. Magnacca. 13 1Ƥ, ‘Ōla‘a Forest Reserve behind Volcano dump,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF1A8D6B6AA2DF8E5" box="[1232,1321,1787,1811]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7536" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="3200.0">3200 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFCCFFBFF045D6B6AA9FF8E5" box="[1341,1435,1787,1811]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="555" value="19.45">19.45°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFCCFFBFF5EFD752AE1CF8C1" box="[151,280,1823,1847]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="55" value="-155.206">155.206°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF45ED752AE8DF8C1" box="[294,393,1823,1847]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2010-05-02">2.v.2010</date>
|
||
, on bait sponge, m0243-01, K. Magnacca. 13 1Ƥ, Stainback Highway, Tom’s Trail upper forest,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF59ED70EAE3FF8AD" box="[230,315,1859,1883]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7536" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="3200.0">3200 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFCCFFBFF435D70EAEBDF8AD" box="[333,441,1859,1883]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="55" value="19.575">19.575°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFCCFFBFF4B9D70EAD46F8AD" box="[449,578,1859,1883]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="55" value="-155.216">155.216°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, on bait sponge,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF67AD70EAC78F8AD" box="[770,892,1859,1883]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2010-06-15">15.vi.2010</date>
|
||
, m0323-01, C. Yakym. 1Ƥ, Leilani Estates,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF00AD70EAFA9F889" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="600.0">600 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFCCFFBFF5C6D72AAE2FF889" box="[190,299,1895,1919]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="55" value="19.455">19.455°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFCCFFBFF44CD72AAEB1F889" box="[308,437,1895,1919]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="55" value="-154.912">154.912°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected as pupa on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCCFFBFF7CAD72AACEFF889" box="[690,1003,1895,1919]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Tetraplasandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCCFFBFF7CAD72AACEFF889" box="[690,1003,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tetraplasandra hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bark-flux,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF113D72AABE1F889" box="[1131,1253,1895,1919]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2010-11-21">21.xi.2010</date>
|
||
, em.
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF05DD72AAA93F889" box="[1317,1431,1895,1919]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2011-12-04">4.xii.2011</date>
|
||
, m0331-01, K. Magnacca. 13 2Ƥ, F1 lab reared from Ƥ collected at ‘Ōla‘a Forest Reserve behind Volcano dump,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCCFFBFF5EFD7E2AFE8F831" box="[151,236,1967,1991]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7536" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="ft" value="3200.0">3200 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFCCFFBFF584D7E2AE6CF831" box="[252,360,1967,1991]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="55" value="19.45">19.450°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFCCFFBFF417D7E2AEF4F831" box="[367,496,1967,1991]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="55" value="-155.206">155.206°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8B27D6FFCCFFBFF483D7E2AD60F831" box="[507,612,1967,1991]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2011-04-01">1.iv.2011</date>
|
||
, m0382-01, K. Magnacca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFCBFFB8F5B1D0DAADA8FBA0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFCBFFB8F5B1D0DAAEF9FCE3" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,1110]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCBFFB8F5B1D0DAAE4AFF46" bold="true" box="[201,334,151,176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
This species exhibits significant morphological variation based on distribution, and may be in the process of speciation. Individuals from Kohala and North Kona typically have the legs entirely yellow; mesonotum brownish and densely pollinose; anepisternum with distinct longitudinal stripes; subbasal wing spot small, not extending into cell M and remote from r-m crossvein; R4+5 with a median spot in both sexes; and usually at least some cilia on the second tarsal segment in the male. Those from Waiākea, ‘Ōla‘a, and Puna have the legs entirely dark brown to black; mesonotum dark brown to black and less densely pollinose; anepisternum often entirely dark; subbasal wing spot larger, always extending into cell M and often touching the r-m crossvein; R4+5 often lacking a median spot in males, sometimes also in females; and apparently never with cilia on the second tarsal segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E1D93FFCBFFB8F017D1DAAFB2FE25" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Drosophila ciliaticrus. A. Right front leg of male, anterior view. B. Wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215234/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). The former have been reared predominantly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCBFFB8F67DD1F6ACFDFE25" box="[773,1017,443,467]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Pleomele" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCBFFB8F67DD1F6ACFDFE25" box="[773,1017,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Pleomele hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(halapēpē,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCBFFB8F106D1F6AA1AFE25" box="[1150,1310,443,467]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asparagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but a few come from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCBFFB8F462D192AEC2FE01" box="[282,454,479,503]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Tetraplasandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCBFFB8F462D192AEC2FE01" box="[282,454,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tetraplasandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (‘ohe‘ohe and ‘ohe mauka,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCBFFB8F645D192ACBEFE01" box="[829,954,479,503]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the latter apparently breed exclusively in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCBFFB8F5EFD24EAE47FDED" box="[151,323,515,539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Tetraplasandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCBFFB8F5EFD24EAE47FDED" box="[151,323,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tetraplasandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCBFFB8F402D24EAEF2FDED" box="[378,502,515,539]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Reynoldsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCBFFB8F402D24EAEF2FDED" box="[378,502,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Reynoldsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCBFFB8F770D24EAD74FDED" box="[520,624,515,539]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Pleomele" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCBFFB8F770D24EAD74FDED" box="[520,624,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Pleomele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very rare in Puna, typically in dry sites). Many specimens of the second, darker form are segregated in collections under the unpublished name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCBFFB8F17BD26BAA39FDC8" box="[1027,1341,550,574]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetraplasandrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCBFFB8F17BD26BAA39FDC8" box="[1027,1341,550,574]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Drosophila tetraplasandrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. These also include two series of dark
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCBFFB8F48FD207ADA6FD94" box="[503,674,586,610]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Tetraplasandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCBFFB8F48FD207ADA6FD94" box="[503,674,586,610]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tetraplasandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-reared specimens from Kohala referred to as “sp. nr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCBFFB8F078D207AA51FD94" box="[1280,1365,586,610]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sobrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCBFFB8F078D207AA51FD94" box="[1280,1365,586,610]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">sobrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” with collection codes P50 and Q
|
||
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFCBFFB8F4A1D223AD11FD70" box="[473,533,622,646]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
earlier publications (Magnacca,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCBFFB8F6ECD222ACD4FD70" box="[916,976,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CE7FFCBFFB8F154D222AA0EFD70" author="Montgomery" box="[1068,1290,622,647]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Montgomery, S. L. (1975) Comparative breeding site ecology and the adaptive radiation of picture-winged Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 22, 65 - 103." type="journal article" year="1975">Montgomery, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They were given
|
||
<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFCBFFB8F5A6D2DCAE44FD5F" box="[222,320,657,681]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFCBFFB8F401D2DFAEDEFD5C" box="[377,474,658,682]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
labels by D.E. Hardy (as noted above), but the name was never published. The few specimens available from South Kona appear to be intermediate, generally like the southeastern population but with yellow legs. However, specimens of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFCBFFB8F7EDD297ADC1FD04" box="[661,709,730,754]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, from nearby Ka‘ū, are quite pale and resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCBFFB8F052D294AA96FD07" box="[1322,1426,729,753]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Pleomele" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCBFFB8F052D294AA96FD07" box="[1322,1426,729,753]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Pleomele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- reared individuals from Kohala.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFCBFFB8F5BFD36DADA8FBA0" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,1110]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
While extreme individuals superficially appear to be different species, in all populations many of the characters occur in various combinations. Leg color appears to be the only fixed character, and this is insufficient to separate species;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCBFFB8F450D324AEA3FC76" box="[296,423,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCBFFB8F450D324AEA3FC76" box="[296,423,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D. murphyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a similar degree of variation in the legs, albeit without a geographic basis. DNA of a specimen from Manukā was sequenced and was over 6% different from four ‘Ōla‘a/Waiākea specimens in the COI gene—similar to the divergence found between sister species—but nearly identical at three nuclear loci (unpublished data). Even among individuals of the latter population, sequence variation is much higher than is observed in related sympatric species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCBFFB8F7C8D3B5AC20FBF9" box="[688,804,1016,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sproati">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCBFFB8F7C8D3B5AC20FBF9" box="[688,804,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D. sproati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFCBFFB8F61AD3B5ACE0FBF9" box="[866,996,1015,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFCBFFB8F61AD3B5ACE0FBF9" box="[866,996,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D. murphyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No other recent collections from the Kona, Kaū, or Kohala populations are available to assess the full range of genetic variation. Therefore, we are retaining it as a single species across the island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |